When high levels of leptin no longer reduce appetite, as happens in obesity, individuals experience leptin resistance.
Leptin and Hunger
Leptin is produced by the adipose tissue which aids in maintaining the weight of the body. It regulates hunger by creating the feeling of fullness (sensation of satiety). Leptin inhibits hunger and prevents the generation of hunger responses when it does not require calories. Leptin acts on the brain stem and hypothalamus even though leptin receptors can be found all over the body.
It works in the long term and does not control the day-to-day food intake or hunger levels. It is more effective when the person loses weight. As the levels of adipose tissue go down, so does the leptin production which makes the brain think that the body is starving.
Leptin resistance is the lack of the brain to respond to leptin like it normally does. This is caused by the brain being stimulated constantly. This also makes the body use less energy to conserve calories. This results in obesity.
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ten minutes after the initiation of a blood transfusion, a client reports chills and flank pain. which nursing action
Ten minutes after the initiation of a blood transfusion, a client reports chills and flank pain. The immediate nursing action should be 1 stopping the transfusion.
Fever and chills during transfusion are believed to be brought about by recipient antibodies responding with white cell antigens or white cell parts in the blood product or because of cytokines that gather in the blood products during storage.
This is an indication of an intense hemolytic transfusion response, showing that the beneficiary's blood is contrary to the transfused blood. The pain is brought about by hemolysis, agglutination, and capillary blocking connecting the kidneys. After inducing and acknowledging such indispensable signs the infusion of blood should immediately be stopped and afterward normal saline ought to be mixed to keep the line patent and keep up with blood volume.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was…
Ten minutes after the initiation of a blood transfusion, a client reports chills and flank pain. What is the next nursing action?
Stop the transfusion.Obtain the vital signs.Assess the pain further.Increase the flow of normal saline.Learn more about blood transfusion here,
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Refer to the ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines I.C.9.a.2 which states: The appropriate code from category ____ should be used as a secondary code with a code from category _____ to identify the stage of chronic kidney disease.
The appropriate code from the category N18 should be used as a secondary code with a code from category I12 to identify the stage of chronic kidney disease.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) means that your kidneys are damaged and you cannot filter your blood as it should. The main risk factors for developing kidney disease are a family history of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and renal failure.
CKD is a condition in which the kidneys are damaged and blood cannot be filtered properly. This leaves excess water and waste products from the blood in the body, which can cause other health problems such as heart disease and stroke.
People can only know if they have a CRF with a simple blood and urine test. A blood test checks your blood for creatinine (a waste product) to see how well your kidneys are functioning. A urine test checks for protein in the urine (early signs of kidney damage).
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____________________ is a chronic condition of repeated episodes of inflammation causing ulcers and irritation in the rectum and large intestine.
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition of repeated episodes of inflammation causing ulcers and irritation in the rectum and large intestine.
The colitis affects the digestive tract and the innermost lining of large intestine (colon and rectum). The signs and symptoms of the condition are: diarrhea, weight loss, fever, fatigue, and rectal pain. The most prominent sign of ulcerative colitis is blood in the stool. Ulcerative colitis is believed to be an autoimmune condition which occur due to spicy foods, high-sugar and fatty foods, caffeine, and alcohol. Antibiotics, immunosuppressants and corticosteroids are the preferable treatment options.
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While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat and has a panicked look on his face. He has a weak cough, faint inspiratory stridor, and cyanosis around the lips. You should:
In this given situation, we should stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts.
Which part of the body should abdominal thrusts be administered?Place the fist's thumb side against the person's stomach, just above the belly button and below the ribs. The muscle of the diaphragm can be felt. With the other hand over the fist, make a quick, powerful upward thrust into this muscle. Keep performing abdominal thrusts until the thing exits.
In order to remove things from the throat, the Heimlich maneuver employs abdominal thrusts. The diaphragm is a muscle that lies beneath the lungs. To assist the lungs in exhaling air, this muscle contracts. The Heimlich maneuver works by creating an artificial cough.
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a client whose medical expenses are covered uner medicare is hospitalized. which component of medicare can be claimed
When a client whose medical expenses are covered under medicare is hospitalized, he can claim Part A component of medicare.
What is medicare and its components?Medicare is a healthcare insurance program in the USA which provides healthcare services to the people aged 65 years or older.
Part A or Hospital insurance provides inpatient care in hospitals, skilled nursing, home health care.Part B or Medical insurance provides service from doctors and medical equipments.Part C provides inpatient care, emergency room care, general nursing care, meals, hospital suppliesPart D covers the cost of prescription drugs.Learn more about medicare here:
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A compression rate of 100-120 per minute should be performed when providing cpr. True or false?.
Having type 2 diabetes, smoking, physical inactivity, a low HDL cholesterol level, and an elevated LDL cholesterol level represent risk factors for
Having type 2 diabetes, smoking, physical inactivity, a low HDL cholesterol level, and an elevated LDL cholesterol level represent risk factors for heart disease.
What is heart disease?Coronary artery disease is mistakenly and narrowly referred to as "heart disease".
Cardiovascular disease, which refers to any condition of the heart or blood arteries, is not the same as heart disease.
The four types of heart disease.
Coronary artery diseaseArrhythmiaHeart valve diseaseHeart failureThe most typical cause of coronary artery disease is atherosclerosis, which is a buildup of fatty plaques in your arteries.
Coronary artery disease (CAD), heart arrhythmias, heart failure, heart valve disease, pericardial disease, cardiomyopathy (Heart Muscle Disease), congenital heart disease are the symptoms of heart disease.
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PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS
Hypertensive stage 5 chronic kidney disease and need of dialysis access.
POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS
Same.
PRIMARY PROCEDURE
PLACEMENT OF ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA, CIMINO-TYPE PROCEDURE.
PROCEDURE
After informed consent, the patient was brought to the operating room and placed supine on the table. After induction of anesthesia, the patient was prepped and draped appropriately. The cephalic vein and radial artery were identified and marked. An area was marked between these 2, and the area was infiltrated with Marcain and epinephrine prior to making the incision. The cephalic vein was dissected out first followed by the radial artery. The distal end of the vein was clamped and transected. The radial artery and both ends were occluded. Bleeding was controlled appropriately with clamps. An end-to-end anastomosis was performed with GoreTex sutures. Prior to completing the anastomosis, the fistula was flushed with heparinized saline. The procedure was completed with the final sutures. Evaluation of the flow in the vessel resulted in good thrill and bruit present throughout the entire area. The subcutaneous tissue and skin were closed appropriately, and sterile dressings were applied. The fistula will be evaluated in the next 24 hours for dialysis use.
ICD-10-CM:
ICD-10-CM:
The codes assigned to this patient are:
ICD 10 - N18, Chronic renal failure.
ICD 10 I77.0 Acquired arteriovenous fistula
What does the ICD mean?The International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, better known as the ICD, is one of the main epidemiological tools in everyday medical practice. The main function of the ICD is to monitor the incidence and prevalence of diseases, through universal standardization.
With this information, we can conclude that ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems.
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What is the word root, prefix, and suffix in the medical term Pharynx
In medical term, the term pharynx is called prefix.
What is Pharynx?Pharynx can be defined as part of the respiratory tract that allows for the password of air down to the throat. It is also called throat.
In medical terminology, a word can be used for root, prefix or suffix.
When a word is used as a prefix, it is placed at the beginning of a word to modify or change its meaning.
Pharynx is used as a prefix in the word "pharyngitis" which is inflammation of the pharynx.
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According to the book, when information and viewpoints about a public health crisis are inconsistent, it is important to:
According to the book, when information and viewpoints about a public health crisis are inconsistent, it is important to: a. Acknowledge and explain inconsistencies.
Reasonable and practical rules for public health crisis and public health risk factors can be solved by communication and will aid in through the infodemic, consistent, and comprehensive correspondence about the risks. Risk communication can help public authorities in acknowledging and forestalling ineffectual, havoc, and possibly harming public reactions to serious emergencies, like surprising sickness or disease and bioterrorism. Besides, suitable risk communication systems encourage the trust and certainty that are fundamental in an emergency circumstance.
Note: Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was
"According to the book, when information and viewpoints about a public health crisis inconsistent, it is important to:
a. Acknowledge and explain inconsistencies.
b. Silence sources that are likely to provide inconsistent information.
c. Focus on specific examples rather than on scientific information.
d. Limit information to what has been published in scientific journals."
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he _______________ your cardiorespiratory endurance score, the lower your risk of ______________ disease. g
The higher your cardiorespiratory endurance score, the lower your risk of hypokinetic disease.
Cardiorespiratory endurance:
Cardiorespiratory endurance refers to your body's capacity to exercise continuously for a prolonged period of time. Our huge muscles need oxygen, and to get that oxygen they need a strong heart, healthy lungs, and clean blood vessels. The terms cardiovascular fitness, cardiovascular endurance, and cardiorespiratory fitness are also sometimes used to describe cardiorespiratory endurance.
Hypokinetic disease is a condition associated with too little physical activity or exercise. Examples include heart disease, low back pain, and Type II diabetes.
The risk of hypokinetic diseases decreases for people with higher cardiorespiratory endurance score and the risk of hypokinetic diseases is greatest for people in the low fitness zone.
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Excessive intake of iron can lead to a condition called hemochromatosis, which leads to damage of the ________.
Answer:
Hemochromatosis can lead to damage of the liver, heart and pancreas.
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which consideration is most important when formulating a plan of care for a child undergoing chemotherapy
When formulating a plan of care for a child undergoing chemotherapy, the most important consideration is possible infection.
What is chemotherapy?Chemotherapy is the course of treatment which involves drugs and given to a patient in for treatment of diseases.
Chemotherapy is necessary for cancer treatment.
However, it is important to consider possible infection when formulating chemotherapy treatment for a child.
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To decrease the risk of ________, women who are capable of becoming pregnant are urged to consume at least 400 micrograms daily of________.
To decrease the risk of neural tube defects, women who are capable of becoming pregnant are urged to consume at least 400 micrograms daily of folic acid.
To avoid neural tube abnormalities, the US Public Health Service advises pregnant women to take 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid daily. Folic acid can reduce some birth defects of the brain and spinal cord by more than 70 percent. These birth defects are called neural tube defects (NTDs). Such defects occur when the spinal cord fails to close properly. The most common neural tube defect is spina bifida.
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4. A 75-year-old male with long-standing hypertension and angina due to coronary heart disease presents with ankle edema, nocturia, increased shortness of breath with activity, and a chronic nonproductive cough. He has a past history of smoking two packs per day and is an ex-alcoholic. His blood pressure is 170/80 and his heart rate is 100. Electrocardiography and chest radiography indicate the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy.
A. Relate the presence of uncontrolled hypertension and coronary artery disease to the development of heart failure in this man.
B. Explain the significance of left ventricular hypertrophy in terms of both a compensatory mechanism and as a pathologic mechanism in the progression of heart failure.
C. Explain the management and treatment for this diagnosis.
Answer:
Relate the presence of uncontrolled hypertension and coronary artery disease to the development of heart failure in this man.
Explanation:
.
Although it may vary from a short narrative description of a minor procedure to a more formal report dictated by surgeons, all operative reports contain
Answer:
procedure performed
Explanation:
Operative reports, which may be descriptive summaries or formal reports, sometimes include important information relating to surgical procedures.
These include information about the patient, preoperative diagnosis, surgical technique, findings, reasons for surgery, anesthesia details, specimens taken, drains or catheters used, estimated blood loss, postoperative diagnosis, complications. Post-operative conditions, procedures performed by other specialists, and surgical dictation.
Patient care, treatment continuation and legal paperwork all depend on these reports. They help with postoperative care and promote good communication between medical teams while providing important insights for health care practitioners. Depending on the complexity of the method and institutional constraints, the level of information may change.
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Which type of food components increase risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer
Answer:
The risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes , hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer is increased by the consumption of a diet high in saturated fats.
Explanation:
Saturated fats are found in foods like butter, ghee, cakes, ghee, cheese and fatty cuts of meat.
Saturated fats are considered to be unhealthy fats. Saturated fats are generally solid at room temperature. Consumption of saturated fats can lead to many cardiovascular diseases and other health problems.
Excess intake of saturated fats can increase the LDL cholesterol in the body and cause buildup of cholesterol in the arteries which increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Saturated fats can increase the calories in one’s diet which can lead to obesity and other health problems.
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The risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer is increased by the consumption of a diet high in saturated fats.
Effects of saturated fats on human body:
Saturated fats are found in foods like butter, ghee, cakes, ghee, cheese, and fatty cuts of meat. Saturated fats are considered to be unhealthy fats. Saturated fats are generally solid at room temperature. Consumption of saturated fats can lead to many cardiovascular diseases and other health problems. Excess intake of saturated fats can increase the LDL cholesterol in the body and cause the build-up of cholesterol in the arteries which increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Saturated fats can increase the calories in one’s diet which can lead to obesity and other health problems.Learn more about Saturated fats here:
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How effective are oral medications, such as bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban, Budeprion) or varenicline (Chantix), in helping smokers quit
Bupropion and Varenicline, both medicines reduce the craving for smoking by inhibiting the connection of nicotine and dopamine in the brain.
Effect of the Oral medicines in quitting smoking:
To quit smoking, the Food and Drug Administration approved Smoking cessation products to help in getting rid of smoking. These products are in the form of tablets that do not contain nicotine. These tablets are Bupropion and Varenicline( Chantix) and react with the dopamine center in the brain. With every smoking, the nicotine stimulates to release of dopamine which in turn triggers the brain to release more dopamine and thus causing frequent smoking in the person.
Because Chantix doesn't contain nicotine, it prevents dopamine from being released, and bupropion works as an antidepressant to calm the brain's nerves, reducing the need and sensation to smoke. Together, these two medications support smoking cessation.
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How does social justice and health inequities influence population health care provision
Social justice is the idea that everyone should have the same rights and chances, including the right to better health. Still, there are now health differences that are avoidable, unnecessary, and unfair. These differences are caused by laws and practices that give money, power, and resources to different communities in different ways based on class, race, gender, location, and other factors.
Health disparities are to blame for more than 30% of the direct medical costs that black, Hispanic, and Asian-Americans have to pay in the United States. Due to unequal access to health care and other services that help people stay healthy, these people are often sicker and have to pay more for their care when they do find it. Over the course of four years, this percentage adds up to more than $230 billion. Also, research has shown that clinicians tend to think less of people of color and that their unconscious racial bias makes it harder for them to communicate and lowers the quality of care they give.
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A client is in the emergency room with what could be a lumbar injury. Which deep tendon reflex would be most appropriate to test
A client is in the emergency room with what could be a lumbar injury. The deep tendon reflex which would be most appropriate to test is patellar.
The patella is a small bone located in front of the knee joint — where the thigh bone (femur) and the shin bone (tibia) meet. Its function is to protect the knee and connect the muscles in the front of the thigh to the tibia. Patella also protects the inner structures or knees.
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An apparently healthy individual has several risk factors for coronary artery disease. The client is interested in improving overall fitness and cardiac health. After a graded exercise test, which was asymptomatic, the client is referred for an exercise class. Which is the BEST measure of exercise intensity in a newly tested and exercising individual
Heart Rate (HR) is the BEST measure of exercise intensity in a newly tested and exercising individual.
How is HR measured in exercise?Steps to check your heart rate during exercise:
Put a stop to it.15 seconds are needed to take your pulse. Put index and third fingers on y neck, to the side of the windpipe, to check the pulse over the carotid artery.For a beats per minute calculation, multiply this number by 4.Monitoring your heart rate while exercising can help you shed pounds or become more effective. This is due to the fact that heart rate is a reliable gauge of exercise intensity: Your heart rate increases as the intensity increases.
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A client presents with a positive home pregnancy test. The client has a 7-month-old baby and a 2-year-old child with her. What is a priority assessment to be completed during this visit
A priority assessment to be completed during this visit is whether there are good human and financial conditions for the new pregnant women, whether it is necessary for the government to intervene with measures to protect the baby and children.
When should you seek the Municipal Guardianship Council?The agency must be called upon in any situation that constitutes a threat or violation of the rights of children and adolescents due to lack, omission or abuse of parents, guardians, society or the State or due to the minor's own conduct.
With this information, we can conclude that the Municipal Guardianship Council should promote, by simple administrative decision, the removal of the child or adolescent from family life as a "antecedent" measure to institutional reception.
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Each producer who initiates the application must submit the following to the insurance company with or as part of each applicaton
Each producer who initiates the application must submit the following to the insurance company with or as part of the application, a statement required to be signed by both applicant and the producer confirming whether the applicant has the existing policies or contracts.
If the statement submitted by the applicant says no, that is, the applicant does not have existing policies or contracts, then the producer's task with respect to the replacement is done and he has nothing to do further.
However, if the statement says yes regarding the existing policies or contracts, then the producer is required to read and present to the applicant, a notice regarding the replacements in the manner described in Appendix A. The notice is compulsorily required to be signed by both applicant and the producer.
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Your client is having difficulty performing a strength exercise after you have demonstrated and provided verbal cues. You decide to demonstrate what he is doing and then contrast with the proper technique. He immediately performs the exercise correctly. Based on this, you should focus on teaching the client exercise primarily through:
The teaching would be focused through Visual cues.
What is Visual Cues?A youngster can learn a habit, activity, behavior, or skill by using visual cues, which can be actual items, drawings, symbols, or written words. A youngster can acquire a new skill or develop their independence in skill with the aid of visual signals.
An example of a sensory signal that the eye processes is visual cues. They offer knowledge and perception about how the world or a particular event is understood.
Children can be encouraged to follow routines, develop fundamental self-help abilities, and comprehend spoken language with the use of visual signals. All children can benefit from visual signals, but those who struggle with social communication and autism can benefit the most.
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What symptoms of Schizophrenia did John Nash exhibit at the beginning of the movie?( a beautiful mind)
Answer:
Bizarre behavior
Paranoia
Auditory delusions
Having too much _______ fat has been associated with an increase in health risks, such as heart disease and certain types of cancer.
Certified Exercise Physiologists gear workouts to address client concerns. Education is an important component in order to:
Education is an important component in order to make the sessions interesting and meaningful for clients.
Most clients have a specific concern and the verbal communication along with the demonstration helps meet the client goals on time. The need and the posture along with the target muscle should be explained. The clarification about the exercises encourages and motivates the person to exercise regularly. The client must be educated on how the muscle should feel while performing a new strength exercise.
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What are the three different types of epidemiological nutrition studies and the three types of experimental nutrition studies
The three different types of epidemiological nutrition studies: cross-sectional, case-control, and prospective cohort studies. The three basic types of nutrition research are randomized, animal and laboratory studies, and cohort studies.
Cross-sectional studies are used primarily to determine the prevalence of a problem, while cohort studies involve the study of a population that is both exposed and unexposed to the cause of the disease. Case control studies are used to study 2 groups of cases (diseased) and controls (non-diseased) and to identify risk factors between them. Randomized trials, researchers actually intervene to see how a particular behavior change or treatment, for example, will affect a health outcome. Animal and laboratory studies are studies carried out in laboratories on cells, tissues or animals. Laboratories provide tightly controlled conditions that have a broad impact on human health.
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You are attempting to control bleeding on a coworker who has cut himself while using a hand tool on a job site. How should you best address the possibility of being exposed to an infectious blood borne disease
Your question is incomplete. Please read below to find the complete question.
A) Wear protective barriers such as gloves, regardless of your relationship with the person you are helping.
A protective barrier is a bodily layer on the pinnacle of a corrosion-prone metal surface and is meant to prevent corrosion. Protecting barriers are introduced to metallic surfaces by way of painting the floor with a non-metal coat or plating with steel.
Protection boundaries within the place of work can be beneficial within the mission to reduce the likelihood of a place of job twist of fate. they may be structures that are designed to save you access right into a potentially dangerous area, or regions that are a potential risk. First and foremost, they may be used to mitigate dangers.
With secure regions, bodily boundaries can be vital in ensuring there's no safety breach in positive limits. However, shielding obstacles are added to the bodily layer to outline the physical limits in a particular setup. It additionally protects the sports or precise regions.
You are attempting to control bleeding on a coworker who has cut himself while using a hand tool on a job site. How should you best address the possibility of being exposed to an infectious bloodborne disease?
A) Wear protective barriers such as gloves, regardless of your relationship with the person you are helping.
B) Avoid touching the person's blood with your bare hands to minimize your chance of exposure
C) Wash your hands with soap and water before and after care
D) Only use PPE if required by your employer's occupational exposure control plan
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During pregnancy, the form of estrogen that predominates is produced by the placenta, and may be useful in prenatal screening is
During pregnancy, the form of estrogen that predominates is produced by the placenta, and may be useful in prenatal screening is Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG).
Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) hormone is only produced during pregnancy. It is produced predominantly in the placenta. Levels of the hormone hCG, found in the mother's blood and urine, rise greatly during the first month of pregnancy.
hCG can detect the pregnancy ten days after conception. It is the earliest method to check the pregnancy. It also helps to detect the correct age of the fetus and the problems related to the pregnancy like ectopic pregnancies, miscarriages etc.
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