(2R, 3R, 4S) - 2,3,4 - trichloro pentane and (2R,3R,4R)- 2,3,4- trichloro heptane both pairs are Enantiomers which exactly have the same connectivity byt opposite three- dimensional space.
The Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. In a mirror view absolute configuration R becomes S and S becomes R. This can be observed in the names of the two given isomers. Also, all other positions and basic skeleton structure of the compound is same in both the isomers. Two compounds with the exact same connectivity, that are mirror images of each other but that are not identical to each other. Enantiomers contain no mirror planes. Enantiomers do not contain two equal and opposite halves. Enantiomers are another example of a type of stereoisomers. Two enantiomers have identical physical properties, except for optical rotation.
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how many carbon atoms are there in a 2.6-carat diamond? diamonds are a form of pure carbon. ( 1 carat
2.8 x 10^9 atoms carbon atoms are there in a 2.6-carat diamond. diamonds are a form of pure carbon
Having the chemical symbol C and atomic number 6, carbon is an element with the meaning "coal" in Latin. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent, meaning that four of its atom's electrons can be used to create covalent chemical connections. The periodic table's group 14 is where it belongs. Only 0.025 percent of the crust of the Earth is made up of carbon. Crude oil, methane gas, and coal are used as fuel sources (which is used to make gasoline). All kinds of materials i.e diamond, including polymers and steel alloys, are made with it (a combination of carbon and iron)
2.8 carat C x (0.20g C/ 1 carat C) x (1 mole C/ 12.01 g C) x (6.02 x 10^23 atoms C/ 1 mole C)
= 2.8 x 10^9 atoms C
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Which two of the following phrases describing the synthesis of amino acids are accurate?
1. Lysine is an essential amino acid and is synthesized in the human boy by the transamination of alpha-ketoglutarate.
2. Synthesis of the amino acid alanine involves reduction (that is, the precursor is reduced) its degradation involves oxidation
3. The carbon sources for nonessential amino acid synthesis include metabolic pathway intermediates and alpah-keto acids.
4. The synthesis of alanine from pyruvate, an alpah-keto acid, involves the oxidation of pyruvate.
5. The carboxyl groups of all the non essential amino acis are derived from glutamate.
2,5 are the two phrases describing the synthesis of amino acids are accurate.
Alpha-ketoglutarate is transaminated in the human body to produce lysine, an important amino acid. The precursor is reduced during the amino acid alanine's synthesis, and oxidation occurs during alanine's breakdown.
The precursor is reduced during the amino acid alanine's synthesis, while oxidation occurs during alanine's breakdown. Metabolic pathway intermediates and alpha-keto acids are the carbon sources for the production of non-essential amino acids.
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the h for the dissolution of solid sodium hydroxide in water is -44.4 kj/mol. what is the final temperature of a solution when 13.9 g of naoh dissolves in 250.0 g of water in a coffee-cup calorimeter?
The heat of solution when solid sodium hydroxide dissolve in water is: eq Delta H =-44.4, 37.76 C is the final temperature of a solution.
Given data:
∆H = -44.4 kJ/mol
The heat released by 1 mol of NaOH is:
1 mol NaOH×(44.4 kJ)/(1 mol NaOH)×(1000 J)/(1 kJ)=44400 J
The heat released by 13.9 g of NaOH solution is:
13.9 g NaOH×(1 mol NaOH)/(40 g NaOH)×(44400 J)/(1 mol NaOH)=15429 J
The temperature is:
Q=mC(T_2-23)
15429=250×4.18×(T-23)
Solving for T final temperature
T final temperature = 37.76°C
The amount of heat released or absorbed during a reaction in solution that takes place under constant pressure is referred to as the enthalpy change. It has the sign H, which may be interpreted as "delta H."
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mercuric oxidation in water, followed by nabh4 reduction results in markovnikov addition of water. draw the mechanism and predict the major organic product.
The major organic product is Oxymercuration demercuration reaction of alkene gives alcohol. This reaction undergoes a markonikov addition of water. We get more substituted alcohol as product.
An organic product is crafted from materials produced through organic agriculture. most widely known natural merchandise are organic meals gadgets, however garb and personal care gadgets also can be made with organic agriculture.
Alcohol is a psychoactive drug that has been consumed in drinks for … maximum of human history. In chemistry, the term alcohol refers to a whole elegance of natural compounds that consist of a hydroxyl organization – along with an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom – bonded to a carbon atom.
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What is the mass of a proton in atomic mass units (amu)?
The mass of a proton in atomic mass units 1.00778 a.m.u.
The positively charged particles that typically make up an atom's nucleus are known as protons. Ernest Rutherford made the proton scientifically known in 1909 through his well-known experiment with gold foil. A hydrogen atom weighs the same as one proton.
A hydrogen atom is composed of a proton and an electron. Because it is believed that an electron's mass is negligible, the mass of a hydrogen atom is equal to that of a proton. A proton weighs almost 1840 times less than an electron. The charges of electrons and protons are equivalent and move in the opposite directions. It therefore has a unit positive charge. A proton weighs 1.00778 a.m.u., or 1.676 x 1027 kg.
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Consider the following four molecules. Which of these satisfy the octet rule and which do not?
P
F
5
C
s
2
B
B
r
3
C
O
2
−
3
Only CS2 and 2CO3 adhere to the octet rule, and the others all do not.
What are the octet rule's four exceptions?Too few electrons exist in hydrogen, beryllium, and boron for them to form an octet. There is just one location where hydrogen may make a bond with another atom and only one valence electron. Beryllium can only establish electron pair bonds in two places since it only has two valence atoms.
What substances are permitted to defy the octet rule?Hydrogen, beryllium, and boron do not contain enough electrons to form an octet. In hydrogen, there is just one valence electron, and there is only one place where it can bond to another atom.
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Cut 2-4cm of magnesium ribbon. this sentence change into past passive tense?
2-4cm of magnesium ribbon was cut.
Lithium has two isotopes with mass number 6 and 7. If the relative atomic mass of
lithium is 6.94, determine the percentage abundance of each isotope.
one of the many isotopes used in cancer treatment is witha half life of . determine the mass of this isotope that is required
The mass of this isotope this is required to treatment of cancer with half life of 2.70 days and 205 C is 1.187 mg.
Isotope is described as or greater extraordinary forms of atoms with the identical atomic variety, however extraordinary nucleon values at extraordinary positions at the periodic table. Isotopes are varieties of an detail which have the identical variety of protons and electrons however differing numbers of neutrons.
Let's first translate the 2.70 day 1/2 of existence into seconds to achieve the subsequent 1/2 of existence: T(1/2) =233300 sec2.971x10-6, decide the decay constant.
Now that we've the decay constant, we are able to clear up for the amount of isotopes required to supply an pastime of 290 Ci (that's identical to 1.073x10¹³ decays consistent with second) the use of the fee of degradation equation. Due to the truth that we're discussing the start action, t = zero for this equation.
- 1.073 * 10 ^ 3 =-A?e^ ^ (-?*zero) Since we're dropping isotopes as opposed to obtaining them, the left facet of the equation is negative.
Fill withinside the blanks: A = 3.611x1018 isotopes
Find out how plenty mass is contained in all of those isotopes now.(3.611x1018) x(198u) = 7.150x102° u
Thus, the mass of this isotope this is required to present an pastime of 205 C is 1.187mg.
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The complete question
One of the many isotopes used in cancer treatment is 198Au, with a half-life of 2.70 days. Determine the mass of this isotope that is required to give an activity of 221 Ci.
a 1.0 x 102 mol sample of a compound that undergoes a first order process is known to have a half-life of 15 minutes. how many moles of the sample remain after 45 minutes?
The 7 moles of the sample remain after 45 minutes.
What is half-life?
The amount of time it takes for a particular reactant's concentration to reach 50% of its initial concentration is known as the half-life of a chemical reaction.
What is first order reaction ?
A first-order reaction is a chemical process in which the rate of the reaction depends linearly on the concentration of just one ingredient. To put it another way, a first-order reaction is a chemical reaction in which the rate varies depending on changes in the concentration of just one of the reactants.
Therefore, 7 moles of the sample remain after 45 minutes.
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Answer: 12.5 mol of unknown
Explanation: 15 minutes per generation after 45 minutes there will be 3 generations [tex]\frac{45}{15}[/tex] = 3.
1.0*10^2 = 100mol
100mol → 50mol → 25mol → 12.5mol or 13mol
Initial 1st gen 2nd gen 3rd gen
FILL IN THE BLANK. 0.50 mole of NaCl is added to 1.0 kg of water. The freezing point of the solution will be ________.=A) 0.00 °CB) 0.93 °CC) 1.86 °CD) -0.93 °CE) -1.86 °C
The freezing point of 0.5 mole of NaCl in 1.0 kg water will be -1.86 °C
The freezing point depression formula is:
Δ[tex]T = i * Kf * m[/tex]
where:
ΔT = the change in the freezing point
i = the van't Hoff factor of NaCl = 2
Kf = the freezing point depression constant of water = [tex]1.86\frac{Celcius}{m}[/tex]
m = the molality of the solution
The molality of the solution will be stated in the equation as moles of NaCl per kilogram of solvent.
Δ[tex]T = i * Kf * m[/tex]
Δ[tex]T = i * Kf * (\frac{moles NaCl}{kg of water} )[/tex]
We can now use the equation for the freezing point depression to calculate the freezing point of the solution.
Δ[tex]T = i * Kf * (\frac{moles NaCl}{kg of water} )[/tex]
Δ[tex]T = 2 * 1.86 * (\frac{0.5}{1} )[/tex]
Δ[tex]T = 1.86[/tex]
[tex]0.00 Celcius - Freezing Point Solution = 1.86[/tex]
[tex]Freezing Point Solution = -1.86 Celcius degree[/tex]
As the result, the freezing point of the solution will be -1.86 °C and the right answer is E.
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Balance the following chemical equation.
CO2(g)+CaSiO3(s)+H2O(l) --> SiO2(s)+Ca(HCO3)2(aq)
Balanced Equation: CaSiO3 + 2 CO2 + H2O = Ca(HCO3)2 + SiO2
One or more chemical substances can react with each other and form one or more new substances through a process which is referred to as chemical reaction.
Reactants are the elements required for a reaction's initialization.
The components that remain after a reaction are called products.
Each kind of atom is to be present on both the reactant and product side of a chemical equation in a chemical reaction in order for it to be balanced.
On both sides of balanced chemical equations, the same number and type of each atom can be found.
A balanced chemical equation must have coefficients that are the smallest whole number ratio.
Mass is always conserved in chemical processes.
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When analyzing the following reaction: 2A + B + 2C > E it was determined through a series of trials that doubling the concentration of A caused the rate of reaction to increase by a factor of 4, tripling the concentration of B had no effect on the rate and doubling the concentration of C caused the rate to double. The rate orders would be:
Question 13 options:
A = 2, B=3, C=2
A = 4, B=0, C=2
A = 2, B=0, C=1
A = 4, B=3, C=2
The rate orders would be: C. A = 2, B=0, C=1
What is the rate order?The rate law demonstrates how the concentration of the reactant affects the rate of a chemical reaction. The rate law typically takes the form rate = k[A]n for a reaction such as a products, where k is a proportionality constant known as the rate constant and n is the order of the reaction with respect to A.
Option (1), (2) and Option 4 is incorrect because the provided expression is incorrect for a reaction rate.
The reaction is 2A + B + 2C > E. The mathematical dependence of the rate on reactant concentrations is described by the reaction orders in a rate law. The reaction is m order with respect to A and n order with respect to B, according to the general rate law discussed above. For instance, the reaction is first order in A and second order in B if m = 1 and n = 2.
In conclusion, the correct option is C.
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what volume of water must be added to 41.5 ml of sulfuric acid solution in order to reduce its concentration to 1/10 its original concentration?
Lessening a solution's concentration is the process of dilution. Knowing the volume and concentration of a chemical allows for dilution calculations.
How is a 10% solution changed into a 1% solution?Explanation: It just takes 10 mL of the 10% solution to dilute it up to 100 mL with FRESH SOLVENT, or ten times as much to lower the concentration to 1%.
How can the amount of water added to dilute a solution be calculated?(C1) (V1) = (C2) (V2) is the formula for determining a dilution, where C1 is the concentration of the beginning solution. The initial solution's volume is designated as V1. The final solution's concentration is C2. The final solution's volume is V2.
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the volume of an unknown liquid is measured to be 25 ml. the mass of the liquid is 20. grams. what is the density of the liquid?
The density of the liquid is 0.8 g/ml, that can be calculated by substituting the values in density formula.
Density can be defined as the ratio of mass over volume. It can be expressed as follows:
Density= Mass/Volume
There can be various units to define density but the standard unit of density is g/ml.
The volume of the liquid = 25 ml
The mass of the liquid =20 grams
Density= 20/25
Density=0.8 g/ml
Therefore, the density of the liquid is 0.8 g/ml.
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Add a small amount of water to the resulting powder in the crcible and sake it. this sentence change into past passive
Next, I added a small amount of water to the resulting power in the crucible and shook it.
at what temperature will he atoms have the same the root mean square speed as n2 at 25 oc?
At 42.57 K will the atoms have the same the root mean square (rms) speed/velocity as N2 at 25 degree celsius
Crms = sqrt ( 3RT/M)
T1 = ? M1 = 2
T2 = 25 degree celsius = 298 K
M2 = 7 * 2 = 14
so T1 = M1 * T2/M2 = 2*298/14 = 42.57 K
The root mean square (RMS) velocity V of the molecules of an ideal gas is given by the equations v=sqrt(3RTM) and v=sqrt(3KTm). where R is the universal gas constant and T is the absolute value (Kelvin). m is the molar mass, K is the Boltzmann constant, and M is the molecular weight.
vrms=√(3RT/M) is the RMS velocity of gas molecules. where R is the universal gas constant, T is the temperature of the gas, and M is the molecular weight of the gas.
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isopropyl alcohol is mixed with water to produce a 37.0% (v/v) alcohol solution. how many milliliters of each component are present in 815 ml of this solution? assume that volumes are additive.
815 mL of this solution contains 570.5 mL of water and 244.5 mL of alcohol, respectively.
We are given a solution of alcohol that is 30.0% (v/v). This indicates that there is 30.0 mL of alcohol in 100 mL of solution.
The volume of alcohol In the 815 mL solution must now be calculated.
As 30.0 mL of alcohol is present in 100 mL of solution.
Therefore, a solution of 815 mL [tex]\frac{815}{100} *30.0 = 244.5mL[/tex] of alcohol.
Alcohol, therefore, has a capacity of 244.5 mL.
We must now determine the water’s volume.
[tex]The volume of water = Volume of the solution - Volume of alcohol[/tex]
Water volume = 815 mL – 244.5 mL
Water volume = 570.5 mL
As a result, the water’s volume is 570.5 mL.
Thus, there are 570.5 mL of water and 244.5 mL of alcohol, respectively, in 815 mL of this solution.
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what mass of aluminum sulphate is required to produce 455 mL of 0.310 mol/L of aluminum ions in grams.
Answer:The mass of aluminum sulfate required to produce 455 mL of 0.310 mol/L of aluminum ions is approximately 94.7 grams.
Explanation: To determine the mass of aluminum sulfate that is required to produce 455 mL of 0.310 mol/L of aluminum ions, you will need to first calculate the number of moles of aluminum ions that are required. You can use the following steps:
Convert the volume of the solution to liters. Since there are 1000 mL in 1 L, the volume in liters is:
volume (L) = 455 mL / 1000 mL/L = 0.455 L
Calculate the number of moles of aluminum ions. Using the concentration of the solution in mol/L, the number of moles of aluminum ions is:
moles (mol) = concentration (mol/L) x volume (L)
= 0.310 mol/L x 0.455 L = 0.139 mol
Calculate the mass of aluminum sulfate required to produce this many moles of aluminum ions. Aluminum sulfate contains two aluminum ions per molecule, so the number of moles of aluminum sulfate required is twice the number of moles of aluminum ions. The mass of aluminum sulfate required can then be calculated using the molar mass of aluminum sulfate:
mass (g) = moles (mol) x molar mass (g/mol)
= (0.139 mol x 342.1 g/mol) / 2
= 94.7 g
Therefore, the mass of aluminum sulfate required to produce 455 mL of 0.310 mol/L of aluminum ions is approximately 94.7 grams.
Keep in mind that this is the mass of aluminum sulfate required to produce the desired concentration of aluminum ions in the solution, and that the actual mass of the solution may be larger due to the presence of water or other dissolved substances.
which pair of atoms have the most similar atomic radius? question 37 options: si and ge si and se si and ga si and ar
si and ar pair of atoms have the most similar atomic radius
The distance between identical atoms' bound nuclei is known as the atomic radius, and it is equal to one-half of that distance. Illustration 6.15. 2 One-half of the distance (d) between the two nuclei of a diatomic molecule is known as the atomic radius, or r, of an atom. The diameter of an atom is determined by the space between its repelling atoms' nuclei; the radius is equal to half of this distance. Consider an illustration. 198 picometers (pm), or 1.98, is the diameter created by the collision of chloride (Cl) atoms (angstroms). (An angstrom () is equal to 10-10 metres.
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When sulfuric acid is combined with sugar, gas is released and a tall black column forms. This is an example of a..?
a. physical property
b. chemical property
c. physical change
d. chemical change
Answer: d)
Explanation: Sulfuric acid on reaction with sugar leads to the formation of a lot of heat indicating it to be an exothermic reaction, a large quantity of steam , a black carbon containing tube like structure pushing itself out of the beaker.It is demonstrated as:
C12H22O11 (sugar) + H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) → 12 C (carbon) + 11 H2O (water) + mixture water and acid
The process is actually the dehydration of sugar. It can be demonstrated by simply adding table sugar to a beaker and adding sulfuric acid to it. The process is followed by the release of heat, oxide fumes, and a black tube structure as mentioned. The white sugar on addition of this sulfuric acid get dehydrated and pushes itself outwards by forming a black carbon containing tube like structure.
Since the process is irreversible is nature therefore is a chemical change.
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in the Bohr model of the atom, in which orbit is an electron in its lowest energy state?
a. in the orbit closest to the nucleus
b. in the orbit farthest from the nucleus
c. in the electron cloud
d. midway between two orbits
An electron is in its lowest energy state Option A: on the orbit closest to the nucleus.
In terms of genomics, a nucleus is the organelle within a cell that is membrane-enclosed and houses the chromosomes. The nuclear membrane has a variety of pores that enable the selective passage of specific molecules (such proteins and nucleic acids) into and out of the nucleus.
The nucleus carries the genes, structures that hold the genetic information, and controls and regulates the functions of the cell (such as growth and metabolism). Small structures called nucleoli are frequently detected inside the nucleus. The nucleoplasm is the gel-like matrix in which the nuclear parts are suspended.
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draw the major organic product of the reaction. show the stereochemistry, if applicable. omit byproducts such as water or bromide ion.
Only E alkene is produced as a significant product in this reaction. Z-alkenes exhibit more steric repulsions because the bulky isopropyl and methyl groups are both present on the same side of the double bond.
The study of the relative spatial arrangement of the atoms that are present in the molecules' structure is known as the stereochemistry of the substance. Isomerization occurs when two molecules have the same chemical structure but distinct configurations.
The stereoisomers are the cis-trans isomers. The two comparable or higher priority groups are linked to the carbon atom with the double bond on the same side in the cis isomer. The two comparable or higher priority groups are connected to the carbon atom with the double are on the opposite side in the trans isomer.
Saytzeff's rule states that when an asymmetric molecule is eliminated and there are many places where the unsaturation might occur, the alkene with the greatest number of substituted carbons will often result.
When a base and 3-Bromo-2,2,3-trimethyl pentane react, two compounds are produced by dehydrohalogenation. One product has more substituted alkene, whereas the other has less.
The reaction is shown in the below-mentioned diagram.
Saytzeff's Rule states that alkenes with more substituents are more stable.
As a result, the key component of the given reaction is illustrated below:
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on the basis of periodic trends, choose the more metallic element from each pair (if possible).
Sn is more metallic than Te because following the path between Sn and Te in the periodic table moves to the right within the same period.
The metallic properties of an element are defined as the susceptibility of its atoms to lose electrons. According to the modern periodic table, the metallic properties of elements decrease as they move from left to right over a period of time. Moving cyclically increases the nuclear attraction due to the increase in atomic number and decreases the atomic size. Therefore, elements cannot readily donate electrons. Therefore, metallicity decreases over a period moving from left to right. Moving down the group increases the metal letters on the periodic table. As the distance between the valence electrons and the nucleus increases, the attractive force between them also decreases. If you increase the atomic radius, you lose electrons very easily.
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you have samples of each of the following gases, all at 25 °c and one atmosphere pressure. which sample has the lowest density?
a. Ammonia
b. Argon
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Nitrogen dioxide
e. Oxygen
Answer:
Yeah. Mhm. So on this question, it asked about finding the highest density for a few gasses all at the same temperature. And since gasses will all have the same volume, if they have the same number of moles, your density would be The mass of each over the volume of 25°C. Now the volume of 0°C is 22.4. In order to find the volume at 25°C, you could do PV Equals NRT and plug in one mole, 25°C Plus 2 73. Right to get to Calvin's. Um The pressure value which I don't believe was given in the question of one atmosphere of pressure. Okay, so one atmosphere of pressure, the R value and atmospheres and then you would find the volume. Each of them. You would take their molar mass over that volume. Or if all you want to do is rank them. The highest molar mass would be the most dense. So if you needed the actual density, okay, you would do the molar mass Over the volume. For one mole, each gas would have the same volume. But if all you have to do is rank them. The one with the highest molar mass is the most ends and the one with the lowest molar mass would be the least ends.
Explanation:
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write and balance the chemical reaction for the following: silver nitrate reacts with solid nickel to form nickel(ii) nitrate and solid silver. what is the coefficient on silver nitrate?
The balanced chemical equation for the given reaction is given as,
2AgNO₃(aq) + NiCl₂(aq) → 2AgCl(s) + Ni(NO₃)₂(aq)
For writing a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous nickel(II) chloride to produce solid silver chloride and aqueous nickel(II) nitrate
First, we have to write the chemical formula for the each of the reactants and products is,
Silver nitrate - AgNO₃
Nickel(II) chloride - NiCl₂
Silver chloride - AgCl
Nickel(II) nitrate - Ni(NO₃)₂
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is given as,
2AgNO₃(aq) + NiCl₂(aq) → 2AgCl(s) + Ni(NO₃)₂(aq)
Hence, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction is
2AgNO₃(aq) + NiCl₂(aq) → 2AgCl(s) + Ni(NO₃)₂(aq)
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what is reduced in the following reaction? 2 bi3+ + 3 mg → 2 bi + 3 mg2+
In the given reaction: 2Bi³⁺ + 3Mg → 2Bi + 3Mg²⁺ , Bi³⁺ is reduced to Bi.
In a chemical reaction, reduction means gain of electrons or loss of oxygen whereas oxidation means loss of electrons or gain of oxygen. An oxidizing agent is always reduced and a reducing agent is always oxidized.
Reactions in which oxidation and reduction takes place simultaneously are known as redox reactions. The above reaction is an example of redox reaction.
Magnesium (Mg ) being the reducing agent, reduces Bi³⁺ to Bi (Bismuth) and is itself oxidized to Mg²⁺.
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if dfb = 3 and dft = 29 and fobt = 3.15, what would you conclude using a = 0.05?
if dfb = 3 and dft = 29 and fobt = 3.15, using the given we can can reject our null hypothesis, H_0.
Option (a) is the correct choice.
From the available information,
d fB=3, d fT=29, alpha=0.05, F_{obt}=3.15
Then, dfw = dfT-dfB = 29-3 = 26
In variance analysis, the F value is utilized (ANOVA). Two mean squares are divided to calculate it.
The ratio of explained variance to unexplained variance is calculated using this formula. A theoretical distribution is the F distribution.
In hypothesis testing, F Statistics are looked up using the F Table. Although it's more typical to perform tests using software like Excel or SPSS, the F Table might be helpful for rapidly searching up several data at once.
From the F-table,
The tabulated value at F_{0.05}(3,26) is 2.975.
Here the calculated value 3.15 is greater than the tabulated value 2.975,
So, we can reject our null hypothesis, H_0.
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The complete question should be like:
if dfb = 3 and dft = 29 and fobt = 3.15, what would you conclude using a = 0.05?
(a) reject H_0
(b) reject H_1
(c) retain H_0
(d) retain H_1
Calculate the volume of ethyl alcohol that evaporated (in mL). 1 L = 1,000 mL and 1 mole of ANY gas at STP = 22.4 L.
To calculate the volume of ethyl alcohol that evaporated, we need to know the volume of ethyl alcohol that was present initially, the volume of ethyl alcohol after the evaporation, and the molar mass of ethyl alcohol.
Let's assume that the initial volume of ethyl alcohol is V_0 mL and the final volume is V_f mL. The volume of ethyl alcohol that evaporated is then V_e = V_0 - V_f mL.
We can use the ideal gas law to relate the volume of a gas to the number of moles of the gas present. The ideal gas law is given by:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
Since the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas, we can write:
V/n = k
where k is a proportionality constant.
If we know the value of k for a given gas at a particular temperature and pressure, we can use this relationship to calculate the number of moles of the gas present.
In this case, we are told that 1 mole of any gas at STP (standard temperature and pressure) occupies a volume of 22.4 L, which is equivalent to 22,400 mL. Therefore, the value of k for any gas at STP is 22,400 mL/mol.
We can use this value of k to calculate the number of moles of ethyl alcohol that evaporated:
n = V_e/(22,400 mL/mol)
Substituting in the known values for V_e and k, we can calculate the number of moles of ethyl alcohol that evaporated.
For example, if the initial volume of ethyl alcohol was 1,000 mL and the final volume was 900 mL, the volume of ethyl alcohol that evaporated would be V_e = 1,000 mL - 900 mL = 100 mL. The number of moles of ethyl alcohol that evaporated would be:
n = 100 mL/(22,400 mL/mol) = 0.0044 moles
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any questions.
which reaction conditions would generate cyclopentyl ethyl ether utilizing the williamson ether synthesis? answer (a) bromocyclopentane and sodium ethoxide (b) bromoethane and sodiumpentoxide (c) ethanol and bromocyclopentane (d) both a
The synthesis of cyclopentyl ethyl ether, a combination of bromocyclopentane and sodium ethoxide (option a) or ethanol and bromocyclopentane (option c) can be used as reaction conditions.
What is synthesis?Synthesis is the process of combining multiple sources of information to create a unique idea or perspective. It involves taking a variety of ideas and combining them together to form a new, unique thought or opinion. Synthesis is often used in research papers and essays to develop a deeper understanding of a given topic. It allows readers to draw their own conclusions by looking at the various sources of information and forming their own opinion. Synthesis is an important skill to have in order to be able to think critically, analyze information, and form new ideas.
The Williamson Ether Synthesis (WES) is a method for synthesizing ethers from alcohols and alkyl halides. The reaction involves deprotonation of the alcohol with a base such as sodium ethoxide to form an alkoxide, followed by reaction with the alkyl halide.
For the synthesis of cyclopentyl ethyl ether, a combination of bromocyclopentane and sodium ethoxide (option a) or ethanol and bromocyclopentane (option c) can be used as reaction conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is (d) both a and c.
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