Answer: It is approximately the membrane potential at which the electrochemical gradient for Na+ is zero.
Explanation:
The charge in plasma membrane occurs with diffusion and electric fields.
For example, if there are two solutions, let's assume solution X and Solution Y are separated by a porous barrier (to diffuse in equal proportions).
The fundamental principle of diffusion states that solution from a high concentration diffuses to a lower concentration.
For instance, if the X solution contains 40 sodium ions and 40 chloride ions, the Y solution only has 30 sodium and 30 chloride ions. Due to the diffusion, these two solutions will mix and reach a steady-state.
The like charges repel, and opposite charges attract.
Would you rather work as a veterinarian with birds or reptiles? Why?
And which reptile or bird is your favorite? **Just curious:)
birds
hummingbird because of its wing speed
Distinguish between fast and slow twitch fibers. When are they used? Which have more mitochondria?
Fast twitch fibers is used for powerful movement whereas slow twitch fibers are used for long endurance.
What are the difference between fast and slow twitch fibers?The main difference between slow and fast twitch fibers is that the slow twitch fibers are the muscle fibers that are used for long endurance such as distance running while on the other hand, fast twitch fibers are the muscle fibers used for a powerful movements such as sprinting. Slow twitch fibers have have more mitochondria as compared to fast twitch fiber.
So we can conclude that fast twitch fibers is used for powerful movement whereas slow twitch fibers are used for long endurance.
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The answers include:
Slow twitch fiber use energy slowly and fairly evenly while the fast twitch fiber use up energy very quickly.Slow twitch fiber are used for long term actions while fast twitch fiber is used for short term actions.Slow twitch fiber has more mitochondrion.What is Mitochondrion?This is referred to the organelle which is known as the power house of the cells where ATP is produced.
Slow twitch fiber contain more mitochondrion which is why they are fatigue resistant. Fast twitch fiber on the other hand, gets tired quickly due to the lesser number of mitochondrion.
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Select the right coronary artery. This artery and its branches supply blood to the right ventricle and the right atrium. It extends from the _________________________ and runs to the right of the _________________________.
This artery and its branches supply blood to the right ventricle and the right atrium. It extends from the right anterior aortic sinus and runs to the right of the coronary sulcus.
The right coronary artery components the right atrium, the right ventricle, the posterior one-1/3 of the interventricular septum, and the inferior portion of the septum.
right coronary artery (RCA). The right coronary artery components blood to the proper ventricle, the right atrium, and the SA (sinoatrial) and AV (atrioventricular) nodes, which alter the coronary heart rhythm.
The proper coronary artery (RCA) is certainly one of the primary coronary vessels that deliver the myocardium (the other being the left coronary artery). It originates from the right aortic sinus of the ascending aorta and runs within the right part of the atrioventricular groove (coronary sulcus) wrapping across the right side of the coronary heart.
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Gymnosperms and angiosperms evolved ______ allowing them to live and reproduce in drier habitats than bryophytes and seedless vascular plants.
Gymnosperms and angiosperms evolved seeds and pollen grains allowing them to live and reproduce in drier habitats than bryophytes and seedless vascular plants.
Gymnosperms are plants which bear seeds without fruits or without any outer coverings. These plants also do not produce flowers. Most plants under this group have needle-shaped leaves. This is an adaptation as these plants grow in colder conditions. Gymnosperms. These plants produce pollen without bearing flowers. Angiosperms are found in almost all climatic conditions. These plants bear flowers and produce seeds that are enclosed inside a fruit or inside an ovary. The seeds of angiosperms have a single cotyledon.
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What are the 4 main steps of cellular respiration
Answer:
glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
Explanation:
The stages of cellular respiration include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
A recent study of a model organism found that a specific HMG protein localized mainly to the ends of chromosomes. Given this result, the site of localization for this HMG protein would correspond to regions in humans that:
A recent study of a model organism found that a specific HMG protein localized mainly to the ends of chromosomes. Given this result, the site of localization for this HMG protein would correspond to regions in humans that Contain heterochromatin similar to that of centromeres.
Telomeres are regions at chromosomal ends that are time and again truncated with every round of the cellular department. Centromeresjoin sister chromatids and are required for correct chromosome division for the duration of mitosis.
Notwithstanding their different chromosomal locations, each telomere and centromere are composed of heterochromatin, a tightly condensed complex of DNA wrapped around histones.
Due to its structurally restrictive form, heterochromatin is transcriptionally inactive, which means that proteins liable for regulating gene expression can't get entry into the tightly packed DNA. As an end result, hetechromatic regions are often gene-bad and incorporate repetitive DNA.
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The presence of ________ dramatically increases the speed at which an action potential moves along an axon.
Answer:
Myelin
Explanation:
Which element is a metal?
O A. Ne
O B. Xe
C. F
D. Mo
Answer:
D. Molybdenum
So a metal is: a class of elements characterized by physical properties that include shininess, malleability, ductility, and conductivity.
So what is molybdenum?
It has the atomic number 42 and is a silvery-gray transition metal. Although the free element is not found in nature, it has an extremely high melting point—the sixth highest of all known elements. It is mostly mined and manufactured for alloying, notably with steel.
Uses for molybdenum metal include:
An alloying agent gives quenched and tempered steels their hardenability and toughness. Additionally, it increases steels' strength at high temperatures (red-hardness). In nickel-based alloys (such Hastelloys) and stainless steels, it gives chemical solutions heat resistance and corrosion resistance. Electrodes for forehearths and glass furnaces that use electricity for heating. Uses for nuclear energy, such as in missile and aircraft parts (where high temperature resistance is vital).As a catalyst in the petroleum refining process. In electronic and electrical applications as a filament material.As a pillar of support for lightbulbs and radios.Electric connections that are arc resistant.Sheaths for thermocouplesCoatings for other metals that prevent corrosion and flames (generally arc deposited for metallising).Which form of oral contraceptive releases different levels of estrogen and progesterone to mimic the hormonal fluctuations of the natural menstrual cycle
Multiphasic pills form of oral contraceptive releases different levels of estrogen and progesterone to mimic the hormonal fluctuations of the natural menstrual cycle.
What is the purpose of multiphasic pills?The dosages and progestin-to-estrogen ratios during the 21-day cycle are changed using multiphasic tablets.
What is oral contraceptive?a pill that is used to avoid pregnancy. It contains hormones that prevent the ovaries from releasing eggs.
What are the types in oral contraceptives?The combination pillThe progestin-only pillThe continuous use pill.Learn more about oral contraceptive here:
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If a group of black true-breeding mice and a group of white true-breeding mice are mated, and the result is all gray offspring, what inheritance pattern would this be indicative of
If a group of black true-breeding mice and a group of white true-breeding mice are mated, and the result is all gray offspring, what inheritance pattern would this be indicative of incomplete dominance.
Incomplete dominance consequences from a move wherein each parental contribution is genetically precise and offer upward thrust to progeny whose phenotype is intermediate.
Incomplete dominance is also known as semi-dominance and partial dominance. Mendel defined dominance however not incomplete dominance.
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If your fingernails grew at the same rate as the Atlantic Ocean is spreading , how long would they be after one year ?
Explanation:
My nails will be 50 cm long as the Atlantic grows 2cm
The best definition for a fossil is:
A. An artifact from an ancient society
B. The remains of an organism that just died
C. The remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago
D. Something very old
abc or d and a simple explanation
pls be 100% sure of your answer
Advantages of vegetative reproduction
Answer:
Vegetative reproduction is any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagation.
see the attached file for advantages
Suppose that you were a researcher trying to understand how rising levels of atmospheric CO2 might affect ragweed plants, and thus seasonal ragweed allergies. What questions, hypotheses, and predictions might you want to study
Prediction a - Plants grown at higher CO2 levels will produce more pollen.
Hypothesis 2 b - CO2 levels affect the concentration of protein allergens in ragweed pollen.
Prediction c - Plants grown at higher CO2 levels will produce higher concentrations of allergens.
Researchers developed two hypotheses to explain why ragweed allergies appear to be getting worse as the global climate changes.• CO2 levels affect ragweed pollen production, with plants that grow at higher CO2 levels producing more pollen.
CO2 levels affect the concentration of allergens (the proteins that actually trigger allergic reactions) found in ragweed pollen, with plants that grow at higher CO2 levels characterized by pollen with higher concentrations of allergens.
The image is attached below showing the flow chart with answers.
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The specific pattern of genes inherited at conception defines an individual's Group of answer choices phenotype. genotype. genomic imprint. somatotype.
The specific pattern of genes inherited at conception defines an individual's is genotype.
What is a genotype?The genotype of an organism is the particular arrangement of alleles for a particular gene.
The term "genotype" refers to a person's entire gene pool. All visible traits for which genes contain the coding are collectively referred to as phenotypes.
There are three types of genotypes:
homozygous dominanthomozygous recessiveheterozygous.So, The correct option is B.
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Beginning with the flow phase, arrange the biochemical processes in the order in which they occur during the menstrual cycle.
FSH and LH stimulate the follicles to develop and the oocyte to produce estrogen.
A breakdown of corpus luteum causes progesterone levels to drop.
A spike in LH causes the follicle to rupture.
The endometrial lining breaks down and low levels of estrogen stimulate the pituitary to release FSH and LH.
Rising estrogen levels suppress FSH production and development of other follicles.
High progesterone levels maintain the endometrial lining of the uterus.
The biochemical processes in the order in which they occur during the menstrual cycle.
FSH and LH stimulate the follicles to develop and the oocyte to produce estrogen.Rising estrogen levels suppress FSH production and the development of other follicles.Elevated levels of progesterone maintain the endometrial lining of the uterus.An LH surge causes the follicle to rupture.The breakdown of the corpus luteum causes progesterone levels to drop.The endometrial lining breaks down and low estrogen levels stimulate the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH.How is the menstrual cycle regulated?The menstrual cycle is regulated by the complex interaction of hormones: luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.
With this information, we can conclude that progesterone is a hormone that is responsible for regulating a woman's menstrual cycle, preparing the uterus to receive the fertilized egg and preventing it from being expelled by the body.
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Why can water provide a stable liquid environment within cells when the temperature changes?
Answer:
Water has a very high specific heat capacity. This is because energy is needed to break hydrogen bonds. water resists temperature changes, providing a more stable environment within cells and for aquatic organisms.
Why lactic acid fermentation is considered a type of Anaerobic respiration, when both of them are different things.
Answer:
Lactic acid fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration
(or fermentation) that breaks down sugars to produce
energy in the form of ATP. It is called anaerobic because it
occurs in the absence of oxygen . Lactic acid is generated
as a byproduct of this reaction, which is what gives this
type of fermentation its name.
and also Lactic acid fermentation is the type of anaerobic
respiration carried out by yogurt bacteria (Lactobacillus
and others)
What happens during crossing over?
1. spindle fibers form and attach to centromeres.
2. Homologous chromosomes trade pieces of DNA.
3, Sister chromatids form tetrads and line up randomly.
4. Tetrads separate and produce two haploid daughter cells.
A dilated vein that returns blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium is the __________.
10. Suppose a human blood cell containing a 0.9 percent solute concentration was put into a container of a 30 percent solute solution. Would the blood cell get bigger or smaller?
If the blood cell (hypotonic) is placed inside the 30% solute solution (hypertonic), then the cell will become smaller in the size (shrink) because of the osmotic pressure.
What are hypotonic and hypertonic solutions?Hypotonic solutions have lower solute concentrations compared to the hypertonic solution with a higher solute concentration. The blood cells have a hypotonic environment on their inside as it contains 0.9 % solute concentration.
The outer of the cell has a 30 % solute concentration making it hypertonic and hence the water from the cell will move out into the more concentrated solution making the cell shrink in the size.
Therefore, the blood cell will shrink in hypertonic solution.
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Compare and contrast genetic engineering to the process of natural selection
Answer:
1) By selecting the genetic information that is passed on to future generations, genetic engineering is similar to natural selection.
3) By selecting the genetic information that is passed on to future generations, genetic engineering can happen at a different rate than natural selection.
4) Like natural selection, genetic engineering may be used on all organisms, including humans.
Explanation: In natural selection there is overtime selection for one particular trait and is mostly based on phenotype, whilst genetic engineering uses genotype of an organism and it is the deliberate modification of an organism by manipulating the genetic material
Liam is dehydrated because he has not drank enough water and has been exercising.
how will his body's endocrine system respond? why?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released by the hypothalamus through the posterior pituitary gland. The kidneys receive a signal from ADH to extract water from urine, which effectively dilutes the blood plasma.
What is dehydration?A condition that develops when the body loses too much of the fluids it needs to function normally, including water.
How does the endocrine system respond to dehydration?A person who is dehydrated, characterized by a net loss of water, which leaves insufficient water in the tissues and blood. Eventually, blood plasma is used to remove the water that leaves the body as exhaled air, perspiration, or urine. The thirst response, a chain of physiological events, is initiated as the blood gets more concentrated. In the thirst center of the hypothalamus, osmoreceptors are sensory receptors that keep track of the blood's osmolality, or solute content. The hypothalamus sends signals that cause a person to become aware of their thirst if blood osmolality rises above a healthy level. Water consumption is the appropriate response, and it usually is.
A dehydrated person's hypothalamus also releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) via the posterior pituitary gland. The blood plasma is diluted as a result of ADH telling the kidneys to extract water from urine. A dehydrated person's hypothalamus also tells the salivary glands in the mouth to preserve water through the sympathetic nervous system. The signals cause a decrease in the release of watery, sour substances. This alteration in secretions causes "dry mouth" and a thirst-inducing sensation.
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An insecticide may be applied on a cropland to combat a particular species of beetle. After the insecticide is applied, 75% of the beetles die. The beetles that died were unable to avoid or detoxify the chemical and were thus killed by
The beetles that died were unable to avoid or detoxify the chemical and were thus killed by nerve poison insecticides.
Chemicals called insecticides are used to kill insects or stop them from acting in an unwanted or destructive way. Their structure and mechanism of operation are used to categorize them.Most insecticides function by interfering with the insect's nervous system. The herbicide prevents neurotransmitters in synapses from transmitting information. Acetylcholine is the name of the substance that the body produces and uses to transmit information through synapses. Muscles can relax because of an enzyme called cholinesterase that binds to acetylcholine.Through the synapses, acetylcholine communicates with the muscles. The cholinesterase is impacted when a pesticide is administered at a deadly dose for a specific body, preventing it from binding with the acetylcholine. The muscles become overstimulated as a result, which will cause paralysis and death.
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Sickle cell anemia is a disease that causes the blood cells to be shaped like sickles instead of being circular. The table describes the phenotype of red blood cells when a particular genotype is present.
The type of inheritance that is shown by the genes that control sickle cell anemia is Codominance. The genes have a codominant pattern of inheritance because the heterozygous forms depict both traits equally.
What is Codominance?Co dominance may be defined as a condition where both alleles in heterozygous conditions give visible expression. In this situation, there is no dominant-recessive relationship between the alleles is observed.
In sickle cell anemia, the heterozygous conditions show the traits of both normal shapes of RBCs as well as the sickle shapes of RBCs. Thus, this type of inheritance pattern is known as Codominance.
The complete question is as follows:
Genotype Effect
homozygous recessive sickle cellshomozygous dominant normal, circular blood cellsheterozygous some normal cells and some sickle cells in the bloodWhat type of inheritance is shown by the genes that control sickle cell anemia? Explain your response.
Therefore, the type of inheritance that is shown by the genes that control sickle cell anemia is Codominance.
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what are the feutures are class hexactinellida
Answer:lack an epidermal covering, and their skeletons are composed of spicules of silica.
Explanation:
The spicules, which often form a latticework, have six points or some multiple thereof. Glass sponges are pale in color and are cup- or basket-shaped.
3. A gene has the base sequence that starts with GAC TGA CGA TTA.
a) What would be the complementary DNA strand formed from this DNA?
(ctg acr get aat)
b) What would be the mRNA base sequence formed from this DNA sequence? (3 points)
(I need help on B)
The complementary base sequence is CTG ACT GCT AAT whereas the mRNA is CUG ACU GCU AAU.
What is RNA?The RNA is a complementary nucleic acid sequence of a DNA strand obtained from the process of transcription.
In RNA, Thymine bases are replaced by Uracil bases (other nucleotide bases are equal to DNA sequence).
In conclusion, The complementary base sequence of this gene is CTG ACT GCT AAT and the mRNA encoded from this sequence is CUG ACU GCU AAU.
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What is the process that all grade a milk must go through to destroy pathogenic bacteria?.
Answer:
pasteurization
Explanation:
what are two likey results of mitosis in an earthworm
Explain the processes of venous return in the abdomen. do not just list them! why must the veins employ these methods?
Answer:
Venous return (VR) is the flow of blood back to the heart.
Venous return to the right atrium is the most important factor determining cardiac output, provided both ventricles and the pulmonary circulation are normal.
Explanation:
Venous return refers to the flow of blood from the periphery back to the right atrium, and except for periods of a few seconds, it is equal to cardiac output.
Venous return is facilitated by a number of factors, including inspiration, increased total blood volume, increased venomotor tone, the cardiac suction effect, the presence of venous valves and the skeletal muscle pump.
Contraction of the skeletal muscles surrounding veins increases the pressure within the veins, pushing open the proximal valve and forcing blood toward the heart. For example, when calf muscles contract during exercise, blood is forced toward the heart, thus increasing venous return.
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