The traits that separate ray-finned fish and amphibians is: swim-bladder, bony scales and lungs.
Swim-bladder is a large sac-like organ present only in ray-finned fish (bony fishes in general). It is a buoyant structure that enables the fish to swim across water. No such bladder is present in the body of amphibians.
Apart from swim-bladder, the fish also consists of bony scales that act as a protective organ upon the surface of fishes. However the outer surface of the skin of amphibians is slimy in texture. Also the fishes breathe only through gills, whereas the amphibians may have gills, lungs or even skin for respiration.
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which statement correctly explains how fertilization produces a diploid cell?
if two (2) molecules of 2-phosphoglycerate is oxidized via glycolysis, the pdc, and the cac in a kidney cell, how many net molecules of atp (plus gtp) will be produced by oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level phosphorylation? assume that this particular atp synthase has 9 c-subunits and that the phosphate translocate symporter is utilized. (net atp
27 that this particular atp synthase has 9 c-subunits and that the phosphate translocate symporter is utilized.
Why is oxidative phosphorylation significant and what does it entail?The majority of the ATP required for higher animals and plants to sustain life is produced by oxidative phosphorylation, which is also in charge of establishing and preserving metabolic equilibrium.
The mechanism through which ATP production is connected to the flow of electrons via the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the resulting oxygen consumption is known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Through a process known as oxidative phosphorylation, energy is converted into ATP by a sequence of protein complexes located inside the inner membrane of mitochondria (the electron transport chain and ATP synthase).
Metabolic control analysis and nonequilibrium thermodynamics are two theoretical methods used to study oxidative phosphorylation.
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Using your knowledge about the relationship between cell cycle and cancer,
explain what was happening with the cells from Henrietta Lacks
This is for genetics
The relationship between cell cycle and cancer is based on that cancer cells undergo uncontrolled cell cycles due to mutations that affect this process, which occurs in HeLa cells.
What are HeLa cells?HeLa cells represent one of the ist worldwide known cell lines of cancer cells obtained from Henrietta Lacks, specifically cancer cells derived from cervical cancer.
Therefore, we can conclude that HeLa cells are cancer cells, which can divide indefinitely because they suffered mutations that affected certain aspects of the normal cell cycle, thereby generating tumorigenic cells that can be used as cell lines.
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During pyruvate oxidation pyruvate is converted to a molecule of acetyl. Pyruvate is a 3-carbon molecule while acetyl is a 2-carbon molecule. What do you think happened to the carbon molecule that was lost?.
The lost carbon is released in the form of carbon dioxide.
The oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is a one step process requiring cofactor. The oxidation reaction involves conversion of [tex] {NAD}^{ + } [/tex] to NADH. In the step, [tex] CO_{2}[/tex]
is released.
Also, CoA-SH also enters the reaction for reaction with the molecule of pyruvate. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is used for catalysis of reaction. The resultant product is acetyl CoA.
The reaction is a very important intermediate step. It makes the molecule of pyruvate usable for generation of ATP. The acetyl CoA is used in the next step which is Kreb's cycle.
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1. How might Margaret Mead have been biased by her culture and experience when she examined the culture of the Samoans?
2. Do you think any human universals appear in all cultures? Can you think of any universal taboos?
3. One of the main criticisms of Mead was that she did not use "science" in her approach to the study of Samoan people and culture. While she is also criticized for not spending enough time in Samoa to make a proper assessment, she used observation methods to come to her conclusions. Assess how effective you think observation is to the study of anthropology. In the case of Margaret Mead, do you think her observations were correct? Why or why not?
4. Why do you think Mead's own sexuality and identity were discussed in the article?
5. How can a researcher eliminate their own bias and subjectivity when they observe another culture? Won’t they always interpret what they see through the lens of their own experience and culture? Explain your thinking.
The article under reference is "Margaret Mead: Human Nature and the Power of Culture". See further explanation and the answers below.
How might Margaret Mead have been biased by her culture and experience when she examined the culture of the Samoans?It is possible that Margaret Mead was biased by her culture and experience when she examined the culture of the Samoans because:
In human nature, there are indeed universal taboos. Some of them which were corroborated by Sigmund Freud are:
Incest; and Cannibalism.It is right to test the strength of her arguments on the basis of the methods she used to carry out her research. Science ought to be practical and very factual. While Observation is one of the methods of gathering primary data, in this case, there is no way to know if the Samoans were being polite because she was a visitor and so didn't act like they would if she was not there.
Observation in science ought to be carried out in such a way that the population or sample being observed is not interfered with while the observer remains undetected.
Mead's identity and sexuality were brought into the article because it was important for the report about her own report to be objective. Although the article does not explicitly state this, the information given about Mead's sexuality gives the reader an idea of the possible elements that could have led to her being subjective if at all.
Except such research is subject to peer review, it cannot be determined with absolute certainty that some elements of subjectivity won't be involved.
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what pair of molecules are commonly used by living cells to carry electrons and hydrogen atoms (thus serving as reserve chemical energy and electron transport molecules) during aerobic cellular respiration reactions?
NADH & FADH₂ pair of molecules are commonly used by living cells to carry electrons and hydrogen atoms.
Cell respiratory is the system with the aid of which biological fuels are oxidized in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor such as oxygen to supply big quantities of energy, to power the majority production of ATP.
Cell respiration is a chain of chemical reactions that spoil down glucose to provide ATP, which may be used as power to strengthen many reactions at some stage in the frame. There are 3 principal steps of cell respiratory: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Cellular respiratory is the procedure by which food, within the form of sugar (glucose), is transformed into energy inside cells. Mobile respiration is the method with the aid of which cells in plant life and animals damage down sugar and flip it into electricity, which is then used to carry out work on the cellular degree. The motive of cell respiration is simple: it presents cells with the energy they need to feature.
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A plant grower has a greenhouse where she grows plants in the winter. The greenhouse is exposed to direct sunlight and often gets too hot for the plants. She paints the inside of the glass with chalky white paint, and the temperature drops to comfortable levels. Explain why this procedure works.
This procedure works why because the white paint reflects sunlight in order to prevent it from entering the greenhouse and becoming trapped as heat.
The paint reflects sunlight, which causes the inside to chill. Heat is reflected by the color white, whereas it is absorbed by the color black. You don't see something's color; instead, you see it's not that color ( if something is red, then it absorbs all colors but the color red and the red are instead reflected into your eyes). Since white is made up of all hues, chalk reflects all colors and light. Because light is a kind of heat, it also scatters heat, which causes the heat to dissipate. In order to prevent sunlight from entering the greenhouse, where it can be trapped as heat, the white paint reflects the sunlight. However, it will turn the grower's greenhouse into an oven. Plants need sunshine to develop.
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List several factors that may interfere with an embryo's development
Answer:
Genetic, nutritional, environmental, uteroplacental, and fetal factors have been suggested to influence fetal growth. Uteroplacental and umbilical blood flow and transplacental glucose and fetal insulin are major determinants of fetal growth.
When growing living cells in test tubes, biologists are very careful to use a solution known as Ringer's solution. Why is it important that Ringer's solution has a salt concentration. on h exactly equal to body and cellular fluids?
The ringer's solution is used to rapidly restore the circulating blood volumes in the patients. This solution contains salt to irrigate and replenish the fluids and electrolytes in patients.
What is Ringer's solution?The ringer's solution is an aqueous solution of salts such as calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride that provides a medium which is isotonic to the animal tissues and it is used topically for irrigating tissues or intravenously to replenish the fluids and electrolytes in the patient.
Ringer's solution is used to maintain the osmotic balance in bacteria. It is used for the preparation of different suspension of samples and other biological matter in dilution techniques. It is also used for the microbial control of apparatus used in the laboratory by the rinse and swab method.
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PLEASE I know this is simple but can you just give me the answer I need to bring my grade up in bio PLEASE I LOVE YOU
Explanation:
Its a mitochondria and it supplies energy to the cell
50 POINTS!!!!!!!
A dichotomous key works on the principle of asking yes-or-no questions about the organism. To identify it, the answers for that organism are then compared to existing organisms to identify it. Prepare a list of four to five questions about each of the organisms listed below to help you create your own key. For each question, make sure the answer isn’t the same for all four organisms. For example, Does the organism have cells? would be an inappropriate question, because all organisms have cells.
brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E. coli bacteria (Escherichia coli)
green hydra (Hydra viriadissima)
house cat (Felis catus)
The dichotomous key can be used to identify and classify an organism. 1) Is the organism unicellular 2) Does the organism has nuclei? 3) Is the organism a vertebrate? 4) Does the organism have hair and mammal glands?
What is a dichotomous key?A dichotomous key is a support tool that leads to the identification and classification of organisms according to their characteristics.
The key provides simple morphological descriptions about different taxonomic groups so you can identify these traits in your individual and reach the correct classification.
The term dichotomous refers to how information is provided. You will always have two options (in this case, yes or no), and you will have to choose one of them according to the characteristics of your organism.
In the exposed example, we need to make descriptions about four individuals,
Brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)E. coli bacteria (Escherichia coli)Green hydra (Hydra viriadissima)House cat (Felis catus)You should consider these questions are only based on these organisms, meaning general morphological questions that lead to their identification.
1) Is the organism unicellular ------------------------ Yes go to 2)
No go to 3)
2) Does the organism has nuclei? ---------------- Yes S. cerevisiae
No Escherichia coli
3) Is the organism a vertebrate? -------------------- Yes go to 4)
No Hydra viriadissima
4) Does the organism have hair and mammal glands? ----- Yes F. catus
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students conducted a controlled experiment to investigate whether sawdust provides enough nutrients to support plant growth. the students separated ten nearly identical sunflower seedlings into two groups. they grew the seedlings in the first group in potting soil and the seedlings in the second group in sawdust composed mostly of cellulose. after twenty days, the students recorded observations about the seedlings
The observed differences between the groups most likely resulted from differences in the ability of the seedlings to produce glucose monomers.
What are the nutrients required for plant growth?Nutrients are those compounds or substances that provide living organisms with the materials they require for their growth and metabolism.
The main nutrients required for the growth and development of plants include:
carbohydratesproteinslipidsminerals such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, oxygen, etc,The nutrients required by plants for their growth are obtained from the soil, the atmosphere, as well as from water.
Plants require these minerals from fertilized soil, else they will have as stunted growth and will not be able to produce their food in the form of glucose monomers.
Saw dust lack these nutrients and plants will not grow well in sawdust.
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Complete question:
Students conducted a controlled experiment to investigate whether sawdust provides enough nutrients to support plant growth. The students separated ten nearly identical sunflower seedlings into two groups. They grew the seedlings in the first group in potting soil and the seedlings in the second group in sawdust composed mostly of cellulose. After twenty days, the students recorded observations about the seedlings in each group. The students’ observations are presented in the table. Treatment Group Mean Seedling Height Observations Seedlings in potting soil 18.5 cm The leaves have a dark green color and are normal in size. Seedlings in sawdust 4.8 cm The leaves have a grayish color and are small in size. The observed differences between the groups most likely resulted from differences in the ability of the seedlings to produce which of the following monomers?
Explain, in your own words, how you would use the light microscope to view a wet mount of a protist, assuming the microscope is plugged in and that the light source is on.
A light microscope is an instrument commonly used in the laboratory which makes use of light rays for viewing and enlarging smaller objects/organisms.
The wet protist is first of all put on the slide then the slide is placed on the Stage which is the flat podium where the slides containing the samples are put for viewing.
The Stage clips are then used to hold the slide containing the wet protist in proper place for a better viewing result.
The Coarse and fine focus knobs are used to adjust the stage by raising and lowering it .
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How do ions help keep your heart beating? Responses distributing electrical charges distributing electrical charges easily transporting messages easily transporting messages dissolving in your blood stream dissolving in your blood stream readily bonding with other atoms
According to the research, the correct option is distributing electrical charges. Ions help to keep the heart beating by distributing electrical charges.
How do ions keep the heart beating?Ions are a group of atoms that gains electrical charge and the direction of movement of these ions (in or out) influences the electrical activity in the human heart by sodium-potassium pump.
In this sense, the sequence of contractions of the heart is produced by depolarization distributing electrical charges, that is, the inversion of the electrical polarity of the membrane due to the passage of active ions.
Therefore, we can conclude that cardiac activity is mediated by the passage of ions that distribute electrical charges between the interior and exterior of heart cells.
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Which molecule would pass through the membrane by simple
diffusion?
Answer:
Oxygen
Explanation:
Answer: gases such as 0z
Explanation:
Pls help I’ll give you 25 pints
Answer:
1. Water
2. groundwater and ocean
3. evaporation and transpiration.
4. precipitation and runoff
5. precipitation
6. pollutants could be brought down to contaminate rivers, streams, lakes, and oceans.
The presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood is known as.
Answer: Hyperalbuminemia
Explanation: Hyperalbuminemia, Definition - the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood.
Organisms exhibit different type of adoptions as a mean of survival.What type of adoptions do the caterpillar and the plant show in this interaction?
The adaptation in this interaction of the green plant and the caterpillar is an example of structural adaptation.
What is adaptation?The term adaptation has to do with the physical or the structural or even functional changes that is seen to occur in an organism so that the organism can be able to carry out its life activities very easily. We know that there are various kinds of habitat that the organism could be able to find itself and the organism must be able to have within it, the ways that would enable it to survive the harsh conditions of that particular or given environment.
In this case, a green caterpillar feeding on a green leaf. The green color of the caterpillar is an example of a adaptation to avoid predators, while the release of bioactive chemicals by the plant to protect itself from the insect’s attack is a adaptation.
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Missing parts;
Organisms exhibit different types of adaptations as a means of survival. What type of adaptations do the caterpillar and the plant show in this interaction?
a green caterpillar feeding on a green leaf
The green color of the caterpillar is an example of a adaptation to avoid predators, while the release of bioactive chemicals by the plant to protect itself from the insect’s attack is a adaptation.
Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the pacific yew tree that binds to microtubules and prevents their depolymerization. Which phase of mitosis or cell division would be inhibited by treatment with taxol?.
Metaphase stage of mitosis or cell division would be inhibited by treatment with taxol.
Microtubules are structures that help in the alignment of the chromosomes in the phase referred to as the metaphase. The alignment and splitting of the chromosomes occur due to the microtubules.
The organization of the microtubule will be affected by the anticancer drug called as taxol because taxol binds to microtubules and prevents their depolymerization.
As a result of taxol, the microtubules would not be able to align the chromosomes and hence the chromosomes will not be able to split.
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8. What is happening to the surface area to volume ratio as the cell size increases?
Answer:
gets smaller
Explanation:
as the cell gets larger. Thus, if the cell grows beyond a certain limit, not enough material will be able to cross the membrane fast enough to accommodate the increased cellular volume.As a cell's size increases, what happens to the ratio of its surface area to its volume? As a cell grows, its surface area-to-volume ratio decreases.
in the first step of glycogenolysis, the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase acts on glycogen to produce glucose-1-phosphate. what must happen to this product before it can enter the glycolysis pathway?
In the first step of glycogenolysis, it must isomerize to glucose-6-phosphate before it can enter the glycolysis pathway.
The metabolic process known as glycolysis is what turns glucose into pyruvate. The high-energy molecules reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and adenosine triphosphate are created using the free energy released during this process. A series of 10 events known as glycolysis are facilitated by enzymes. By dissolving glucose into two molecules with three carbons each, the cytoplasmic mechanism of glycolysis produces energy. Hexokinase, an enzyme, aids in the process of phosphorylation, which traps glucose. In this process, ATP is utilised, and the end product, glucose-6-P, inhibits hexokinase. One 6-carbon molecule of glucose is oxidised in the cytoplasm during glycolysis to produce two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules. Pyruvate's fate is determined by whether cells have mitochondria and oxygen or not.
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Answer:
Explanation:Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose-6-phosphate by process of phosphorylation. In our body glycogen is stored in the liver.
In the first step of glycogenolysis, enzyme glycogen phosphorylase does an isomerization process and after that converted form of glycogen can enter into the glycolysis pathway; so, this isomerization process must happen for the entry of glycogen into the glycolysis cycle.
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which statement is an example of a chemical change? group of answer choices a plant converts carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. ice cubes are formed in the freezer. a tree is cut down in the forest. confetti is cut from pieces of paper. water evaporates from a lake.
An example of a chemical change: A plant converts carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. Ice cubes are formed in the freezer.
Chemical change arises when a substance combines with every other to form a new substance, known as chemical synthesis or, as an alternative, chemical decomposition into extra distinctive substances. those tactics are called chemical reactions and, in widespread, are not reversible except by using similar chemical reactions. Wikipedia
The five conditions of chemical exchange: coloration exchange, formation of a precipitate, formation of a fuel, smell trade, and temperature trade. A chemical exchange happens when one chemical substance is transformed into one or more one-of-a-kind materials, such as when iron will become rust. Chemical adjustments occur through the method of chemical reactions, and the ensuing materials have different residences because their atoms and molecules are organized otherwise.
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Question 4
Which describes this statement, "The frog is 4 cm long"?
A) inference
B) quantitative data
C) control group
D) qualitative data
Answer: Quantitative Data
Explanation:
The statement is describing a measurement taken of the frog.
A is wrong because we are certain the frog is 4 centimeters
B is correct
C is wrong because we are focusing on a single data point
D is wrong because 4 centimeters is a specific quantity not a "quality"
This difference between scientific theories and scientific laws is:
Group of answer choices
A. laws always conform to "common sense" and theories do not.
B. there is no difference
C. a law tells what happens; a theory explains why
D. a law is just a hypothesis ; a theory is known to be true
when an infectious disease cannot spread in a population because it lacks a significant number of susceptible hosts, the phenomenon is referred to as contact immunity herd immunity. active immunity. passive immunity.
An infectious disease cannot spread in a population because it lacks a significant number of susceptible hosts, the phenomenon is called contact immunity herd immunity.
What is herd immunity?
Herd immunity, also known as herd effect, community immunity, population immunity, or mass immunity, is an indirect kind of defense that only works against infectious illnesses. It happens when a sizable portion of a population has developed an immunity to infection, whether from prior infections or vaccinations, decreasing the risk of disease for others who do not have immunity.
When herd immunity is attained, illness progressively vanishes from a community and, if accomplished globally, may lead to zero elimination or a permanent reduction of infections.
The creation of herd immunity through vaccination has helped to reduce the prevalence of numerous illnesses.
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Which molecule, made by the light reactions in plants, could be used by cellular respiration in some bacteria?.
Oxygen and glucose are produced during photosynthesis and are used as the precursors for cellular respiration.
Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP are produced during cellular respiration, and these substances—along with sunlight—are the precursors for photosynthesis.
Energy is the capacity to carry out a task or generate heat. The energy of the system changes as a result of the rearrangement of atoms between different substances and the rupturing or formation of chemical bonds.
When energy is discharged from the system into the environment in the form of heat, the reaction is said to be exothermic.
Cells' mitochondria are where cellular respiration takes place. Carbohydrates (raw material) are mixed with oxygen taken in from the outside environment to release the chemical energy they contain. Additionally emitted are carbon dioxide and water vapor.
Therefore, cellular respiration is a chemical reaction that produces heat.
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researchers collected seeds from a certain wild plant and planted them in groups of kin (seeds of the same mother plant) or non‑kin (seeds from different plants). each group of four seeds was planted either together in one pot or in a cluster of four pots that contained the same volume of soil. after eight weeks, the researchers measured the amount of roots each plant had produced. they found that related plants grown together in one pot produced smaller root systems so as not to compete with one another. plants grown in separate containers and non‑kin plants grown in a single container had 15% more roots.
It is an experiment.
Experiment to demonstrate that related plants grown together in one pot produced smaller root systems in order to avoid competition, plants grown in separate containers, and nonkin plants grown in a single container had 15% more roots.
The complete question is:
Researchers collected seeds from a certain wild plant and planted them in groups of kin (seeds of the same mother plant) or non‑kin (seeds from different plants). each group of four seeds was planted either together in one pot or in a cluster of four pots that contained the same volume of soil. after eight weeks, the researchers measured the amount of roots each plant had produced. they found that related plants grown together in one pot produced smaller root systems so as not to compete with one another. plants grown in separate containers and non‑kin plants grown in a single container had 15% more roots. Was this a sample survey, an observational study, or an experiment? an observational study an experiment a sample survey.
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Which statement describes the movement of water when a cell shrinks and shrivels due to osmosis?
Water went into the cell because the concentration of water inside the cell was lower than the concentration outside the cell.
Water went out of the cell because the concentration of water inside the cell was higher than the concentration outside the cell.
The cell membrane used energy to move water into the cell through passive transport.
The cell membrane used energy to move water out of the cell through passive transport.
Mark this and return
Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from a high water potential to a low water potential to equalize solute concentrations. Thus option (B) is correct.
What is osmosis?Osmosis transports a solvent through a semipermeable membrane between two solutions of different solute concentration. Osmosis transfers solvent from low-solute to high-solute solutions.
Osmosis occurs in both the small and large intestines, with the majority of osmosis occurring in the large intestine. As your body processes food, it moves from the esophagus to the stomach and then to the small intestine. While there, your body absorbs important nutrients via osmosis.
Osmosis helps in stabilizing the internal environment of the organism by balancing the levels of water and intracellular fluids. Also, the nutrients and minerals enter the cell by osmosis which is necessary for the survival of cells.
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What do you think is the same characteristic/attitude of a person and your chosen pets?
Chosen pet: Dog and Cat
Answer:
gentle, caring, enthusiastic, loving
you are studying 12 new isolates from the human skin. their average nucleotide identity for shared orthologous genes is 97%. the isolates would most likely be
The isolates would be classified as individual strains of the same species.
The average nucleotide Identity (ANI) above 95% are considered of same species.
What is Average nucleotide identity?
Average nucleotide Identity is a method of comparing sequenced microbial genomes. It is used for prokaryotes. As, 12 new isolates from the human skin have 97% average nucleotide identity for shared orthologous genes , so they are classified as individuals strains of the same species.
Therefore if you are studying 12 new isolates from the human skin, their average nucleotide identity for shared orthologous genes is 97%, then isolates would most likely be classified as individual strains of the same species.
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