When genetic and environmental effects contribute independently to phenotype, the total variance equals the Sum of the genotypic variance and the environmental variance.
What is genotypic variance ?Genotypic variation, which results from genetic mutation, gene flow, or anything that happened during meiosis, is the variance in genotypes between individuals of the same species or between species.The English biologist and statistician Ronald Fisher introduced the idea of genetic variance in his foundational theorem of natural selection.Phenotype:The term phenotype describes an individual's observable characteristics, such as height, eye color, and blood type. Both a person's genomic make-up (genotype) and environmental circumstances affect their phenotype.
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Once a cell detects viral RNA and produces interferons (IFNs), a sequence of events occurs. Place these steps in the correct order:
1. IFN diffuses out of the infected cell and attaches to receptors on healthy neighboring cells.
2. IFN stimulates healthy neighboring cells express inactive antiviral proteins (iAVPs).
3. iAVPs becomes activated by the presence of viral darn in the newly infected cell.
4. Activated AVPs degrade mRNA, leading to apoptosis.
The correct sequence is (1,2,4,3) for the cell detects viral RNA and produces interferons (IFNs), a sequence of events occurs, i.e.
1. IFN diffuses out of the infected cell and attaches to receptors on healthy neighboring cells.
2. IFN stimulates healthy neighboring cells express inactive antiviral proteins (iAVPs).
4. Activated AVPs degrade mRNA, leading to apoptosis.
3. iAVPs becomes activated by the presence of viral darn in the newly infected cell.
A virus that has ribonucleic acid (RNA) as its genetic material is referred to as an RNA virus, as opposed to a retrovirus. The nucleic acid is typically single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), while double-stranded RNA is also possible (dsRNA). Common cold, influenza, SARS, MERS, Covid-19, Dengue virus, hepatitis C, hepatitis E, West Nile fever, Ebola viral disease, rabies, polio, mumps, and measles are among the well-known human illnesses brought on by RNA viruses.To know more about viral RNA
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Which system of the body produces adrenaline, a hormone that increases strength in times of stress?
Answer: adrenal glands
Explanation: Adrenaline is produced in the medulla in the adrenal glands as well as some of the central nervous system's neurons. Within a couple of minutes during a stressful situation, adrenaline is quickly released into the blood, sending impulses to organs to create a specific response.
1. Integumentary 2. Skeletal 3. Muscular
4. Nervous 5. Endocrine 6. Cardiovascular
7. Lymphatic 8. Respiratory 9. Digestive
10. Urinary 11. Reproductive Which systems
assist in regulating body temperature?
Select one:
O a. 2, 3
O b. 10, 7, 5
O c. 9, 6, 8
O d. 1, 3, 6
Answer: D
Explanation:
The ribs are
Select one:
O a. anterior
O b. deep
O c. proximal
O d. superficial
to the skin.
Answer: deep
Explanation:
what's the difference between biosphere and ecosystem
Answer:
An ecosystem is a collection of living things that coexist in a specific location and interact with it.
The region of the earth that is inhabited by living things is known as the biosphere, which also includes the land, ocean, and atmosphere.
Explanation:
Brainliest?
when neuron activity increases in a certain region of the brain, this also increases everything except chapter 14
When neuronal activity increases in certain brain regions, it also increases everything except Co2 elimination. Oxygen consumption, blood flow, glucose consumption also increased.
Blood is a fluid in the body that functions to deliver hormones, nutrients and oxygen throughout the human body. In addition, blood is also responsible for removing toxins in the body. The poison will later be given to other organs whose job is to filter it.
Blood contains not only hormones, oxygen, nutrients and impurities in the body. Blood becomes the morning seat of plasma, cells and proteins. This is what makes blood have a thicker texture than water.
When viewed more deeply, blood cannot be interpreted only as a liquid that helps the nose run. However, it is also a means of channeling various things in the human body. In addition, blood is actually not completely liquid. Blood consists of solids and fluids.
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There are instances when enzymatic reactions can be inhibited. This is the process of inhibition caused by build-up of the final product of the reaction catalyzed by that enzyme.
a)competitive inhibition
b)feedback inhibition
c)noncompetitive inhibition
d)allosteric inhibition
d)allosteric inhibition are instances when enzymatic reactions can be inhibited. This is the process of inhibition caused by build-up of the final product of the reaction catalyzed by that enzyme.
What are the enzymatic reaction inhibitors?Enzyme inhibitors are substances that temporarily or permanently interact with enzymes in some way, reducing the pace of an enzyme-catalyzed process or preventing enzymes from functioning normally. Competitive, noncompetitive, and uncompetitive inhibitors are the three main categories of inhibitors.
An enzyme is rendered inactive by a reversible inhibitor through noncovalent interactions. A reversible inhibitor can separate from the enzyme, in contrast to an irreversible inhibitor. Competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors fall under the category of reversible inhibitors.
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A protein called keratin71 affects what kind of hair dogs have. One variation of keratin71 results in straight hair. A variation of keratin71 results in curly hair. This curly-hair variation of keratin71 has a different protein structure than the straight-hair variation. Write the steps to complete a flow chart to describe how straight hair is produced in dogs.
Dogs with N/N (i.e, N = no curl) genotype are observed to have a straight hair coat. This curl variant cannot be transmitted to their offspring.
How are dogs' straight hair strands created?Dogs who have straight hair have two copies of the straight version of the gene (cc); dogs who have wavy hair have one copy of the straight form of the gene and one copy of the curly form (Cc); and dogs who have curly hair are homozygous for the curly mutation (CC).
The RSPO2 gene (furniture), FGF5 gene (long hair), and KRT71 gene (coat type) are the three genes involved (curly gene). Both the furnishings gene and the curly gene are dominant, and only one copy is necessary to have a coat that is furnished or curly, respectively.
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About _____ of the approximately 200 million sperm actually make it to a woman's egg to have a chance at fertilization.
a. 1
b. 200
c. 2 million
d. 20,000
The correct answer is b. about 200 of the approximately 200 million sperm actually make it to a woman's egg to have a chance at fertilization.
The definition of sperm is a male reproductive cells which are produced in the testicles, which is a male's reproductive organ. In human reproductive process, the sperm cells from a male will travel to a woman's reproductive organ called ovum which then the sperm will enter fertilize the ovum then conception occurs and embryo will develop. Out of the approximately 200 million sperm cells that travels into the female reproductive organs, only a handful of the strongest sperm which is about 200 will actually make it into the ovum for fertilization.
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Why is heritable variation important?
A. Without variation species would reproduce too quickly
and become overpopulated.
B. It creates variation within a population and helps a
species survive changes in the environment. This is the answer
C. Heritable variation isn't important and it doesn't
benefit a species.
In the given case- It creates variation within a population and helps a species survive changes in the environment.
What is heritable variation?
The additive genetic variance, also known as the heritable variation, is defined as the variance of the breeding values among individuals, σ A 2.Examples of genetic variants that can exist in a human population include skin color, hair color, dimples, freckles, and blood type.Genetic diversity can come from various sources, one of which being mutations, or alterations in the DNA's gene sequences. Gene flow, or the transfer of genes between several groups of organisms, is another source. The development of new gene combinations through sexual reproduction can also result in genetic variety.Learn more about variations here:
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which of the following species should contain genes that are responsible for mitochondrial proteins and are therefore evolutionarily related?
It should be possible for species of apple tree, butterfly, rabbit, and flamingo to share genes that code for mitochondrial proteins due to their shared evolutionary history.
The mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, where the metabolic processes of respiration and energy production take place. ATP is produced as a kind of energy.ATP synthase and the electron transport chain are processes that are controlled by specific protein complexes that are encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Muscle cell generation of ATP (energy) will be impacted by a mutation in the mitochondrial genes.The circular chromosome known as mitochondrial DNA can be found inside the cellular organelles known as mitochondria. The mitochondria, which are found in the cytoplasm, are where the cell produces energy and performs other metabolic tasks. Children receive mitochondria from their mother, and as a result, mitochondrial DNA.To know more about mitochondrial proteins
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what do limiting factors do ?
Answer:
It limits the amount of something, ex 1: population of animals. ex 2: food.
Explanation:
Limiting = a cap on something
factor = contribution to a outcome or result
by limiting, it factors a result of a limited amount of x
Enations are small, flattened green protuberances found on the stems of
A. club mosses.
B. horsetails.
C. quillworts.
D. true mosses.
E. whisk ferns.
Enations are small flattened green protuberances found on the stems of whisk ferns. Option E.
Wisk ferns have water and nutrient-carrying tissue but no true leaves or roots. Small yellow sporangia can be seen on the branches. Snowden has no strobila. These primitive plants are closely related to ferns. Horsetails whisk ferns and ferns belong to the phylum Monilophyta while horsetails are classified in the equinox.
The only extant genus Equisetum is a survivor of a large group of plants that produced large trees shrubs and vines in Carboniferous swamp forests. Seedless vascular plants belong to tubular plants. They have vascular tissue such as the xylem and phloem but do not produce reproductive seeds or flowers. Examples of seedless vascular plants are ferns clubmoss whisk ferns and horsetail.
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6. There is a couple named Louise and Robert.
They want to have exactly four children. Use
the multiplication and addition rules to
calculate the probability that Louise and
Robert will have two girls and two boys in any
order. (Hint: set up a table to help you
determine all the different combinations
possible.)
ans is even chance means 50/50
Explanation:
they have 50/50 chance
The required probability is 0.0625 or 6.25% that Louise and Robert will have two girls and two boys in any order.
What is probability?Probability is defined as the possibility of an event being equal to the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes and the total number of outcomes.
The probability of having a girl or a boy is 0.5 (assuming the chance of having either is equal).
To determine the probability of having two girls and two boys in any order, we can use the multiplication rule of probability.
In this case, we can break the problem down into 4 independent events:
The probability of the first child being a girl
The probability of the second child being a girl
The probability of the third child being a boy
The probability of the fourth child being a boy
Each event has a probability of 0.5, so we can multiply these probabilities together to find the overall probability:
(0.5) × (0.5) × (0.5) × (0.5) = 0.0625
So the probability that Louise and Robert will have two girls and two boys in any order is 0.0625 or 6.25%.
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A kite is an example of what
Answer:
Explanation:
airplane
can you use the terms to complete this paragraph that summarizes the organization of the vertebrate nervous system?
When you touch a hot stove, *sensory receptors* in your fingertip detect the risk and turn it into an electrical signal. This signal travels from your fingertip to your brain via nerve cells known as *sensory neurons*.
These nerves are part of the *peripheral nervous system*, which is an anatomical component of the nervous system. The signal is sent along these nerves to the spinal cord and brain.
These two components comprise an anatomical division known as the *central nervous system*. Within this area of the nervous system, specialized nerve cells known as *interneurons* integrate this information, develop a reaction, and then transmit these instructions to *motor neurons* as nerve impulses.
These neurons send impulses to the muscles in your arm, causing them to draw your hand away.
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You are observing different tissue samples and classifying the cells into their respective stage in the cell cycle. What can you conclude about Sample B based on these observations?
A) Sample B Is is most likely cancerous because most of the cells are in interphase.
B) Sample B is most likely cancer tissue because most cells are in some stage of mitosis.
C) Sample B is most likely a normal tissue sample because most of the cells are in interphase.
D) Sample B is most likely a normal tissue sample because most cells are in some stage of mitosis.
Sample B is most likely cancer tissue because most cells are in some stage of mitosis. By observing different tissue samples and classifying the cells into their respective stage in the cell cycle.
What stage of cell division is ideal?Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are these stages. Since cytokinesis is the final physical cell division after telophase, it is occasionally regarded as the sixth stage of mitosis.
These cells spend the most of their time in which stage of the cell cycle?A cell spends majority of time in interphase, where it develops, duplicates its chromosomes, and gets ready to divide. The cell then exit interphase and goes through mitosis, and finishes dividing.
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Blood type in humans is an example of a trait that has multiple alleles. The alleles for type A blood and type B blood are codominant, and type O blood is recessive to both type A and type B. If a girl with type AB blood has a brother with
type O blood and a sister with type B blood, which of the following genotypes could it be possible for their parents to have?
CAO and BO
AB and 00
CAB and BO
CAD and AB
Out of the following genotypes the possible genotype of their parents is option one that is CAO and BO.
The ability to distinguish between different blood types in humans or their blood based on the presence or absence of particular antigens in the blood is known as blood grouping. The presence or lack of two antigens, A and B, on the surface of red blood cells results in one of four major blood types. A, B, AB, O
Blood types that are genetically passed down include:
Parent 1 Blood Group + Parent 2 Blood Group= Baby’s Blood Group
O+O= O
O+A = O or A
O+B = O or B
O + AB= A or B
A+A= O or A
B+B= O or B
AB+AB= A, B. AB
A+B = O A, B, AB
A+AB = A, B. AB
B+AB = A, B. AB
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while admiring the fossils at the arizona museum of natural history you recall the various species concepts you learned about in this class. of the four species concepts listed below, which one could you not apply to the fossils to assess speciation? group of answer choices phenetic species concept phylogenetic species concept biological species concept evolutionary species concept next
To assess speciation, the biological species concept cannot be applied to fossils.
A species, based on the biological species concept, is a group of organisms that can effectively interbreed and produce fertile offspring. This theory holds that both interbreeding within a species and reproductive barriers between organisms of different species help to protect a species' integrity. Most evolutionary biologists agree with the concept.
This same biological species concept is not applicable to fossil species so because flow of genetic data as well as reproductive behaviour cannot be studied using fossil remains. It is limited to living things that exhibit the interbreeding pattern. The phylogenetic species idea can be used to investigate fossil species.
Asexual reproduction does not involve interbreeding, and any evolution observed in organisms is the result of mutations. As a result, the concept of biological species does not apply to asexual organisms.
Allopatric speciation describes biological populations which are geographically separated and thus unable to interbreed. The concept of biological species is irrelevant to allopatric speciation.
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choose the correct order of the steps in recognizing a smell. - neurons are stimulated - olfactory receptors detect vaporized odor molecules - signal forwarded to cerebral cortex for interpretation - nerve impulse travels to the olfactory bulb in the brain
The correct order of the steps in recognizing a smell is:
1. Olfactory receptors detect vaporized odor molecules
2. Neurons are stimulated
3. Nerve impulse travels to the olfactory bulb in the brain
4. Signal forwarded to the cerebral cortex for interpretation
This neural code originates from sensory neurons in the nose. When an odorant molecule binds to a receptor it initiates an electrical signal that travels from sensory neurons to the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb is a structure at the base of the forebrain that relays signals to other brain regions for further processing.
Olfactory receptors are located in the olfactory epithelium. This is a specialized area of the nasal mucosa that covers part of the ethmoid bone in the upper nasal cavity. The reticular formation controls the level of consciousness, the cardiovascular system, and the respiratory system. The ascending sensory system passes through the brainstem on its way to the thalamus.
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5. In nucleic acids the purine nitrogenous base are A. uracil and thymine E. adenine and guanine C. cytosine and guanine D. guanine and thymine
Answer:
The correct answer is Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine.
Explanation:
The four bases in DNA are: adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine.
In RNA, thymine gets replaced by uracil.
Purine is only a name for the two bases guanine and adenine.
For each of the following tasks performed in the activity, describe what they are actually simulating.
Cutting the DNA into fragments:
Taping the DNA onto the large paper:
DNA is divided into smaller bits in the lab using restriction enzymes (also known as restriction endonucleases).
How does DNA fingerprinting relate to gel electrophoresis?[Editor's note: Gel electrophoresis is used in DNA fingerprinting to identify between genetic material samples.Enzymes are used to break down the human DNA molecules into a collection of smaller, more manageable bits at specific characteristic places.
Quizlet: What is gel electrophoresis?When an electric current is supplied, a process called gel electrophoresis separates particles according to their charge and size across a gel.DNA, amino acids, peptides, and other molecules can all be charged particles.a technique that makes use of an electrical field to separate DNA from a gelatin-like substance.
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our entire blood volume circulates through your kidneys
The statement "our entire blood volume circulates through your kidneys" is absolutely false.
What is the function of the kidneys?The function of the kidneys is to cleanse the blood of toxins and transform the waste into urine. The human body consists of two kidneys. Each kidney weighs about 160 grams and gets rid of between one and one-and-a-half liters of urine per day. The two kidneys together filter 200 liters of fluid every 24 hours.
About one-quarter of the total cardiac output (or total blood flow) circulates through the kidneys. This equates to just over 1 liter of blood every minute. So, it is incorrect to say that our entire blood volume circulates through our kidneys.
Therefore, the statement "our entire blood volume circulates through your kidneys" is absolutely false.
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I need the medical code for cirrhosis of the liver with ascites
Answer: ICD-10 code K70. 31
Explanation: or Alcoholic cirrhosis of liver with ascites is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range - Diseases of the digestive system .
A researcher compares the species diversity of two different islands located equal distances from the mainland. One island is much smaller than the other. She finds that the S value for the smaller island is _____ the S value for the larger island. When she examines the extinction rates for both islands, she finds that the extinction rate on the small island is _____ the extinction rate for the large island.
The island is significantly more accessible from the mainland. She concludes that the island located closer to the mainland has a greater S value than the island farther away from the mainland.
A researcher is evaluating the species richness of two islands. The size of the two islands is about the same. One island, nevertheless, is far closer to the mainland. She concludes that the island located closer to the mainland has a greater S value than the island farther away from the mainland. She also discovers that the extinction rate on the nearer island is the same as the extinction rate on the farther island. Because it is more likely that colonizing organisms would reach nearby islands than far-off ones, the latter have higher colonisation rates. Because there are fewer species to go extinct, extinction rates are low when the number of species is low.
Hence, extinction rate on the nearer island is the same as the extinction rate on the farther island
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Scientists collect data then develop and use models to make predictions about future climate conditions.
How does the data that scientists collect get used with climate models?
Scientists spend one year collecting data from one location. After all data is collected, scientists stop collecting data and input this information into a model to simulate real-world conditions.
Scientists collect ongoing data from many locations around the world. They then input this data into a mathematical or computer-based model to simulate real-world conditions.
Scientists collect data and use models separately. First, scientists develop models. Then, they collect data.
Collecting data and developing models are used for different purposes. Data is used to make predictions where models are used to make conclusions.
Scientists collect ongoing data from many locations around the world. They then input this data into a mathematical or computer-based model to simulate real-world conditions.
What is climate forecasting?Weather averages and other climatic characteristics are predicted by climate forecasts from a few weeks to a few years in advance. Such forecasts are increasingly being made using thorough models of the Earth's climate system.
Since it aids in forecasting future climate conditions, climatology and weather forecasting are crucial. The likelihood that snow and hail will reach the surface can be calculated using latitude. You may also determine the thermal energy from the sun that a location can get.
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HELP IM ON LIMITED TIME
Given the following phylogenetic tree, which evolutionary trait is
found in the most classes of invertebrates?
Select one:
Radial symmetry
Deuterostomes
Bilateral symmetry
True tissues
Answer:
bilateral symmetry
Explanation:
The evolutionary trait that is found in the most classes of invertebrates is bilateral symmetry. Bilateral symmetry is present in all classes of invertebrates shown on the phylogenetic tree, including mollusks, annelids, and arthropods. Radial symmetry, on the other hand, is only found in the cnidarians, and true tissues are only found in the deuterostomes. Therefore, bilateral symmetry is the trait that is found in the most classes of invertebrates.
Which ocean process brings vital nutrients from the bottom to the surface waters?
O density
O downwelling
O floating
O upwelling
Answer:
Option 4) Upwelling currentsUpwelling currents bring cold nutrient-rich waters from the ocean bottom to the surface, supporting many of the most important fisheries and ecosystems in the world.Can someone give me the answers to 2 5 and 6? PLEASE
Explanation:
2. 7 levels
5. Photosynthesis let the producers (plants) create their own food.
6. If the producers weren't in the food chain, the herbivores would starve and die, as well as the carnivores. One change in the food chain is deadly and affects the whole chain severely.
Teenage autonomy is
A) seldom achieved.
B) often reacted to with anger by parents.
C) dysfunctional.
D) best accomplished through scaffolding.
When a parent grants their kid autonomy, they provide them the freedom to choose their own self-expression, beliefs, way of life, and hobbies, hence option B is correct.
What is Teenage autonomy?Every teenager needs to acquire emotional independence. It is an essential component of human growth.
The development of the psychosocial-individual, which is connected to the social-individual interaction, includes emotional autonomy. Through intervention, emotional autonomy might be achieved.
A person's ability to consider and assess their own conduct enhances autonomy since it deals with controlling behavior via the self.
One can develop the ability to ponder in a free, calm, or interested manner, which can aid one in avoiding acting on impulse or under the influence of external or internal compulsion.
Therefore, teenage autonomy is often reacted to with anger by parents.
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