Which is true about water molecules?


A. Water molecules are polar, meaning they have partial negative and positive charges.

B. Water molecules are polar, meaning they have a net partial negative charge.

C. Water molecules are nonpolar, meaning they do not interact with each other.

D. Water molecules are nonpolar, meaning their charges balance each other out.

Explanation:

Subunits of protein called capsomers

in a group of 500 people, the frequency of genotype nn is 40%. assuming both autosomal inheritance and that the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium, 232  individuals would you expect to have the mn genotype.

A genotype is heritable genes passes from parents to offspring; These genes involve in encoding specific features and the characteristics can be physically expressed in an organism called as phenotype.

The genotypes of the gene can be present in three form on the basis of allele arrangement such as homozygous dominant (PP), Heterozygous (Pp) and Homozygous recessive (pp).

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The correct order of translation going by the illustration would be 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 6.

The translation is a process of gene expression during which the genetic codes in an mRNA chain are translated to their respective amino acids which are then linked by peptide bonds to form proteins.

The first step in the translation process is the binding of mRNA to the ribosome. The rRNA then reads the start codon on the mRNA to signal the beginning of the translation process.

Another RNA, the tRNA carrying anticodons then begins to match up with the complimentary codons on the mRNA, releasing the respective amino acid for each codon in the process.

The ribosome creates a bond between successive amino acids while the chain of amino acids continues to grow until the stop codon is reached. Thereafter, the amino acid chain is folded into protein.

Thus, the correct order of the process is 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 6.

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loosely aggregated dna bound to proteins in a eukaryotic cell is called as chromatin. when the cell divides, this condenses into chromosomes.

Special proteins (histones) in the nucleus bundle the DNA double helix into a structure known as chromatin. To create the chromosome, the chromatin goes through further condensation. Because of this, chromosomes are the higher order of DNA organization while chromatin is of a lower order. The number of chromosomal pairs in an organism is used to measure its genetic makeup. Humans contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, for instance. The majority of live cells include a compact structure of nucleic acids and proteins called a nucleus that houses genes, which convey genetic information.

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Glycolysis, which provides energy by breaking down carbohydrates like glucose, relates to activities lasting  Option A.  Generally less than 3 minutes.

Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that breaks down glucose into two 3-carbon compounds and generates electricity. Glucose is trapped through phosphorylation, with the help of the enzyme hexokinase. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used in this reaction and the product, glucose-6-P, inhibits hexokinase.

Carbohydrates, or carbs, are sugar molecules. together with proteins and fat, carbohydrates are one of 3 fundamental vitamins located in food and drink. Your frame breaks down carbohydrates into glucose. Glucose, or blood sugar, is the main supply of power on your body's cells, tissues, and organs.

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The area of the lumen that will be available for the flow of blood would be 6.908  [tex]mm^2[/tex].

The area of the lumen is given by:

π[tex]r^2[/tex]

The diameter of a surface is usually the radius multiplied by 2. Thus with 4.0 mm diameter, the radius can be calculated as:

4.0/2 = 2 mm

Using this to calculated the area of the lumen:

Area of lumen = 3.14 x 2 x 2

                        = 12.56 [tex]mm^2[/tex]

In other words, the area of the lumen when it is completely free is 12.56 [tex]mm^2[/tex]. However, 45% of this area has been blocked by the deposition of cholesterol.

45/100 x 12.56 = 5.652  [tex]mm^2[/tex]

The area of the lumen that is available for blood flow would then be:

12.56 - 5.652 = 6.908  [tex]mm^2[/tex]

In other words, the area of the lumen that would be available for blood flow is  6.908  [tex]mm^2[/tex].

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When a population colonizes a new area, growth is initially slow, and this phenomenon is called the "lag phase," which is present in the second option.

The growth curve indicates the growth of the individual in the ecosystem, and generally there are four phases, such as the lag phase, which is a slow growth phase, and it shows the slow growth as an organism newly starts to grow, and then the exponential growth is seen as there is enough food and space available, and then after reaching the carrying capacity, the growth slows down.

Hence, when a population colonizes a new area, growth is initially slow, and this phenomenon is called the "lag phase," which is present in the second option..

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According to the picture, the conclusion that statins reduce the risk of cardiovascular heart attacks is not definitive because we need to have  statistically significant data results in order to reach such conclusion.

Statistically, significant data results can be defined as any type of data based on statistics that can only be obtained by using an N sample that is big enough to reach some type of conclusion regarding experimental data.

According to the picture, we can not be conclusive about data because we need to calculate the statistically significant parameters such as the p-value in order to determine if the data adjusts to the working hypothesis (in this case statins reduce the risk of cardiovascular heart attacks).

Therefore, with this data, we can see that statistically significant data results are fundamental to reaching any type of conclusion after experimental research.

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In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria and mice, Griffith discovered that some substance from pathogenic cells was transferred to nonpathogenic cells, resulting in their pathogenicity.

Bacteria are the microorganisms that are present everywhere on the Earth. These are the living organisms that occurs in various shapes and strains. Bacteria can be good ones as well as bad ones. The good bacteria help in food digestion, nitrogen fixation, etc. And the bad ones cause infection or severe diseases.

Pathogenic refers to the capability of causing disease. If an organism is pathogenic, it depicts that it can cause disease. Bacteria, virus, protozoans can be pathogenic in nature.

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Answer:

bacteria that cause periodontal disease adhere to teeth.

Explanation:

The polarity-based collision with aqueous blood causes glucose, which is primarily composed of hydrogen and oxygen as well as carbon, to dissolve in the blood.

Glucose is defined as a straightforward sugar having the chemical formula C6H12O6. The most prevalent monosaccharide, a type of carbohydrate, is glucose. The bloodstream carries glucose to the cells.

Lipids are mostly composed of carbon and hydrogen, which prevents the same attraction from occurring and renders them intractable. It can be packaged and transparent with lipoproteins thanks to its simplified architecture.

Thus, the polarity-based collision with aqueous blood causes glucose, which is primarily composed of hydrogen and oxygen as well as carbon, to dissolve in the blood.

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the purpose of protonephridia in flatworms is To regulate fluid balance

Protonephridia are groups of flame cells. A flame cell is a type of excretory cell observed in relatively simple freshwater invertebrates, such as flatworms, rotifers, and nemerteans; these are the only animals with a dedicated excretory system. Flame cells operate like a kidney, expelling waste materials.

Flatworm, also known as platyhelminth, any member of the phylum Platyhelminthes are a bunch of soft-bodied, flattened invertebrates.

The role of the protonephridia is the same as that of most excretory organs: after ultra filtration, substances from the lumen are reabsorbed in a more or less selective manner. The large surface area of the channel cell aids in reabsorption.

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Complete question :

What is the purpose of protonephridia in flatworms?

To exchange gas

To serve as a structure for sexual reproduction

To sense prey

To respond to stimuli

To regulate fluid balance

Answer:

microfossil

Explanation:

because it is not

The free energy that is released as electrons are passed from photosystem-ii through a series of electron carriers is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient.

When there are enough protons, the proton gradient controls the forming of ATP. So a gradient allows cells to save protons as "loose change," which makes all the difference — the distinction among growth and no growth, life and no life.

A proton gradient is formed between the intermembranous storage and the inner mitochondrial membrane by the Krebs cycle. The energy required to move the proton through the ATP synthase is provided by this proton gradient. Without a proton gradient, protons will not circulate through ATP synthase, and thus no ATP will be produced.

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Option -E: To examine meiosis in ferns, you would study the sporangia. A sporangium is a structure in certain plants and other organisms that is charged with making and storing spores.    

Spore mother cells divide within the sporangia to produce spores. The spores are produced by a type of cell division known as meiosis. A single diploid parent cell divides to produce four haploid daughter cells during meiosis. Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms and results in a reduction in the number of chromosomes in gametes.

Meiosis, also known as "reduction division," reduces the number of chromosomes to half the normal number so that when sperm and egg fuse, the baby has the correct number.

Meiosis occurs in primordial germ cells, which are distinct from the body's normal somatic cells and are designed for sexual reproduction. A germ cell goes through interphase, which is when the entire cell replicates in preparation for meiosis.

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Option B: removes the faulty gene and replaces it with a working gene,  best explains the use of DNA technology in curing genetic diseases with gene therapy

Gene therapy is a medical strategy that addresses the underlying genetic issue in order to treat or prevent disease. Instead of utilizing drugs or surgery, gene therapy procedures allow doctors to treat a problem by changing a person's genetic composition.

The first gene therapy technique, also known as gene transfer or gene addition, was created to:

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Option c is Correct. The afferent neuron sends stimuli to the brain and spinal cord from receptor sites on the sensory organs.

What functions do afferent neurons perform?

The nerve fibers that carry sensory data from the outside environment into the brain are known as afferent neurons, also referred to as sensory neurons. Special senses like vision, hearing, smell, or taste, as well as the senses of touch, pain, and temperature, can all play a role in sensory information. Afferent neurons are frequently connected to specialized sensory receptors that are divided into groups based on the stimuli to which they respond.

The sensory afferent neurons transmit information about an external stimulus that is detected by the sensory receptors (such as touching a hot pan) up the spinal cord to the brain, where association neurons will determine how to respond. The motor efferent neurons will then interact with those association neurons to deliver information down the spinal cord and out to the muscles, instructing them on what action to make (e.g., pulling away from the hot pan).

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Correct Question:

What receives stimuli from receptor sites in the sensory organs and transmits them to the brain and spinal cord?

a. Efferent neuron

b. Associative neuron

c. Afferent neuron

d. Glial cell

B. Forming a hypothesis

Mike is forming a hypothesis that the seasons are caused by Earth moving around the Sun. A hypothesis is an educated guess or prediction about something, based on available evidence. In this case, Mike is making a prediction about the cause of the seasons, but he has not yet tested or confirmed his hypothesis.

Option A) True , that reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates produced by phagocytic cells are effective in killing invading microorganisms.

Superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals are examples of reactive oxygen species that have long been thought to limit bacterial development in crucial microorganisms environments and even to shape microorganisms communities. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can harm the fundamental components of a cell, such as DNA, protein, and lipids. An enzyme called a NO synthase converts L-arginine into the reactive nitrogen intermediate (RNI) nitric oxide (NO. ), microorganisms is then followed by secondary reactions that result in the formation of the hazardous intermediates nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate. But nitrite also has hazardous qualities.

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Missense—A change in a single nucleotide that results in a changed codon that codes for a different amino acid, will have an effect on the protein produced by the gene in which the mutation occurs.

A genetic change in which the genetic code is changed by a single base pair substitution, resulting in the production of an amino acid that differs from the typical amino acid at that site. Some missense variants (or mutations) change how a protein functions. referred to as a missense variant.

A missense mutation happens when a mistake in the DNA coding causes a change in one of the DNA base pairs, such as when A is substituted for C.

This one modification, known as a substitution, causes the DNA to now encode for a new amino acid. Sometimes, altering an amino acid has no impact whatsoever on how the resulting protein functions. A change in amino acid can sometimes improve a protein's ability to perform its function, but it can also make the protein appear to be "faulty" in other situations.

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Answer:

Red RR

Orange RY

Yellow YY

percentage of Red := 50%

Explanation:

note that this is related with Codominance.

therefore RY gives out an Orange dragon.

to find the cross between a Red and an orange we can use punnet square:

it will give RR, RR, RY, RY

so, 2/4 are Red. that means it is 50%

option b

The repeating unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the myofibril.

At an archeological site, you discover a bone that is cylindrical in shape,  An a quarter of an inch wide is classified as Option c) long.

Archaeology is the study of the past of humanity via tangible artefacts. Any item that people developed, altered, or utilised can be considered one of these remains.

Typically, artefacts are portable remains. Tools, apparel, and ornaments are examples of artefacts. Features are immobile remains, such as postholes or pyramids.

Archaeologists study artefacts and landscape elements to understand how humans lived in particular eras and locations. They are interested in how these people lived their daily lives, how they were governed, how they interacted with one another, and what their beliefs and values were.

Sometimes, the only indicators of an ancient culture or civilisation are artefacts and traits. We cannot read about prehistoric civilizations since no written records of them have survived.

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The predicted precipitation for the Salem, OR, area is mixed precipitation, as shown in purple and as shown in the second option, and on the map, different geographical areas are shown.

The map is important as it explains the different regions of the earth and their climate, geographic behavior, etc. and gives an idea of population, animals, plants, and human behavior. Depending upon the map, the biodiversity, the rain pattern, etc. are seen.

Hence, the predicted precipitation for the Salem, OR, area is mixed precipitation, as shown in purple and as shown in the second option, and on the map, different geographical areas are shown.

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DNA replication results in the formation of 2 identical copies of a cell's genome.

Replication is the process of making identical copies of the DNA. It occurs in the nucleus of the eukaryotic organism and in the nucleoid of the prokaryotes. The most essential enzyme required for replication is DNA polymerase. Each strand of DNA acts as a template for replication to occur.

Genome refers to the complete genetic material of an organism. Each cell of an organism's body is composed of the entire genome in its nucleus. The genome is composed of the entire double-stranded DNA composed of various multiple genes.

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Answer:

Mitosis

Explanation:

Since all the cells in the offspring begin with the two parental gametes, every cell in the body of the offspring will contain the mutation. When a mutation occurs during mitosis, the organism in which the mutation occurs is affected.

The study of the distribution of plants and animals, the diverse spatial patterns they create, and the physical and biological processes that produce earth's species richness is called Biogeography.

Species are the lowermost level of classification in the hierarchy of classification of organisms. It consists of similar type of organisms that occupy the same habitat and require same resources. The most important criteria to be called as the same species is the ability to breed among themselves and produce an offspring similar to them.

Biogeography enables to study the distribution as well as the reason for distribution of the organisms on different parts of the earth. There are three main fields of biogeography. They are:  1) historical, 2) ecological, and 3) conservation.

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Flying squirrels (same species) competing with each other for truffles is an example of intraspecific competition.

When individuals from the same species have an impact on the growth as well as reproduction of other members of the same species by sharing limited resources. The scramble competition. When competition depletes a resource with an equal impact on all members of a species.

Intraspecific competition seems to be competition between members of the same species, such as emperor penguins competing for nesting grounds. Interspecific competition occurs when two or more species compete for the same carcass, such as vultures and wild dogs. Natural systems have a tendency to progress toward greater disorder but rather randomness. Entropy is a measure of a system's degree of randomness as well as disorder.

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