The cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol grain ethanol grain ethanol methane are considered biofuels. The two most common biofuels used today are ethanol and biodiesel.
Both of which are the first generation biofuel technologies. The BETO is working with industry to develop next-generation biofuels from waste, the cellulosic biomass, and algae-based resources. Ethanol (often derived from corn in the United States and sugarcane in Brazil), biodiesel (derived from vegetable oils and liquid animal fats), green diesel (derived from algae and other plant sources), and the biogas are examples of the biofuels (methane derived from animal manure and other digested organic material).
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calculate the molar concentration for h2so4 for the following situation. when 27ml of it was completely titrated by 19ml of 0.90m koh, 1mol of acid was titrated by 2mol of base. give your answer in two significant figures.
The Molar concentration for the H2SO4 titrated against base is 8.55M.
Traditionally, a concentration method that is widely used is the molar concentration unit [mol/ L (M)]. It is the amount of target substance i.e. solute in 1 liter of solution, expressed in moles. The concentration can be calculated as shown below.(1-liter solution weight) x (purity) molecular weight [Specific gravity of solution (g/mL) times 1,000 (mL) times purity (w/w percent) /100 Molecular weight]This calculation, can be used to carry out a variety of calculations for creating molar solutions when working with solid materials. It is designed for use in both the teaching and research labs. For instance, the mass of the chemical required to create a solution can be calculated using the solute concentration, desired solution volume, and the chemical's known molecular weight. As opposed to this, if the desired concentration is known, but only a small amount (i.e. e. When a very small amount (e.g., mass) of the chemical is purchased, e.g. g. , 10 mg), then the total volume of solution required to dissolve the solid material to reach the desired final concentration can be calculated.Molar concentration=MV=0.90 x 19=17.1
Titrated against 2 mol base so dividing the molar concentration with 2 and finally getting required result.
New molar concentration=17.1/2=8.55M
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What is the wavelength of a photon that has a frequency of 4.82 x 1014 hz
The wavelength of a photon is 622nm and it is a red light.
What is Wavelength?The length of a waveform signal that is propagating in space or over a wire is measured by the separation between identical points (adjacent crests) in the adjacent cycles. This length is typically specified in meters (m), centimetres (cm), or millimetres (mm) in wireless systems (mm).
What is Photon?A discrete bundle (or quantum) of electromagnetic (or light) energy is referred to as a photon. Photons move at the speed of light (3 108 m/s) because they have no mass.
What are the calculations?λ = v/f
where, f = frequency = 4.82 × [tex]10^{14} Hz[/tex]
v = speed of light = 3 × [tex]10 ^{8}[/tex] m/s
λ = 3 × [tex]10^{8}[/tex] / 4.82 × [tex]10^{14}[/tex]
λ = 6.22 × [tex]10^{-7}[/tex]
λ = 622 nm.
Hence, the wavelength of a photon is 622nm and it is red light.
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In virtually every stable compound, each of the atoms has achieved an electron configuration analogous to that of the ______ elements.
In virtually every stable compound, each of the atoms has achieved an electron configuration analogous to that of the noble elements.
Noble elements are those which have completely filled orbits, they are highly stable compounds, they do not react under normal conditions.
All the chemical compounds and elements have tendency to be stabilized by achieving the nearest inert electronic configuration.
They are classified as non-metals and they come under p-block elements. They have a complete octet; therefore, their electronic configuration is n[tex]s^{2}[/tex]n[tex]p^{6}[/tex],Their ionization enthalpy has a very high value, but xenon can react with highly electronegative atoms like oxygen and fluorine to form corresponding xenon compounds.
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When zinc metal is reacted with nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, zinc nitrate and water are produced. The balanced equation for this reaction is as follows
What masses of zinc and nitric acid are needed to form 100 g of ammonium nitrate?
A. 261.6 g Zn; 630 gHNO3
B. 400 g Zn ; 1000 g HNO3
C. 81.8 g Zn ; 78.8 g HNO3
D. 327 g Zn ; 787.5 g HNO3
The masses that we need for the reaction are 261.6 g Zn; 630 g [tex]HNO_{3}[/tex]
What is the masses of the zinc and nitric acid are needed?We know that the place to begin when we are talking about a reaction is to be able to put down the equation of the reaction and this would help us so as to find what we are looking for.
In this case, the equation of the reaction can now be written as;
[tex]Zn (s)+ 2HNO_{3} (aq) ---- > Zn(NO_{3} )_{2} (aq) + H_{2} (g)[/tex].
Using the relation;
Number of moles = mass/molar mass
= 261.6 g/65 g/mol
4 moles
Number of moles of nitric acid = 630 g/63 g/mol
= 10 moles
Thus, we can see from the stoichiometry of the reaction that has been shown in the equation here that we need 261.6 g Zn; 630 g [tex]HNO_{3}[/tex] so as to obtain the required 00 g of ammonium nitrate as it is in the question that we have above.
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11) Quique mixed 100. milliliters of 1.0 M BaCl₂(aq) and 200. milliliters of 0.5 M Na2SO4(aq) in a coffee cup calorimeter at 45.0°C. The solutions reactec
BaCl₂(aq) + Na₂SO4(aq)
BaSO4(s) + 2 NaCl(aq)
During the reaction, the temperature of the water in Quique's calorimeter dropped to 15.8°C. What is the heat of this endothermic reaction?
-
A)-366 kJ/mol BaCl₂
B)-198 kl/mol BaCl₂
C) 198 kl/mol BaCl₂
D) 366 kl/mol BaCl₂
The heat of reaction per mole of BaCl₂ is 366 kJ/mol BaCl₂.
What is reaction?Reaction is a response, typically sudden, to a particular event, situation, or stimulus. It is a type of behavior that occurs as a result of an external force, such as an event, person, or object. Reactions can be physical, emotional, mental, or a combination of all three. Examples of physical reactions include facial expressions, muscle tension, and changes in heart rate and breathing.
The heat of this endothermic reaction can be calculated using the equation q=mc∆T,
where q is the heat,
m is the total mass of the solution,
c is the specific heat capacity of water, and
∆T is the change in temperature.
In this case, the total mass of the solution is 300 mL and the change in temperature is (45.0°C - 15.8°C) = 29.2°C.
The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g°C.
Therefore, the heat of the reaction is q = (300 mL)(4.18 J/g°C)(29.2°C) = 366 kJ.
Since the reaction is 1 mole of BaCl₂,
The heat of reaction per mole of BaCl₂ is 366 kJ/mol BaCl₂.
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The question that I. Need help with us in the ohoto
Answer: 13.175
Explanation:
[tex]\text{Molarity}=\frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}}[/tex]
To find the moles of solute, we begin by finding the formula mass of NaOH.
The atomic mass of Na is 23 g/mol.The atomic mass of O is 16 g/mol.The atomic mass of H is 1 g/mol.So, the atomic mass of NaOH is 40 g/mol.This means 527 grams of NaOH is equal to [tex]\frac{527}{40}=13.175[/tex] moles.
So, the molarity is [tex]\frac{13.175}{1}=13.175 \text{ M}[/tex]
Calculate the amount of heat needed to melt 199. g of solid ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and bring it to a temperature of significant digits. Also, be sure your answer contains a unit symbol.
86,472.46 J
The heat required to melt ethanol can be calculated using the formula:
heat = mass × heat of fusion
After plugging in the values it looks like this:
Heat = 199 g × 109.1 J/g
= 21489.9
In order to heat the molten ethanol to a higher temperature, the heat capacity of ethanol must also be considered. The heat capacity of ethanol is 2.44 J/g × degree Celsius. To bring the molten ethanol to a sufficient temperature, we need to know the desired final temperature and the initial temperature (the melting point of ethanol, -114.1 degrees Celsius). Let's say the desired final temperature is 25 degrees Celsius.
The heat required to raise the temperature of molten ethanol can be calculated using the formula:
heat = mass × heat capacity × (final temperature - initial temperature)
After plugging in the values it looks like this:
Heat = 199 g × 2.44 J/g degrees Celsius × (25 degrees - (-114.1 degrees))
= 199 g × 2.44 J/g degrees Celsius × 139.1 degrees
= 64982.56 J
add 21489.9 J + 64982.56 J = 86,472.46 J
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The malonic ester synthesis is a method for preparing carboxylic acids from alkyl halides. For each of the following carboxylic acid products, draw the structure of the alkyl bromide that would be used in its synthesis. 1. Diethyl malonate, NaOC2H5, C2H5OH 2. NaOH, H2O 3. H3O+, heat 1. Diethyl malonate, NaOC2H5, C2H5OH 2. NaOH, H2O 3. H3O+, heat 1. Diethyl malonate, NaOC2H5, C2H5OH 2. NaOH, H2O 3. H3O+, heat
1. Diethyl malonate, NaOC2H5, C2H5OH 2. NaOH, H2O 3. H3O+, heat :
cyclopentane. 3 bromo pentane.bromo methyl benzeneThe malonic is the method of the synthesis for preparing the carboxylic acid from the alkyl halides. the alkyl halide are also called as the haloalkanes. one or more alkyl hydrogen atom are replaced by the halogen such as : fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine from the alkane compound. the halogen substituted alkanes are called as alkyl halide.
Thus, the alkyl halide form the carboxylic acids by the method of the malonic ester synthesis. the image is attached with the structure of the compounds.
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A chemical equation is shown below.
KNO3 → KNO2 + O2
What are the coefficients that should be added to balance this equation? Use complete sentences to explain your answer.
Explain how this chemical reaction demonstrates the conservation of mass.
This chemical reaction demonstrates the conservation of mass. Balanced chemical equation is 2KNO₃ → 2KNO₂ + O₂
What is Law of Conservation of Mass?
A neutral atom or molecule can become electrically charged atoms by obtaining or losing a free electron, which is the According to the principle of mass conservation, neither chemical processes nor physical changes can create or destroy mass in a closed system. The mass of the products of a chemical reaction must be equal to the mass of the reactants in accordance with the law of conservation of mass.
That is to say, the mass of any one element at the start of a reaction will be equal to that element's mass at the conclusion of the reaction. The overall mass will remain constant over time in any closed system if we take into account all reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
2KNO₃ → 2KNO₂ + O₂
Now the given equation is balanced because there are equal number of atoms of potassium, nitrogen and oxygen are present on both side of equation.
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The central atom in the iodite ion, IO21-, is surrounded by
a. two bonding pairs and two unshared pairs of electrons.
b. three bonding pairs and one unshared pair of electrons.
c. one bonding pair and three unshared pairs of electrons.
d. two double bonds and no unshared pairs of electrons.
The central atom in the iodite ion, IO21-, is surrounded by two bonding pairs and two unshared pairs of electrons.
What is a central atom?The center atom in a molecular formula is often the atoms with the smallest subscript and the largest bonding potential. The lowest electronegative atom is normally the central atom when all the atoms typically make the same number of bonds. The main ion in K3[Fe(CN)6] is Fe3+. These central atoms & central ions serve as Lewis acids, or acceptors of a electron pair.
Why is the O atom at the center of H2O?Here, the oxygen atom at the center has undergone hybridization. So there are 3 2p orbitals and a 2s orbital when we look at the creation of the water molecule. The 4 sp3 hybrid orbitals are produced by these together.
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a molecule that functions as the electron donor in a redox reaction ______
The atom or molecule that contributes electrons—in this case, magnesium is known as the reducing agent because the reduction of another molecule is made possible by the electrons it donates.
What is the electron acceptor in a redox reaction?a molecule that, during a redox reaction, takes or absorbs electrons from another molecule. In a redox reaction, an electron acceptor reduces itself and acts as an oxidizing agent. Oxygen, nitrate, iron (III), manganese (IV), sulfate, carbon dioxide, and other elements are examples of acceptors.
The electron donor is the reducing agent, right?A chemical species that "donates" an electron to an electron recipient is referred to as a reducing agent in chemistry. This chemical species is also referred to as a reductant, reducer, or electron donor (called the oxidizing agent, oxidant, oxidizer, or electron acceptor).
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A group of seventh grade scientists students have been asked to create a dining so much key that can be used to identify the plans shown in the diagram below which of the following specifications should not be used when making this setup almost key
The specifications that would not have to be sued to make the specification would have to be: .Leaves found in deciduous forest --- Leaves found in tropical forest Option B
What is a deciduous forest?Trees that drop all of their leaves annually make up the majority of a deciduous forest. Eastern North America, western Eurasia, and northeastern Asia are the three primary locations for this kind of forest. All of these regions have a winter season and a moderate environment.
These trees' leaves fall off each fall, thus the name "deciduous," which means "falling off." Wide, flat leaves are characteristic of most broad-leaved deciduous plants. As they expand, the branches of the trees generally take on a rounded form.
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answer key
1.Circular shaped leaves --- Irregular shaped leaves
2.Leaves found in deciduous forest --- Leaves found in tropical forest
3.Leaves symmetrical on stem --- Leaves asymmetrical on stem
4.Leaves bunched on stem --- Single leaf on stem
Using Newton’s 2nd Law (F = ma) complete the following table for different types of cars.
The force needed to accelerate the Toyota Camry is 7,659 N.
The force needed to accelerate the Chevy Suburban is 11,297.6 N.
The force needed to accelerate the School bus is 83,720 N.
The force needed to accelerate the Semi Truck is 193,701.4 N.
What is Newton's second law of motion?Newton's second law of motion states that the force applied to an object is directly proportional to the product of mass and acceleration of the object.
Mathematically, Newton's second law of motion is given as;
F = ma
where;
m is the mass of the objecta is the acceleration of the objectThe given parameters include
mass of the Toyota Camry, m = 1665 kgmass of Chevy Suburban, m = 2,456 kgmass of school bus, m = 18,200 kgmass of semi truck, m = 42,108 kgThe force needed to accelerate each of the cars is calculated as follows;
F ( Toyota Camry ) = ( 1665 kg ) x ( 4.6 m/s² ) = 7,659 N
F ( Chevy Suburban ) = ( 2,456 kg ) x ( 4.6 m/s² ) = 11,297.6 N
F ( school bus ) = ( 18,200 kg ) x ( 4.6 m/s² ) = 83,720 N
F ( Semi Truck ) = ( 42,109 kg ) x ( 4.6 m/s² ) = 193,701.4 N
Thus, the force needed to accelerate each cars is a function of mass and acceleration of each of the cars.
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The complete question is below;
Using Newton’s 2nd Law (F = ma) complete the following table for different types of cars. mass of the Toyota Camry, is 1665 kg, the mass of Chevy Suburban, m = 2,456 kg, the mass of school bus 18,200 kg and the mass of semi truck, m = 42,108 kg
raw the remaining possible stereoisomers for the following cycloalkane. label pairs of enantiomers and diastereomers.
Among the remaining possible stereoisomers for the following cycloalkane B and C are enantiomers and A and B are diastereomers.
Enantiomers are substances that have the same connections but different three-dimensional structures. One enantiomer cannot be placed on top of another because enantiomers are not identical to one another. The two opposite enantiomers are called mirror images.
Diastereomers, also known as diastereoisomers, are a subclass of stereoisomers in stereochemistry. Stereoisomers that are not identical mirror images are known as diastereomers. Therefore, they occur when two or more stereoisomers of a molecule do not mirror image each other and have distinct configurations at one or more equivalent stereocenters.
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Identify the subshell in which electrons with the following quantum numbers are found: a. n = 3, l = 2 b. n = 1, l = 0 c. n = 4, l = 3 d. l = 3
Answer: a. n = 3, l = 2: The subshell in which electrons with these quantum numbers are found is the d subshell.
b. n = 1, l = 0: The subshell in which electrons with these quantum numbers are found is the s subshell.
c. n = 4, l = 3: The subshell in which electrons with these quantum numbers are found is the f subshell.
d. l = 3: It is not possible to determine the subshell in which electrons with this quantum number are found, as the principal quantum number "n" is not specified. The angular momentum quantum number "l" only specifies the shape of the orbital, not the energy level or subshell.
Explanation:
Multiple choice (easy)
In this reaction, CuSO₄₍s₎ + 2HI₍aq₎ are reactant . Copper sulphate present in solid state and HI is present in aqueous state. Therefore, option B is correct.
What is copper sulphate ?Copper sulfate is used in agriculture and non-agricultural settings as a fungicide, algaecide, root killer, and herbicide. It's also an antimicrobial and a molluscicide. Individual products containing copper sulfate have a wide range of applications.
Copper and sulfuric acid are the two main ingredients used to make copper sulphate, but simply adding copper to a diluted acidic solution will not promote the oxidation reaction.
When pure copper sulphate is kept in water, it begins to dissolve, and a small amount of heat energy is released during the process. Its color changes to blue as 5 molecules of water cling to it.
Thus, option B is correct.
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Answer:
reacrans
Explanation: you are correct lol
The question that I have is in the photo
Answer: 0.101
Explanation:
Using the fact that molarity = (moles of solute)/(liters of solution), there are [tex](0.150)(35.5/1000)=0.005325[/tex] moles of barium hydroxide.
There are 2 moles of hydroxide ions per mole of barium hydroxide, meaning that there are [tex](0.005325)(2)=0.01065[/tex] moles of hydroxide ions.
To neutralize the solution, the number of moles of hydrogen ions must be equal to the number of moles of hydroxide ions.
Since there is 1 mole of hydrogen ions per mole of nitric acid, we need 0.01065 moles of nitric acid.
Substituting into the molarity formula yields that the concentration is [tex]\frac{0.01065}{0.105}=0.101[/tex] M.
51.8 ml of 1.41 m perchloric acid is added to 32.8 ml of calcium hydroxide, and the resulting solution is found to be acidic. 16.5 ml of 3.04 m potassium hydroxide is required to reach neutrality. What is the molarity of the original calcium hydroxide solution? M
Molarity of the original calcium hydroxide solution = (16.5 ml x 3.04 m KOH) / 32.8 ml = 0.95 m
Step 1: Calculate the moles of perchloric acid in the original solution:
Moles of perchloric acid = (1.41 m)(51.8 ml) = 72.3 moles
Step 2: Calculate the moles of calcium hydroxide in the original solution:
Moles of calcium hydroxide = (32.8 ml)(1 M) = 32.8 moles
Step 3: Calculate the moles of potassium hydroxide needed to reach neutrality:
Moles of potassium hydroxide = (16.5 ml)(3.04 M) = 49.76 moles
Step 4: Calculate the moles of calcium hydroxide in the solution after the addition of the potassium hydroxide:
Moles of calcium hydroxide = 32.8 moles + 49.76 moles = 82.56 moles
Step 5: Calculate the molarity of the calcium hydroxide in the original solution:
Molarity of calcium hydroxide = (82.56 moles)/(32.8 ml) = 2.52 M
Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution. It is expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L). It is used to calculate the amount of a solute that must be added to a solution to achieve a desired concentration. It is also used to measure the amount of a substance in a given volume of solution. Molarity is a key concept in chemistry, and is important to understand when discussing the behavior of solutions and the reactions they undergo.
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Match each agent of mechanical weathering to its picture.
Freezing and Thawing
Animal Actions
Plant Growth
Abrasion
Release of Pressure
Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and temperature fluctuations are all mechanical weathering agents. Erosion is the process by which the broken pieces of rock and mineral are moved away after a rock has been cracked.
Is mechanical weathering influenced by freezing and thawing?Rocks that have holes or are porous (have holes) experience freeze-thaw weathering (allows water to pass through). In this case, mechanical weathering is evident. Different fissures in the rock allow water to enter (from rain, melting snow, or ice).
What is weathering with pressure release?Weathering that releases pressure. Definition. expansion associated with the release of confining pressure when deeply buried rock is unroofed, leading to the development of fractures near the surface of solid rock. Typically, fractures spread along surfaces parallel to and near the surface.
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Arrange the following ionic compounds in order of decreasing amount of energy released in lattice formation: LiCl, CaS, GaN, and RbBr. Rank from greatest to least lattice energy. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
The decreasing order of lattice energy realesed is GaN>CaS>LICI>RbBr.
The lattice energy depends on the following two factors. They are product of charges of the compound and radius of the ions.
Higher the charge of ions, higher will be the lattice energy. Smaller the radius of ion, larger will be the lattice energy.
Consider the given compounds as follows: LiCl, CaS, GaN and RbBr
The charges of ions of given compounds are Li⁺, Cl⁻, Ca²⁺, S²⁻, Ga³⁺,N³, Rb⁺ and Br⁻. So, in the given compounds GaN has higher lattice energy. After GaN, CaS has higher lattice energy. Out of two compounds LiCl and RbBr, Li has less ionic well as ionic radius than Rb. Since in groups from top top to bottom atomic size increases as well as ionic radius.
Therefore, LiCl has higher lattice energy than RbBr.
Hence, the decreasing order of lattice energy realesed is GaN> CaS>LICI>RbBr
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What is the concentration of a KOH solution prepared by diluting 25.0 mL of a 6.0 M stock solution to a final volume of 1.00 L?
The concentration of the KOH= 0.15M.
What is concentration?
The concentration of a substance, such as salt, in a particular volume of tissue or liquid, such as blood. The substance concentrates when there is less water present.
What is stock solution?
A solution that has been diluted to a lower concentration and will be used. The default strategy could be used independently or as a component of a more complex solution. A working solution is the option we ultimately settle on.
M stock V stock = M dilute V dilute
25ml* 6M = M* 1L * 1000ML/1L
25Ml*6M/1000Ml = M
M dilute = 0.15M
Concentration of KOH = 0.15M
Therefore, the concentration of the KOH= 0.15M.
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In 1939, 740 migrant ship passengers were turned away from which city port, despite having immigration papers?
A. Barcelona
B. Miami
C. Berlin
D. London
In 1939, 740 migrant ship passengers were turned away from London city port, despite having immigration papers.
Why migrant ship passengers were turned away from London?In 1939, the passenger ship MS St. Louis was carrying 740 Jewish refugees who had fled Nazi-occupied Europe and were seeking asylum in the United States. The ship had been turned away from Cuba, and when it arrived in Miami, the U.S. government also refused to allow the passengers to disembark.
The ship then headed to Canada and was turned away from Montreal. Finally, it arrived in the port of London, where it was also denied permission to land. The passengers were forced to return to Europe, and many of them later died in the Holocaust. The incident is a tragic example of the difficulties faced by Jewish refugees during World War II and the lack of political will to provide them with a safe haven.
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What is ΔH∘rxn for the following chemical reaction? CO(g)+NH3(g)→HCN(g)+H2O(g) You can use the following table of standard heats of formation (ΔH∘f) to calculate the enthalpy of the given reaction.
45.1KJ is the enthalpy of the given reaction.
The formation reaction of CO,NH3,HCN,H2O are-
C+ 1/2 O2 =CO,ΔH=-110.5KJ1/2 N2 + 3/2 H2 = NH3,ΔH=-45.90KJ1/2 H2 + 1/2 N2 +C = HCN, ΔH=130.5KJH2 + 1/2 O2 = H2O, ΔH= -241.8KJThus to attain the given equilibrium we reverse the equation 1 and 2 the add with 3 and 4. So ΔH of total reaction is 45.1KJ.
What is standard enthalpy of reaction?
The enthalpy change that takes place when 1 mole of a substance is created from its component elements in their standard states is known as the standard enthalpy of formation. A pure element has a standard enthalpy of production of 0 in its normal state.
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When a diver swims from deep below the water's surface, up toward the surface, what happens to the pressure on their body and thus also in their blood?
The pressure stays the same
The pressure decreases
The pressure increases
Answer:
Pressure Increases With Depth The weight of the water above a diver exerts pressure on their body. The deeper a diver descends, the more water they have above them, and the more pressure it exerts on their body.
Explanation:
Considering only ions with charges of +1, +2, -1 and -2, or neutral atoms, give the symbols for 4 species that are isoelectronic with the telluride ion, Te2-.
Since chlorine only has 17 electrons, the atoms 1+ and 2+ require argon & potassium, that have 18 and 19 electrons, respectively. We require the atoms S- & P-2, which have 16 & 15 electrons respectively, for 1 and 2.
What is the charge?When the number of protons within the nucleus is different from the amount of electrons around that nucleus, an electrical charge is created in the atom of matter. A negative charge is present in an atom if it contains more electrons than protons. A positive charge is present in an atom if there are more protons than electrons.
What is the name of the SI unit of charge?Ampere-second or Coulomb are the SI units for measuring charge.
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a sample of n2o5 was placed in an evacuated container and the reaction repreented above occurred. the value of p
There are more actual collisions between the reactant particles. We anticipate that the first step is the rate-determining step if the rate law is rate=k[A][B].
[C] has no effect on the reaction rate. On the other hand, we anticipate the second step to be the rate-determining step if the rate law is rate=k[A]B]C]. The following is the empirically discovered rate rule for ozone depletion: k [O3] = rate. A mechanism must be in accordance with the rate law discovered through experiment. The number of collisions increases as the temperature rises. The frequency of reactant collisions increases as a reactant's concentration rises, which in turn accelerates the rate of the reaction.
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How many grams of Calcium are in
2.17 x 10^25 atoms in Calcium?
Answer:
36 grams of Calcium
Explanation:
In order to calculate the gram of calcium, divide the total number of Calcium atoms by Avogadro's number:
(2.17 x 10^25)/(6.02 x 10^23) =
2.17/6.02 * 10^25/10^23 =
2.17/6.02 * 10^25/10^23 =
0.36 * 10^(25-23) =
0.36 * 10^2 =
0.36 * 100 = 36 grams of Calcium
Suppose that 0.610 mol of methane, CH4(g), is reacted with 0.760 mol of fluorine, F2(g), forming CF4(g) and HF(g) as sole products. Assuming that the reaction occurs at constant pressure, how much heat (in kJ) is released?
The reaction occurs at constant pressure, - 385.89 kJ amount of heat is released during the reaction.
The heat released by any reaction will be calculated as:
ΔH = ΔH of products - ΔH of reactants
Given chemical reaction is:
2CH₄ + 5F₂ → 2CF₄ + 2HF
From the stoichiometry of the reaction, it is clear that,
2 moles of CH₄ = react with 5 moles of F₂
1 moles of CH₄ = react with 5/2 moles of F₂
So, 0.610 moles of CH₄ = react with 0.610×5/2=1.525 moles of F₂
Given moles of F₂ = 0.760moles, which is less as compared to the calculated moles so for this reaction F₂ is the limiting reactant.
From the stoichiometry:
5 moles of F₂ = produce 2 moles of CF₄ & HF each
0.760 moles of F₂ = produce 2/5×0.760=0. 304moles of CF₄ & HF each
From the stoichiometry of the reaction, it is also clear that 0.. 304 moles of CF₄ & HF each require 0.176 moles of CH₄.
We know that the value of heat of formation of the below molecules is as:
CF₄ = -74.8kJ/mole
HF = -271.1 kJ/mole
CF₄ = -925.0 kJ/mole
F₂ = 0
Now we put all these values on the above equation with their respective moles, and we get
ΔH = (0.176 x -271.1 kJ/mole + 0.176 x -925 kJ/mole) - (0.176 x -74.8 kJ/mole) = - 389.95 kJ
Hence, - 385.89 kJ amount of heat is released.
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Choose the answer which best describes what type of solid the eiements and compounds below form, inthat order CH3OH BaBr2 diamond
a. ionic, network, molecular metalic b. network, molecular, ionic, metalic c. atomic, molecular, ionic, network d. network, molecular, ionic, metalic
e. atomic, molecular, ionic, network
The answer which best describes type of solid the elements and compounds below form, in that order Kr , CH₃OH , BaBr₂ , Diamond are : the correct option is e ) atomic , molecular , ionic , network.
The solid Kr is atomic in nature. Kr is represent the atom. The compound CH₃OH is of molecular type. the OH group is attached to the carbon atom with covalent bond. so, CH₃OH is the molecular compound. The compound BaBr₂ is the ionic compound , the bond present in the BaBr₂ is the ionic compound, that is the bond formed by the complete transfer of the electron. The diamond is the example of the network solid.
Thus, the correct option is : atomic , molecular , ionic , network.
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Hybridization was introduced to explain molecular structure when the valence bond theory failed to correctly predict them. It is experimentally observed that bond angles in organic compounds are close to 109°, 120°, or 180°. According to Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory, electron pairs repel each other and the bonds and lone pairs around a central atom are generally separated by the largest possible angles.
According to VSEPR theory , bond angles in organic compounds are generally close to 109°, 120° or 180°.
Hybridization is defined as the mixing of two atomic orbitals which give rise to a new hybridized molecular orbital.
The hybrid orbitals so formed are different in energies and shapes. Equal energy atomic orbitals take part in hybridization. Since, valence bond theory failed to correctly predict the molecular structure, hybridization helps to understand the concept of bond formation, bond energies and bond lengths.
The shape of a molecule can be predicted from the electron pairs that surround the central atom by using Valence Shell Electron Pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory. This theory is based on the assumption that for a molecule to take a shape, its electronic repulsion should be minimized. That is why, according to experimental findings the angles between atoms of organic compounds are generally close to 109°, 120° or 180°.
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