Answer: The unifying forces operative at the end of the period of conversion and crystallization persisted during the period of fragmentation and florescence, but the caliphal lands in Iraq became less central. Even though Baghdad remained preeminent in cultural prestige, important initiatives were being taken from surrounding “regions”: Andalusia; the Maghrib and sub-Saharan Africa; Egypt, Syria, and the holy cities (Mecca and Medina); Iraq; and Iran, Afghanistan, Transoxania, and, toward the end of the period, northern India. Regional courts could compete with the ʿAbbāsids and with each other as patrons of culture. Interregional and intra-regional conflicts were often couched in terms of loyalties formed in the period of conversion and crystallization, but local history provided supplemental identities. Although the ʿAbbāsid caliphate was still a focus of concern and debate, other forms of leadership became important. Just as being Muslim no longer meant being Arab, being cultured no longer meant speaking and writing exclusively in Arabic. Certain Muslims began to cultivate a second language of high culture, New Persian. As in pre-Islamic times, written as well as spoken bilingualism became important. Ethnic differences were blurred by the effects of peripatetic education and shared languages. Physical mobility was so common that many individuals lived and died far from their places of birth. Cultural creativity was so noticeable that this period is often called the Renaissance of Islam.
Ivory casket made for al-Mughīrah, son of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III, from Córdoba, Spain, 968; in the Louvre, Paris. Height 15 cm.
Ivory casket made for al-Mughīrah, son of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III, from Córdoba, Spain, 968; in the Louvre, Paris. Height 15 cm.
Courtesy of the Musee du Louvre, Paris; photograph Mansell—Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
Economic changes also promoted regional strengths. Although Baghdad continued to profit from its central location, caliphal neglect of Iraq’s irrigation system and southerly shifts in the trans-Asian trade promoted the fortunes of Egypt; the opening of the Sahara to Maghribi Muslims provided a new source of slaves, salt, and minerals; and Egyptian expansion into the Mediterranean opened a major channel for Islamicate influence on medieval Europe. Islamdom continued to expand, sometimes as the result of aggression on the part of frontier warriors (ghāzīs) but more often as the result of trade. The best symbol of this expansiveness is Ibn Faḍlān, who left a provocative account of his mission in 921, on behalf of the Baghdad caliph, to the Volga Bulgars, among whom he met Swedes coming down the river to trade.
By the beginning of the period of fragmentation and florescence, the subject populations of most Muslim rulers were predominantly Muslim, and nonsedentary peoples had ceased to play a major role. The period gave way to a much longer period (dated 1041–1405) in which migratory tribal peoples were once again critically important. In 1041 the reign of the Ghaznavid sultan Masʿūd I ended; by then the Ghaznavid state had lost control over the Seljuq Turks in their eastern Iranian domains and thus inaugurated Islamdom’s second era of tribal expansion. Because localism and cosmopolitanism coexisted in the period of fragmentation and florescence, the period is best approached through a region-by-region survey that underscores phenomena of interregional significance.
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Explanation:
The conversion and crystallization period survived though the caliphal holdings in Iraq grew less central throughout the disintegration and florescence period. This factor forced the Islamic World’s political fragmentation.
What is Islamic World’s political fragmentation?Article 2 of the Pakistan Constitution defines the country to be an Islamic Republic, with Islam as the state religion. Pakistan has a Muslim population of nearly 95 percent, making it the world's second-largest Islamic country after Indonesia.
Thus, The conversion and crystallization period survived though the caliphal.
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5 immagrant groups that came to america in early 1900s
Answer: German, Irish, English, Asian, Jewish
Explanation:
By the time my head hits the pillow tonight, I intend to feel like I really_____
(fill in the blank with what you want to feel like you put out there,feel proud of, wont have regret about, or feel fulfilled by)
Answer: By the time my head hits the pillow tonight, I intend to feel like I really Reborned
Explanation:
What are the specific goals of the Division of Peace Psychology of the American Psychological
Association?
Answer:
to apply the knowledge and the methods of psychology in the advancement of peace, non-violent conflict resolution, reconciliation, and the prevention of war and other forms of destructive conflict.
Explanation:
describe the needs and importance of skilled manpower
Answer:
: power available from or supplied by the physical effort of human beings
2 usually manpower : the total supply of persons available and fitted for service
Which government best summarizes the relationship between the federal government and state governments?
A. The federal government has authority over the states, but the states have a great deal of political independence.
B. The federal government sets tax policy within the states, but the states determine how tax money is spent.
C. State governments must obey the federal government's orders unless they violate their state constitutions.
D. State governments' powers are listed in the Constitution, and all other powers belong to the federal government.
Answer:The Constitution reserves certain powers for the states, but states must share other powers with the federal government
The federal government is given the job to give a general law & help the state when needed, as well as look over national issues. State government, on the other hand is able to narrow the funding into what is needed, and can use the funds to help the people of the state individually. They also fund local city governments when they need loans to build up or rebuild when needed.
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP I’LL MAKE YOU BRAIN LIST!!!How did the government of Britain encourage and support business?
Answer:
Britain had access to local and international economies because of their powerful Navy and other ships. Railroads were also built to allow more efficient trade and transportation of goods.
Hello I've been asking for 10 hours. Plz answer. I will report things that don't have to do with the answer. Plz put any questions in the comment place, don't fill up the spaces for real answers with the questions, there are only 2 spots. 30 brainly points.
Which group of islands in the Caribbean also is linked to the U.S. other than Puerto Rico?
Answer:Bahamas. The 700 islands and cays in the Bahamas are less than an hour away from Miami by air. Bimini is the closest island to the U.S. coast, just 50 miles east of Miami.
Explanation:
Analizează predicatele nominale din următoarele fragmente din nuvela Popa Tanda, după modelul de mai jos.
„Trandafirică a ajuns popă în satul tătâne‐său, în Butucani.“ „Câtă vreme vor fi sărăcenenii leneși, ei vor rămânea săraci ...!“ „Toate s‐au schimbat; nu mai părintele Trandafir a rămas verde, vesel și harnic.
„a ajuns popă“ – predicat nominal, alcătuit din verbul copulativ „a ajunge“, modul indicativ, timpul perfect compus, persoana a III‐a, numărul singular + numele predicativ „popă“, exprimat prin substantiv comun, simplu, genul masculin, numărul singular, cazul nominativ, nearticulat
ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ
The ruler of your country has always made all of the political and economic decisions for the country. The citizens do not always agree with his decisions, but they have on power to change anything. He alone makes the decisions and has unlimited power."
Which type of goverment featuers this type of citizen participation?
A.
Parliamentary Democracy
B.
Republic
C.
Presidential Democracy
D.
Autocracy
Answer:
d
Explanation:
Which special picture did the narrator notice in the room of lesson oval portrait
Answer:The narrator spends his time admiring the paintings that decorate the strangely shaped room and perusing a volume, found upon a pillow, that describes them. Upon moving the candle closer to the book, the narrator immediately discovers a before-unnoticed painting depicting the head and shoulders of a young girl.
Explanation:
Which of the following statements is true?
A. States must require smaller districts and municipalities to follow
GAAP.
B. States require smaller districts and municipalities to follow local
versions of GAAP.
C. Some states do not require smaller districts and municipalities to
follow GAAP.
D. States are not allowed to require smaller districts and
municipalities to follow GAAP.
Answer:
I think B is the correct answer
what year was the population growth in the south and west most evident
Answer:
20th century
Explanation:
Using complete sentences, explain the main difference between limited and unlimited government systems. Provide examples of countries that use each type.
Answer:
Limited Government doesn't just have one leader, it has us the people to help control the government. The Government has to obey the laws they make up for their people. In Unlimited Government there is no limits to the government's power. There is usually one dictator that makes all the laws and that has all the power. Hoped that helped
Explanation:
The main difference between limited and unlimited government systems is limited government follows the instruction of the constitution whereas and unlimited government system is an authoritarian government.
What is government?A government refers to an administrative system developed to mnaintian the functioning of any country by maintaining peace and order by implementing laws and legislation of the constitution and providing better facilities to its citizens.
A written constitution, which is viewed as a book outlining rules and regulations, is frequently used to grant the government just those powers that are expressly stated in the law. This is known as limited government.
Totalitarian and authoritarian regimes that are not constrained by the laws of nature are examples of unlimited governments. They are free to make their own decisions.
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PLEASE HELP this is a test on connexus
How did Hoagy Carmichael from Bloomington, Indiana, contribute to music? (1 point)
O Carmichael managed Motown Studios after the Great Depression.
O Carmichael opened a famous jazz club on Indiana Avenue.
O Carmichael collected folk music in Indiana.
O Carmichael composed many famous songs recorded at Gennett Studios.
2. Which sport became an important part of the Hoosier identity in the 1900s? (1 point)
O rugby
O water polo
basketball
field hockey
Answer:
1.carmichael collected folk music in Indiana.
2.rugby
What major city can be found in the area outlined by the black square?
A. Jacksonville
B. Indianapolis
C. Houston
D. New Orleans
Answer:
Houston
##############################
Answer:
Houston
Explanation:
Which statement best describes social classes in colonial society? A. Indentured servants and enslaved workers made up the lowest and largest social class. B. Farmers and laborers made up a larger class and held a higher status than artisans and shopkeepers. C. Artisans, shopkeepers, and farmers made up a large middle class, but the gentry held the most power and wealth. D. Wealthy landowners and merchants had more influence than government officials, who made up the middle class.
Answer:
C. Artisans, shopkeepers, and farmers made up a large middle class, but the gentry held the most power and wealth.
Explanation:
In New England and the mid-Atlantic colonies, the elite were wealthy farmers or urban merchants; in the South, they were wealthy planters. Hope this helps!
Question 1: What do you think it means to read actively? How will reading actively benefit you in your courses?
Question 2:Besides traditional studying, reading over material, and reviewing notes, what are some valuable strategies you might use to prepare for class?
help me with these questions please
Answer:
Active reading simply means reading something with a determination to understand and evaluate it for its relevance to your needs. By actively and independently reading text, you can simultaneously build your word identification, fluency, vocabulary, and text-dependent comprehension skills.
Explanation:
answer for questions 1:
The Types of Things that TFs Often Do to Prepare for Class
Do the reading and problem sets.
Take notes on the material.
Review lecture notes for the week.
Prepare an outline of issues to cover in class.
Make a list of questions to use in class or write on the board.
Make a handout of topics to discuss in class.
Answer for questions 2:
Active reading simply means reading something with a determination to understand and evaluate it for its relevance to your needs.
The Vedas were a collection of Aryan religious writings
Answer:
yes they were
Explanation:
The Vedas were a collection of Aryan religious writings
yes they areAnswer:
Its true
Explanation:
In the U.S. economic system, what does M1 refer to? A. The amount of money in circulation outside the U.S. Treasury and Federal Reserve OB. The amount of money held in savings accounts and easily accessible investments C. The amount of money held by the U.S. government in case of financial emergency D. The amount of money in circulation as foreign currency or inaccessible investments
Answer:
B. The amount of money held in savings accounts and easily accessible investments
Explanation:
One of the most defining characteristic of an M1 is that it can be easily converted into something that can be used to finish vast majority of transaction. This include things such as savings accounts, physical currency, demand deposits, and other forms of easily accessible investments
Currently, a company's financial stability can be measured by looking at how much M1 they have on their disposal. If the M1 made up the vast majority of company's asset, we can almost say that the company has a healthy financial condition.
Answer:A
Explanation:
The Vikings came to North America after Christopher Columbus.True or false plz help plz hurry
Answer:
false they came 500 years before
Explanation:
During the early 1800s, West Florida was home to American loyalists and settlers who were loyal to Spain or . In 1810, the American inhabitants staged an uprising to . About two and a half months later, the situation changed when the US government . Today, this area makes up the part of present-day Louisiana.
Answer:
Britain, remove the Spanish, annexed the region, eastern.
Explanation:
I did the assignment :)
1. 'Fundamental rights
are the basic
rights. Justify
the statement
Answer: The basic human rights of every human being.
Explanation:
On November 10, 1984, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This declaration is a fundamental document that guarantees the basic rights of every individual. The declaration contains several articles and has been signed by most of the world's countries. The right to life, the prohibition of slavery and torture, the right to liberty and security, the right to a fair trial, the right to freedom of opinion, speech, religion, the prohibition of discrimination are just some of the elements contained in the declaration. The declaration was signed by most countries that nurture democratic principles of government.
Explanation:
The Constitution guarantees six fundamental rights to Indian citizens as follows: (i) right to equality, (ii) right to freedom, (iii) right against exploitation, (iv) right to freedom of religion, (v) cultural and educational rights, and (vi) right to constitutional remedies.
HOPE IT HELPS U
What is a direct relation sexual reproduction....
Answer:
when a brother and sister are directly related. then they have a sexual relationship.
Explanation:
ALABAMA!!
Industrial society changed the old traditional
ways of life and its pre-colonial mode of
production in rural areas because ...
Explanation:
it's changes over time to help the traditional grow stronger
World history. Answer?
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Answer:
a
i think but it is rlly fuzzy
Explanation:
How did the government in ancient Greece develop?
One’s family of birth gradually became unimportant to citizenship.
The wealthy gained power as the city-states moved away from tyrants.
Citizens and noncitizens were able to participate in developing laws.
Power moved from the upper classes to include members of all social classes.
Answer:
The answer is d
Explanation:
got it right on edge (2021) srry this prob dont help cause im late
The government in ancient Greece develop as power moved from the upper classes to include members of all social classes. The appropriate response is option D.
How did the government in ancient Greece develop?There was no unified government in ancient Greece. Instead, it was made up of several cities that established separate city-states, or self-governing units of government. The majority of these city-states had a monarchy, or one-person rule, as their primary form of governance at one point in time.
Most people today probably associate the ancient Greeks with their theories and philosophies of politics and governance. The idea of democracy and its application as the main form of governance were originally developed in Greece, and more specifically in Athens.
Around 500 BCE, the city-state of Athens in ancient Greece became the birthplace of democracy. The same individuals who opposed tyranny built it.
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Which colony was founded by the English after American Indians killed the other European colonists
who tried to settle there?
Pyramid-shaped temple in Sumerian city-state. GGIZTRAU can you guys maked this word it is mixmatch
Answer:
ziggurat Ziggurats are as emblematic of Mesopotamia as the great pyramids are of ancient Egypt. These ancient stepped buildings were created to be home to the patron god or goddess of the city. As religion was central to Mesopotamian life, the ziggurat was the heart of a city
Explanation:
According to Wilson, how can the Constitution be improved in the future?
Answer:
nothing
Explanation:
Nothing
Sometimes, people with scientific backgrounds say bad things about religion, and sometimes people with religious backgrounds say bad things about science. This is because:________
Answer:
It's because they don't understand each other