when the first astronauts travel to mars they will be traveling for long periods of time with no external time cues. you would predict that the circadian rhythms for these astronauts would

To obtain a 3 degree drop, begin your descent three times your altitude (measured in thousands of feet).

Start down at 3 x 50 = 150 miles out if you are at 45,000 feet, for ease of calculation, round the height up to 50. When an airplane is between 100 and 120 miles from its destination, it often starts to descend (assuming the cruising altitude is above 30,000 feet). Typically, people use some variation of the 3/6  to larger aircraft: The distance back to begin the fall is 3 times the height (in thousands of feet), and the descending rate is 6 times your ground speed.

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When a hockey puck with a momentum of 5 kg-m/s is struck by a hockey stick, it receives an impulse of 100 N.

The force of friction is the imbalanced force in the situation of an already moving object (such as a puck sliding on an ice surface). In this situation, the puck's acceleration (slowing) is proportional to the amount of friction. More friction causes the puck to slow down faster. According to Newton's third law of motion, every action has an equal and opposite response. When a player is skating, for example, his skates push off the ice, causing an opposing reaction that propels the player ahead and increases his speed.

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Angela092505's response Solar thermal electric generation systems that use mirrors or lenses to focus sunlight to heat water are the answer.

define solar heating ?

The use of sunlight to heat water or air in buildings is known as solar heating. Solar heating is classified into two types: passive and active.

To heat buildings, passive heating relies on architectural design. The location, construction, and materials of the building may all be used to optimise the heating (and lighting) impact of the sunshine falling on it, minimising or even eliminating the need for fuel. On sunny days, a well-insulated structure with a large glass window facing south, for example, can efficiently trap heat and decrease dependency on gas or oil (for heating) or electricity (for lighting). Natural convection warms the air and solid surfaces in rooms exposed to sunlight, and this warmth is carried to other rooms in the building.

What kind of solar heating system is most efficient in producing high-temperature water for industrial uses or steam to power turbines that generate electricity Angela092505's response Solar thermal electric generation systems that use mirrors or lenses to focus sunlight to heat water are the answer.

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The setter is running at a speed of 3.7 m/s , Running at a speed of 7.59 meters per second is the rabbit. So, the rabbit is faster than irish setter.

A body's kinetic energy may be calculated using the equation

1/2m1v12 = 1/2m2v22.

If the kinetic energy of the rabbit and the Irish setter is equal, then

The rabbit's kinetic energy is equal to the setter's kinetic energy.

Where m1 is the mass of the rabbit, v1 is its speed, and m2 is the mass and v2 is its speed of the setter.

Making the variable v1 the subject of the equation v1 = v2(m2/m1)... Equivalent 3

Given: v2 = 4.9 m/s, m1 = 5.0 kilogram, and m2 = 12.0 kg.

Equation 3 is changed by using v1 = 4.9(12/5) v1 = 4.92.4 v1 = 4.91.549 v1 = 7.59 m/s speed .

The rabbit is therefore moving at speed of 7.59 m/s.

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We are using raisins to observe osmosis.

Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeablity of the membrane from a region to the  high water potential energy to a region of lower water potential energy, in  the direction that tends to the  equalize the solutes the  concentrations on the 2 sides.

Each one of them gaining H2O and swells when placed in pure water due to the  endosmosis. When such as swollen raisins/apricots are the  placed in to the concentrated Solution, each  of them are  loses, water and the  consequently shrinks is  again (due to exosmosis).

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When a ball rolls horizontally off the edge of a cliff at 4.00 m/s, then the height of the cliff is calculated as 276 m.

The motion of any object thrown or projected into the air is called projectile motion. Form of motion experienced by object that is projected in a gravitational field is called projectile motion.

d is distance ;velocity is  v= 4m/s

As, d = v t

30.0 = 4.00 t

So, t = 7.50 s

We know that, h = 1/2 g t^2

h = 1/2 (9.81) (7.5)^2

h = 275.9

Hence, h = 276 m

The height of the cliff is 276 m.

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The incident beam of light has a single, monochromatic wavelength. When this beam is absorbed by the hydrogen atoms, the atoms become excited and eventually relax back to the ground state, emitting light at several different wavelengths.

(a) It is not possible to determine the wavelength of the incident beam based on the information provided.

(b) The longest wavelength in the emission spectrum of the hydrogen atoms corresponds to the transition between the lowest energy levels in the atom. In the case of hydrogen, the ground state is the lowest energy level, so the longest wavelength would correspond to a transition from an excited state to the ground state.

(c) The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the longest wavelength belongs depends on the specific value of the wavelength. The electromagnetic spectrum includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays.

(d) The series to which the longest wavelength belongs can be determined by the values of the energy levels involved in the transition. In the case of hydrogen, there are three series: the Lyman series, the Balmer series, and the Paschen series. The Lyman series corresponds to transitions from higher energy levels to the ground state, the Balmer series corresponds to transitions from intermediate energy levels to the ground state, and the Paschen series corresponds to transitions from lower energy levels to the ground state.

(e) The shortest wavelength in the emission spectrum corresponds to the transition between the highest energy levels in the atom. In the case of hydrogen, the shortest wavelength would correspond to a transition from an excited state to a higher energy level.

(f) The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the shortest wavelength belongs depends on the specific value of the wavelength.

(g) The series to which the shortest wavelength belongs can be determined by the values of the energy levels involved in the transition. In the case of hydrogen, the shortest wavelength would belong to the Lyman series, since it corresponds to a transition from an excited state to a higher energy level

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The maximum height up to which the mass reaches above its initial position is 71cm.

According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can never be created nor be destroyed so all the energy of the spring will be converted into the potential energy of the mass.

Now, we can calculate the height till which the mass will reach in the air from its initial position,

1/2Kx² = Mgh

Where,

K is the spring constant,

x is the compression in the spring,

M is the mass of the object,

g is the gravitational acceleration and,

h is the height till reach the mass will be launched in the air.

It is given to us that the spring constant is 585N/m, the mass of the object is 2.3 kg and 8 is producing a compression of 21.5cm in the spring.

Now, putting all the values to find the vertical height of the object,

1/2(585)(0.215)² = 2.3(9.8)h

h = 0.49m

h = 49cm.

So, the vertical height of the object will be 49 centimetre.

The distance from initial position is 71cm.

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The charge concerning is positive. Electrons can freely migrate since aluminum is a conductor. Due to the electric field's upward direction, all of the aluminum cube's electrons will fall to the cube's bottom.

As a result, the cube's top will be positively charged. The physical characteristic of matter that causes it to feel a force when exposed to an electromagnetic field is called electric charge. The two types of electric charges that protons and electrons most frequently carry are positive and negative charges. Charged particle flow is what makes up an electric current. Free electrons are the charged particles in metal conductors. Since the electrons are free to go from one ion to another, an electric current is created when there is net flow in one direction.

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The left side of the can receives a negative charge from the positively charged rod, which creates a force of attraction between both the rod and the can.

In science, the term "force" has a particular definition. At this point, describing a force as pushing or pulling is quite acceptable. A force does not "exist in an object" or "contain an object." One object experiences a force from another. Living organisms and inanimate objects are both included in the concept of a force.

A force is either a push or a pull, and it has an impact on our everyday lives because without it, we couldn't open and close things, lift our arms and legs, or do much of anything else.

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The answer is 8 m/s to the left. The average speed of the car, according to our research, is four meters per second.

The vector quantity velocity (v), denoted by the equation v = s/t, quantifies displacement (or change in position, s), over change in time (t). Speed (or rate, r) is a scalar number, denoted by the equation

r = d/t,

that quantifies the distance traveled (d) over the change in time (t). All of the elevator's energy (4000 J) will be converted into acceleration if it descends from the top to the bottom at a constant rate of acceleration.

The elevator's 8ms velocity is the answer.

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a. The current through the battery immediately after the switch is closed is 0.5 A .

b. The current through the battery after the switch has been closed a long time is 1 A.

Since the initial resistance offered by the inductor is very strong, the entire current only flows through a single 20 ohm resistance.

Current (I)= [tex]\frac{ 10 V }{20 ohm }[/tex]

              I= 0.5 A

After a while, the current stabilizes, and the inductor merely functions as a conducting route. Due to their parallel arrangement, both 20 ohm resistances have an equivalent resistance of [tex]\frac{(20)(20)}{20+20}[/tex], which equals 10 ohm.

Current (I)= [tex]\frac{10V}{10 ohm}[/tex]

              I = 1 A

Therefore, the initially the current is 0.5 A and after the switch has been closed for longtime the current is 1 A.

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Answer:

Scientific theories are attempts to explain how events occur in the natural world.

Explanation:

A scientific theory is an explanation for a wide range of observations and phenomena that have been tested and supported by multiple lines of evidence. A theory is not based on a single piece of evidence, but rather on a collection of evidence that has been accumulated over time through careful observation and experimentation.

Scientific theories are based on facts, which are observations of events in the natural world. However, a theory goes beyond simply describing these events; it seeks to explain why and how they occur. For example, the theory of evolution explains how organisms have evolved over time through natural selection. It is based on a wide range of evidence, including observations of the fossil record, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology, among others.

Overall, scientific theories are important tools for understanding and explaining the natural world, and they are constantly being revised and updated as new evidence becomes available.

Electric field strength at (2.1m,3.0m) = 14.914 V/m

So in order to find electric field strength at a point whose cordinate is (x,y) is given by the term E(x,y)

Given:

V=200 (V⋅m) /√(x2+y2),  

E = ∂V/∂x i + ∂V/∂y j

where i is vector along x axis whose magnitude is 1 and hence it is unit vector and j is vector along y axis whose magnitude is 1 and hence it is unit vector.

∂V/∂x  =  [tex]\frac{-200x}{(x^2+y^2)^3^/^2}[/tex]

=>  (-200*2.1)/49.11

=>   8.55

∂V/∂x  =  [tex]\frac{-200y}{(x^2+y^2)^3^/^2}[/tex]

=> (-200*3)/49.11

=> 12.22

so E(2.1,3) = -8.55 i -12.22 j

  so E = [tex]\sqrt{-8.55*-8.55 + -12.22*-12.22}[/tex]

=> [tex]\sqrt{222.43}[/tex]

=> 14.914 V/m

so the magnitude of Electric field at (2.1m,3.0m) = 14.914 V/m

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Complete question:

The electric potential in a region of space is V= 200 (V⋅m) /√(x2+y2), where x and y are in meters. Find the strength of the electric field at (x,y)=(2.1m,3.0m) ?

The number of forces acting on the helicopter is 3.

The forces on the system are not balanced

The magnitude of the thrust is 7,112,5 N.

The net force of the helicopter  is 5,912.5 N

The magnitude of the helicopter's acceleration is 1.97 m/s².

The speed of the helicopter is increasing towards to the right.

The number of forces acting on the helicopter is calculated as follows;

The magnitude of the thrust is calculated as;

F = W sinθ

F = (3000 x 9.8 x sin14)

F = 7,112.5 N

The net force of the helicopter  is calculated as follows;

F (net) = drag force + thrust force

F (net) = - 1200 N + 7,112.5 N

F (net) = 5,912.5 N

The acceleration of the helicopter is calculated as follows;

F (net) = ma

where;

a = F (net) / m

a = 5,912.5 / 3000

a = 1.97 m/s²

Thus, since the acceleration of the helicopter is positive, the speed of the system is increasing towards to the right

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The girl may choose any of the slides. It is irrelevant. She would move at the same pace down each slide.

At the top of the slide, the youngster initially has gravitational potential energy. The youngster possesses thermal energy as well as kinetic energy when they reach the bottom of the slide since some of the energy was heated up due to friction. The curved slide is the fastest despite being longer than the other circuits. This is due to the fact that it is steeper at first, leading the ball to be more affected by gravity and accelerate more quickly before reaching its top speed.

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The wavelength of the light beam is 497 nm.

Given,

        Stopping Potential, V₀ = 1.00 eV

        Work function, ϕ = 2.50 eV

        Speed of light, c = 3 x 10⁸ m/s

        Charge of electron, e = 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C

        Planck's constant, h = 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ Js = 4.14 × 10⁻¹⁵ eVs

The expression for Einstein's photoelectric equation is:

                                   KEₘₐₓ    = E - ϕ                 ----- (1)    

Where,             

         KEₘₐₓ is the maximum kinetic energy

         E is the energy of the absorbed photons:  E = hf

         ϕ is the work function of the surface:  ϕ = hf₀

The potential difference required to back all ejected electrons is called the Stopping Potential (V₀).

               Stopping Potential (V₀) = KEₘₐₓ/e     -----(2)

Substituting (2) into (1)

                                       eV₀ = E - ϕ

                                     1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ x 1 = E - 2.50

                                     E = 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ + 2.50

                                     E = 2.50 eV

We know that,

                                    E = hf

                                    E = hc/λ           [∵ f = c/λ]

                                    λ = hc/E

                                    λ = (4.14 × 10⁻¹⁵ × 3 x 10⁸) / 2.50

                                    λ = 1240 × 10⁻⁹ / 2.50

                                    λ = 496.8 × 10⁻⁹ m

                                    λ = 497 × 10⁻⁹ m  (approximately)

                                    λ = 497 nm

Hence,

         The wavelength of the light beam is 497 nm.

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If you drop a rubber ball it doesn't bounce back to the height you dropped it from. this is consistent with: the second law of thermodynamics.

A solute moving from a high-concentration area to a low-concentration area. Molecules travel passively, following the gradient of concentration from high to low concentration, using NO energy.

The second rule of thermodynamics is a physical principle founded on the knowledge of how heat and energy are transformed throughout the world. A straightforward explanation of the rule is that heat always transfers from hotter to cooler things (or "downhill") unless energy of some kind is used to change the flow of heat.

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The angle of refraction of the ray of light entering the Diamond is 16.8°.

The diamond from the water at an angle of 21.2 degrees to the normal.

According to the law of refraction, the ratio of the sign of the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction of the ray of light is constant.

Sin i/Sin r = n

n is the refractive index of the material in which the light is entering.

The refractive index of the Diamond is 2.42.

Putting all the values,

Sin(21.2°)/Sin(r) = 2.42

0.71/Sin(r) = 2.42

Sin(r) = 0.71/2.42

Sin(r) = 0.29

r = Sin inverse (0.29)

r = 16.86°

So, the angle of refraction is found to be 16.86°.

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Inviscid flow region and boundary regions are the salient features of a hydrodynamic entry region, a thermal entry region are hydrodynamic and thermal entry lengths equivalent.

A material's capacity to conduct heat is determined by its thermal conductivity. In contrast to materials with high thermal conductivity, low thermal conductivity materials transmit heat more slowly. For instance, insulating materials like Rockwool or Styrofoam are effective at retaining heat while metals often have high thermal conductivity and are very effective at transferring heat. In line with this, materials with high thermal conductivity are frequently used as heat sinks, whereas those with low thermal conductivity are employed as thermal insulation. Thermal resistance is the inverse of thermal conductivity. Working with numbers that are derivatives of thermal conductivity and that implicitly account for design-specific details like component dimensions is a typical practice in engineering. For instance, the amount of heat that travels through a plate of a certain area and thickness in a unit of time when the temperatures on its opposing faces differ by one kelvin is known as thermal conductance. Similar to how electrical conductivity and electrical conductance relate to one another, thermal conductivity and conductance do the same. The opposite of thermal conductivity is thermal resistance.

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The Doppler effect, described in 1842 by Christian Andreas Doppler, is the change or shift in the frequency or wavelength of a wave due to relative movement between a sound source or scatterer and the receiver.

Formula

[tex]$$f_o=\frac{v+v_o}{v+v_s} f_s$$$f_0=$ observer frequency of sound$v=$ speed of sound waves$v_o=$ observer velocity$v_s=$ source velocity[/tex][tex]$f_s=$ actual frequency of sound waves[/tex]

The Doppler effect is a phenomenon that occurs when two objects move closer or farther apart, increasing (or decreasing) the frequency of sound, light, or other waves. A source's waves are compressed as they move in the direction of the observer.

The Doppler effect operates as follows: When a loud object approaches you, its sound waves congregate and increase in frequency or pitch. On the other hand, the sound waves spread apart and the pitch drops as the object moves away from you. The pitch change increases with object speed.

The Doppler effect causes the frequency of light waves coming from moving sources to either shift to the blue or red. This behaves in a way that is similar to other types of waves, such sound waves, but not exactly the same.

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It will take the boat 5 seconds to cross the river.

To determine how long it takes the boat to cross the river, we need to take into account the speed of the current as well as the speed of the boat.

The speed of the boat relative to the water (the speed of the boat plus the speed of the current) is given by the equation:

v_rel = v_boat + v_current

where v_rel is the speed of the boat relative to the water, v_boat is the speed of the boat in still water, and v_current is the speed of the current.

In this case, the speed of the boat in still water is 4 m/s and the speed of the current is 2 m/s. Plugging these values into the equation gives us the speed of the boat relative to the water of:

v_rel = 4 m/s + 2 m/s = 6 m/s

To determine the time it takes the boat to cross the river, we can use the equation:

t = d / v

where t is the time, d is the distance to be traveled, and v is the speed.

In this case, the distance to be traveled is 30 m and the speed is the speed of the boat relative to the water (6 m/s). Plugging these values into the equation gives us a time of:

t = 30 m / 6 m/s = 5 s

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Answer:

Below

Explanation:

a)  At constant speed the only force acting downward is the usual Normal Force due to gravity

Fn = mg = 4.8 * 9.81 =47.1 N

                the force of friction is then Ff =  Fn * coeff = 47.1 * .28 = 13.2 N

b)  If the acceleration is UPWARD this adds to g

      Fn then becomes

             Fn = 4.8 ( 9.81 + 1.6) = 54.8 N   and    Ff = 54.8 * .28 = 15.3 N

c)  Similar to b)  but this time the acceleration of the elevator SUBTRACTS from gravity    

    Fn = 4.8 ( 9.81 - 1.6) = 39.4 N    and    Ff = 39.4 * .28 = 11.0 N

The best explanation why the box’s final kinetic energy is less than its initial potential energy is that some potential energy was converted into thermal energy due to friction.

option B is the correct answer.

The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be converted from one form to another.

According to law of conservation of energy, we have the following energy conversion process.

In absence of friction, the potential energy of the box at the top of the ramp is equal to the kinetic energy of the box at the bottom of the ramp.

In the presence of friction, some  potential energy will be converted into thermal energy due to friction and the final kinetic energy will be smaller than the initial potential energy.

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Answer:

The answer above is correct (I just did it on Edge.) - It's option B!

Explanation:

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Have a great day :D

An under-excited generator a. absorbs reactive power from the system

In an electrical power system, generators are used to produce electrical energy by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Under-excited generators are generators that are operating at a voltage below their rated value. These generators are used where it is necessary to maintain a specific voltage in the electrical system. For example, in some power systems, load on the generator may vary, and generator may need to adjust its output to match the changing load.

When a generator is under-excited, it absorbs reactive power from the system, which is a type of electrical power that is not used to do work. Reactive power is required to create and maintain the alternating current in an electrical system, but it does not perform any useful work. Absorbing reactive power helps to maintain the proper voltage and frequency in the system.

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The magnitude of the boat’s acceleration while it travels 12.0 m is b. 2.5 [tex]ms^{-2}[/tex]

u= 9.5 [tex]ms^{-1}[/tex]

v= 5.5 [tex]ms^{-1}[/tex]

s= 12 m

From the given data we can use,

[tex]v^{2} -u^{2} =2as[/tex]

to calculate acceleration.

[tex]v^{2} -u^{2} =2as[/tex],

Where,

v is the final velocity,

u is the initial velocity,

a is the acceleration and

s is the distance covered.

Substituting the values we have,

[tex]v^{2} -u^{2}[/tex]= 2×a×s

[tex](5.5)^{2}[/tex] - [tex](9.5)^{2}[/tex]= 2 ×a×12

a= [tex]\frac{(5.5)^{2} -(9.5)^{2}}{(2)(12)}[/tex]

a= [tex]\frac{(30.25)^{2} -(90.25)^{2}}{(24)}[/tex]

a=[tex]\frac{-60}{2000}[/tex]

a=-2.5 [tex]ms^{-1}[/tex]

(The negative sign says that it is a negative acceleration  )

Therefore the magnitude of the boat's acceleration is -2.5 [tex]ms^{-1}[/tex]

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No two-slit interference pattern be observed when the light from the slits will not falls on a screen.

Because the condition of the interference is the distance between the slits equals or close to the wavelength of the red light. For distance of 25 cm, it is a very large distance that prevents the interference of the red light to occur. So, the answer is no.

Interference is the phenomenon where two waves combine by applying a displacement at any one point in space and time to form waves of greater, lesser or equal amplitude. Constructive and destructive interference arise from correlated or coherent wave interactions. This is because they originate from the same source or have the same or nearly the same frequency. Interference effects can be observed in all kinds of waves: light, radio waves, sound, surface water, gravity, matter waves.

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Maximum muscle loading at fixed speed with accommodating resistance throughout entire range of motion is characterized by : Isokinetic exercise.

Isokinetic training is a sort of exercise that makes use of a unique machine. There are many levels of resistance produced by the exercise equipment. No matter how much force is used, motions are always made at the same speed. No matter how strong you are, a machine can always exert as much force as you do.

Isokinetic exercise includes cycling on a stationary bike. Your muscles will contract at the same rate across the entire range of motion if you walk at a consistent speed.

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The period of motion is simple hormonic motion and the maximum speed of the particle is 0.0031s

(a) Simple harmonic motion is defined as "the motion of a mass on a spring when it is subject to the linear elastic restoring force given by Hooke's Law (F=-Kx). The motion experimented by the particle is sinusoidal in time and demonstrates a single resonant frequency".

(b) The equation that describes the simple harmonic motion is given by =

= X = Acos(ωt + θ)     [1]

And taking the first and second derivate of the equation (1) we obtain the velocity and acceleration function respectively.

For the velocity:

= V = dx/dt = -Aωsin(ωt + θ)        [2]

For the acceleration:

= A = dv/dt =  -Aω²cos(ωt + θ)           [3]

As we can see in equation [3] the acceleration would be maximum when the cosine term would be -1 and on this case:

= Aω² = 8x10³ m/s²

Since we know the amplitude A=0.002m  we can solve for ω like this:

= ω = √ (8000/0.002)

= ω = 2000 rad

And we with this value we can find the period with the following formula;

= T = 2π/ω = 0.0031s

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The complete question:

A 10 g particle undergoes SHM with an amplitude of 2.0 mm and a maximum acceleration of magnitude 8.0 multiplied by 103 m/s2, and an unknown phase constant ?.(a) What is the period of the motion?1 s(b) What is the maximum speed of the particle?

Two methods are used by astronomers to determine the age of the universe: 1) searching for the oldest stars, and 2) calculating the universe's rate of expansion and extrapolating back to the Big Bang.

Just as homicide investigators can determine a bullet's source from the holes it leaves in a wall. to calculate the ages of old, nearby stars and the distance between Earth and numerous galaxies. According to the best calculations of scientists, the universe is 13.8 billion years old. However, we are not totally certain of its age, as we are with so many of the largest-scale characteristics of the cosmos.

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