Thus we can see that if we leave the lid off our setup for the calibration which would allow some heat to escape to the atmosphere. This will yield a lower specific heat value
What is calibration ?
One of the fundamental methods required to ensure instrument accuracy is calibration. Calibration is the process of arranging an instrument to produce a result within an acceptable range for a sample. A major part of instrumentation design is eliminating or limiting causes that produce faulty measurements.
For today's tests, we leave the lid off our setup for calibration, allowing some heat to escape to the atmosphere. This results in a lower specific heat value.
For example, if the real value of Q before we remove the lid is 100 J, our calibration setup is 100 J.
And the metal mass is 10 g.
And the temperature has risen by 5 degrees Celsius.
Q = mcdT
Now, compute the value of C:
100 J = 10 g*C* 5C
C= 2 J / g-c
Now that the lid has been opened, some of the heat has escaped into the atmosphere,
and we have Q = 90 J.
Then;
Q = mcdT
Now, compute the value of C:
90 J = 10 g*C* 5C
C= 1.8J / g-c
Thus we can see that if we leave the lid off our setup for the calibration which would allow some heat to escape to the atmosphere. This will yield a lower specific heat value
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Iconic bonds, fill in the blanks
In Ionic Bond metals lose valence electrons and become positively charged cations, non metals accepts valence electrons and become negatively charged anions .
Ionic bonds are formed in vicinity of atoms like for example NaCl , KCl , CaCl₂.
Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms. Ionic compounds obey octet rule and become more stable and so they are typically neutral.
Ionic Bonds, metals lose valence electrons and become Positively charged cation .
Non metals accepts electrons and becomes negatively charged anion.
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1. An unavoidable side reaction of alkyl halides with active metals which lowers the yield of Grignard reagents is called coupling. 2RX + Mg ------> R-R + MgX2 Although the mechanism of the coupling process is not well understood, it is known that the rate appears to depend on the square of the concentration of the halide. With this in mind, explain the reason for the sequence of addition of the ether solution employed at the beginning of the formation of the Grignard reagent in the experimental procedure above.
Competing reactions:
Desired - RX + Mg ⇒ RMgX rate ~ [RX]
Side - RX + RMgX ⇒ R-R + MgX2 rate ~ [RX]²
The desired reaction is favored by keeping the [RX] low so that it reacts with Mg and not RMgVia the Schlenk equilibrium Grignard reagents form varying amounts of organomagnesium compounds. Alkyl halides react with magnesium metal in anhydrous ether solvents to form organometallic reagents.
Grignard reagents are formed by the reaction of magnesium metal with alkyl or alkyl halides. They are wonderful nucleophiles that react with electrophiles such as carbonyl compounds and epoxides. Since Grignard reagents are strongly basic, they often undergo elimination reactions or do not react at all. The transition state of the alkyl halide substitution is less stable than the magnesium bromide complex. This is due to ligation formation between the solvent and magnesium atoms.
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Question 1-7
In any chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products. This result forms the basis of the Law of
Conservation of Mass. Which statement correctly explains why this is a law, rather than a theory?
The law of conservation of matter says that in chemical reaction and the statement is the total mass of the product must equal the total mass of the reactant
The law of conservation of mass states that the mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reaction or physical transformation and according to the law of conservation of mass and the mass of the product in a chemical reaction must equal to the reactant that means total mass of the product must equal the total mass of the reactant
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Create an energy transformation for playing the piano. EX: Thermal to Electrical
A piano contains both mechanical and acoustic energy. Mechanical energy is created when you press a key; as a result, the strings vibrate when the hammer strikes them, producing sound.
What converts thermal energy to electrical energy?
Using a thermoelectric generator, thermal energy can be transformed into electrical energy.
What is thermal energy?
The term "thermal energy" is used a lot of different ways in physics and engineering. It may be related to a number of different physical concepts.
What is electric energy?
Electrical energy is related to forces on electrically charged particles and the motion of electrically charged particles, frequently electrons in wires.
Hence mechanical and acoustic energy is a correct answer.
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if 2.00L of a 0.032M Li2O solution has the water evaporates, what mass of Li2O would remain
Based on the molarity and volume of the solution the mass of Li₂O obtained if 2.00L of a 0.032M Li2O solution has all the water evaporated is 1.92 g.
How many moles of Li₂O are present in 2.00 L of a 0.032M Li₂O solution?The number of moles of Li₂O present in 2.00 L of a 0.032M Li₂O solution is determined using the formula below:
Molarity = number of moles / volume in litersHence;
Number of moles = molarity * volume in liters
Molarity of the Li₂O solution = 0.032 M
Volume of solution = 2.00 L
Number of moles = 0.032 * 2.00
Number of moles of Li₂O = 0.064 moles
Mass of Li₂O = number of moles * molar massMolar mass of Li₂O = 30 g/mol
Mass of Li₂O obtained = 0.064 * 30
Mass of Li₂O obtained = 1.92 g
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How did Wegener use the shapes of the continents as evidence that the continents had moved?
Answer:
Wegener used fossil evidence to support his continental drift hypothesis. The fossils of these organisms are found on lands that are now far apart.
Explanation:
Grooves and rock deposits left by ancient glaciers are found today on different continents very close to the equator.
Identify the phase of the copper product after each reaction in the copper cycle.
- The heating of Cu(OH)2 to form CuO
- The addition of NaOH to Cu(NO3)2 to form Cu(OH)2
- The addition of HCl to CuO to form CuCl2
- The addition of Al to CuCl2 to form Cu
the phase of the copper product after the reaction in the copper cycle is listed below
1.the heating of Cu(OH)2 to form CuO i.e
Cu(OH)2 (s) ⇒ CuO(s) + H2O (l) which means the product of copper is in a solid phase after the reaction.
2.the addition of NaOH to Cu(NO3)2 to form Cu(OH)2 i.e
Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + NaOH (aq) ⇒Cu(OH)2 (s) + 2NaNO3 (aq) which means the product of copper is in the solid phase after the reaction.
3. the addition of HCL to CuO to form CuCl2 i.e
2 CuO(s) + 2 HCl(aq) ⇒ 2 CuCl2(aq) + H2O (aq) which means the product of copper is in the aqueous/liquid phase after the reaction.
4. the addition of Al to CuCl2 to form Cu i.e
Al(s) + CuCl2(aq) ⇒ AlCl3(aq) + Cu(s) which means the product of copper is in a solid phase after the reaction.
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which element has the longest name
Rutherfordium is the longest element name on the periodic table.
What is Rutherfordium?
Rutherfordium is a chemical element with the symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named after the British physicist Ernest Rutherford, who was born in New Zealand. It is not present in nature as a synthetic element and can only be created in a laboratory. It is radioactive; the half-life of the most stable known isotope, 267Rf, is 1.3 hours. It is a d-block element and the second of the fourth-row transition elements in the periodic table. It is a group 4 element in period 7. Experiments in chemistry have proven that rutherfordium is the heavier homolog to hafnium in group 4. Rutherfordium's chemical properties are only partially known.
Rutherfordium is the longest element name on the periodic table with 13 alphabets in its name.
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what information is needed to convert a molar concentration to a molal concentration? the density of the solvent the density of the solution and the molar mass of the solute the volume of the solution the molar mass of the solute the solubility product of the solute
Therefore, for the conversion, we want the molarity of the solute as well as the density of the solution.
What are a solvent and a solute?The molecule is the thing that needs to dissolve, and the solution is the thing that needs to dissolve it. With a wide variety of solutes and solvents, solutions can be created. We are aware of a wide range of solutions.
What is an example of a solute?A solute is a material that dissolves in a solution. The solvent concentration present in fluid solutions is higher than the quantity of content. The two most common examples of solutions in daily life are salt and water.
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What does a molecule structurally have to have in order to be able to form condensation polymers vs only being able to form a single ester?.
Monomers of condensation polymers must contain two functional groups so that each monomer can link with two other monomers
What are condensation polymers?
It is a form of a step-growth polymerization where smaller molecules or monomers react with each other to form larger structural units (usually polymers) while releasing by-products such as water or methanol molecule. The by-products are normally referred to as condensate.Monomers of condensation polymers must contain two functional groups so that each monomer can link with two other monomersMolecules should have one or two functional groups (like alcohol, amine, or carboxylic acid groups).Ex- Nylon and Polyester are some of the most common examplewhar ar esters?
Ester is a chemical compound which is made from either an organic acid or inorganic acid, during which a minimum of one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group. Esters feature a carbon-to-oxygen double bond that is also singly bonded to second oxygen atom. The oxygen atom is further connected to aryl or an alkyl group. ex- ethyl ethanoateLearn more about condensation polymers at https://brainly.in/question/27753546
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how many different energies of light can be emitted from hydrogen when the electron jumps down to E2 from E3, E4, E5, E6
From the idea of the Bohr model, each of the electrons would emit a characteristic wavelength thus four wave lengths are emitted.
What is the emitted wavelength?We know from the Bohr model that when an electron jumps from a higher to a lower energy level, there is the emission of light of the appropriate wavelength.
Now we know that the energy that is evolved is what determines the wavelength of the light since the wavelength is inversely proportional to the energy that is evolved by the electronic transition.
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using an acetic acid\sodium acetate buffer solution, what ratio of acid to conjugate base will you need to maintain the ph at 5.00? explain how you would make up such a solution.
Using an acetic acid\sodium acetate buffer solution, ratio of acid to conjugate base that will be needed to maintain the pH at 5.00 is 1:1.
How do you prepare a buffer solution with a pH of 5?Firstly, prepare 800 mL of distilled water in a suitable container.Then add 7.721 g of Sodium acetate to the solution.Next, add 352.5 mg of acetic acid to the solution.Now, adjust the formed solution to final desired pH using HCl or NaOH.In the end, add distilled water until the volume is 1 L.For having, effective buffer, the number of moles of the weak acid and its conjugate base must be large as compared to the number of moles of strong acid /base that is added. The best buffering occur when the ratio of [HA] to [A-] is 1:1.
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determine whether li or na that has the more negative (more exothermic) electron affinity. li na determine whether s or mg that has the more negative (more exothermic) electron affinity. mg s determine whether c or n that has the more negative (more exothermic) electron affinity. n c determine whether cl or al that has the more negative (more exothermic) electron affinity. g
Lithium and sodium lithium is more negative electron affinity and magnesium and sulfur then sulfur is more negative electron affinity and nitrogen has lower electron affinity and chlorine has more negative electron affinity
Non metal like to gain electron to form anion to have a fully stable octet and they release energy means exothermic and to gain electron to form an anion and thus electron affinity of nonmetal is higher than that of metal
Lithium and sodium that is any lithium is more negative electron affinity and this is because lithium is smaller in size in that of any right due to one share of which strong interaction between nucleus and extra electron uppers and then magnesium and sulfur are both located in the same row in the periodic table and as general rule electron affinities for main group element become more negative moving right across a period and therefore sulfur is expected to have the more negative electron affinity and nitrogen has lower electron affinity than its preceding element carbon and the chlorine atom has more negative electron affinity which means that it will release more energy when it accept more electron
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solutions made of the same type of nanoparticle can be very different colors. choose which property determines the color of a nanoparticle solution.
The volume and shape of a nanoparticle determines how it interacts with light. This determines the color of a nanoparticle solution.
The coloration depends on the size and form of the nanoparticles, in addition to the distance between them. Right here, the red nano gold particles are approximately 20 nanometers across, whilst the orange nano gold particles are about 80 nanometers across.
Nanoparticles appear positive colors because they mirror (scatter) and take in unique wavelengths of visible light. Light which seems white is a more or less same combination of the wavelengths of light that can be perceived by means of the human eye, more or less four 100 to 750 nm.
As particle length increases, the wavelength of surface plasmon resonance associated absorption shifts to longer, redder wavelengths. red light is then absorbed, and blue light is pondered, yielding answers with a faded blue or red color.
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a gas sample is collected in a balloon. what happens to the density of the gas sample as the sample is heated?
The density of the gas will decrease as we heat the gas.
Density of a system is defined by mass per unit volume. Density basically describes how compact or concentrated something is. For example, suppose you have two boxes, one is large and one is small. However, they both weigh the same. But we see that the small box has a higher density than the large box. So, density also tells how concentrated or crowded something is.
Considering the above given case, when we take a gas sample in a balloon and then when we start to heat this sample, due to hear we can see that the gas molecules will try to move more far from each other and therefor the density of the system will decrease. This same concept is been used in hot air balloons too. When we heat the balloon the density of the gas will decrease and therefor the balloon floats in the air.
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how does the concentration of an acidic liquid affect the volume of the acidic liquid needed to neutralize an alkaline solution?
Increasing the volume of the solution decreases the concentration of the hydrogen ions which subsequently increases the pH; hence, increasing volume will increase the pH.
What does concentration of acidic liquid affect volume needed for neutralization?Higher is the concentration of H plus ions, more acidic is the solution and lower the concentration of H plus ions, the less acidic is the solution. Basic strength of a solution depends on the concentration of OH minus ions.
When an acid and alkali react together, they produce salt and water. Acid + alkali → salt + water . As you know, water is neutral, so the acid alkali come together to neutralize each other to make pH 7.
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1) binding buffer is 4m ammonium sulfate [(nh4)2so4] (fw 132.14). how would you make 300 ml of this solution?
To make 300 ml of Ammonium sulfate solution 158.5 grams of Ammonium sulfate should be taken.
Given,
Molarity of Ammonium sulfate = 4 M
Volume of solution = 300 mL = 0.3 L
Molar mass of Ammonium sulfate = 132.14 g/mol
Mass = Molarity × Molar mass × Volume of solution in Litres
Substituting the values we get,
Mass of the (NH₄)₂SO₄ = 4 M × 132.14 g/mol × 0.3 L
= 158.5 g
Hence, the mass of Ammonium sulfate required to make 300 ml of Ammonium sulfate solution is 158.5 grams.
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which 2 layers of the earth are made out of rock
at standard temperature and pressure, a given sample of water vapor occupies a volume of 2.80 l. how many moles of water vapor are present?
To learn the mole concept and standard temperature.
What is standard temperature?
Therefore, 0 degrees Celsius, which translates to 32 degrees Fahrenheit or 273.15 degrees Kelvin, is considered the standard temperature. This is essentially the temperature at which pure water at sea level will freeze when exposed to air at standard pressure.
What is mole?
A mole is a crucial unit of measurement used by chemists. Similar to how having a dozen eggs means you have twelve eggs, having a mole of something indicates that you have 602,214,076,000,000,000,000,000 of that particular thing. Chemists must measure very small objects, such as atoms, molecules, or other particles, using moles.
Therefore there are 0.125 moles of water vapor present.
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when it combines with the calcium carbonate, the acetic acid and the calcium carbonate come apart and reform in different ways to make new chemicals
when vinegar combines with the calcium carbonate, the acetic acid and the calcium carbonate come apart and reform in different ways to make new chemicals. One of them is the gas carbon dioxide.
The molar mass of CaCO3 is 100.0 g/mole so you need 727300g or 727.3 kg of limestone. Calcite or aragonite are the most common forms of limestone, a sedimentary rock mostly made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It could have a significant magnesium carbonate content (dolomite).
Lime, the base calcium oxide, is left behind after heating the limestone (calcium carbonate). The original limestone will be replaced with white lime that is more crumbly in texture. Water and calcium carbonate do not react.
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When heated, NaOH decompoe according to the following equation. If all of the water i produced a water vapor, what i the expected ma lo for a 8.87 gram ample of NaOH? Report your anwer with three ignificant figure.
2 NaOH () → Na2O () H2O (g)
Answer:
I'm pretty sure its 2.73 g
Explanation:
What mass of NaHCO, is decomposed by 256 kJ?
Answer: 91.5 kJ
Explanation:
what is the ph of a solution prepared by diluting 15.00 ml of 0.10 m hcl with enough water to produce a total volume of 100.00 ml?
The pH of a solution prepared by diluting 15.00 ml of 0.10 m HCl with enough water to produce a total volume of 100.00 ml will be 1.823
What is Molarity (M)?
The amount of a substance in a specific volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). It is also defined as the number of moles of a solute per liter of a solution. The molar concentration of a solution is another name for molarity.
It can be expressed as:
M = \frac{n}{v}
where, M = molar concentration
n = moles of solute
v = liters of solution
Given values: total volume = 100.00 ml, given volume = 15.00 ml
Solution: Molarity of acid after dilution = \frac{15 × 0.10}{100} = 0.015M
As one molecule of HCL release one H+ ion, Molarity of H+ ions will be 0.015 M
So, pH = - log (0.015) = 1.823
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Chemistry a chemistry teacher needs to mix an acid solution for an experiment. How much hydrochloric acid needs to be mixed with 1500 milliliters of water to make a solution that is 12% acid? if necessary, round to the nearest hundredth.
180 mL of hydrochloric acid needs to be mixed with 1500 milliliters of water to make a solution that is 12% acid.
What is a mixture?
A mixture is a substance made up of two or more chemical compounds with different properties that are not chemically connected. The physical combination of two or more substances results in solutions, suspensions, or colloids, which retain the separate identity of the individual constituents.
The amount of hydro chlorocalcite will be calculated as below:- 1500x12
Hence, 180 mL of hydrochloric acid needs to be mixed with 1500 milliliters of water to make a solution that is 12% acid.
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name a compound that has 4 atoms thats not NH3 or CH4
Answer:
NH4/Ammonium
Explanation:
Which of the following were goals of Reconstruction? Check all of the boxes that apply. to reincorporate the South into the Unionto create a segregated society in the Southto establish equality under law for African Americansto assist African Americans in the transition from slavery to freedom
Answer: The goals of Reconstruction were to reincorporate the South into the Union, to establish equality under law for African Americans, and to assist African Americans in the transition from slavery to freedom.
Explanation: The Reconstruction was the period that followed the Civil War and during which the southern states that had adhered to the defeated Confederation were reintegrated into the Union. The devastating southern unionist invasion, attacks on civilian targets and the destruction of infrastructure, together with the economic policy that was implemented in the territory of the defeated after the war, caused the rise of a bitter rancor of many Southerners against the federal government. :D Hope I helped!
which is the strongest gravitational pull on earth,the sun or the moon why
Answer:
The sun
Explanation:
The sun is much heavier, it also pulls all eight planets towards its center and keeps them in their orbits.
Hope this helps
Answer:
The sun, because it is the largest one, and has the greatest gravitational pull. It keeps the earth in orbit around it.
What are the oxidation states of nitrogen in the compounds
NO, NO2, N2O3, N2O4 and N₂O5 respectively
Answer:
NO: +2
NO2: 3
N2O3: +3
N2O4: 4
N2O5: 5
Explanation:
without looking at the periodic table, write the complete electron configuration for the group 2 element in the fourth period.
The electronic configuration of the elements of the second group of the second period is 1s²2s²2 1s2 2p6 3s2 3p64s² or 2,8,8,2
To determine the external electronic configuration of an element, knowing the number is needed. Electrons and usage configuration rules (or electron energy levels).
The number of electrons in a neutral atom is the same as the number of protons.
The number of protons is the atomic number of the element. The
elements are arranged in the periodic table according to their atomic number.
The elements of group 2 are calcium and magnesium
The atomic number, number of protons, and number of electrons of group 2 elements are 40
Now we can distribute the electrons according to the structural rules:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s²
The outer shell has n = 2, so the outer electron configuration is 4s²
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Which of the following notations is the correct noble gas configuration for Li?
O A. 1s²2s¹
OB. 1s22s
C. [He]2s¹
D. [Hel1 s22s¹
The right option is C, the correct noble gas notations for Li is [He] 2s¹.
We know that the atomic number of Li is 3 , so it will have 3 electrons in total, in filling electrons the electronic configuration is came as follows:
1s²2s¹ , but we asked for noble gas electronic configuration , so in this type of way of writing a noble gas configuration , we write by using the most nearer electronic configuration of a noble gas.
Let us see each option in each case,
In option A, it is the normal electronic configuration with no noble gas involved so it will be wrong.In option B, it is 1s²2s , which is 2 electrons only, so it will be wrongIn option C, it is using 2s² for He and the rest one electron for Li is written as 2s¹, so it will be the right answer.In option D, if we look at total number of electrons it will be 5 electrons , so this one will also be wrong.So the correct notation will be [He]2s¹ which is option C.
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