Our cells have a signaling pathway that begins with an insulin receptor that results in a cellular response to regulate blood glucose levels. Type one diabetes is caused by destruction of beta cells in the pancreas to produce insulin. Which of the following best explains how insulin injections affect signal transduction in an individual type 1 diabetes?
a) they allow alternate signaling transduction pathways to control glucose levels
b) they open channels to allow signaling molecules to enter pancreatic cells
c) they provide a signaling molecule to begin the signal transduction pathway
d) they serve as second messengers to regulate glucose uptake by cells
The option (b) is correct- they open channels to allow signaling molecules to enter pancreatic cells.
What is insulin ?
The hormone insulin lowers the blood level of glucose, a type of sugar. The pancreatic beta cells create and release glucose when the blood glucose level rises, such as after eating.
What is glucose ?
The major sugar present in your blood is known as blood sugar or glucose. All of your body's cells receive glucose from your blood to utilize as fuel. Blood sugar levels that are too high are a symptom of diabetes.
Therefore, option (b) is correct- they open channels to allow signaling molecules to enter pancreatic cells.
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which of these places is most likely to have no bacteria present? question 31 options: floor of a damp cellar farm pond human respiratory system inside of a pizza oven
Inside of a pizza oven. Bacteria are limited in their ability to withstand heat, like the majority of living things.
Food-borne bacteria can be eliminated by a pizza oven. The majority of food produced in a pizza oven would come out with the majority of the bacteria or virus on it gone, but this does not mean the food has been entirely sterilised. Both bacterial spores and heat-stable bacterial toxins cannot be destroyed by a pizza oven.
Naturally, baking destroys any bacteria that may be on a pizza. The explanation is that an oven, even a pizza oven, is one environment where bacteria and other germs cannot survive because of the high temperatures.
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A cell's ___ is where its RNA is.
Answer:
cytoplasm
Explanation:
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is found in the cytoplasm and has a complex shape. It is responsible for carrying amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome surface, ready to make a protein as instructed by the mRNA.
Your friend Rashid wants to start a new business and has requested you to help him out in pricing his product. His invested capital is $7000, and he anticipates that the average cost of producing 500 units of his product is $100. He wants at least a 10% return on invested capital. On hearing this, you immediately ask him to use the targeted rate of return method for pricing. Based on this method, what price would ask him to set for his product?
The price that Rashid should set for his product is $104.
What price would be set for his product?In this case, Rashid wants to start a new business and has requested you to help him out in pricing his product. His invested capital is $7000, and he anticipates that the average cost of producing 500 units of his product is $100.
By taking the invested capital, dividing it by the quantity of units produced, and multiplying it by the target rate of return (in this case, 10%), the targeted rate of return method determines the price of a product.
7000 / 500 = 14
14 x 10% = 1.4
14 + 1.4 = 15.4
15.4 / 500 = 0.0308
0.0308 x 500 = 104
The price will be $104.
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In hamsters, the allele for a brown coat color (B) dominates over the allele for a tan coat color (b). If a tan hamster is crossed with a heterozygous brown hamster, which of the following genotypic ratios can be expected? (B.6F) Question 6 options: 2 BB: 0 Bb: 2 bb 1 BB: 2 Bb: 1 bb 2 BB: 1 Bb: 0bb 0 BB: 2 Bb: 2 bb
The genotypic ratios when hamsters are crossed is Half brown, half tan, half brown, half tan. The allele of parent of brown is: Bb Tan parent allele is bb. The result when crossed is: Bb, bb, Bb, bb.
What is dominant allele?Dominance is a phenomena in genetics when one version of a gene on one copy of a chromosome obscures or overrides another version of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome. Dominant refers to the first variant, and recessive to the second.
What is recessive allele?A particular allele that, when present alone, has no effect on the person is known as recessive allele. The expression of the trait requires the presence of two copies of the allele.
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which pathogen:description pair among a-e is incorrectly matched? a. treponema pallidum: can become a latent infection that later results in shingles b. staphylococcus aureus: some strains form exotoxins that cause gastroenteritis c. streptococcus mutans: gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic pathogen that can cause cavities in your teeth. d. streptococcus pneumoniae: primary cause of bacterial pneumonia among humans e. yersinia pestis: vector borne disease that causes a systemic infection. f. a-e are all correctly matched
Option (a) is correct. Treponema palladium can become a latent infection that later results in shingles is incorrectly matched.
Treponema palladium is a bacterium that
causes the STD known as syphilis. Without
a proper treatment, syphilis can have
detrimental repercussions on one's health. Treponema palladium can become a latent infection that later results in shingles is incorrectly matched.
By coming into contact with a chancre,
or sore, that is characteristic of syphilis, a
person can contract the disease. Cancers
can develop in, on, or near the lips, mouth,
rectum, etc. The spread of syphilis can
occur through oral, or vaginal intercourse.
Syphilis can potentially be passed from a
pregnant woman to her unborn child. Syphilis can spread to an unborn child when a pregnant person has it. Syphilis testing ought to be done on all expectant women at their initial prenatal appointment. At birth and during the third trimester (28 weeks gestation), some people will require additional testing. This includes those
who reside in places with high syphilis prevalence or who are susceptible to
contracting the disease while pregnant.
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These trees for six different groups of organisms for (A ) tree frogs, (B ) caecilians, (C ) uropeltid snakes,
(D ) freshwater fishes, (E ) freshwater shrimps, and (F ) freshwater crabs are all colored based on whether the species come from mainland India or Sri Lanka. Assuming these trees and the reconstruction of ancestral geographic distributions are accurate, which of the trees includes a single well-supported migration from Sri Lanka back to southern India?
These trees for six different groups of organisms for (A ) tree frogs, and (F ) freshwater crabs are all colored based on whether the species come from mainland India or Sri Lanka.
Freshwater environments in the tropics support a variety of indigenous wildlife, including freshwater crabs, but many of these species are now in immediate danger due to habitat loss and degradation. The condition of freshwater crabs is unknown, but research on freshwater fish and amphibians indicates that between one-third and fifty percent of the species in some tropical freshwaters are either extinct or endangered. With 1280 species worldwide, freshwater crabs account for one-fifth of all brachyurans.
As a result, we conducted a thorough IUCN Red List assessment of freshwater crabs, the first time a research of this kind has been undertaken globally for any group of freshwater invertebrates. Unexpectedly high threat levels were found when the conservation status of every known species from the Americas, Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australasia was examined.
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if the human pancreas is not functional. name the hormone that is deficient
Answer:
The deficient hormone would be insulin.
Explanation:
If insulin is deficient, you are at risk of getting type 2 diabetes.
2. What is happening on section A of the graph? Justify your reasoning. Include a term to
describe this part of the graph.
3. What is happening on section B of the graph? Justify your reasoning. Include a term to
describe this part of the graph
In section A of the graph the number of sales per year is increasing continuously. While in section the the sale is decreasing.
What is graph?Graph is defined as a visual depiction or diagram that shows information or values in an ordered way. Graphs and charts are useful visual aids because they make information accessible and quick to understand.
Using bar graphs, numbers that are unrelated to one another can be displayed. Pie charts to illustrate the division of a whole into its component components. You can see how numbers have changed over time in line graphs.
Thus, in section A of the graph the number of sales per year is increasing continuously. While in section the the sale is decreasing.
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the image below shows types of cellular transport identified as passive transport. which statement below is true concerning passive transport?
In a natural flow, substances travel from high- to low-concentration locations.
Passive transport is what kind of transportation is it?Ions and molecules migrate along their respective concentration gradients during passive transport, a kind of cellular transport. The drug has a tendency to travel from a region of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, according to this.
In reality, molecules migrate along their concentration gradient; passive transport just expedites this motion or permits molecules to traverse the membrane that would not otherwise be able to do so.
The lungs' alveoli, where oxygen is found, are where it diffuses into the blood's erythrocytes and plasma. Molecules travel from a high concentration to a low concentration through a process known as diffusion.
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describe the arbor vitae, including its makeup, location, and function. (module 13.6b) describe the arbor vitae, including its makeup, location, and function. (module 13.6b) the arbor vitae is gray matter of the cerebellum that interconnects pontine nuclei with the opposite cerebellar hemisphere. the arbor vitae is white matter of the cerebellum that carries communications between the cerebellum and pons. the arbor vitae is white matter of the cerebellum that connects the cerebellar cortex and nuclei with cerebellar peduncles. the arbor vitae is white matter of the cerebellum that links the cerebellum with the medulla oblongata and spinal cord. the arbor vitae is white matter of the cerebellum that connects the cerebellum with the midbrain, diencephalon, and cerebrum.
The arbor vitae is the white matter of the cerebellum that connects the cerebellar cortex and nuclei with cerebellar peduncles.
The arbor vitae is primarily made up of myelinated axons, which aid in the transmission of nerve impulses throughout the body. Myelinated axons are white with a faint pink tint. The pinkish hue is caused by the myelin sheath, which surrounds and safeguards the axons.
Arbor vitae is the greatest white matter found in the cerebellum's center. It gets its name from its branched, tree-like presentation. It is essential for arm and leg coordination, as well as any action requiring hand-eye coordination.
The arbor vitae is deep within the cerebellum. The deep cerebellar nuclei, as well as the dentate, globose, emboliform, and fastigial nuclei, are located within the arbor vitae. These four distinct structures give rise to the cerebellum's efferent projections.
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Nerve impulses leading to the brain carry information about cool temperatures on the skin. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system?
A) Sensory (afferent) division.
B) Motor (efferent) division.
C) Sympathetic division.
D) Parasympathetic division.
The nerve fibers sending Nerve impulses leading to the brain carry information about cool temperatures on the skin will most likely belong to Sensory (afferent) division of the central nervous system.
The afferent division, also known as the sensory division, transfers impulses from peripheral organs to the CNS. The efferent or motor division sends impulses from the CNS to the peripheral organs in order to produce an effect or action.
Sensory neurons collect and transmit necessary data from the skin, fascia, skeletal muscles, joints, and special senses to the central nervous system. These neurons are referred to as afferent since they initiate action potentials in the direction of the central nervous system.
The sensory nervous system is divided into two parts: somatic and visceral. The somatic division transmits sensory information from the skin, skeletal muscle, bone, tendons, and other tissues. Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and organ glands send sensory information to the visceral division.
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What is the pH in az phoenix ecosystem? 50 points
The pH in Arizona phoenix ecosystem is 7 - 8 .
Explain phoenix ecosystem.
The Valley of the Sun, commonly known as the Phoenix metropolitan area, which is a portion of the Salt River Valley, is centered on Phoenix. The state of Arizona in the United States has Phoenix as its capital and largest city.
The largest city in America in this climate zone, Phoenix has a hot desert climate resembling that of the Sonoran Desert. Phoenix features short, pleasant winters and long, extremely scorching summers. The city is located in one of the sunniest parts of the planet, with sunshine duration that rivals that of the Sahara.
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which ribosome may terminate transcription unit in prokaryotes
Answer:
Transcription is Protein Synthesis
Explanation:
DNA to mRNA is by the ribosome Protein Synthesis
a system of records notice is not required if an organization determines that pii will be stored using a system of records. T/F
False, a system of records notice is not required if an organization determines that pii will be stored using a system of records.
A system of record (SOR) or source system of record (SSoR) in data management is an information storage system (usually implemented on a computer system running a database management system) that acts as the authoritative data source for a particular data element or piece of information. The need to identify systems of record may become critical in organisations where management information systems have been established by taking output data from several source systems, processing this data again, and then expressing the result for a new business application. In certain circumstances, different information systems may disagree about the same piece of information. The time of the extract, transform, and load procedures, as well as these variances in viewpoint and the use of different sources.
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According to MacArthur and Wilson's hypothesis of island biogeography, species immigration and extinction rates on a particular island correlate to _____.
According to MacArthur and Wilson's hypothesis of island biogeography, species immigration and extinction rates on a particular island correlate to the island's size and distance from the mainland.
In 1967, MacArthur and Wilson proposed the Theory of Island Biogeography, which suggested that the size of the island and its distance from the mainland determine the number of species and their extinction rates.
The following are their recommendations:
1. There are fewer species on the islands that are further from the mainland than on the mainland that is closest.
2. When compared to the larger island, the smaller island has a higher rate of species extinction.
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Approximately _____ of the variability amongst individuals'personalities is believed to be attributed to genetic factors.
As per twin examinations, around 40-60% of the change in the Large Five is heritable,5, 6, 7 with some cross-over in heritability between character qualities themselves.
In many diseases genetic factors are significant. This implies that part, or the gamble, is all passed down from one's folks. Certain sicknesses are brought about by an irregularity in one single quality and CADASIL is one of these illnesses.
For instance, qualities are the reason one youngster has light hair like their mom, while their kin have earthy colored hair like their dad. Qualities likewise decide why a few sicknesses run in families and whether children will be male or female.
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Baby timothy suffers from apnea and is hooked up to a monitor to warn his parents when he stops breathing. timothy's dad snores very loudly. timothy's condition differs from his father's in that infant apnea is...
Baby timothy suffers from apnea and is hooked up to a monitor to warn his parents when he stops breathing. timothy's dad snores very loudly. timothy's condition differs from his father's in that infant apnea is a central problem of respiratory control.
Sleep apnea is a potentially dangerous sleep disorder in which respiration stops and starts repeatedly. You may have sleep apnea if you snore loudly and feel exhausted even after a full night's sleep.
Central sleep apnea takes place when your brain fails to send appropriate messages to the muscles that regulate your breathing during sleep. This is not the same as obstructive sleep apnea, in which you can't breathe usually due to upper airway obstruction. Obstructive sleep apnea is more common than central sleep apnea.
Snoring loudly and extreme tiredness even after a full night's sleep are symptoms. Losing weight and the usage of a breathing assistance device at night, such as a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine, are common treatments.
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Is the pictured leaf most likely from a monocot or from a dicot?
Answer:the question is inappropriate
Explanation:
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Himalayan rabbits are a breed of rabbits with highly variable fur color. If genetically similar rabbits are raised in environments that have different temperature conditions, the rabbits can have different color patterns.
Which of the following statements best explains how the fur color can be different in Himalayan rabbits raised under different temperature conditions?
The environment determines how the genotype is expressed. The environment influences gene activity, which leads to a change in the phenotype of fur color.
Coloration of the fur of Himalayan rabbits is regulated by gene C. The rabbit raised at 20°C (left) has pigmentation on its ears, nose, and paws because the gene is active when environmental temperatures are between 15 and 25°C. These areas are where the rabbit's body loses the most heat. Because gene C is dormant at temperatures above 30°C, the rabbit raised in this environment (on the right) lacks fur pigmentation.
Gene expression for fur color in Himalayan rabbits is influenced by temperature. The follicle cells taken from Himalayan rabbits tend to die when kept at warmer temperatures. Himalayan rabbits use fur color to communicate fitness during the breeding season.
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based on the second law of thermodynamics, how much biomass of phytoplankton would be needed to produce
In this food chain, 1,000kg are needed to create kg of (kg) of huge fish.
NOTE:The complete question is- 1 kilogram (kg) of large fish in this food web?
How do you calculate phytoplankton?It is common practice to calculate phytoplankton biomass utilizing connections between cell volume, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) contents which have been established using a variety of plankton that range in size by several orders of magnitude.
Why could zooplankton biomass be higher than that of phytoplankton?Because zooplanktons are lighter and smaller in size than phytoplankton, their biomass is higher that of the latter.In addition, they spend the daytime in the shadows of water bodies and come to the surface at night to graze on phytoplankton.
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Roger, a police officer, takes Iqbal into custody for questioning just because Iqbal is an Arab American. Roger is of the belief that all members of Iqbal's ethnic community are violent. In this scenario, Roger's actions best illustrates ________.a. ethnic paradoxb. blended identityc. reverse discriminationd. racial profiling
Roger, a police officer, takes Iqbal into custody for questioning just because Iqbal is an Arab American. Roger is of the belief that all members of Iqbal's ethnic community are violent. In this scenario, Roger's actions best illustrates racial profiling.
Compare/contrast the motor impulse going to a somatic muscle and the motor impulse going to a visceral organ and give the differences between the two pathways. Use a chart similar to the one below to record your points about each. Feel free to reduce or add addition blocks if needed. A. Motor impulses to a somatic muscle originate in the anterior gray horn, goes to voluntary muscles and involves only the preganglionic fiber, whereas the motor impulse to visceral organs originate in the lateral gray hor, goes to glands and organs, and can involve only the preganglionic fiber or both the pre- and post- ganglionic fibers. B. Motor impulses to a somatic muscle originate in the lateral gray horn, goes to involuntary muscles and involves the pre- and post-ganglionic fibers, whereas the motor impulse to visceral organs originate in the anterior gray horn, goes to voluntary muscles, and involves only the preganglionic fiber. C. Motor impulses to a somatic muscle originate in the anterior gray hom, goes to voluntary muscles and involves only the preganglionic fiber, whereas the motor impulse to visceral organs originate in the lateral gray hom, goes to glands and organs, and can involve only the pre- and post- ganglionic fibers. 17. Would a low calcium diet influence the contraction of a muscle? A. No because sodium is the ion that takes the message into the cell. Calcium is only important for going into the neuron to cause the release of AcH. B. No because sodium is the ion that takes the message into the cell. Calcium is not use in the process of muscle contraction C. Yes because calcium is needed to uncover the active site on actin so that the cross bridges can form and start the sliding process.
Motor impulses to a somatic muscle originate in the anterior gray horn, goes to voluntary muscles and involves only the preganglionic fiber, whereas the motor impulse to visceral organs originate in the lateral gray hor, goes to glands and organs, and can involve only the preganglionic fiber or both the pre- and post- ganglionic fibers.
The motor system is the set of central and peripheral structures in the nervous system that support motor functions, i.e. movement. Peripheral structures may include skeletal muscles and neural connections with muscle tissues. Central structures include cerebral cortex, brainstem, spinal cord, pyramidal system including the upper motor neurons, extrapyramidal system, cerebellum, and the lower motor neurons in the brainstem and the spinal cord.
Motor impulses to a somatic muscle originate in the anterior gray horn, goes to voluntary muscles and involves only the preganglionic fiber, whereas the motor impulse to visceral organs originate in the lateral gray hor, goes to glands and organs, and can involve only the preganglionic fiber or both the pre- and post- ganglionic fibers. The motor system is the set of central and peripheral structures in the nervous system that support motor functions, i.e. movement.
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a series of studies on mutants of Neurospora identified three classes of mutants that needed arginine added to minimal media in order to grow. The production of arginine includes the following steps: precursor → ornithine → citrulline → arginine. What nutrient(s) have to be supplied to the mutants that had a defective enzyme for the ornithine → citrulline step in order to grow?
a. the precursor
b. citrulline
c. the precursor, ornithine, and citrulline
d. either ornithine or citrulline
e. ornithine
Citrulline have to be supplied to the mutants of Neurospora that identified three classes of mutants that needed arginine added to minimal media that had a defective enzyme in order to grow.
The amino acid arginine is synthesized by first converting a precursor to ornithine, that is then transformed to citrulline, which is then converted to arginine. Every one of these three steps is controlled by a different enzyme, which is encoded by a different gene.
The synthetic pathway is undamaged in wild type Neurospora, and spores can thrive on minimal medium even without addition of amino acids. Some enzymes in the pathway are non-functional in mutant Neurospora, preventing spores from growing on minimal medium. All of the mutants in this section are referred to as arg- mutants because they all grow when the minimal medium is supplemented with arginine.
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which of the following properties helps explain why a city near the pacific ocean experiences less dramatic changes in temperature during the day compared to a city farther inland? I. Water forms hydrogen bonds.
II. Water has a low specific heat.
III. Water has high surface tension.
Water has a high specific heat.
Due to the high specific heat of water, which means that in order to slightly raise or slightly lower the temperature of water, respectively, a huge amount of heat must be removed, cities near the ocean experience less change and extreme temperature than inland cities.
Due to the fact that water warms up during the day far more slowly than concrete inland cities do, cities near the seaside have milder temperatures than those in inland areas. Ocean water cools down during the night much more slowly than concrete built upland cities. Because of this, the temperature in coastal cities doesn't drop as much, resulting in less of a difference between day and night time temperatures and less extreme temperatures than in inland cities.
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PLEASE I NEED HELP! Fungi break down dead matter. A container of carbon dioxide has its carbon tagged. In a sealed container there are plants, animals, and fungi. In what order would the tagged carbon be found?
Usain Bolt is a Jamaican former sprinter, widely considered to be the greatest sprinter of all time. He is a world record holder in the 100 meters, 200 meters and 4 × 100 meter relay.
a. Describe what Usain’s body has to break down and produce to enable him to run so fast?
Usain’s body has to breaks down glucose and produce energy to enable him to run so fast in the process of cellular respiration.
What is the process of cellular respiration?The process of cellular respiration is the process by which the body breaks down large food molecules in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP.
The major food molecule that the body breaks down to produce energy is glucose.
Glucose is the most readily available form of food molecules that the body used to produce energy in the form of ATP.
The equation of the breakdown of glucose to produce energy in presence of oxygen is given below as follows:
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ ---> 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + ATP
The process of the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP occurs in three metabolic pathways given below:
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a lion's body cells perform many tasks at once; for example, some cells are involved in growing new claws and some cells help the lion keep breathing. which statement tells the most important factor that allows cells to keep accomplishing their many tasks? responses cells contain dna from two individuals, and the combined dna is constantly resulting in genetic variation. cells contain , uppercase d n a, from two individuals, and the combined , uppercase d n a, is constantly resulting in genetic variation. cells are constantly producing usable energy in the form of atp. cells are constantly producing usable energy in the form of , uppercase a t p, . new cells are continuously being made from old ones in the process of meiosis. , , new cells are continuously being made from old ones in the process of meiosis., dna is transcribing into rna, and rna is translating into proteins.
The statement that best describes the most important factor that allows cells to keep accomplishing their many tasks is that Cells are constantly producing usable energy in the form of ATP.
ATP is also produced during the cellular respiration process in a cell's mitochondria. This can be accomplished through either aerobic respiration, which demands oxygen or anaerobic respiration, which does not. From glucose and oxygen, aerobic respiration generates ATP (as well as carbon dioxide and water).
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the cellular energy source for use and storage. ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate with the structure of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three sequentially bonded phosphate groups.
Our cells produce ATP in two ways: substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. Plants have one more. They use sunlight energy to produce ATP during photosynthesis.
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what are three substances that make up a cell wall? what is one detail for each substance?
The three substances that makes up a cell wall include the following: cellulose microfibrils, hemicellulose and pectin.
What is a cell wall?A cell wall is defined as the rough and flexible layer that surrounds mostly the cells of plants and they are made up of components that contributes to its rigidity.
The substances that makes up the cell wall include the following:
Cellulose microfibrils: This part of the cell wall is made up of cellulose which are arranged in orthogonal layers. The cellulose microfibrils are said to be the major components of the cell wall that provides mechanical strength.Hemicellulose: These are part of the cell wall that has polysaccharides which is composed of beta 1,4 linked backbone. This component provides mechanical strength together with the cellulose.Pectin. This is part of the cell wall that is made up of acidic sugar-containing backbones with neutral sugar-containing side chains.Learn more about cell here:
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Use the following graph to answer questions 1-5
Harbor seals have a tendency to populate harbors. The following is data that a biologist has kept
on the number of harbor seals located on the docks. The biologist drew in a best-fit line.
1. Why did the biologist draw the line in this way? Does it make sense to draw it this way?
Explain why or why not.
The biologist draw the line in this way as The SJC harbor seal sub-population grew exponentially between 1970 and the mid-1990s. After that it reached its carrying capacity.
What is carrying capacity?The typical population size of a species in a given habitat is referred to as carrying capacity.
Environmental elements including sufficient food, shelter, water, and mates are able to control the population number of the species. The population will decline until the resource recovers if these needs are not supplied.
The maximum number of people that a habitat can support in a community is known as carrying capacity. The carrying capacity is restricted by biotic or abiotic variables known as limiting factors.
The SJC harbour seal sub-population increased dramatically between 1970 and the mid-1990s, prompting the biologist to define this boundary. It then reached its limit of carrying.
Thus, scientists drew graph like this.
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