Which of the following arranges the molecules N2 , O2 , and F2 in order of their bond enthalpies, from least to greatest? (A) F2 (B) O2 (C) N2 (D) N2 < F2 < O2

The distribution coefficient is a measure of how well a compound dissolves in one solvent relative to another. In this case, the distribution coefficient of caffeine in chloroform and water is 10, which means that caffeine is 10 times more soluble in chloroform than it is in water.

If the goal is to extract 90% of the caffeine present in one extraction, this means that 90% of the caffeine must be dissolved in the chloroform, while only 10% remains in the water. Since the distribution coefficient is 10, this means that the relative volume of chloroform-water must be 10 times larger than the relative volume of water.

In other words, if the relative volume of water is Vo/Vaq, the relative volume of chloroform-water must be 10 * (Vo/Vaq) in order to extract 90% of the caffeine. Therefore, the relative volume of chloroform-water that must be used is 10 * (Vo/Vaq) = 90% of the caffeine.

Answer:

a) combustion reaction

balanced equation: 2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O

b) synthesis reaction

balance equation: 6Li + N2 → 2Li3N

c) double replacement

balanced equation: 2AgNO3 + Na2CrO4 → 2NaNO3 + Ag2CrO4

d) decomposition

balanced equation: 2MgO → 2Mg + O2

e) double dispalcement

balanced equation: HI + KOH → KI + H2O

f)  single displacement

2AlPO4 + 3Mg → 2Al + Mg3(PO4)2

Explanation (detailed):

a)

Word Equation: Butane + Dioxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water

How to balance:

1- Label Each Compound With a Variable

Label each compound (reactant or product) in the equation with a variable representing the unknown coefficients.

aC4H10 + bO2 = cCO2 + dH2O

2- Create a System of Equations

Create an equation for each element (C, H, O) where each term represents the number of atoms of the element in each reactant or product.

C: 4a + 0b = 1c + 0d

H: 10a + 0b = 0c + 2d

O: 0a + 2b = 2c + 1d

3-Solve For All Variables

Use substitution, gauss elimination, or a calculator to solve for each variable.

(keep doing this for every equation)

if you have any questions feel free to ask ill be happy to answer

Answer: 179 mols

Explanation:

1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 atoms

Avogadro’s number: 6.02 x 1023

Use Dimensional Analysis to solve.

(1.08 x 10^26 atoms/1 mole) x (1 mole/ 6.02 x10^23) = (1.08x 10^26)/(6.02x 10^23) = 179.4019934

179 moles

There are 3 significant figures.

Starting with solid 3-sulfolene and then breaking it down was simpler than doing it with gaseous 1,3-butadiene. Maleic anhydride, a dienophile, reacts with the diene to produce 4-cyclohexene-cis-dicarboxylic anhydride.

A cyclic organic compound with a sulfone functional group is known as sulfolene or butadiene sulfone. It is a crystalline, odorless, white solid that can be stored forever and dissolves in various organic solvents as well as water. The substance is utilized as a butadiene source.

Sulfolane is a common industrial solvent that is used for cleaning natural gas and extracting aromatic hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon mixtures.

Sulfolane, a dipolar aprotic sulfone solvent, is comparable in physicochemical qualities to other dipolar aprotic solvents as DMSO, NMP, DMF, and DMAC. Sulfolane (anhydrous) has the highest freezing point and highest boiling point among the solvents in Table 1 at 28.4 °C.

Thus, solid 3-sulfolene and then breaking it down was simpler than doing it with gaseous 1,3-butadiene.

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In this retro synthesis the following two reactant would be involved. [SEE in attachement]

A reaction in which a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound decomposes into an aldehyde or ketone, plus another carbonyl compound. The formal reverse of the aldol reaction.

The stage of an aldol condensation known as dehydration is also reversible in the presence of acid and base catalysts. Therefore, many, -unsaturated carbonyl compounds break into smaller aldehydes or ketones when heated with aqueous solutions of strong acids or bases; this reaction is known as the retro-aldehyde reaction. The aldol reaction is reversible in the presence of acid or base catalysts, and the beta-hydroxy carbonyl products may transform back into the initial aldehyde or ketone reactants. These aldol products are fully stable and isolable chemicals in the absence of such catalysts.

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The Bronsted-Lowry acid that has the strongest conjugate base is HBrO, with the smallest Ka value of 2.3 * 10⁻⁹.

The correct option is E.

Bronsted-Lowry acids are substances that donate a proton in a reaction.

When Bronsted-Lowry acids donate protons, the substance formed is called a conjugate base. The conjugate base is able to accept a proton to form the Bronsted-Lowry acid.

For weak acids, dissociation into ions is not complete. Hence, the strength of weak acids is given by their acid dissociation constant, Ka.

The higher the Ka value of an acid, the stronger will be the acid.

However, Bronsted-Lowry acids that have large Ka values produce weak conjugate bases.

Hence, the Bronsted-Lowry acid that has the strongest conjugate base will have the smallest Ka value.

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The statement about cells and genes that is false is a) the sequencing of bases within a gene is of little significance.

The sequence of bases is of major significance in an individual and hence option a is false. The sequences of bases in a gene help in the formation of specified proteins that carry out the functioning in an individual. The sequencing of the bases is also important as any change in the bases can cause the wrong proteins to be formed which might cause the ultimate death of an individual if a major kind of protein is not produced.

The sequence of bases also determines if there are chances of any disorder to occur in an individual due to the pattern of bases being changed.

The question will correctly be written as:

Which of the following statements about cells and genes is false? multiple choice

a) the sequencing of bases within a gene is of little significance.

b) each chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes.

c) each cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.

d) our bodies are made up of about 260 different types of cells.

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true,a multifaceted synthetic route to functional polyacrylates by trans-esterification of poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylates).

polyacrylate, any of a class of synthetic resins derived from the polymerization of acrylic esters. Polyacrylates are used primarily in paints and other surface coatings, adhesives, and textiles because they can be formed into plastic materials with notable clarity and flexibility using certain methods. They are strong and flexible, allowing for the creation of solid products with a supple texture. It is a large compound that cannot pass through the skin's barrier and has been shown to be safe for cosmetic use. Polyacrylate, also known as Acrylate polymers, is a type of polymer that is commonly referred to as a plastic. Transesterification is the process of exchanging the organic group R′′ of an ester with the organic group R' of an alcohol in organic chemistry. The addition of an acid or base catalyst frequently catalyses these reactions. Other enzymes, particularly lipases, can also be used to carry out the reaction.

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The temperature at which the gas could have zero volume is called absolute zero. It is a hypothetical condition where all the curves meet at a point at V= 0 and T becomes -273.15°C.

The plot of the volume of a sample of gas versus temperature at three different pressures is a graphical representation of the ideal gas law.

As the temperature of the gas sample increases, the pressure increases, and the volume of the gas sample increases as well.

However, the rate at which the volume of the gas sample increases is different at the three different pressures. At higher pressures, the volume increases more quickly than at lower pressures, indicating that the gas sample is more compressible at higher pressures.

This can be seen in the plot as the curves for the three different pressures diverge. Additionally, the plot also shows that the volume of the gas sample increases more quickly at higher temperatures.

This is because the kinetic energy of the gas molecules increases with temperature, allowing them to move more freely, thus increasing the volume of the gas sample.

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The total net charge of neutral carbon-12 (or any carbon atom) is zero because it contains 6 electrons with a total net charge of 6e- circling a nucleus with a total net charge of 6e+. Carbon has an atomic number of 6.

Carbon is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6 (from the Latin carbo, meaning "coal"). It has a tetravalent atom, which means that four of its electrons may be used to create covalent chemical connections. It is nonmetallic. The periodic table's group 14 includes it. Being highly reactive, carbon. It combines with several additional elements to generate a sizable number of compounds. There are more carbon-containing compounds than there are of any other element combined. When carbon is at the base, or state of least energy, its electronic configuration is 1s 2 2s 2p 2.

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Answer:

7.31 x 10⁵ kJ

Explanation:

To find the energy gained by the iron sample, you need to use the following equation:

Q = mcΔT

In this equation,

-----> Q = energy (J)

-----> m = mass (g)

-----> c = specific heat capacity (J/g°C)

-----> ΔT = T₂ - T₁ = change in temperature (°C)

T₂ represents the final temperature and T₁ represents the initial temperature. After you calculate the value of "Q", you need to convert the energy from joules (J) to kilojoules (kJ).

Q = ? J                                  c = 0.387 J/g°C

m = 24.6 g                         ΔT = 99.8°C - 23.0°C = 76.8°C

Q = mcΔT                                                     <----- Equation

Q = (24.6 g)(0.387 J/g°C)(76.8°)                  <----- Insert values

Q = 731 J                                                       <----- Multiply

1,000 J = 1 kJ

   731 J                  1 kJ
--------------  x  -------------------  =  7.31 x 10⁵ kJ
                          1,000 J

The balanced net ionic equation for the formation of the precipitate is Ag⁺(aq) + cl⁻ --> Agcl(s)

Given ,   Nacl(aq) + AgNO₃(aq )  --> ?

since,

   Nacl(aq) + cl⁻(aq) + Ag⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq) --> Na⁺(aq)+NO₃⁻(aq)+ Agcl(s)

Net ionic equation is , Ag⁺(aq) + cl⁻ --> Agcl(s) .

Ionic equations are chemical equations in which electrolytes in aqueous solution are described as dissociated ions.

Example: 1) Sodium chloride(aq) + Silver nitrate(aq) → Silver chloride(s) + Sodium nitrate(aq) >>Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → AgCl(s) 2) Sodium(s) + Hydrochloric acid (aq) -> sodium chloride (aq) + hydrogen (g)

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If 6 M HCl is substituted for the 3 M HCl in a procedure, the concentration of the acid will be doubled.

This could have several consequences, depending on the specific procedure. In general, doubling the concentration of the acid will increase the rate of any reaction that involves the acid, so the reaction could proceed more quickly or with greater intensity than it would with the 3 M HCl.

In addition, the increased concentration of HCl could cause the reaction to become more acidic, so other components of the reaction may be affected as well. Finally, the increased concentration of HCl could increase the risk of hazards, such as burns, if proper safety precautions are not taken.

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Pull the glove inside out as you peel it away from your body. Peel one glove away from your body and grab it by the wrist on the outside. Avoid touching your exposed skin.

Describe chemicals.

Any material with a known composition is a chemical.

How to take off your gloves:

Grab one glove's palm just above your wrist. Turning the glove inside out, carefully remove it.

Hold the glove in the palm of the hand that is still wearing gloves.

The glove must be pulled off from the inside out.

After taking off your gloves and before handling any surfaces or items, always wash your hands.

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Answer:

Therefore, H2O is being reduced, while CO is being oxidized.

Explanation:

In a chemical reaction, a species that gains electrons is being reduced, while a species that loses electrons is being oxidized.In the reaction given, H2O is gaining electrons, while CO is losing electrons.

Minimum daytime temperature typically occurs at sunrise, the time of maximum outgoing earth energy.

The minimum temperature occurs in the early morning whereas maximum temperature of the day occurs in the afternoon.

The lowest temperature is recorded diurnally, monthly, seasonally, or annually. Daily air temperature minima is recorded by screen minimum thermometer.

Mean minimum temperature is the long-term average daily minimum air temperature observed during a month and over the year. Lowest temperature (°C) is the lowest recorded temperature observed at the site.

Frigid zone receives less amount of sun rays therefore the temperature in this zone is very low and the climate is usually very cold.

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When welding steels have 0.30% of the required carbon content or more, premature or premature, under-bead cracking becomes an issue.

Methane, often known as natural gas, may be replaced with hydrogen, a clean fuel. It is the most prevalent chemical element and is thought to make about 75% of the universe's mass. Numerous hydroxyl group may be found in water, plants, animals, and, of course, people here on earth.

Hydrogen is more difficult to transport, store, and deliver to the place of use compared to other fuels because it has a lower energy density per unit volume compared to other fuels.

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The complete question is-

Hydrogen or delayed, under-bead cracking becomes a concern when welding steels with which of the following minimum carbon content?

0.30%

0.15%

0.50%

0.45

The order of elements from the highest electronegativity at the top to the lowest at the bottom is:

The electronegativity of an element is a measure of the ability of an element to attract electrons to itself.

The electronegativity of elements in the periodic table show periodicity.

The electronegativity of elements increases from left to right across a period but decreases from up to down in a group.

Hence, the most electronegative element is fluorine and the least electronegative element is cesium.

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Answer:

In order for a horse to be a (WATER)(GAIT), it must have two (WATER) alleles and two (GAIT) alleles. Both Halter-Man and Erlich-Mane have one (WATER) allele and one (GAIT) allele, so there is a chance that they could produce a (WATER)(GAIT) foal. However, without more information about the genotypes of Halter-Man, Erlich-Mane, and Erlich-Mane's parents, it is not possible to determine the exact chances of them producing a (WATER)(GAIT) foal.

What can be concluded from the table is that the reaction occurs more quickly when the concentration of salt is higher. Option B.

In chemistry, the rate of reaction is the time it takes for the reactants of a reaction to become products. It can also be defined as the rate of the disappearance of reactants or the rate of appearance of products of a reaction.

In this case, the reaction we are talking about is the rotting of a rope. From the available data on the table, it took the rope 10 years to rot in lake water while it took the same rope 4 years to rot in ocean water.

Assuming that all other factors are kept constant, the only difference between the lake water and the ocean water is that while the lake water contains almost zero salt, the concentration of salt in the ocean water is high.

Thus, one can logically conclude that the rate of rotting of the rope is quickened by the presence of high salt concentration in the ocean water.

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There are various kind of elements that are present in periodic table. Some elements are meta, some are non metals, some are metalloids. Therefore, out of S or P, S is more reactive. Out of S or Se, S is more reactive.

Non metals are the element that are found on the right side of the periodic table.

Features of non metals

Non metals are non conducting

Non metals are not lustrous

Non metals are not ductile and malleable

Non metals have high electronegativity.

Oxides of non metals are acidic in nature.

The non metals with high electronegativity values, are more reactive toowards the recation. Out of S or P, S is more reactive. Out of S or Se, S is more reactive.

Therefore, out of S or P, S is more reactive. Out of S or Se, S is more reactive.

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A voltaic cell is constructed based on  ag+(aq)+1e- rightarrow ag(s) cd2+(aq)+2e- rightarrow cd(s) , the balanced equation for the cell reaction.  Cd(s) +2 Ag* (aq)⇒2 Ag(s) + Cd2+ (aq)

Ag* (aq) + e-  →→Ag(s                      E° +0.7996 V

Cd²+(aq) + 2e¯→→Cd(s)              E° = -0.40V

So, the cell potential is calculated as follows:

E° cell = E° cathode - E°anode

For the reaction to be spontaneous, the E should be postive, thatis cell

greater than 0.

Thus, E°cathode-E°anode>0

E° cathode > E° anode

So, the value of volatic  cell potential will be more for the cathode.

Here, the E° is more for Ag+ (aq) | Ag(s) and less for Cd2+ (aq) |Cd(s). Therefore, Ag* (aq)| Ag(s) acts as a cathode and Cd²+ (aq) | Cd(s)

acts as an anode.

Add the two half-reactions as follows:

2 Ag* (aq) + 2e→→2 Ag(s)

Cd(s) —Cd²+(aq) + 2e

Cd(s)+2 Ag* (aq)2 Ag(s)+Cd2+ (aq)

Therefore, the balanced equation is as follows:

Cd(s) +2 Ag* (aq)-2 Ag(s) + Cd2+ (aq)

A voltaic cell is constructed based on the following pair of half-reactions. identify the components in the cell below. ag+(aq)+1e- rightarrow ag(s) cd2+(aq)+2e- rightarrow cd(s) write the balanced equation for the cell reaction. (includes states and charges.?

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The statement that is true regarding the solution prepared by adding 0.10 mol of potassium acetate to 1.00 L of water is that it is acidic (option B).

pH refers to the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It can be calculated by using the following expression:

pH = - log {H}

Where;

The concentration of the acetate solution must first be calculated by dividing the number of moles by its volume as follows:

Molarity = no of moles ÷ volume

Molarity = 0.10 mol ÷ 1L = 0.1M

pH = - log {0.1}

pH = 1

1 indicates that the solution is acidic, hence, option B is correct.

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An aldol condensation is a condensation organic reaction whereby an enol or an enolate ion reacts with a carbonyl compound (from a ketone or aldehyde) to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone or more specifically an aldol reaction.

The reason why you can observe starting material and product in the tlc analysis is that the product ( which you obtained from a hydrogenation reaction) should be less polar than the source from which reaction starts.

TLC is a simple, quick, and inexpensive procedure that gives the chemist a quick answer as to how many components are in a reaction.

TLC is also used to support the identity of a compound in a mixture when the Rf of a compound is compared with the Rf of a known compound.

TLC or Thin Layer Chromatography is the type of analysis in which a small amount of the mixture to be analysed is spotted near the bottom of this plate.

This suggests that in aldol reactions, the starting material were analysed in TLC and during this analysis that material was completely consumed.

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After adding hyphens and commas to this name as appropriate. 233trimethylhexane is 2,3,3-trimethylhexane.

There are strict punctuation rules for naming organic compounds. A comma is used to separate two numbers. A hyphen is used to separate numbers and letters. Rewrite the name of this connection, using dashes and commas as necessary.

The first step in naming organic compounds is to choose the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms. This may or may not be linear. Longer sentences and phrases have stricter rules for using commas. If there are more than two adjectives they should be separated by commas. Similarly, more complex clauses and phrases are more likely to absolutely require commas between them.

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One mole of aluminum and one mole of manganese oxide are placed in a reaction vessel, the correct option is  a.) 1.0 mole of Mn will be produced.

The reaction is given as follows :

2Al + 3MnO  --->   Al₂O₃  +   3Mn

if One mole of aluminum react with one mole of manganese oxide  then,

moles of Al = 0.5 mol

moles of MnO = 0.33

here it is clear that Mn is the limiting reagent, therefore formation of the product is depends on the ,MnO.

the moles MnO = moles of Mn

thus ,  1.0 mole of Mn will be produced by 1 mole of the MnO.

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The reaction that treated with KOH in ethanol is explained by the E2 Elimination.

Compound has the molecular formula C9H19Cl and when treated with KOH, ethanol is obtained. haloalkanes that on reaction with a base form an alkene as the major product 2-chloro-2,6-dimethylheptane and 3-bromo-2,6-dimethylheptane respectively. On reaction with base, both the compounds form 2,6-dimethylhept-2-ene as major product via E2-elimination. This major product is decided by Zaitsev's rule. The alkene reacts with one mole H2 to form 2,6-dimethylheptane via addition reaction. Reaction with HCl occurs via Markovnikov addition, chlorine group is added to second carbon and 2-chloro-2,6-dimethylheptane is formed again. Therefore,  2-chloro-2,6-dimethyheptane and  3-bromo-2,6-dimethylheptane.

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Among Acetone, butane, and propanol except for butane, the other two compounds possess polar bonds.  

Polar bonds are when one end of a molecule has a positive charge and the other end has a negative charge. Butane has no polar bonds because its atoms have the same electronegativity.

Acetone has a polar bond because the oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity than the carbon and hydrogen atoms, creating a charge difference between them.              

Propanol has two polar bonds. The oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity than the hydrogen and carbon atoms, creating a charge difference between them.

Additionally, the hydrogen atoms are slightly more electronegative than the carbon atom, creating a second charge difference within the molecule. This charge difference is what makes the polar bonds in propanol.

The image attached explains the polar bonds in each compound

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industrial non-metallic mineral resources do not include Diamond

Non-Metallic is Metallic minerals are minerals that contain metal elements in their natural state. Metal substances are not found in non-metallic minerals. A new product is formed when metallic minerals are melted. In the case of non-metallic minerals, such a process yields no new product. Nonmetallic minerals are a category of chemical components that, once melted, yield no new products. Soil, small stones, limestone, terra cotta, and marble are instances of nonmetallic minerals. Non-metallic minerals are composed of chemical elements that lack the properties of a metal.

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When a physical change in a sample occurs, composition of sample does not change.

Physical changes are defined as changes which affect only the form of a substance but not it's chemical composition. They are used to separate mixtures in to chemical components but cannot be used to separate compounds to simpler compounds.

Physical changes are always reversible using physical means and involve a change in the physical properties.Examples of physical changes include melting,boiling , change in texture, size,color,volume and density.Magnetism, crystallization, formation of alloys are all reversible and hence physical changes.

They involve only rearrangement of atoms and are often characterized to be changes which are reversible.

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