What would be a reasonable outcome following the complete disappearance of wolves? Gray wolf Red fox Pronghorn Coyote Vole Snowshoe hare Grass, willow, berries O a Coyotes may increase because one of their primary predators is gone ob Coyotes may decline because they eat wolves c. Voles may decline as coyotes become less abundant O d. Grass, willow, and berries will increase as more elk become available
Answers
Option d, Grass, willow, and berries will increase as more elk become available. In the above given diagram of a food web the reasonable outcome following the complete disappearance of the wolves.
Elk are grazing mammals, thus grasses and certain trees would suffer a rise in population. Similar to wolves elk populations will grow, so would elk's predator populations. Elk-hunting and elk-eating predator populations would have a greater food source. An increase in a food supply increases the amount of food available to the entire population, allowing disappearance of wolves to live and procreate. Grass , willow and berries will increase
The complete question is:
What would be a reasonable outcome following the complete disappearance of wolves?
a ) Coyotes may increase because one of their primary predators is gone b ) Coyotes may decline because they eat wolves.
c ) wolves may decline as wolves become less abundant
d ) Grass, willow, and berries will increase as more elk become available.
reference image is provided below.
As more elk become available.
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Related Questions
A negative correlation coefficient means
Answers
Increasing one variable diminishes the other in a negative correlation. Correlation coefficients are +1 to -1. Negative correlations are below zero.
What is a negative correlation coefficient?
The strength of a linear link between two variables can be statistically measured using a statistic called the correlation coefficient.
A relationship between two variables is said to have a negative correlation when the value of one variable increases while the value of the second variable falls as the value of the first variable increases.
The value that is obtained by expressing correlation on a scale ranging from +1 to -1 is referred to as the correlation coefficent. A negative correlation is expressed by values that are less than zero.
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Photosynthesis plays an important role in maintaining life in most ecosystems on Earth because it has an impact on how organisms obtain their energy. Write a claim that supports the idea that photosynthesis helps sustain life on Earth, and support that claim with at least one piece of evidence.
Answers
Photosynthesis and the living beings that are dependent on human beings are very much dependent on each other where they both have interlinked relationship. The support that responds to such claims are cellular respiration and the light reactions in the plants that are taking place in the living beings in the present of light.
What is the most common source of solar energy ?It is the sun that provides solar energy and heat that is required for the almost every living being present on Earth.
To convert solar energy into chemical energy that is stored in the living cells at that moment the conversion is possible because of the solar energy only.
Most of the life that is dependent on photosynthesis that is carried out by the photosynthesis via plants, animals and some types of bacteria which capture sunlight from sun some types of photosynthesis are dependent on the sun as well specially in the case of photosynthetic bacteria.
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PLEASE ANSWER #5 ASAP !!!
Answers
a) Organelle A= Golgi apparatus.
b) Substance A= Matrix
c) Substance B= Ribosome
What is Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus, also called the Golgi complex or Golgi apparatus, is a membrane-bound organelle of eukaryotic cells (cells with well-defined nuclei) that consists of a series of flat-stacked sacs called cisternae. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for the transport, modification, and packaging of proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to specific destinations. It is located in the cytoplasm near the nucleus next to the endoplasmic reticulum. Many cell types contain only one or more Golgi apparatus, whereas plant cells may contain hundreds of Golgi apparatus.
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show how the microbial cell employs its genetic information (gene expression) to produce protein and gene products. explain the general process of transcription and translation including the major steps of initiation, elongation and termination).
Answers
At the promoter region, RNA polymerase initiates the process by separating the DNA strands and connecting the RNA nucleotides as they base pair with the DNA template.
When the polymerase descends, it breaks down the DNA and stretches the RNA transcript to its third prime end. The strand starts to form a double helix as this happens. The RNA transcript is released during termination, and the polymerase breaks its connection to the DNA.Transduction eliminates the need for cell-to-cell interaction by using a virus called a bacteriophage to function as a conduit for moving bacteria genes from one cell to another. Transduction can be divided into two categories: generalized transduction and specialized transduction.To know more about RNA nucleotides
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Grasses were not killed off by
water
fire
insects
but small trees were killed.
Answers
Grasses were not killed off by fire but small trees were killed. The balance of nature is important as any disturbance in it can lead to loss of a species.
What is the balance of nature?Balance in nature is the interaction between the biotic and abiotic components of nature in equilibrium. Both the components are interdependent on each other. Therefore, if there is problem in anyone of the components an imbalance in the whole ecosystem will result. And, thus the removal of any one organism from the ecosystem may have severe consequences and disturbance in the ecosystem.
Sufficient amount of resources to all living organisms and their stability reflect the existence of ecological balance. Therefore, this balance in the nature is very important as it ensures survival, existence and stability of the environment. The survival of all the living organisms depends upon the ecological balance. Fire is an abiotic component which can destroy small trees in an ecosystem.
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Lower motor neurons responsible for posture and locomotion are found in the _______ and primarily receive
input from upper motor neurons in the _______.
a. medial ventral horn; brainstem
b. lateral ventral horn; brainstem
c. medial ventral horn; cerebral cortex
d. lateral ventral horn; cerebral cortex
e. medial dorsal horn; brainstem
Answers
The brainstem's lateral ventral horn is home to lower motor neurons that are principally responsible for posture and mobility. higher motor neurons' input into the cerebral cortex.
Option b is correct
Where are the lower motor neurons located?Lower motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord are what start skeletal (striated) muscle contraction. The ventral horn of the spinal cord's gray matter, as well as the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves in the brainstem, both house the cell bodies of lower neurons.
Where are the motor neurons involved in posture located?Neuroscience - NCBI Bookshelf: Motor Control Centers in the Brainstem: Upper Motor Neurons That Maintain Balance and Posture.
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the tertiary structure of a protein is determined by its 1. interactions among r groups. 2. right-handed coil. 3. hydrogen bonding. 4. branching. 5. glycosidic linkages.
Answers
The correct option is 1. The tertiary structure of a protein is determined by its interactions among R groups.
Interactions among R groups: The R groups, or side chains, of the amino acids in a protein interact with each other and can form various types of chemical bonds, such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. These interactions help to stabilize the tertiary structure of the protein.
Tertiary structure refers to the three-dimensional structure of a complex molecule such as a protein. It is the most complex level of structure and is responsible for the molecule's shape, size, and function. It is also responsible for the molecule's ability to interact with other molecules, such as in enzyme-substrate interactions or DNA-protein interactions.
It is an important aspect of molecular biology and biochemistry and can be studied using a variety of techniques such as x-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy.
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Tropic hormones, or tropins, include several hormones produced by which structure?.
Answers
Answer:
Anterior pituitary
Explanation:
Most tropic hormones are produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary. The hypothalamus secretes tropic hormones that target the anterior pituitary, and the thyroid gland secretes thyroxine, which targets the hypothalamus and therefore can be considered a tropic hormone.
Many of the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary are tropic hormones (tropins)
Answer:anterior pituitary. I hope this helps
Explanation:
Most tropic hormones are produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary. The hypothalamus secretes tropic hormones that target the anterior pituitary, and the thyroid gland secretes thyroxine, which targets the hypothalamus and therefore can be considered a tropic hormone.The anterior pituitary produces ACTH. It is considered a tropic hormone. Tropic hormones indirectly affect target cells by first stimulating other endocrine glands
transposition may result in gene disruption as well as provide elements that can gene expression patterns.
Answers
Transposition may result in gene disruption as well as provide elements that can alter gene expression patterns.
We used global transposon mutagenesis in investigations of the lowest genetic needs for life to pinpoint the genes required for a minimal bacterial genome. In addition to impairing a gene's functionality, transposon insertion can also have polar opposite effects on the expression of nearby genes.
Because they make it easier for exons to be moved about, double-stranded breaks to be repaired, and genomic sequences to be translocated, transposons can actually accelerate the evolution of genomes. Transpositions and insertions can also change the phenotypic and gene regulatory areas.
DNA transposition is the transfer of a specific DNA segment (a transposon) from one genomic region to another.
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Which organic compound essential to cells is missing from the chart, and what function does it serve in cells?Organic Compound: carbohydrates lipids ATP nucleic acids amino acids ?
Function: provide short term energy of cells found in cell membranes immediate energy source for cells information system for cells building blocks of proteins ?
A.
proteins – from many structures within cells
B.
proteins – involved in energy production in living cells
C.
respiratory gases – involved in energy production in living cells
D.
respiratory gases – from many structures within cells
Answers
The organic compound that is essential to cells is missing from the chart and is known as the proteins which form many structures within cells. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What is the function of proteins?The function of proteins is understood by the fact that they are actively involved in the formation of many structures within the cells. They are also used for cell repair, tissue damage, etc.
According to the context of this question, carbohydrates provide short-term energy for cells while amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Nucleic acids are known as information systems that carry out the mechanism of inheritance.
Therefore, the organic compound that is essential to cells is missing from the chart and is known as the proteins which form many structures within cells. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
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how are geysers formed?
Answers
genes and genomes can be altered by several different mechanisms, including (multiple correct answers here), and even the infusion of fresh genetic material all contribute to genome evolution. Small mutations, duplications, deletions, rearrangements and even the infusion of fresh genetic material all contribute to genome evolution
Answers
Genes as well as genomes can be altered by various different mechanisms which include: small mutations, duplications, deletions, rearrangements, and also the infusion of fresh genetic material that contribute to genome evolution.
Even though the genetic element which is mobile in nature could block a gene regulatory sequence and facilitate an array of genetic variations. These genetic variations include small mutations or mutations within a single gene, gene duplications, gene deletions, rearrangements such as exon shuffling as well as additional structural and regulatory changes.
A mutation refers to a an alteration within the DNA sequence of an individual. The term 'genome' refers to the total genetic information that is contained within an organism.
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a large, organic molecule such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids
????
Answers
A large, organic molecule such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids is a polymer made up of atoms such as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. These are present in the cell.
What are the macromolecules?The macromolecules of the cell, such as the carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, are made up of monomers, such as the nucleotides, which are monomers of the nucleic acid, and the amino acids, which are monomers of the proteins. The atoms that make up these macromolecules are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, etc.
Hence, A large, organic molecule such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids is a polymer made up of atoms such as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
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1. Integumentary 2. Skeletal 3. Muscular
4. Nervous 5. Endocrine 6. Cardiovascular
7. Lymphatic 8. Respiratory 9. Digestive
10. Urinary 11. Reproductive
Which of the above systems have a function of
movement?
Select one:
O a. 1, 4,
Ob. 2, 3
O c. 11, 9
O d. 5, 6
Answers
Two traits segregate independently and follow the rules for independent assortment. This indicates that these traits areA. Found on separate chromosomesB. Located close together on the same chromosomeC. Inherited together more often than is typicalD. Evolutionary is favourable for the organism.
Answers
Different genes separately separate from one another when reproductive cells mature, according to the Principle of Independent Assortment.
Where does independent assortation take place during meiosis, and what does it indicate when two genes interact independently?The Law of Segregation states that meiosis is the process by which each chromosome is divided from its homolog, or counterpart. Therefore, the maternal and paternal chromosomes from your parents are "independently arranged," which simply means that chromosomes from the same source do not necessarily wind up in the same gamete.
What does the term "independent segregation" signify in terms of genetics?Genes are said to be inherited independently of one another according to the independent assortment theory. In other words, crest and sex are controlled by genetic variables that are physically distinct.
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In animals, nitrogenous wastes are produced mostly from the catabolism of 15 pts O triglycerides and steroids O fatty acids and glycerol. O proteins and nucleic acids. O phospholipids and glycolipids. O starch and cellulose.
Answers
In animals, nitrogenous wastes are produced mostly from the catabolism of proteins and nucleic acids.
There are various nitrogenous wastes that are generated by protein catabolism, but the main ones are ammonia and urea. The liver produces ammonia in a healthy person, which is then transformed to urea, a less raw sewage commodity than ammonia.
Once proteins are broken into the amino acids needed for energy, nitrogenous wastes are produced. Ammonia represents the most basic form of nitrogenous waste, constituted from the residual amino acids that occur during protein breakdown.
Proteins are divided into amino acids during catabolic reactions, lipids into fatty acids, and polysaccharides into monosaccharides. These basic elements are then used in anabolic reactions to synthesize molecules.
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in addition to barriers, there are either a number of , phagocytes, and natural killers, or protective proteins involved with identifying and potentially destroying pathogens that have passed through the physical barriers. the cells also have the ability to send signals, such as , to signal nearby cells that a cell has been infected by a virus.
Answers
with identifying and potentially destroying pathogens that have passed through the physical barriers
The human body's three main defensive mechanisms work together to fend off invaders including viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Physical and chemical barriers, general innate reactions, and particular adaptive responses are the three lines of defense of the immune system.
Describe a pathogen. An organism that infects its host with disease is referred to as a pathogen, and the severity of the disease symptoms is referred to as virulence. Pathogens include viruses, bacteria, unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes, as well as other taxonomically diverse organisms.What are pathogens and some instances?
Pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, worms, viruses, and even infectious proteins known as prions, are what cause infectious diseases. All types of pathogens must have ways to enter their host and avoid being immediately destroyed by the host immune system. Most bacteria do not cause disease.
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which of the following wastewater treatment plants designed to facilitate the decomposition oforganic material by aerobic microorganisms
Answers
Activated sludge tank is wastewater treatment plants designed to facilitate the decomposition of organic material by aerobic microorganisms.
Activated sludge process is a multi-chamber reactor unit that uses highly concentrated microorganisms to degrade organics and remove nutrients from wastewater, producing quality sewerage.
In general this process allow to Aerated the waste-water continuously for over a duration of month and were able to achieve a complete nitrification of the sample material. Assuming that the sludge is activated in a similar manner to activated carbon the process was named activated sludge.
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4. This muscle helps to transport blood to and from the heart. (1 point)
smooth muscle
Ocardiac muscle
Oskeletal muscle
O involuntary muscle
Answers
Answer: cardiac muscle
Explanation:
PLS HELP High points
What does the Goal Seek Status box include? Check all that apply.
the value for a cell
the number of a row
a cell to be changed
a row to be changed
a column to be changed
the cell that causes the change
Answers
The Goal Seek Status box includes the number of a row, the cell that causes the change and a row to be changed.
What is goal seek status box?The Goal Seek command automates engineering calculations, which can be based on dimensioned geometry, to achieve a specific design goal. Goal seeking finds a specific value for a dependent variable (dependent by formula)
On the Data tab, in the Data Tools group, click What-If Analysis, and then click Goal Seek. In the Set cell box, enter the reference for the cell that contains the formula that you want to resolve.
The Goal Seek function in Excel allows you to adjust an input value in a formula to determine a desired outcome. This What-If Analysis tool is ideal for situations where you know the outcome you want, but aren't sure of the values needed to reach that outcome.
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Answer:
A C E your welcome
Explanation:
How long will it take until we see nuclear fusion
commercially?
Answers
One of the most eco-friendly forms of energy is fusion. Fusion doesn't produce any CO2 or other damaging atmospheric emissions, hence it doesn't cause any greenhouse gas emissions or global warming.
What is the impact of nuclear fusion commercially?There is currently no commercially feasible fusion technology. Not today's energy source, but the one of the future. Society should continue to create more widely used green technologies in the interim.
Therefore, Nuclear physicists claim that obstacles still exist. Fusion power plants would need to be widely used before the American energy infrastructure could be significantly redesigned. Fusion power still costs too much to be economically viable.
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Each lung is covered by a thin serous membrane called a ______; a similar membrane covers the internal chest wall and diaphragm.
Answers
The lungs, blood arteries, nerves, and bronchi are all covered by the visceral pleura, the inner layer.
What do the two membranes that protect the lungs do?Two flimsy layers of tissue, called the pleura, surround and cushion the lungs. The visceral pleura, the inner layer, wraps around the lungs and is so firmly adhered to them that it is impossible to remove. The inside of the chest wall is lined with the parietal pleura, the outer layer.
What is the name of the lung's protective layer?The pleural membrane has two layers and is very thin, wet, and slippery. The lungs are covered by the visceral or pulmonary layer of the pleura, which is located inside the rib cage and diaphragm.
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Based on the figure below, which of the following statements is/are a direct reflection of the data presented? Select all that apply.A. Increasing ivory prices always increases the amount of illegal killing of elephants.B. Natural mortality rate is higher than the illegal killing rate of elephants between 1998 and 2006.C. After 2008, increasing ivory prices are coincident with increases in illegal killing of elephants.D. In 2010 illegal killing rates surpassed natural mortality rates of elephants.
Answers
Based on the given figure, the statements given in options C and D are a direct reflection of the data presented regarding the illigal killing of elephants.
The Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) program is an international collaboration that measures the trends, levels, and causes of elephant mortality, ultimately providing an information base to support international decision-making related to the conservation of elephants in Asia and Africa. The investigation of this program is shown in the given picture that as per the given options in the question reflect:
After 2008, increasing ivory prices coincide with increases in the illegal killing of elephants. In 2010 illegal killing rates surpassed the natural mortality rates of elephants.You can learn more about Illegal Killing of Elephants at:
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The net flow of materials through the membrane of a cell against a concentration gradient is known as
Answers
The net flow of materials through the membrane of a cell against a concentration gradient is known as active transport.
What is active transport?
In the field of cellular biology, active transport refers to the process by which molecules or ions move across a cell membrane in the opposite direction of the concentration gradient, going from an area of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. In order to accomplish this movement, active transport requires the use of cellular energy.
Ions of certain metals, such as Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, are examples of the types of substances that can be moved across the cell membrane by primary active transport. In order for these charged particles to go through membranes and be distributed throughout the body, ion pumps or ion channels are required.
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the difference between prophase in meiosis and prophase in mitosis synapsis the number of chromatids per chromosome the number of homologues the number of chromatins
Answers
Synapsis, a mechanism where homologous chromosomes couple based on sequence similarity, accomplishes this.
In a chromosome body known as a tetrad (because it contains 4 replicated chromosomes known as chromatids) or bivalent, the homologous chromosomes are bound together by a protein structure known as the synaptonemal complex (if the organism is diploid). The homologous chromosomes can recombine thanks to this pairing during prophase 1 of meiosis. This happens early in prophase, although the recombination's manifestation is not obvious until late in prophase 1 and during metaphase 1. Leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis are the five stages that prophase 1 of meiosis is separated into because the chromosomes adopt distinct shapes throughout this stage. While using diplotene.To know more about chromosomes
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A
BIOLOGY
Q1. Celery is a plant that is harvested for food.
The celery stem is made from xylem tissue, phloem tissue and epidermal
tissue.
Is the celery stem an organ or an organism?
Choose the best answer to this question.
A. An organism because plants are living things
B. An organism because it is made of several different organs
C. An organ because it is made of several different tissues
D. An organ because it is made of the same type of cells
Answers
Celery is an organ because it is made of the same type of cells.
What is celery?
A piece of celery contains the plant's petiole, or stem, which humans consume. The type of cells found in celery tissue account for the stalk's crunchiness.Celery also has collenchyma tissue, which supports the plant, in addition to the vascular bundles of xylem (water-conducting) and phloem (food-conducting) tissues. The pressure of the water pressing against the cell walls gives collenchyma tissue, which is made up of elongated live cells packed with water, its rigidity, which gives celery its crunch.Plant stems, leaves, and flowers all contain collenchyma. The collenchyma tissue on a celery stem is found on the ribs along the exterior of the stalk and on the interior.Hence, celery is an organ
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Aerobic training increases blood flow to skeletal muscles during maximal exercise because of all of the following except:
A) Larger maximal cardiac output
B) Greater capillarization of muscle
C) Fewer type II fibers
D) Reduced flow to nonactive tissues
Answers
Aerobic training increases blood flow to skeletal muscles except because C)Fewer type II fibers. So, option C is correct.
Aerobic training (otherwise called perseverance activities, cardio or cardio-respiratory activity) is physical exercise of low to extreme focus that relies essentially upon the high-impact energy-creating process. "Vigorous" is characterized as "connecting with, including, or requiring oxygen", and alludes to the utilization of oxygen to satisfy energy needs during exercise through vigorous digestion adequately.
Oxygen consuming activity is performed by rehashing groupings of light-to-direct power exercises for broadened times of time. Vigorous activity might be better alluded to as "exclusively oxygen consuming", as it is intended to be low-force an adequate number of that all starches are vigorously transformed into energy by means of mitochondrial ATP creation. Mitochondria are organelles that depend on oxygen for the digestion of carbs, proteins, and fats.
Hence, option C is correct.
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Which of the following best describes the function of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in eukaryotic cellular respiration? They participate in hydrolysis reactions by accepting protons from water molecules. They accept electrons during oxidation reduction reactions. They participate directly in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. They serve as final electron acceptors in the electron transport chain.
Answers
They accept electrons during oxidation reduction reactions, best describes the function of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in eukaryotic bacteria cellular respiration.
Eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus encircled by the nuclear membrane, are the building blocks of large and complex organisms. Protozoa, animals, plants, fungi, and plants all contain eukaryotic cells. They are classified as being part of the kingdom Eukaryota. They can withstand a variety of circumstances in a single cell, allowing them to carry out different metabolic functions. This allows them to expand many times more than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have the following characteristics: In eukaryotic cells, the nuclear membrane encloses the nucleus, the cell's mitochondria. Flagella and cilia are the locomotory structures found in eukaryotic cells. Cell walls are the word for eukaryotic cells' outermost layer. Cells divide via the mitotic process. Eukaryotic cells contain the cytoskeleton. One linear piece of DNA located in the nucleus holds all of the genetic information. A plant cell is enclosed by a stiff structure called a cell wall. However, it is not found in animal cells.
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whats the function of a plant vacule
Answers
The function of a plant vacuole is determined by the fact that it maintains cell acidity and turgor pressure along with regulating the storage and transport of substances throughout the cell.
What is a Vacuole?A vacuole may be defined as a membrane-bound cell organelle that is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells. It plays some crucial roles that facilitate the survival of living organisms.
In plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance. Sometimes a single vacuole can take up most of the interior space of the plant cell. It can also hold food for later use and waste for removal which prevents the cause of cell toxication.
Therefore, vacuoles maintain cell acidity and turgor pressure along with regulating the storage and transport of substances throughout the cell.
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Match the statement to the type of specific immunity it most accurately describes to test your understanding of the specific immune states.
Artificial Immunity = Immunity is obtained through medical procedures such as immunizations.
Natural Immunity = Immunity is acquired through normal life experiences, not through medical intervention.
Active Immunity = One's own body produces B- and T-cell responses to antigen stimulus.
Passive Immunity = Individual receives immune substances that were produced by another host.
Answers
The correct option is (c) i.e. Active Immunity = One's own body produces B- and T-cell responses to antigen stimulus, is the type of specific immunity it most accurately of the specific immune states.
Immunity is the capacity of an organism to protect itself from harmful microbes. Immunity is influenced by both specialized and general factors. The nonspecific components act as barriers against or removers of a range of diseases regardless of their antigenic makeup. Other immune system components can adapt to each new illness they encounter and build pathogen-specific immunity. An advanced biological process known as immunity can discriminate between substances that are natural to the body and those that are foreign and can tolerate both (non-self). innate immunity To begin with, an animal's immune system aids in preventing or reducing a variety of diseases that are brought on by germs. Agents called pathogens are responsible for a wide range of illnesses. On the other hand, diseases happen when an organism's structural integrity is severely compromised without being physically injured. Some animals become ill when pathogens or illnesses affect their immune systems. There is an inherent immunity in animals. Invertebrates have phagocytosis, barrier defenses, and antimicrobial peptides.
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The correct option is (c) i.e. Active Immunity = One's own body produces B- and T-cell responses to antigen stimulus, is the type of specific immunity it most accurately of the specific immune states.
Immunity is the capacity of an organism to protect itself from harmful microbes. Immunity is influenced by both specialized and general factors. The nonspecific components act as barriers against or removers of a range of diseases regardless of their antigenic makeup. Other immune system components can adapt to each new illness they encounter and build pathogen-specific immunity. An advanced biological process known as immunity can discriminate between substances that are natural to the body and those that are foreign and can tolerate both (non-self). innate immunity To begin with, an animal's immune system aids in preventing or reducing a variety of diseases that are brought on by germs. Agents called pathogens are responsible for a wide range of illnesses. On the other hand, diseases happen when an organism's structural integrity is severely compromised without being physically injured. Some animals become ill when pathogens or illnesses affect their immune systems. There is an inherent immunity in animals. Invertebrates have phagocytosis, barrier defenses, and antimicrobial peptides.
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