There are several types of mirrors that can produce distorted images, including concave and convex mirrors. Concave mirrors are curved inward and produce a smaller, magnified image that is often distorted around the edges. Convex mirrors are curved outward and produce a larger, distorted image that appears farther away than it actually is. Both types of mirrors are used for a variety of purposes, including in telescopes, cameras, and other optical instruments.
the smooth 180-lb pipe has a length of 20 ft and a negligible diameter. it is carried on a truck as shown. determine the maximum acceleration which the truck can have without causing the normal reaction at a to be zero. also determine the horizontal and vertical components of force which the truck exerts on the pipe at b.
The maximum acceleration which the truck can have without causing the normal reaction at a to be zero is 77.3 ft/sec²
Calculation :
Sum of vertical forces,
By - W = (W/g) ay
By - 180 = (180/32.2) x 0
Vertical reaction, By = 180 lb
Horizontal forces,
Bx = m ax
Bx = (W/g) ax = (180/32.2) x 7.3
Horizontal reaction, Bx = 432 lb
Now taking moment about B,
W x 10 x (12/13) = m ax x 10 x (5/13)
180 x 10 x 12/13 = (180 /32.2) ax x 10 x 5/13
Acceleration, the rate of change of velocity over time for both velocity and direction. A point or object moving in a straight line accelerates as it accelerates or decelerates. Circumferential motion is accelerated because it always changes direction even at constant velocity.
Acceleration, ax = 77.3 ft/sec^2
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You are given two circuits with two batteries of emf EMF and internal resistance R1 each. Circuit A has the batteries connected in series with a resistor of resistance R2, and circuit B has the batteries connected in parallel to an equivalent resistor.
What is the current through the resistor of resistance R2 in circuit A?
Express your answer in terms of Emf, R1, and R2
Calculate the current IB through the resistor of resistance R2 for circuit B.
Express your answer in terms of Emf, R1, and R2
What is the power dissipated by the resistor of resistance R2 for circuit A, given that Emf=10V, R1=300ohms, and R2=5000ohms?
The current flowing through the circuit A is IA = 2ε/(R1 + R2)
b) IB = 2ε/(2R2 + R1) c) P = 0.064
The equivalent resistance of the circuit A in series is calculated as follows;
Re = r1 + r2
The emf of the battery connected to circuit A
emf = e
The current flowing through the circuit A is calculated as follows;
I = V / R
I = e / r1 + r2
Total resitance in circuit A = Req = R1+R1+R2 =2R1 + R2
total emf in circuit A = 2E
I = 2E/Req
I = 2E/(2R1+R2)
given : E = 10 V
R1 = 300 ohm
R2 = 5000 ohm
since connection is in series so current remain same across resistors
I = 2*10/(2*300 + 500)
I = 3.57 x 10^-3 A
power dissipated by R2
P = I^2*R2
P = (3.57 x 10^-3)^2 * 5000
P = 0.064
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describe some of the differences between analog and digital electronics. list at least 2 differences.
The difference between analog and digital electronics is the signals and the components used.
Analog vs Digital
The electronics can be classified into categories: analog and digital electronics. Some differences between both of them are as follows :
Analog electronics use continuous signals while digital electronics use discrete signals or two-state signals. Analog electronics mainly uses passive components like resistors, and capacitors but sometimes use active components. Digital electronics use active components like transistors. Analog electronics use high voltage and high current whereas digital electronics use low voltage and current.Thus, two differences between analog and digital electronics are analog uses continuous signals while digital uses discrete signals. Then, the analog uses passive components whereas digital uses active components.
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Difference between analog and digital electronics:
Analog electronic deals with continuously varying signals. Digital electronics deals with binary signals.Analog signals are continuous, digital signals are discrete.Analog electronics tend to use passive components. Digital electronics use active components more.Analog electronics are electronics that deal with continuous signals. They generally provide a better and more accurate representation of changes in physical phenomena, such as position, pressure, and light.
Digital electronics are electronics that deal with binary signals. The digital signals for this type of electronics are represented using binary language (0's and 1's). Their circuits are usually composed of large assemblies of logic gates.
The difference between the two are the components used and the type of signal they deal with.
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Which of the following is not a description of a closed system?
• An object that is not influenced by external effects
• A mix of objects that interact with any other object
The behaviour of a collection of objects depends only on the other objects in the
collection
A group of objects that don't interact with any other objects
Answer:
A mix of objects that interact with any other object is not a description of a closed system. A closed system is an isolated system that does not exchange matter or energy with its surroundings. In other words, a closed system is an object or a collection of objects that is not influenced by external effects and does not interact with any other objects.
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Explanation:
an infinitely long rectangular metal pipe is maintained at a specified potential find the potential inside the pipe
V(x, Y, Z) = 16Vo/pi2 is the potential inside the pipe. (-pi(m/a)2 + (n/b)2)1/2) sin (m*piy/a)sin (n*pi*Z/b). Because only one end of a rectangular metal pipe with sides a and b is grounded at x = 0.
Simply said, potential difference is the difference in electrical potential between two places. Two positive charges will repel one another when presented close to one another. The standard addresses the sizing and dimensioning of steel pipes. These pipes come in seamless and welded varieties, and they can withstand high or low temperatures and pressures. The pipe is distinct from the tube (Pipe versus Tube) in this context because it is specifically used for pipeline systems and the transmission of fluids (oil and gas, water, slurry).
In the event that Vo(y, z) = Vo Vo(a)(1-(-1)m-1 * b/n*pi(1-(-1)n) = Cn,m(a/2, b/2) V(x, y, z) = 16Vo/pi2(-pi(m/a)2+(n/b)2)1/2) sin (m*piy/a)sin(n*p)
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The complete question is -
An infinitely long rectangular metal pipe (sides a and b) is grounded, but one end, at x = 0, is maintained at a specified potential Vo(y, z), Find the potential inside the pipe. as indicated in Fig. y V=0 Vo(y, 2) b
in an rlc circuit that includes a source of ac current operating at a fixed frequency and voltage, the resistance r is equal to the inductive reactance. if the plate separation of the parallel-plate capacitor is reduced to one-half of its original value, the current in the circuit doubles. find the original capacitive reactance in terms of r.
When the current in the circuit is double of its initial value and separation is half then the original capacitive reactance in terms of r is 3r.
Capacitive Reactance is the relationship between reactance, frequency and capacitance. Resistance is unaffected by the rate of change of voltage or current and remains the same whether DC, or AC of any frequency is applied.
In a purely resistive circuit Ohms law applies and V= IR. Calculations of resistance in AC circuits are the same as for DC. The only extra thing to remember when calculating AC values, is that the same type of value, e.g. the RMS, Average value, or the peak-to-peak value must be used for all AC voltages or currents throughout the equation.
Inductance and capacitance however, have an effect on current that depends on frequency, and when either component is used with AC voltages and currents, then the frequency of the waveform must be taken into account.
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8.8 moles of an ideal monatomic gas expand adiabatically, performing 9000 jj of work in the process.
Part A
What is the change in temperature of the gas during this expansion?
Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
82 K is the change in temperature of the gas during this expansion.
What is ideal mono atomic gas?Monatomic gases are those that are composed of molecules with just one atom in them. Monatomic gases include gases like helium or sodium vapor. They may be recognized from diatomic or polyatomic gases relatively simply.
A single atom makes up a monoatomic gas. Examples include the gases helium and neon. Since there is just one atom in monoatomic gas, N has the value and K has an independent interaction with the other particles (again because it is composed of only one atom).
Given that,
no. of moles (n) = 8.8 moles
work (W) = 9000 J
For adiabatic process, Q = 0
=> ΔU = - W
For ideal mono-atomic gas, ΔU = 3nRΔT/2
So, ΔT = -2W/3nR
or, ΔT = - (2 × 9000) / (3 × 8.8 × 8.314)
or, ΔT = - 82 K
So, 82 K is the change in temperature of the gas during this expansion.
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A mass of 0.520 kg is attached to a spring and set into oscillation on a horizontal frictionless surface. The simple harmonic motion of the mass is described by x(t) = (0.780 m)cos[(18.0 rad/s)t]. Determine the following. (a) amplitude of oscillation for the oscillating mass (b) force constant for the spring N/m (c) position of the mass after it has been oscillating for one half a period (d) position of the mass one-third of a period after it has been released How can you determine the position of the object at a specific time from an expression for the position of the object at any time? m (e) time it takes the mass to get to the position x = −0.500 m after it has been released (s)
a) The amplitude of oscillation is 0.780 m.
b) The force constant of the spring can be determined by using the equation F=kx, where F is the force applied to the mass, k is the force constant, and x is the displacement of the mass. Since the displacement of the mass is 0.780 m, we can solve for k to get k = F/x = 0.780 N/m.
c) The position of the mass after one half a period is given by x(t) = (0.780 m)cos[(18.0 rad/s)t] = (0.780 m)cos[(9.0 rad/s)t] = 0.780 m.
d) The position of the mass one-third of a period after it has been released is given by x(t) = (0.780 m)cos[(18.0 rad/s)t] = (0.780 m)cos[(6.0 rad/s)t] = -0.500 m.
e) To determine the time it takes the mass to get to the position x=-0.500 m after it has been released, we can use the equation x(t) = (0.780 m)cos[(18.0 rad/s)t]. Since we know that x=-0.500 m when t=t0, we can solve for t0 to get t0=6.00 s. Therefore, it takes the mass 6.00 s to get to the position x=-0.500 m after it has been released.
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the following six particles (with rest energy e0e0 and kinetic energy kk as indicated) are collided with their antimatter partners traveling in the opposite direction with the same kinetic energy. the resulting matter-antimatter annihilation produces a pair of photons traveling in opposite directions. part a rank these particles on the basis of energy of the photons they create. rank from largest to smallest. to rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
The rank of particles on the basis of energy is 2 > 3 = 4 > 1 > 5 = 6
The Rank of particles on the basis of speed is 1=2=3=4=5=6
All speed that is faster than light is the same. When a charged particle and an antiparticle annihilate one another, energy can create both positive and negative charges, +q and q. If both +q and q are 0, it follows that m must also be 0.
When, in order to conserve energy, an electron and positron annihilate to produce two genuine photons with mass zero that depart with the same energy as the electron-positron pair.
Additionally, contrary charges and timings must cancel. As opposed to the positron, which travels time backward, the electron pushes time forward. Time cancels out, as a result, creating two photons that travel at the speed of light while maintaining the illusion of time standing still.
Nuclear weapons have been theorized to be triggered by antimatter, and thermonuclear energy may be produced with it.
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use chebyshev to estimate the number of coin flips you need to take to be 95% sure you know which coin was chosen.
We may calculate the proportion of data values that are 1.5 standard deviations or more from the mean using Chebyshev's rule in statistics. Alternately, we can calculate the proportion of data values that deviate by 2.5 standard deviations from the mean.
What does a 75% Chebyshev interval mean?
Therefore, Chebyshev's Theorem informs you that at least 75% of the values lie within the range of 100 20, or 80 to 120. In contrast, no more than 25% of cases fall outside of that range. 1.41 standard deviations is an intriguing range.
What does the Chebyshev inequality tell us?
According to Chebyshev's inequality, 75% of values are found within two standard deviations of the mean, and 88.9% are found within three standard deviations of the mean. It is true for.
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If the strings have the same thickness but different lengths, which of the following parameters, if any, willbe different in the two strings?Check all that apply.a. Wave frequencyb. Wave speedc. Wavelengthd. None of the above
The wave frequency, speed, and wavelength of two strings with the same thickness but differing lengths will be the same in both strings.
A string will vibrate at a varied frequency depending on its length. Higher frequency and higher pitch are produced by shorter strings. The frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional. Shorter frequency corresponds to a longer wavelength. The relationship between these two characteristics is explained by the fact that the speed of a wave is equal to the product of its frequency and wavelength. A wave's speed increases with increased string tension, which raises its frequency (for a given length). The wave frequency, speed, and wavelength of two strings with the same thickness but differing lengths will be the same in both strings.
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A coin and a ring roll down an incline starting at the same time. The one to reach the bottom first will be the
A) ring.
B) coin.
C) Both reach the bottom at the same time. coin
Option B;A coin and a ring roll down an incline starting at the same time. The coin will be the one to descend first.
Its rotational inertia will be higher. Because of this, it accelerates more slowly than a coin. First to the bottom, the coin makes it. Any item that can be turned possesses rotational inertia. It is a scalar value that indicates how challenging it is to modify the object's rotational velocity around a specific rotational axis and time. Similar to how mass functions in linear mechanics, rotational inertia plays a similar purpose. According to the equation rotational inertia = mass x radius2, rotational inertia is not a vector but a scalar that depends on the radius of rotation.
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A rubber ball is held in front of a light bulb. The rubber ball casts a shadow on the wall. What happens to the shadow when the ball is moved nearer to the light bulb?
A: It becomes bigger
B: It becomes darker
C: It becomes sharper
D: It becomes shorter
Answer:
A: It becomes bigger.
Explanation:
When the ball is moved closer to the light source, the size of its shadow on the wall will increase. This is because the light from the bulb will be more concentrated on the ball, resulting in a larger area of the wall being blocked from the light and therefore appearing as part of the shadow. The darkness of the shadow will not change, as the amount of light being blocked by the ball remains the same. The sharpness of the shadow may also not change, as the distance between the ball and the wall will not affect the clarity of the shadow's edges. However, the length of the shadow may appear shorter, as the ball will be closer to the wall and therefore the shadow will appear to be cast over a shorter distance.
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A metallic circular plate with radius r is fixed to a tabletop. An identical circular plate supported from above by a cable is fixed in place a distance dd above the first plate. Assume that dd is much smaller than r. The two plates are attached by wires to a battery that supplies voltage V.1) What is the tension in the cable? Neglect the weight of the plate.Express your answer in terms of the variables d, r, V, and constants ϵ0, pi.F=2)
The upper plate is slowly raised to a new height 2d. Determine the work done by the cable by integrating ∫d to 2d F(z)dz, where F(z) is the cable tension when the plates are separated by a distance z.
Express your answer in terms of the variables d, r, V, and constants ϵ0,pi.
W=
3) Compute the energy stored in the electric field before the top plate was raised.
Express your answer in terms of the variables d, r, V, and constants ϵ0, pi.
U=
4) Compute the energy stored in the electric field after the top plate was raised.
Express your answer in terms of the variables d, r, V, and constants ϵ0, pi.
U=
5)
is the work done by the cable equal to the change in the stored electrical energy? If not, why not?
The tension in the cable is F = πEaV²r³/2d²
The work. done. by the cable. is W = πEaV²r²/4d
[tex]\mathbf{U_i-U_f=\frac{\varepsilon_0\pi r^2 V^2}{2d}-\frac{\varepsilon_0\pi r^2 V^2}{4d}}\mathbf{\Rightarrow U_i-U_f=\frac{\varepsilon_0\pi r^2 V^2}{4d}}[/tex]
The equation can be used to depict the electric field created between two circular plates of a capacitor if they are separated by a constant distance and supported by a cable.
E = V/d
E' = E/2
F = qv/2d
F = Eav2r2/2d2.
Assuming that dz has shifted the upper plate higher, we can express the tension's work as follows:
dw = T*dz
dz = F * dw
The cable's work is W = Eav2r2/4d, or W = Eav2r2/2z2*dz.
Before the top plate is raised, the electrical energy capacitor has the following amount of energy stored in it:
Ui = 1/2 Cv²
Ui = EaR2V2D
Yes, the work carried out by the cable is equivalent to the change in electrical energy that has been stored. The variation in energy previously stored
Ui = Eaπr²v²/4d
[tex]\mathbf{U_i-U_f=\frac{\varepsilon_0\pi r^2 V^2}{2d}-\frac{\varepsilon_0\pi r^2 V^2}{4d}}\mathbf{\Rightarrow U_i-U_f=\frac{\varepsilon_0\pi r^2 V^2}{4d}}[/tex]
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Fred (mass 65 kg ) is running with the football at a speed of 5.8 m/s when he is met head-on by Brutus (mass 130 kg ), who is moving at 4.0 m/s . Brutus grabs Fred in a tight grip, and they fall to the ground.
A)How far do they slide? The coefficient of kinetic friction between football uniforms and Astroturf is 0.30.
Brutus grabs Fred in a tight grip, and they fall to the ground.
The distance they slide is 0.0915m.
As given in the question
The mass of Fred ([tex]M_1[/tex]) is 65 kg
The mass of Brutus ([tex]M_2[/tex]) is 130kg
Speed of Fred running with foot ball ([tex]V_1[/tex]) is -5.8m/s ( negative direction)
Speed of Brutus ([tex]V_2[/tex]) is 4m/s
The coefficient of friction is given as 0.30
By applying the law of conservation of momentum is
[tex]M_2V_2 - M_1V_1=(M_1+M_2)V[/tex]
[tex]M_1[/tex] is the mass of first object
[tex]M_2[/tex] is the mass of second object
[tex]V_1[/tex] is the velocity of first object
[tex]V_2[/tex] is the velocity of the second object
V is the velocity after colliding
Now
130 x 4 - 65 x 5.8= ( 65 + 130) V
520 - 377 = 195V
195V =143
V = 0.733m/s
Now acceleration due to friction is
=> [tex]\mu_k\ g[/tex]
=> 0.3 x 9.8
=.>2.94m/[tex]s^2[/tex]
To find the distance
[tex]v^2-u^2=2as[/tex] ( where u = 0)
=> [tex](0.733)^2=2 \times 2.94 \ s[/tex]
=> s = 0.0915m
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Two lamps, one with a thick filament and one with a thin filament of the same material, are connected in parallel to a battery. The current isa) larger in the lamp with the thin filamentb) the same in both lampsc) larger in the lamp with thick filamentc
When two lamps with one thick filament and one with a thin filament of the same material, are connected in parallel to a power supply. Then the current is greater in the lamp with a thick filament.
Ohm's Law can be used to calculate the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit.
Ohm's law can be written as follows:,
V = I x R
When written out, the formula is as follows: voltage = current x resistance, or
Volt = Amp x Ω.
Because theory is connected in parallel and the potential difference across each filament is the same, we can conclude that a material's resistance is [tex]R = \rho*lA[/tex]
[tex]\rho[/tex] is the resistivity if the material for the two filaments is the same and the length 'l' is also the same
The area of cross section of a thick filament is greater than that of a thin filament. The resistance is less than the thin filament current. [tex]I = \frac{V}{R}[/tex]
since V is same
If R is smaller, current is greater, and thus current is greater in thick filament.
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two boxes are connected by a rope passing over a pulley which is a disc with a 1 kg mass and a 10 cm radius. determine the tension in the section of rope on the left and the tension in the section of rope on the right (two different values) once the boxes are released and allowed to move.
The tension of the left rope is 98N and tension of the right rope is 29.4N if two boxes are connected by a rope passing over a pulley .
We know very well when two masses are attached by a pulley,the only force acting on the blocks is the force due to gravity. Tension is measured in newtons. Also, since different masses are attached on both ends of pulley due to that tension generated in the rope are different.
We know force due to gravity is equal to =mg where m is defined as the mass and g is defined as the acceleration due to gravity.
Now, mass of left block is =10kg.Therefore,tension in left rope=mg
=>Tension in left rope=10×9.8
=>Tension in left rope=98N
Similarly, mass of right block is =3kg.Therefore,tension in right rope=mg
=>Tension in right rope=3×9.8
=>Tension in right rope=·29.4N
Hence, required tensions are 98N and 29.4N
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A 0.53 kg mass is hung on a vertical spring which has spring constant k=70N/m, balanced such that the mass is motionless.
How much does the spring stretch relative to its original length as a result of the mass hanging on it?
Take the mass of the spring to be negligible.
A 0.53kg mass is hung on a vertical spring which has spring constant k=70N/m, balanced then the spring stretch relative to its original length as a result of the mass hanging on it is 0.742m
Given that the mass of block (m) = 0.53kg
spring constant of the spring (k) = 70N/m
The force exerted by the spring balances the weight of the hanging mass is (F) = kl where l is length of the spring
We know that F = mg
mg = kl
then 0.53 x 9.8 = 70 x l
l = 0.0742m
Hence the length of the spring is 0.742m
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9. An Atwood's Machine consists of a cord passing over a frictionless, massless pulley as shown below. It has a 4.0-kg object tied to one end and a 12.0 kg object tied to the other. Compute the acceleration and the tension in the cord. (4.9m/s/s, 58.8N)
The answer to the question is that the acceleration equals 4.9 m/s² and the cord tension is 58.8 N.
What is the physics of tension?The force produced when ever a load is attached at one or both of the end of such a material in such a direction away from the material's cross-section is known as the tension force. It's frequently referred to a tension force as a "pushing" force.
Briefing:(a) Let's use Newton's Second Law for Movement to our example:
[tex]$$\begin{gathered}T-m_1 g=m_1 a, \\T-m_2 g=-m_2 a .\end{gathered}$$[/tex]
Eliminating [tex]$T$[/tex], we get:
[tex]$$\begin{gathered}\left(m_2-m_1\right) g=\left(m_1+m_2\right) a, \\a=\frac{\left(m_2-m_1\right) g}{m_1+m_2}, \\a=\frac{(12 \mathrm{~kg}-4 \mathrm{~kg}) \cdot 9.8 \frac{\mathrm{m}}{\mathrm{s}^2}}{4 \mathrm{~kg}+12 \mathrm{~kg}}=4.9 \frac{\mathrm{m}}{\mathrm{s}^2} .\end{gathered}$$[/tex]
(b) By adding "a" to the first equation, we can get the cord's tension:
[tex]$$T=m_1(a+g)=4 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot\left(4.9 \frac{\mathrm{m}}{\mathrm{s}^2}+9.8 \frac{\mathrm{m}}{\mathrm{s}^2}\right)=58.8 \mathrm{~N}$$[/tex]
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The electron transport chain uses the transfer of _____ between protein complexes to set up a proton gradient.
a. electrons
b. ADP
c. neutrons
d. protons
e. ATP
The electron transport chain uses electrons between protein complexes to set up a proton gradient.
As the name suggests, the electron transport chain involves a series of proteins that pass electrons from one to the next. These electrons are removed from glucose, releasing energy as they pass through the electron transport chain. This energy is used to pump protons across the semipermeable membrane, creating a proton gradient that can drive ATP synthesis.
The electron transport chain is a series of four protein complexes that combine redox reactions to generate an electrochemical gradient that leads to the formation of ATP in a complete system called oxidative phosphorylation.
When an electron moves from a low redox potential to a high redox potential, the free energy released when high-energy electron donors and acceptors are converted to low-energy products is used by complex electron transport chains to create an electrochemical ion gradient. It is this electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis by coupling to oxidative phosphorylation by use of ATP synthase.
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1. What is an ellipse, and why are they Important in the study of celestial bodies?
Answer:
Ellipses are required in engineering, architectural, and machine drawings for two main reasons. First, any circle viewed at an angle will appear to be an ellipse. Second, ellipses were common architectural elements, often used in ceilings, staircases, and windows.
The ellipse is one of the four classic conic sections created by slicing a cone with a plane. The others are the parabola, the circle, and the hyperbola. The ellipse is vitally important in astronomy as celestial objects in periodic orbits around other celestial objects all trace out ellipses.
suppose you start with 210g of ice at 0 oc. calculate the amount of heat energy that must be transferred to convert the ice to steam at 100 oc. (use 334kj/kg for the latent heat of fusion 2.26x103kj/kg for the latent heat of vaporization, and 4.19kj/kgoc for the specific heat of water.) note: use the unit kj.
The amount of heat energy that must be transferred for conversion is 632730 J.
Mass of ice = m = 210 g
Temperature change = t = 100 - 0 = 100
Latent heat of fusion = L = 334 KJ/ Kg
Latent heat of vaporisation = L' = 2.26 X 10³ KJ/Kg
Specific heat of water = c = 4.19 KJ/Kg
Heat required to convert ice to water = mL
Heat required to raise the temperature of water to boiling point = m X c X t
Heat required to convert water to steam = mL'
Thus, total heat energy required = q =
= q = mL + mL' + (m X c X t)
= q = (210 X 334) + (210 X 2.26 X 10³) + (210 X 4.19 X 100)
= q = 70140 X 474600 + 87990
= q = 632730 J
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Hint : solar panels generate an average (day and night) of about 200 Watt/m2.
1. Estimate the annual USA energy consumption (in joule).
2. What is the average power (in watt) required for the USA over one year?
3. Using the hint provided, estimate the total area (in meter2) needed to provide this power.
4. Estimate the surface area of the USA (in meter2)
According to the given hint, solar panels generate an average about 200 Watt/m2.
1. The annual USA energy consumption is 103,108,904,000,000,000,000J.
2. The average power required for the USA over one year is 3.2 trillion watt.
3. The total area needed to provide this power is 32.6 billion [tex]m^{2}[/tex].
4. The surface area of the USA is 9.834*[tex]10^{12}[/tex] [tex]m^{2}[/tex].
Solar energy originates from the sun. Solar panels (also called "PV panels") are used to convert light from the sun, which consists of energetic particles called "photons", into electricity that can be used to power electrical loads increase.
Solar panels can be used in a variety of applications including remote power systems for cabins, telecommunications equipment, remote sensing and, of course, power generation for residential and commercial photovoltaic systems.
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air enters the diffuser of a ramjet engine (fig. 9.27c) at 25 kpa, 220 k, with a velocity of 3080 km/h and decelerates to negligible velocity. on the basis of an air-standard analysis, the heat addition is 900 kj per kg of air passing through the engine. air exits the nozzle at 25 kpa. determine
When air enters the diffuser of a ramjet engine decelerates to negligible velocity then nozzel exit velocity is 1320.725 m/s.
A nozzle (from nose, meaning 'small spout') is a tube of varying cross-sectional area (usually axisymmetric) aiming at increasing the speed of an outflow, and controlling its direction and shape. Nozzle flow always generates forces associated to the change in flow momentum.
In the simplest case of a rocket nozzle, relative motion is created by ejecting mass from a chamber backwards through the nozzle, with the reaction forces acting mainly on the opposite chamber wall, with a small contribution from nozzle walls.
The flow in a nozzle is very rapid (and thus adiabatic to a first approximation), and with very little frictional loses (because the flow is nearly one-dimensional, with a favourable pressure gradient except if shock waves form, and nozzles are relatively short), so that the isentropic model all along the nozzle is good enough for preliminary design.
Applying steady flow energy equation,
h1+v1^2/2000 = h2+v2^2/2000
680.556^2/2000 = Cp(T2-T1)
230.42 = T2-T1
T2=460.425 K
and P2=227 Kpa
h2+q=h3
q=Cp(T3-T2)
T3=1734.05K
Now by sfee equation
V4=1320.725 m/s
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it's your birthday, and to celebrate you're going to make your first bungee jump. you stand on a bridge 120 mm above a raging river and attach a 33-mm-long bungee cord to your harness. a bungee cord, for practical purposes, is just a long spring, and this cord has a spring constant of 45 n/mn/m . assume that your mass is 77 kgkg . after a long hesitation, you dive off the bridge.How far are you above the water when the cord reaches its maximum elongation? h=
The measurement is 15.21 meters. When the jumper is at its maximum elongation, the cord will be extended by 85.21 m.
In light of this,
h=100 m bridge height
30 meters in length
40 N/m spring constant
Weight = 80 kg Assume we need to determine the distance at which the cord reaches its maximum elongation.
We must compute the distance.
We must compute the gravitational potential energy.
Using the gravitational potential energy formula
We must compute the value of x.
When the jumper is at its maximum elongation, the cord will be extended by 85.21 m. We must compute the distance. The negative symbol indicates the depth of the water.
As a result, the distance is 15.21 m.
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Consider a beam with a solid circular cross section. Determine the magnitdue of the maximum shear stress due to bending.
d=0.5 mVmax=580kN
The magnitude of the maximum shear stress due to bending. is 1160 kN
Shear stress, frequently denoted through τ, is the component of pressure coplanar with a fabric move segment. It arises from the shear force, the component of the pressure vector parallel to the fabric move segment.
Shear strain is the force tending to motive deformation of fabric by means of slippage along a plane or planes parallel to the imposed strain. the resultant shear is of brilliant significance in nature, being in detail associated with the downslope movement of earth materials and to earthquakes.
The shear stress is defined to be the ratio of the tangential pressure to the move sectional location of the floor upon which it acts.
Calculation:-
Shear stress = Vmax / d
= 580kN / 0.5
= 1160 kN
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when the overcurrent protection for a conductor is located on the load end rather than the supply side of a conductor it is considered to be a(n) .
When the overcurrent protection for a conductor is located on the load end rather than the supply side of a conductor it is considered to be a tap conductor.
The National Electrical Code (NEC), the benchmark for safe electrical design, installation, and inspection to protect people and property from electrical hazards, defines a tap conductor as a conductor, other than a service conductor, that has overcurrent protection rated more than the ampacity of a conductor. A tap conductor has overcurrent protection ahead of its point of supply that exceeds the value permitted for similar conductors that are protected as described in NEC 240.4. Hence, when the overcurrent protection for a conductor is located on the load end rather than the supply side of a conductor it is considered to be a tap conductor.
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You are inside the cylindrical viewing tunnel of a large aquarium in a marine theme park. The tunnel has a radius R = 4.0 m. In your view, a shark appears to be 3.0 [m] away from the tunnel wall. What is its actual distance from the wall? Assume that the wall has the same refractive index as water (n = 1.33)
In order to find the actual distance of the shark from the wall, we need to use the lens equation. This equation is used to calculate the distance of an object from a lens, given the distance of the image from the lens, the focal length of the lens, and the refractive index of the material between the lens and the object. In this case, we can assume that the tunnel wall acts as a lens, and the water between the shark and the wall acts as the medium through which the light travels.
We can use the lens equation to find the actual distance of the shark from the wall by setting the distance of the image from the lens (3.0 m) equal to the focal length of the lens (R) divided by the refractive index of the medium (1.33), minus the actual distance of the shark from the wall (d):
3.0 m = (4.0 m)/1.33 - d
Solving for d, we find that the actual distance of the shark from the wall is 1.5 m. Therefore, the shark is actually 1.5 m away from the tunnel wall, not 3.0 m as it appears in the tunnel.
This calculation assumes that the shark is a flat object, which is not necessarily true. In reality, the shark may be closer to or further from the wall than the calculation indicates, depending on its shape and orientation. Additionally, the refractive index of water can vary depending on factors such as temperature, salinity, and pressure, so the value used in this calculation may not be entirely accurate.
The shark 's actual distance from the wall is 4 m.
What is refractive index?
The ratio of light's speed in a vacuum to that in a particular medium is known as the refractive index.
Refraction index and index of refraction are other names for the term "refractive index." The characteristics of the medium affect the speed of light in that medium. The optical density of the medium affects the speed of electromagnetic waves.
When the object is in denser medium and observer is in rarer medium; refractive index of the medium can be written as:
μ = actual distance/apparent distance
actual distance = μ × apparent distance
= 1.33 × 3.0 m
= 3.99 m
= 4 m. (approx.)
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the orthobaric type of this measurement is used for coexisting states of matter. specific gravity compares a ratio of these values. buoyancy uses
For coexisting states of matter, this measurement is utilized in its orthobaric form. Comparing these ratios is specific gravity. This idea is used by buoyancy to determine whether an object will float or sink.
1 gram per cubic centimeter is the unit of measurement for water. This number, which is equal to mass over volume, is known as density, and it is represented by the Greek letter rho. A hydrometer or aerometer measures a fluid's specific gravity, or relative density, which is the difference between the density of the fluid and the density of water. The typical components of a hydrometer are a cylindrical stem made of glass, a bulb weighed down with lead or mercury so that it can float, and a water-filled container.
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The gravitational force of a star on an orbiting planet 1 is F1. Planet 2, which is twice as massive as planet 1 and orbits at twice the distance from the star, experiences gravitational force F2.
Part A
What is the ratio F2F1? You can ignore the gravitational force between the two planets.
Express your answer using two significant figures.
The ratio of F₂ : F₁ is 1 : 2
Newton's gravitation law states that the force of attraction between two objects can be formulated as follows:
F= Gm₁m₂/r²
F = Gravitational Force ( Newton )
G = Gravitation Constant ( 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ Nm² / kg² )
m = Object's Mass ( kg )
R = Distance Between Objects ( m )
Gravitational force on planet 1 = F₁
Gravitation force on planet 2 = F₂
mass of planet 1 = m₁
mass of planet 2 = m₂ = 2m₁
distance between planet 1 and star = R₁
distance between planet 2 and star = R₂ = 2R₁
ratio of force = F₂ : F₁ = ?
F₂ : F₁ = GMm₁/r₁² : GMm₂/r₂²
F₂ : F₁ = m₁/r₁² : m₂/r₂²
F₂ : F₁ = 2m₁/(2r₁)² : m₁/r₁²
F₂ : F₁ = (2/4) : 1
F₂ : F₁ = (1/2) : 1
F₂ : F₁ = 1 : 2
Therefore, the ratio of gravitation forces F₂ : F₁ is 1 : 2.
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