Which of the following refers to a classical conditioning method that exposes an individual to a harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished? A. Flooding B. Systematic desensitization C. Counterconditioning D. Spontaneous recovery
Flooding refers to a classical conditioning method that exposes an individual to a harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished.
Answer:
Systematic desensitization gradually exposes a person to a feared object.
Explanation:
1.Are Algae classified as plants or animals or both? Justify your answer
Algae are a non-monophyletic group, that is that it doesn't share a common ancestor, but share the characteristics of being able to photosynthetize, and the abscense of true vegetative tissues. They are more related to plants than animals, sharing the same type of nutrition (autotrophy) thanks to the acquisition of the chloroplast, which allows them to do photosynthesis. Actually, plants evolved from a group of Algae called Chlorophyta.
So, the correct classification of this organisms isn't neither as plants nor animals.
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According to the rule of conservation of mass, matter cannot be generated or destroyed in a closed or isolated system. It is preserved but capable of changing forms.
What is law of conservation of mass?The understanding that substances do not actually vanish as a result of a reaction, despite what might appear to be the case, but rather change into another material of equal mass, was made possible by the law of conservation of mass, which was essential to the development of chemistry.
The law of conservation of mass was discovered by several scientists, according to history. As a consequence of an experiment in 1756, Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov recorded it in his diary.
French chemist Antoine Lavoisier carefully recorded experiments that supported the law in 1774. Some people refer to the law of conservation of mass as Lavoisier's Law.
Therefore, According to the rule of conservation of mass, matter cannot be generated or destroyed in a closed or isolated system. It is preserved but capable of changing forms.
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Cell A and cell B are both in the final stages of cell division. Which one represents budding?
CELL A
Only cell A
CELL B
O Both cell A and cell B
O Neither cell A nor cell B
O Only cell B
Question 9
hich of the following is NOT part of the theory of evolution by natural selection?Question 6 options:The best-adapted organisms are most likely to reproduce.The traits an organism acquires in its lifetime are passed down to its offspring Genetic variations exist within a population.The best-adapted organisms are most likely to survive.
Natural selection by definition states that the fittest has more chances to reproduce and survive, this advantage is given by the genetic variation in a population (mutations), Therefore taking this into account we can see that, the traits that an organism acquires in its lifetime and passes to offspring is not part of natural selection theory (, in fact this concept is from Lamark which is very different from natural selection,
Explain why meiosis might be considered a special case of mitosis.
Cells reproduce through both meiosis and mitosis, yet they differ significantly from one another.
What is the role of meiosis in organism?While mitosis produces new cells, meiosis is a unique sort of cell division that creates sex cells for reproduction. Researchers from several fields independently discovered the two processes.
The original nucleus divides into two identical nuclei during mitosis. Contrarily, meiosis produces four nuclei, each of which contains half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.
Only the gametes, or cells that develop into sex, the egg, and the sperm, go through meiosis in animals.
Therefore, meiosis might be considered a special case of mitosis.
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Based on the below experiment What is the purpose of the liquid detergent?
Answer:
Liquid detergent can be used to isolate DNA, that is because most of the commercial washing powders contain a mixture of detergents, enzymes and chelating complexes (e.g. EDTA) and this is what is needed to quickly isolate high molecular weight DNA.
Determine if each event most directly affects the geosphere or the biosphere.
Geosphere - mining of gold, iron and silver & an earthquake leads to the formation of a new mountain
Biosphere - mold growing on a plant & deforestation
What is Geosphere?Different definitions of the geosphere have conflicting uses. It can be used to refer to the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere as a whole. Different mass and/or energy flows can be exchanged between the various geosphere collectives (the measurable amount of change). The balance of the various geosphere spheres is impacted by the exchange of these fluxes. As an illustration, consider how the soil functions as both a source of flux exchange and as a component of the biosphere.
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Sinks and sources refers to places within the nutrient cycle where ______ is (are) stored.
A. animals
B. plants
C. nutrients
D. air
Sinks and sources refers to places within the nutrient cycle where nutrients are stored. Thus, the correct option is C.
What is Nutrient Cycle?
A nutrient cycle is the movement and exchange of inorganic and organic matter back into the production of matter. Energy flow is a unidirectional and non-cyclic pathway of energy flow, whereas the movement of mineral nutrients is cyclic in nature. Mineral cycling is bi-directional.
Nutrients have the three basic functions that include providing energy, contribute to the body structure, and regulation of chemical processes in the body.
Sinks and sources refers to places within the nutrient cycle where nutrients are stored. Source is the place where more amount of nutrients is present whereas sinks are the places where the nutrients flow from source.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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As children become adolescents, according to Kohlberg, most of them remain fixed at what level of moral development?
Question 2 options:
Conventional
Interconventional
Preconventional
Postconventional
Answer: A. Conventional should be the correct answer.
Chief material present in the cell wall of plant, fungal and
prokaryotic cell is
Answer:
In the plant cells, cellulose is the primary component of the cell wall, in bacteria the primary component of the cell wall is peptidoglycan and in fungi the primary component of the cell wall is chitin.
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Choose a plant tissue. Write an explanation of how that tissue’s structure relates to its function. Be specific and detailed
Answer:
The vascular tissues, xylem, and phloem are arranged in the vascular bundle and serve to regulate and circulate the nutrients. Xylem transports water, while phloem transports nutrients and organic compounds.
Answer:One plant tissue that is critical to the survival of the plant is the xylem tissue. Xylem tissue is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots of the plant to the rest of the plant, including the leaves and stem. The structure of the xylem tissue is specifically designed to perform this function efficiently and effectively.
Xylem tissue is made up of two main types of cells: tracheids and vessel elements. These cells are long and cylindrical, with a hollow center that allows for the easy flow of water and minerals. Tracheids are thin-walled cells that have tapered ends, and they are found in all vascular plants. Vessel elements are larger in diameter than tracheids and have thinner walls. They are found only in angiosperms (flowering plants) and gymnosperms (non-flowering plants).
The walls of tracheids and vessel elements contain lignin, a hard and durable material that provides structural support to the plant. The presence of lignin allows the cells to withstand the high pressure that is created when water is transported through them. The walls of the cells are also impermeable, meaning that they do not allow water to escape, which is crucial for the efficient transport of water and minerals throughout the plant.
In addition to tracheids and vessel elements, xylem tissue also contains parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells. Parenchyma cells are thin-walled cells that provide support and store nutrients. Sclerenchyma cells are thicker-walled cells that provide structural support and protection to the plant.
The structure of xylem tissue allows it to perform its function of water and mineral transport efficiently. The hollow center of the tracheids and vessel elements allows for the easy flow of water and minerals, while the presence of lignin in the cell walls provides support and prevents the cells from collapsing under pressure. The impermeable walls of the cells ensure that water and minerals are not lost during transport, and the parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells provide additional support and protection to the plant. Overall, the structure of xylem tissue is crucial to the survival of the plant, as it ensures the efficient and effective transport of water and minerals throughout the plant.
Explanation:
State the composition of the chromatography solvent used; is this solvent predominantly polar or non polar?
In the composition of the chromatography solvent used for mixes of chemicals with drastically differing polarities, a polar gradient is used.
Solvents: Hexane is a typical non-polar solvent for thin-layer and chromatography. There are numerous polar solvents that it can be utilized with.
As opposed to separate continuous phases like those found in suspensions, emulsions, and other non-solution mixtures, a solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules occurring as solvates (solvent-solute complexes).
There are three parts to the setup. A solution that rises the stationary phase as a result of capillary action is known as the mobile phase. The stationary phase typically consists of polar inorganic solvent water, while the mobile phase typically consists of a combination of non-polar organic solvents.
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Chromosomal
centromeres separate
and chromosomes pull
apart to opposite ends of
the cell
Anaphase the shortest mitosis stage. The centromeres split, and spindle fibers connected to the kinetochore regions pull the sister chromatids of each chromosome apart, or "disjoin," and transfer them to the opposing ends of the cell.
What is mitosis ?
When a single cell (the mom) divides in to the two genetically identical daughter cells, this process of cell division is known as mitosis. The phase of cell division known as mitosis, when referring to the cell cycle, is when the DNA in the cell's nucleus is split into two identical sets of chromosomes. The shortest mitosis stage is anaphase. The sister chromatids of each chromosome are pulled apart, or "disjoined," by spindle fibres linked to the kinetochore regions as the centromeres separate, and are then transferred to the opposite ends of the cell.
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The researchers Coon and Steinberg found that which of the following contributed to intellectual performance among people from similar economic and social backgrounds?
Question 6 options:
Cognition
Heredity
Emotions
Parenting style
The parenting style contributes to the intellectual performance among people from similar economic and social backgrounds.
Parenting style is a psychological behavior that represents the way in which the parents perform the upbringing of their children. The parenting style is affected by a variety of factors like the surroundings, economic status, culture, experiences, etc.
Social background refers to the type of family an individual has. It involves the upbringing of the person, their intellect, their lifestyle, their family background, etc. The social background is the determinant of the kind of person an individual is. However, it is not compulsory that a person lives or behaves according to its social background.
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What is the difference between the greenhouse effect and the enhanced greenhouse effect? A. there is no difference between the two.B. the greenhouse effect is a natural warming process, but the enhanced greenhouse effect has a cooling effect on earth. C. the enhanced greenhouse effect has natural causes, and the greenhouse effect is due to human activity.D. the greenhouse effect has natural causes, and the enhanced greenhouse effect is due to human activity.
The greenhouse effect is a natural proccess that allows the development of life, it has natural causes. On the other hand, the enhaced greenhouse effect, also know as climate change or global warming, it's reffered to the impact on the climate caused by the overheating of the Earth's surface because of the human activity. Then, option D is correct.
Homeostasis is key to maintaining good health, so the body has many systems that are involved in ?that provide both positive and negative feedback to support a healthy equilibrium.
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Answer:
Homeostasis regulation
Cellular Respiration and Energy
Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is Gated proteins control the rate of diffusion.
Molecules move up the concentration gradient
ATP is required to move molecules through the protein channels.
Molecules move from an area of low to high concentration.
The three phosphate groups of the ATP molecule have negative charges that are given by the oxygen atoms they possess. Because the negative charges repel each other it is extremely difficult to keep the phosphate groups together and therefore the bonds that exist between them are very strong, for this reason when a phosphate bond is broken to convert ATP to ADP, a large amount of energy is released. This is why ATP works so well as an energy molecule. Therefore, the answer is A (they have the same charge and repel each other)
Improve the student’s model of gas exchange by drawing the missing component.
The organs where gas exchange takes place are the element missing from the diagram. All regions of the body receive oxygenated blood from the lungs through the red blood cells.
What is the gas exchange process?The circulation receives oxygen from the lungs during gas exchange. The blood and lungs exchange carbon dioxide at the same time. This occurs in the lungs between the capillaries, which are a network of microscopic blood arteries found in the walls of the alveoli, and the alveoli themselves.
Briefing:The diagram can be improved by:
Lungs
↓
oxygen
↓
Red blood cells (carrying oxygen)
↓
Organs where carbon is removed from and oxygen is provided,
like as the stomach and liver
↓
Carbon dioxide is transported to the lungs by RBCs.
The organs where gas exchange takes place are the element missing from the diagram. All regions of the body receive oxygenated blood from the lungs through the red blood cells, which also transport waste carbon dioxide gas back to the lungs. The lungs then exhale the carbon dioxide.
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Explain why it is easier to design a drug to treat a bacterial infection than to treat a viral infection.
Let's define a couple of terms:
• Bacteria are defined as ,prokaryotes,. They are simple-celled organisms, consisting of only genetic material, a cell wall or a cell membrane, ribosomes, cytosol, and cilia or flagella.
,• Viruses are considered ,nonliving,. They are inactive and inject their viral genome into a host cell. Viruses are one of the smallest things on this planet. Viruses need a host cell in order to infect and replicate.
Taking this information into context, we can answer the question:
It is easier to treat a bacterial infection because they are separate organisms from the host organism. It is easier to target something bigger and more definitive and won't harm the host itself all too much.
Compared to a viral infection, it is extremely difficult to treat since any treatment would have to target the host organism's cell, as viruses inject their viral genome and take over the host cell and force it to assemble more viruses and release them. This is why we create vaccines, to prevent viral infections.
A__is a segment of DNA that contains a single unit of information.
A gene is a segment of DNA that contains a single unit of information.
How is a gene a DNA segment?It follows that every living cells consist of a chromosome which contains the genes. Structurally, the genes consist of two different nucleic acid which are the deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) and ribonucleic acid ( RNA ).
That being said the genes are the units of inheritance. The characters or traits of parents are expressed in the offspring through the genes.
So therefore, we now confirm that a portion or component of the DNA is the gene.
Complete question:
A__is a segment of DNA that contains a single unit of information.
a. Chromosome
b. Gene
c. Sugar
d. Nitrogen base.
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in a DNA molecule having 1400 bases has 400 adenine bases .so what will be the number of thyamine bases?
Answer: 400
Explanation:
Thymine pairs with adenine so their numbers are equal.
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Use the table below to determine the amino acids that correspond with the mRNA sequence GAAUUUACGAAA
glutamic acid—tyrosine—arginine – glycine
glycine—aspartic acid—valine---histidine
leucine—lysine—cysteine---phenylalanine
glutamic acid—phenylalanine—threonine—lysine
According to the table that represents the genetic code, the amino acid sequence that corresponds with the mRNA sequence GAA UUU ACG AAA is glutamic acid-phenylalanine-threonine-lysine (Option D).
What is the genetic code?The genetic code is the information contained in the DNA sequence, which is sued to produce a given sequence of amino acids in a protein during translation. The triplets of nuclotides or codons in DNA are used to generate the proteins, e.g., the GAA codon is used to add glutamic acid.
The genetic code links a given sequence of amino acids during the translation in the ribosome with specific codons in the mRNA sequence, which are complementary to the DNA sequence obtained during translation since transcription and translation are cellular processes that are interrelated and dependent on each other to produce a protein.
Therefore, we can conclude that the sequence glutamic acid - phenylalanine - threonine - lysine is encoded by using the mRNA sequence GAA UUU ACG AAA (Option D).
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Explain the differences between weather and climate. Give 2 examples of each.
Answer:
Weather is a short-lived and random changes in the atmosphere, from rain to snow to hot summer months. While, Climate is usually a set temperature for a long period of time. Some examples of a climate are Antarctica, usually being cold and snowing all the time, even in summer months.
Bonobos are distinct from chimpanzees in what way(s)?
O Regularly walk on two legs with ease.
O Alpha females and their sons rule the group.
O They use sex as a way to diffuse aggression and tension within the group.
O All of the above.
Bonobos are distinct from chimpanzees in what way they regularly walk on two legs with ease, alpha females and their sons rule the group.and use sex as a way to diffuse aggression and tension within the group (all options are correct).
What are Bonobos?Bonobos are a group of primates that have certain behavioral characteristics which may be associated with humans and other primates species. This species (Bonobos) is well known to have certain reproductive strategies that might make more efficient natural selection under certain conditions.
Bonobos are animals that share certain features with humans which include bipedalism and certain reproductive features in order to increase the reproductive fitness of the species in the environment in which they develop.
Therefore, we can conclude that Bonobos are primates that regularly walk on two legs like humans and share certain reproductive strategies.
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What evidence supports effects of the environment on natural selection?
Darwin's theory of natural selection states that organisms that are best adapted to their environment have the highest chances of survival.
He found physical characteristics such as beak size, weight, and number of eggs laid. It depended on the type of food they ate and the environment of the island. This observation paved the way for establishing the process of natural selection in evolution.
This means that the genetic code carried by these surviving organisms is the code that is passed on. This is the form of this organism that survived while others did not. Of all the evidence Darwin used to support his theory of evolution, the most famous was Darwin's finch in the Galapagos Islands off mainland Ecuador.
How did the environment influence the process of natural selection?
Deleterious mutations were eliminated by natural selection. Because frogs with mutations did not survive. Beneficial mutations were reinforced because frogs carrying the mutation had the highest chances of survival and reproduction. This shows how the environment influences the process of natural selection.
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Standard NCES.7.L.2.1-What is the most likely reason a parent jellyfish looks identical to its offspring?
Group of answer choices
The jellyfish reproduces through meiosis.
The jellyfish reproduces through fertilization.
The jellyfish reproduces through sexual reproduction.
The jellyfish reproduces through asexual reproduction.
Answer:
It is because the jellyfish reproduces through asexual reproduction.
Each of the semicircular canals are in a different ____________ of space, so as fluid flows, it causes a series of reactions that change the pattern of signals carried by the ____________ nerve to the brain.
Each of the semicircular canals are in a different dimensions of space, so as fluid flows, it causes a series of reactions that change the pattern of signals carried by the vestibular nerve to the brain.
The superior, horizontal, and posterior designators refer to the three semicircular canals of the bone labyrinth. The dimensional difference in these canals is as follows: The superior and posterior canals are at right angles to each other on diagonal vertical planes. The ampulla of the horizontal canal lie close together and opens into the vestibule.
Semicircular canals determines the movements of head along with the audition. The nerve responsible for this movement control is vestibular nerve. The vestibular nerve transmits motion and positional information. The vestibular system involves coordinated communication between the cerebral cortex, brain stem, ocular muscles, postural muscles, and vestibular apparatus including semicircular canals.
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Cytokinins are a class of plant hormones that help regulate growth by promoting cell division. cytokinins are produced mainly in meristematic tissue, where most plant growth occurs. which system carries cytokinins produced in the roots to the rest of the plant?F Vascular systemG Dermal systemH Reproductive systemJ None of thes
As we know the plants constantly are distributing nutrients, hormones, proteins, and waste compounds along with the whole plant, just like animals plants possess a circulatory system, named the vascular system. So we can say that the correct answer is option F.
In Pavlov’s experiments, what was an example of an unconditioned response?
Question 4 options:
The ringing of the bell when the food was offered.
The dog’s salivation when the bell was rung.
The food the dog was offered.
The dog’s salivation without stimulus.
In Pavlov's experiment, he showed that the dog's salivation can be conditioned with the sound of the ringing of the bell. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is Pavlov's experiment?
Pavlov showed in his experiment that dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a ringing bell if that ringing sound was repeatedly presented at the same time as that when they were given the food. First the dogs were presented with the food, they salivated. The food was the unconditioned stimulus in this experiment and salivation was an innate response.
In the classical conditioning experiment, an unconditioned response is an unlearned response that occurs innately in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus with a condition.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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Which of the following are examples that the particles of matter are in motion?
a. You can smell the turkey dinner far from the kitchen where it is being cooked.
b. Adding a pinch of red cayenne pepper powder to white milk turns the milk pinkish.
c. Dissolving sugar in water makes the water sweet.
D. All of the above
e. None of the above
Answer:
Explanation:
Short Answer D
If you see any change at all, you know something is moving where it was not moving before.
The smell of turkey (or perfume) can only happen if atoms are moving from the kitchen to your nose. There is no other transport mechanism.
A change of color is most often associated with chemical reactions, but it need not be that alone. The molecules can just be moving around and lend their color to (in this case) white milk.
Well this one is a little tough. You can't see anything happening if you put (say) a 1/2 teaspoon of sugar in an 8 oz cup. But you know something has happened to the water when you taste it. Taste is one of our senses and when we detect something like sweetness we know that something sweet has been add to what we drink. Only molecular motion can account for that.