The 14 elements that make up the S-block are hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), helium (He), sodium (Na), beryllium (Be), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), rubidium (Rb), calcium (Ca), cesium (Cs), strontium (Sr), francium (Fr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).
S-block, what is it?The Periodic Table's s-block elements are those in which the final electron enters the most outer s-orbital. Only two groups (1 & 2) are found in the s-block of the Periodic Table because the s-orbital can only hold two electrons.
What is the s-block formula?S block elements' common outer electrical configuration is ns(1-2).
Given that it contains sodium, beryllium, magnesium, and lithium, I am rather certain that it contains alkaline metals.
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A researcher studying the nutritional value of a new candy places a 6.00 g sample of the candy inside a bomb calorimeter and combusts it in excess oxygen. The observed temperature increase is 2.42 ∘C. If the heat capacity of the calorimeter is 30.70 kJ⋅K−1, how many nutritional Calories are there per gram of the candy?
We obtain the nutritional calories as 2967 cal/g.
What is the nutritional Calories are there per gram of the candy?Now we know that heat is evolved when we combust a compound or a substance inside the bomb calorimeter. Given that we have the following information about the system;
Temperature rise = 2.42 ∘C
Heat capacity = 30.70 kJ⋅K−1
The we have the energy as obtained from;
H = 30.70 kJ⋅K−1 * 2.42 ∘C = 74.29 kJ or 17.8 * 10^3 cal
Now we are required in this question as we have it to obtain the heat capacity per gram as; 17.8 * 10^3 cal/6g = 2967 cal/g
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Chemistry help please asap
No. of atoms in 39.1g of P is 7.59× 10²³ atoms. No. of atoms in 8.97g of Bi is 2.58 × 10²² atoms
1. Given,
we have to find number of atoms in 8.97g of Bi
Now,
Molecular weight of Bi = 209g
Hence,
1 mole of Bi = 209g
209 g of Bi = 6.022 × 10²³ atoms
Hence,
8.97 g of Bi = 6.022 × 10²³ × 8.97 / 209 atoms
Number of atoms in 8.97g of Bi = 2.58 × 10²² atoms
2. we have to find number of atoms in 39.1g of P
Now,
Molecular weight of P = 31g
Hence,
1 mole of P = 31g
31 g of P= 6.022 × 10²³ atoms
Hence,
39.1 g of P = 6.022 × 10²³ × 39.1/31 atoms
No. of atoms in 39.1g of P = 7.59× 10²³ atoms
Thus, from the above conclusion we can say that , No. of atoms in 39.1g of P is 7.59× 10²³ atoms.
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water vapor with a total mass of 10.29g occupies
Water vapor with a total mass of 10.29 g occupies 6.07 x 10⁻5 mL of volume.
Density of substance is defined as the mass of the substance per unit of its volume.
We know that,
Density of water vapor at 100°C and standard pressure is 5.9 x 10⁻⁴ g/cm³. To calculate volume, we will use the formula of density, which is -
density = mass
volume
volume = mass x density
We know from the question that,
mass = 10.29 g
Substituting values in the equation,
volume = 10.29 x 5.9 x 10⁻⁴
volume = 6.07 x 10⁻⁵ mL
Hence, the volume occupied by the water vapor is 6.07 x 10⁻⁵ mL
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a 425 ml sample of a gas is collected over water at 730 torr and 23 C degrees. What would the volume of the "dry" gas be at STP?
Answer:
so I can do it tomorrow
Explanation:
3(+7-(#679''78()
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What is chemical contamination?
List what hazards it may cause for foods
Give at least 4 examples
List at least 5 procedures for preventing this type of contamination
Answer:
There are three major hazards that may be introduced into the food supply any time during harvesting, processing, transporting, preparing, storing and serving food. These hazards may be microbiological, chemical or physical.
Explanation:
microbiological hazards
Microbiological hazard occurs when food becomes contaminated by microorganisms found in the air, food, water, soil, animals and the human body. Many microorganisms are helpful and necessary for life itself. However, given the right conditions, some microorganisms may cause a foodborne illness. Microorganisms commonly associated with foodborne illnesses include bacteria, viruses and parasites.chemical hazardsChemical hazards can occur at any point during harvesting, storage, preparation and service. When toxic chemicals used for pest control or for cleaning and sanitizing food contact surfaces and food preparation equipment come into contact with food, the food may be contaminated by those chemicals.Toxic metals such as copper, brass, cadmium, lead and zinc can be a source of chemical contamination. Zinc, used in galvanized containers (garbage cans) and in gray enamelware containers which may be plated with anatomy or cadmium, can make acidic foods such as orange juice or tomato sauce and pickles poisonous. Pottery dishes with lead glazes should not be used to prepare or serve food.Intentionally added chemicals help to maintain a food’s freshness or to enhance flavors in foods. Check the food ingredient label for more information about the additives. Excessive use of some additives has been linked (see Fact Sheets on Food Allergies and Food Additives) to cases of lethal allergic reactionsparticularly among sensitive individuals, in particular, asthmatics.Foodservice establishments are prohibited by law from using sulfites to maintain product freshness. However, they are still approved for use in some food processing operations, for example, processing shrimp and manufacturing wine. If they are used, the product must be clearly labeled.physical hazardsPhysical hazards usually result from accidental contamination and /or poor food handling practices. Examples include, slivers of glass, human hair, nails, false nails, nail polish, pieces of jewelry, metal fragments from worn or chipped utensils and containers, dirt, stones, frilled toothpicks.Pesticides may leave residues on fruits and vegetables. In general, these residues can be removed by scrubbing the surface and washing with water.Food irradiation is classified as a food additive and is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Irradiation is a process which destroys pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms without compromising safety, nutrition or quality and significantly lengthens storage life. In general, spices are irradiated as a means of controlling bacterial growth and mold. According to Dr. Donald Thayer of the USDA Agricultural Research Service, irradiation looks promising as a treatment for controlling cylospora in fresh produce like raspberries . Contact your local Cooperative Extension office for the latest information on irradiation.
balance the following chemical reaction equation: ___PH3 + ___O2 --> ___P4O10 + ____H2O
Answer:
4 PH₃ + 8 O₂ -----> P₄O₁₀ + 6 H₂O
Explanation:
An equation is balanced when there is an equal amount of each element on both sides of a chemical reaction. Remember, the reactants are the molecules that lie on the left of the reaction arrow and the products are the molecules that lie on the right.
The unbalanced equation:
PH₃ + O₂ -----> P₄O₁₀ + H₂O
Reactants: 1 phosphorus, 3 hydrogen, 2 oxygen
Products: 4 phosphorus, 2 hydrogen, 11 oxygen
As you can see, there is an unequal amount of each element. To balance the equation, we can add coefficients to change the quantity of particular molecules. By doing this, you subsequently change the amount of the elements.
The balanced equation:
4 PH₃ + 8 O₂ -----> P₄O₁₀ + 6 H₂O
Reactants: 4 phosphorus, 12 hydrogen, 16 oxygen
Products: 4 phosphorus, 12 hydrogen, 16 oxygen
****P₄O₁₀ technically has a coefficient of 1
PLEASE HELP ASAP.
What conditions are being experienced
by an observer in Florida when the moon
is at Position 2?
Answer:
the conditions are that when the moon is at point 2 is that the moon is covering Florida so that means that part of the earth is dark whilst others is light
Explanation:
A farmer intercropped maize, sorghum, and millet in the same field.
What advantage would probably ensue?
Responses
A.) The three crops would provide a channel to slow down runoff.
B.) The farmer would make higher prices at the market.
C.) The farmer would learn about two new crops with strong potential.
D.) The field would be protected against the possibility of total crop loss.
Answer:
D because...........that is the answer
Explanation:
your welcome
Engineers must consider how removing or adding thermal energy changes the energy in materials on the molecular level. Describe how the different
weather conditions would affect the concrete in the roads and what the construction teams might need to consider when choosing materials for each
road.
The thermal energy will affect the temperature of road and increase the temperature which causes cracks on the roads after some times. Thus the construction team must use temperature resistant material.
What is thermal energy?Thermal energy is defined as internal energy present in a thermodynamically balanced system as a result of its temperature.
It can also be defined as the energy derived from matter's temperature.
There are three types of thermal energy transfer.
ConductionRadiationConvectionThus, the thermal energy will affect the temperature of road and increase the temperature which causes cracks on the roads after some times. Thus the construction team must use temperature resistant material.
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Need help on how to create balanced equations17.1 g of magnesium metal burns in sulphur dioxide to for magnesium oxide and sulphur. Create a balanced equation for the reaction
For a chemical equation to be balanced, the total moles at the reactant must be equal to that of the product. According to the given question, the reactants are magnesium and sulphur dioxide.
• Magnesium = Mg
,• sulphur dioxide = SO₂
If they form magnesium oxide (MgO) and sulphur (S), these will be the product. The balanced chemical reaction is shown below:
[tex]2Mg+SO_2\rightarrow2MgO+S[/tex]This gives the balanced equation for the reaction
What is a nonrenewable resource?
Non-renewable resources are resources found by humans as a source of energy and such resources cannot be replenished. Therefore such resources should not be wasted.
The earth is rich in resources. Some are unlimited others are inherently limited. Renewable resources are unlimited and can be replenished. However non-renewable resources are finite and must be used carefully to ensure long-term use for future generations. Wood is a renewable resource. This means you can grow additional resources in place of felled wood.
Non-renewable energy comes from resources that are depleted or not replenished over and over again throughout our lifetime. Most non-renewable energy sources are fossil fuels such as coal oil and natural gas. Carbon is the main element of fossil fuels. Air and water are also renewable natural resources. They don't grow like trees or have babies like animals. But they are constantly updated. They move cyclically.
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state the criterion spontaneity of chemical reaction
Answer:
Criteria for spontaneity in terms of free energy change: (i) If ∆G is negative, the process is spontaneous. (ii) If ∆G is positive, the direct process is non-spontaneous. (iii) If ∆G is zero, the process is in equilibrium.
Calculate the mass, in grams, of 532 atoms of iron, Fe (1 mol of Fe has a mass of 55.85 g).
One mole of a substance contains 6.02×10²³ atoms. This number is called Avogadro number. The mass of 532 atoms of Fe is only 4.93×10⁻²⁰ g.
What is one mole?Any substance which contain 6.02×10²³ atoms is called one mole of the substance. One mole of iron (Fe) is 55.85 g and it contains Avogadro number of atoms or 6.02×10²³ atoms.
Iron is a transition metal with electropositive character and is an essential metal in construction field and in electronic devices.
The atomic mass of iron = 55.85 g/mol.
If 55.85 g of Fe contains 6.02×10²³ atoms, the mass of iron which contain 532 atoms is then calculated as follows:
mass of iron = (532 × 55.85 g) / 6.02×10²³
= 4.93×10⁻²⁰ g.
Hence, The mass of 532 atoms of iron is only 4.93×10⁻²⁰ g.
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Thorium emits a beta particle is it a chemichal or nuclear reaction
Answer:
It is a nuclear reaction as Thorium here undergoes beta decay which is nuclear reaction
Explanation:
Beta decay occurs when an unstable nucleus emits a beta particle and energy. A beta particle is either an electron or a positron. Positron can be considered as an anti-electron as it has a positive charge unlike electrons. When the beta particle is an electron, the decay is called beta-minus decay. When the beta particle is a positron, the decay is called beta-plus decay. Beta-minus decay occurs when a nucleus has too many neutrons relative to protons, and beta-plus decay occurs when a nucleus has too few neutrons relative to protons. Thorium undergoes beta minus decay and produces Actinium and an electron.
calculate the number of moles in 1.0 × 10^21 atoms
Answer:
0.0017 mole
Explanation:
1 mole = 6.02 x 10^23 atoms
so the number of mole in 1.0 × 10^21 atoms is
(1.0 × 10^21)/(6.02 x 10^23) = 0.00166112956 or 0.0017 mole
Electrons are transferred from atoms of
sodium
to atoms of
phosphorus
. This transfer makes the sodium atoms
and the phosphorus atoms
. As a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly
each other.
Answer:
Electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorus. This transfer makes the sodium atoms positive and the phosphorus atoms negative. As a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.
Explanation:
Hi my teacher gave me this and i have absolutely no idea how to complete this please helpNumber 1
Answer
V₂ = 1.9 L
Explanation
Given:
P₁ = 1.5 atm
V₁ = 3.0 L
T₁ = 20⁰C = (20 + 273 )K = 293 K
P₂ = 2.5 atm
T₂ = 30⁰C = (30 + 273 )K = 303 K
What to find:
V₂
Step-by-step solution:
The unknown V₂ can be determined using the combined gas equation, which is given below.
[tex]\begin{gathered} \frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2} \\ \\ \Rightarrow V_2=\frac{P_1V_1T_2}{T_1P_2} \end{gathered}[/tex]Putting the values of the given parameters into the equation, we have
[tex]V_2=\frac{1.5atm\times3.0L\times303K}{293K\times2.5atm}=\frac{1363.5\text{ }L}{732.5}=1.9\text{ }L[/tex]Therefore, the unknown V₂ in number 1 is 1.9 L
The correct ionization equation for a weak acid is ?
HA + H2O ⇌ A + H3O+
A + H2O --> HA + H3O+
HA + H3O+ ⇌ A + H2O
HA + H2O --> A + H3O+
The correct ionization equation for a weak acid is as follows: HA + H₂O ⇌ A + H₃O⁺ (option A).
What is a weak acid?A weak acid is an acid that partially dissociates into its ions in an aqueous solution or water. In contrast, a strong acid completely dissociates into its ions in water.
The conjugate base formed when a a weak acid dissociates is a weak base. Examples of weak acids are as follows:
Ethanoic acidformic acid (HCOOH)hydrocyanic acid (HCN)hydrofluoric acid (HF)hydrogen sulfidetrichloracetic acidThe reaction arrow for a weak acid ionizing in water is a double arrow, indicating that both the forward and reverse reactions occur at equilibrium.
Therefore, HA + H₂O ⇌ A + H₃O⁺ is the ionization reaction that represents a weak acid.
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It reacts with oxygen according to the following equation:
B2H6(g)+3O2(g)→B2O3(s)+3H2O(l)
How many grams of diborane will react with 7.1 mol of O2 ?
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 65.32 grams of B₂H₆ will react with 7.1 mol of O₂.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
B₂H₆ + 3 O₂ → B₂O₃ + 3 H₂O
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
B₂H₆: 1 moleO₂: 3 molesB₂O₃: 1 moleH₂O: 3 molesThe molar mass of the compounds is:
B₂H₆: 27.6 g/moleO₂: 32 g/moleB₂O₃: 69.6 g/moleH₂O: 18 g/moleThen, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:
B₂H₆: 1 mole ×27.6 g/mole= 27.6 gramsO₂: 3 moles ×32 g/mole= 96 gramsB₂O₃: 1 mole ×69.6 g/mole= 69.6 gramsH₂O: 3 moles ×18 g/mole= 54 gramsMass of B₂H₆ requiredThe following rule of three can be applied: If by reaction stoichiometry 3 moles of O₂ react with 27.6 grams of B₂H₆, 7.1 moles of O₂ react with how much mass of B₂H₆?
mass of B₂H₆= (7.1 moles of O₂× 27.6 grams of B₂H₆)÷ 3 moles of O₂
mass of B₂H₆= 65.32 grams
Finally, 65.32 grams of B₂H₆ is required.
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What is the dose of a medicament for a child that weighs 66 lb if
the dose is stated as 2.5 mg/kg body weight?
The dose of the medicine per one kilogram of a body is 2.5 mg then , the dose of medicine required for 66 lb weight or 29.8 Kg is 74.5 mg.
What is dose of a medicine?Dose of a medicine is the amount of that medicine required to be taken for one time. It can be measured per Kg of body and the dose of medicine can be g or mg.
lb is a unit of weight. Generally we are using kilogram (Kg) unit of for kg. One lb weight = 0.453 kg.
Hence, 66 lb in kilogram weight is written as: 66 × 0.453 Kg = 29.8 Kg. The dose of medicine is 2.5 mg/kg which means, 2.5 mg is required for 1 Kg body.
The dose of the medicine required for 66 lb or 29.8 Kg is calculated by multiplying the dose required for 1 kg to the actual weight of the child as follows:
Dose = 29.8 × 2.5
= 74.5 mg.
Thus, the child that weighs 66 lb or 29.8 kg is required to take the medicine of 74.5 mg dose.
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Nuclear energy is produced and converted at nuclear power plants.
Which kind of nuclear energy is used in homes?
light energy
electrical energy
solar energy
heat energy
Nuclear energy produces electricity or electrical energy that can be used to power homes, schools, businesses, and hospitals.
What is Nuclear energy ?A type of energy emitted by an atom's nucleus, which is composed of protons and neutrons, is known as nuclear energy. Fission, which occurs when atoms' nuclei split into numerous portions, and fusion, which occurs when nuclei fuse together, are the two methods in which this type of energy can be created.
Nuclear power plants turn water into steam in a controlled setting using heat produced by nuclear fission, which drives generators to generate electricity.Nuclear energy is recyclable even though it is not a renewable energy. 96% of the spent nuclear fuel in reactors is recyclable thanks to Orano's innovations, which are unparalleled in the world on an industrial scale.Learn more about Nuclear energy here:
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what is the phase triangle in chemistry
A ternary phase diagram shows the phases of a ternary system. These phases are usually represented by triangular diagrams. The vertices of the triangle represent the three pure components, and the distance from the vertices is a measure of their cardinality.
A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the different stages of a substance or mixture of substances that coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium and undergo phase changes under different operating conditions such as temperature pressure and volume.
The diagram is divided into three regions representing the solid-liquid and gaseous states of matter. The best way to remember the regions that correspond to each of these states is to remember the temperature and pressure conditions most relevant to solids liquids and gases. A phase diagram shows the temperatures and pressures at which different phases of matter solids liquids and gases can exist.
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During a physics experiment, an electron is accelerated to 93 percent of the speed of light. What is the speed of the electron in miles per hour? (speed of light = 3.00 x 10^8 m/s, 1 km = 0.6214 mi)
speed of the electron = 0.93*speed of light
= 0.93*3.00 × [tex]10^{8}[/tex] m/s*(0.6214 mi/1 km)*(3600 s/hr)
= 6.24X [tex]10^8[/tex] mi/hr
What is speed?
Speed is defined as the rate at which the position of an object changes in any direction.
There are four types of speed and they are:
Constant Speed: An object is at a constant Speed when the object travels the same distance in equal intervals of time. Variable Speed: An object is said to have variable speed when the object travels varying distances at regular intervals. Average Speed: Average speed is defined as the constant speed obtained by dividing the total distance travelled by the object by the total time spent on the object. Instantaneous Speed : When an object moves with a variable speed, the speed of the object at any instant of time is called the instantaneous speed.To learn more about speed, visit;
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What is the volume of 58.9 grams of oxygen gas (O2) at STP?
Answer
41.2 L
Explanation
Given that:
The mass of oxygen gas (O₂) = 58.9 grams
What to find:
The volume of 58.9 grams of oxygen gas (O₂) at STP.
Step-by-step solution:
The first step is to convert 58.9 grams of oxygen gas (O₂) given to moles using the mole formula:
[tex]Moles=\frac{Mass}{Molar\text{ }mass}[/tex]The molar mass of oxygen gas (O₂) is 31.998 g/mol.
[tex]Moles\text{ }of\text{ }O_2=\frac{58.9g}{31.998g\text{/}mol}=1.8407\text{ }mol[/tex]The final step is to convert the 1.8407 moles of oxygen gas (O₂) to volume using the conversion factor below.
Conversion factor: The molar volume of any gas at STP is 22.4 L. That is, one mole of any gas has a volume of 22.4 L or 22,400 mL.
So,
[tex]\begin{gathered} 1\text{ }mol\text{ }O_2=22.4\text{ }L \\ \\ 1.8407\text{ }mol\text{ }O_2=x \\ \\ x=\frac{1.8407\text{ }mol}{1\text{ }mol}\times22.4\text{ }L \\ \\ x=41.2\text{ }L \end{gathered}[/tex]H-C=C-H. How many pairs of shared electrons between two carbon atoms and _________ pairs of shared electrons between the carbon and hydrogen atoms
In acetylene (H-C=C-H) three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms of carbon forming a triple bond, while a single pair of electrons is shared between a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom.
What is electron?With a negative one elementary charge electric charge, the electron is a subatomic particle. Given that they have no known components or substructure and are a member of the first generation of lepton particles, electrons are typically regarded as elementary particles.
Approximately 1/1836th of a proton's mass is that of an electron. An intrinsic half-integer value angular momentum (spin) with units of the reduced Planck constant,, is one of the electron's quantum mechanical properties.
The Pauli exclusion principle states that since electrons are fermions, they can never share the same quantum state. Electrons, like all elementary particles, have the ability to interact with other particles and behave like waves when they are diffracted, similar to how light does.
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Hydrogen (H-1), deuterium (H-2), and tritium (H-3) are the three isotopes of hydrogen. What are the values of a,b, and c in the table?
Hydrogen (H-1), (H-2), and (H-3) are the three isotope of hydrogen. the values of a,b, and c in the table are: a=1 , b=1, c=2.
no. of proton no. of electron no. of neutron
H-1 1 1 0
H-2 a= 1 1 b= 1
H-2 1 1 c= 2
Isotope can be defined as the element having same no. of protons but different no. of neutrons. we can also defined as elements having same atomic number but different mass no. Hydrogen (H-1), (H-2), and (H-3) are the three isotopes of hydrogen. ¹H has only 1 proton and zero neutron having ,mass number 1. ²H has one proton and one neutron having mass no. 2. ³H has one proton and two neutron and having mass number 3.
Thus, Hydrogen (H-1), (H-2), and (H-3) are the three isotope of hydrogen. the values of a,b,and c in the table are: a=1,b=1,c=2.
no. of proton no. of electron no. of neutron
H-1 1 1 0
H-2 a = 1 1 b = 1
H-2 1 1 c = 2
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Investigating Energy Systems
Posible Subclaims:
The Hand-Crank Generator System does have energy.
or
The Hand-Crank Generator System does not have energy.
Evidence
(observations about whether the system does or does not have energy)
This matters because . . .
(How does this evidence support the subclaim?)
Therefore, . . .
(subclaim)
Answer:
Investigating Energy Systems
Posible Subclaims:
The Hand-Crank Generator System does have energy.
or
The Hand-Crank Generator System does not have energy.
Evidence
How many grams of titanium(Ti, 47.90 g/mol) are in aninstrument gear with5.74 x 102 atoms of Ti?[?]g
First of all we must know this:
1 mol of Ti,= 47.90 g of Ti, furthermore we can say that:
1 mol Ti = 47.90 g Ti = 6.022x10^23 formula units (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) and in this case, we work with atoms of Ti.
Procedure:
47.90 g (1 mol) of Ti ------------------ 6.022x10^23 atoms of Ti
X ------------------ 5.74x10^22 atoms of Ti
X = 4.600 g of Ti
Answer: 4.600 g of Ti
How many moles of KClO3 solid must be reacted according to the following balanced chemical reaction to transfer -34.2 kJ of heat? 2KClO₃(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O₂(g) ∆H = -89.4kJ
If you've done stoichiometry already, it's easiest to do enthalpy problems like this in the same way where your ∆H is just part of the 'railroad tracks'.
-34.2 kJ (2 mol KClO3/-89.4 kJ) = 0.765 mol KClO3
2. Using the periodic table above, which of the following molecules have a *
stable configuration that satisfies the octet rule for all atoms? (1 pt)
MgBr
MgO
SiO
KCI2
Using the periodic table, THE molecule that has a stable configuration that satisfies the octet rule for all atoms is option B: MgO
Does MgO obey octet rule?MgO (Magnesium Oxide) and (Magnesium Oxide) establish an ionic bond thanks to the electrostatic attraction that develops between them. A MgO molecule contains two atoms with stable octet arrangements.
Note that when we study the octet rule of the MGO Lewis structure. The octet rule is satisfied by the oxygen atoms and magnesium in the MgO Lewis structure. Since oxygen only requires two electrons, the condition transfers two electrons. Oxygen receives these two electrons from magnesium, a metal having two electrons in its valence shell.
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