Grand unified force thermodynamically isolated its internal energy as the universe expanded and cooled at an age about.
The universe's evolution has been split into eras by cosmologists and astronomers.The Planck Era was followed by the Grand Unified Theory Era, which is the third stage of the evolution of the universe.Every era saw significant changes, so it is crucial to investigate what transpired there.Between 10-43 seconds and 10-35 seconds, the Grand Unified Theory Era took place. Such a brief period of time. This brief period of time is hard to imagine.Light has not yet been created in this era. Because of certain circumstances, such as high temperature and high pressure, particles and molecules still cannot bind.To learn about universe's evolution-
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Which of the followings forms of energy is released or absorbed in most chemical reactions
Answer:
Heat energy
Explanation:
Explanation:
heat energy or thermal energy
A 1 kg block is traveling to the right at a speed of 5 m/s. A 2 kg block is traveling to the left at 1 m/s. If the two blocks collide
and stick together, what is their combined speed?
Answer:
1 m/s
Explanation:
According to the law of conservation of momentum:
[tex]m_{1} u_{1} +m_{2} u_{2} =(m_{1} +m_{2} )v[/tex]
We take right to be the positive direction (meaning we put minus in front of the velocity of the block which is travelling to the left):
1 kg * 5 m/s - 2 kg * 1 m/s = (1 kg + 2 kg) * v
5 kgm/s - 2 kgm/s = 3kg * v
3 kgm/s = 3 kg * v
v = 1 m/s
A 2 kg book falls from a 1.5 m high shelf. What will the kinetic energy of the book be as it hits the
floor?
What is the velocity of the book from the first question as it hits the floor?
The kinetic energy of the book be as it hits the floor is - 29.4 kg(m²/s²) and the velocity of the book as it hits the floor is -5.422 m/s .
How is the kinetic energy calculated ?From the question we can get,
mass (m) = 2 kg
height (h) = 1.5 m
we know ,
P.E = mgh
∴ g =9.8 m/s
∴ P.E = 2 × 9.8 × 1.5
∴ P.E = 29.4 kg(m²/s²)
According to the law of conservation of energy, energy cannot be destroyed but can only be converted from one form to another. Because KE and PE are interconvertible, they do not violate the law of conservation of energy.
∴Total Energy = PE + KE
Because the total energy of the system will remain constant, total energy=0
∴ PE+KE=0
It means that
∴PE=-KE
Hence, the kinetic energy is - 29.4 kg(m²/s²)
How to calculate velocity ?We know,
K.E = 1/2 (mv² )
∴ -29.4 = 1/2 ( 2 × v²)
∴ -29.4 = v²
∴ v = √-29.4
∴ v = -5.422 m/s
Hence velocity of book is -5.422 m/s.
What is kinetic energy ?An object's kinetic energy is the energy it has as a result of its motion. It is defined as the amount of work required to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to a certain velocity. The body retains its kinetic energy after gaining it during acceleration until its speed changes.
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the absolute temperature of a sample of monatomic ideal gas is doubled at constant volume. what effect, if any, does this have on the pressure and density of the sample of gas?
a. Remains the same Remains the same
b. Remains the same Doubles
c. Doubles Remains the same
d. Doubles Is multiplied by a factor of 4
e. Is multiplied by a factor of 4 Doubles
Mostly on density and pressure of the gas sample, doubles remain the same.
What is temperature called?Both freezing and boiling temperatures of water serve as the foundation for the two most popular test temperatures, Celsius (C) or Fahrenheit (F). There are 100 steps between the two locations on the Celsius scale and 180 on the Fahrenheit scale. Additionally, scientists employ the Kelvin units of the International System (K).
What is temperature and heat?Definition. The entire energy of all internal molecular motion makes up an object's heat. The heat conduction or average temperature of a molecules within a substance is measured by temperature. S.I. Unit.
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the direction of the force of sliding friction is always select one to that of velocity of the object and is select one static friction.
The direction of the force of sliding friction is always that of velocity of the object.
Moving against the surface's normal, the force of sliding friction acts in a direct proportion to the weight.
Sliding or kinetic friction is the resistance to the actual relative sliding motion between two surfaces in contact. Let's start by learning about frictional forces from a basic understanding. If a metal block is on a table, it might not move in response to a weak force. The metal block begins to move as the force is gradually increased. The resistive force provided by the metal block in its static form is the same as the controlling value of the force at which the metal block begins to move. Static Friction is the name given to this resistive force. The metal block starts to budge as the experiment continues and the force is increased. Moving against the surface's normal, the force of sliding friction acts in a direct proportion to the weight. In particular, if the surface on which the body slides is horizontal, the normal force will be equal to the object's weight.[tex]F=utan\alpha[/tex]To find more about Static Friction -
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an electric motor, with an input power of 250 w, produces 200 w of mechanical power. the efficiency of the motor is
The Efficiency of an electric motor is 80%.
The portion of electrical energy that is not converted into mechanical power is converted to heat, which is largely useless. Assuming no transmission losses happen, as an illustration: For every killowatt of shaft power it produces, a motor with an efficiency of 80% will use 1/0.8=1.25 kW of electrical power.If a motor is 95% efficient, it will only require 1/0.95=1.05 kW to produce 1 kW of shaft work.Even though electric motor use can account for up to 66 percent of the energy costs in the processing of polymers, this is frequently overlooked. When energy is taken into account, the motors in the primary processing machinery, such as injection moulders and extruders, are obvious, but the majority of motors are "hidden" in other machinery, such as compressors, pumps, and fans.The motor's efficiency is defined as the net ratio of input to output mechanical power. Motor efficiency will never be greater than or equal to 100 percent. Efficiency (percent) = Output Power * 100 / Input Power.Efficiency=output work/dW
=200/250%
=80%
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how fast (in km/hr) is a race car going if its eight-cylinder engine emits a sound of frequency 548 hz, given that the engine makes 2622 revolutions per kilometer?
Race car is going at a speed of 94.05 km/hr. , when frequency and revolutions are given.
What is frequency?The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time is called as frequency . It is also referred to as temporal frequency and is distinct from angular frequency. Frequency is measured in hertz.
Given frequency is 548 Hz and 2622 rev/km
Frequency of sound produced by each piston= 548/8
= 68.5 Hz
Each cylinder makes sound every 2 revolutions, therefore for a piston to have 68.5 Hz frequency, it undergoes 137 rev/sec
V= (68.5 rev/sec)/(2622rev/km) * (1000m/1km)
= 26.125 m/s
V = 94.05 km/hr.
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what evidence supports the model of jupiter's galilean satellites forming in a mini accretion disk around jupiter?
The mass trend that among four moons is highest close to Jupiter and decreases with distance, with the inner circular members of this group being slightly lesser than the two end moons.
What are the uses of satellites?There are several satellites in operation. They are used for a number of purposes, including as the weather forecasting, amateur radio, television broadcasting, and the Global Positioning System. They use telescopes to look out at the planetary system in order to do research and collect data.
How many satellites currently exist in orbit?According to UNOOSA statistics from the Concerned Scientists, there are 8,261 satellites orbiting Earth as of December 2022, although only 4,852 among them are currently in use.
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Try to make only one molecule of water in the simulation. Is it possible?
In the simulation, an oxygen atom by itself doesn't exist. There are always two atoms of oxygen.
Why are you unable to operate with a single water molecule in your lab?A single water molecule is quite tiny. Since humans are unable to see or feel a single molecule, we are unable to measure or otherwise handle it in the laboratory.
How many molecules are required to create one mole of water?Molecules are created when atoms come together. Two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom make up the three atoms that make up a water molecule. Because of this, water is occasionally abbreviated as H2O. There are billions of water molecules in a single drop of liquid.
Can one have clean water?Despite being the most prevalent substance on earth, water is rarely encountered in its purest form in nature. Usually, pure water needs to be produced. Distilled water or deionized water are two names for pure water. In distilled water, evaporation has evaporated away every dissolved ingredient that was previously present in the water.
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an eagle is flying due east at 10 m/s carrying a gopher in its talons. the gopher manages to break free at a height of 20 m. what is the magnitude of the gopher's velocity as it reaches the ground?
The magnitude of gopher's velocity as it reaches the ground is 22.18 m/s.
Given that, velocity of the eagle u = 10 m/s
Height x = 20 m
From one of the equations of motion, we know, v² - u² = 2 * a * s
Here, s is the height (x)
u is the initial velocity
a is the acceleration due to gravity
v is the velocity of the gopher as it reaches the ground
v² = u² + 2 a * x
v = √(u² + 2 a * x)
v = √( 10² + 2 * 9.8 * 20) = 22.18 m/s
Thus, the velocity of the gopher as it reaches the ground is 22.18 m/s.
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a car traveling at 80 feet/sec decelerates at a constant rate so that it comes to a complete stop after 30 seconds. how far does the car travel in that time?
19.15 feet is the distance the car travel in that time when a car traveling at 80 feet/sec decelerates at a constant rate so that it comes to a complete stop after 30 seconds.
What is deceleration ?Deceleration is described as a reduction in speed as the body advances away from the beginning position.The opposite term of acceleration is defined as deceleration. It is written as. Also negative acceleration is another name for deceleration.Solution:To find the constant deceleration rate we use a = Δv/Δt.
a=80feet/sec/30s
a=-2.66 m/s^2
now to find the distance travelled
s = 80*-2.66 *30^2 =19.15 feet (where s= distance)
Hence,19.15 feet is the distance the car travel in that time when a car traveling at 80 feet/sec decelerates at a constant rate so that it comes to a complete stop after 30 seconds.
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Asking again because I could not include the graph before
PLEASE include an explanation of some sort:
1: A 75.0 kg astronaut is training for accelerations that he will experience upon reentry. He is placed in a centrifuge (r = 20.0 m) and spun at a constant angular velocity of 15.0 rpm (revolutions per minute). He is then slowed and brought to a stop in 2.0 minutes.
(1a) Find the magnitude and direction of the centripetal acceleration and force when he is spinning at constant angular velocity.
(2a) How many g’s is the astronaut experiencing when moving at constant angular velocity?
(3a) Find the torque that is needed to bring the centrifuge to a stop knowing the centrifuge has a mass of 5500.0 kg (ignore all other forces) and the force is applied at the edge of the centrifuge (20.0 m radius). Hint: torque is based on the change of linear velocity.
2: An astronaut lands on an alien planet. He places a pendulum (L = 0.200 m) on the surface and sets it in simple harmonic motion, as shown in this graph.(graph is in attached image)
(2a) What is the period and frequency of the pendulum’s motion?
(2b) How many seconds out of phase with the displacements shown would graphs of the velocity and acceleration be?
(2c) What is the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the planet in m/s2? Determine the number of g-forces.
Answer:He is placed in a centrifuge (r = 20.0 m) and spun at a constant angular velocity of 15.0 rpm ... He is then slowed and brought to a stop in 2.0 minutes. a.
Explanation:Gravity is the force that pulls an object towards the center of the earth. The value of the acceleration due to the gravity on earth is 9.8 m/s2. g = GM/r2 is the equation used to calculate acceleration due to gravity.
Why are graphs helpful for displaying data?
OA. They do not use numerical information.
B. They are the only way to display data..
C. They are easier to make than tables.
D. They help you identify patterns in the data.
The graphs are helpful for displaying data because they help you identify patterns in the data. Option (D) is correct.
What is graph?A graph is a structure that resembles a set of items in discrete mathematics, more specifically in graph theory, in which some pairs of the objects are conceptually "connected." The items are represented by mathematical abstractions known as vertices (sometimes known as nodes or points), and each pair of connected vertices is known as an edge (also called link or line).
A graph is typically shown diagrammatically as a collection of dots or circles representing the vertices and lines or curves representing the edges. One of the topics studied in discrete mathematics is graphs.
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if the radius of the cd below is 6.0 cm and the angular velocity is 5.0 rad/s, what is its angular displacement in 2.0 s? AND linear displacement
Angular displacement: 10 rad.
linear displacement: 60 cm
What is angular velocity?In basic terms, angular velocity is the pace at which an item rotates or circles around an axis in time. "ω" is a Greek letter that stands in for angular velocity. Radians per second is the SI unit for angular velocity since it is expressed as an angle per unit of time.
Given that,
Radius of the CD below is 6.0 cm
Angular velocity is 5.0 rad/s.
As we know, angular displacement, (θ) = ω × t
or, θ = 5.0 rad/s × 2.0 sec
or, θ = 10 rad.
Next, linear displacement, (S) = R × θ
or, S = 6 cm. × 10 rad
or, S = 60 cm
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Scientists observed a species of insect in one location and collected data on the coloration of the individual insects. Many years later, the scientists again collected data on the coloration of the same species in the same location. They noticed a change in the color of the insects, as shown in the graph.
What could explain the change in the insects' coloration over time?
The change in the insects' coloration over time can be explained by evolution of insect body coloration under changing climates.
What is evolution of insect body coloration under changing climates?In studies on colour variety, its evolutionary causes, and the mechanical underpinnings of such variation, insects have served as important models. Recent research suggests that insect colour is adapting to the rapid climatic change. However, because a variety of biotic and abiotic factors can interact and mediate colour change, it is still difficult to determine the causes of colour variation within populations and species, as well as across space and time. Here, we discuss some of the difficulties and most recent developments in this area.
We begin by outlining the main competing theories for how climatic conditions affect insect colour variation.
Second, we examine the evidence that insect colour is now evolving adaptively in response to climate change.
Following this, we address elements that may help or hinder colour evolution in reaction to climate change. Finally, we suggest avenues for future work and identify gaps in this area of study.
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true or false: when we observe the cmb light we are seeing back in time (farther away) than quasars -- the farthest galaxies we can see.
The statement "when we observe the CMB light we are seeing back in time (farther away) than quasars -- the farthest galaxies we can see" is true.
What is the CMB light?The Cosmic Microwаve Bаckground, or CMB, is rаdiаtion thаt fills the universe аnd cаn be detected in every direction. The furthest light we cаn see is the CMB, which is the light left over from the Big Bаng, forming аt just 380,000 yeаrs аfter our cosmic birth.
The CMB light is the furthest back in time that we have seen, and we cannot see light from earlier times because that light was scattered and the universe was opaque. So, CMB cаrries informаtion аbout the very eаrly universe.
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Find the x coordinate xcm of the center of mass of the system. Express your answer in terms of m1 , m2 , x1 , and x2
The position of center of mass will be x = (x₁m₁ + x₂m₂) / m₁ + m₂
The center of gravity of a body or system of particles is defined as the point at which the entire mass of the body or all the masses of the system of particles appeared to be concentrated.
In physics, we can say that the center of mass is the point at the center of the distribution of mass in space (also known as the equilibrium point) where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero.
Simply put, the center of gravity is the position that is relative to the object. We can say that it is the average position of all parts of the system or it is the mean location of the mass distribution in space. It is the point where a force is usually applied that results in linear acceleration without any angular acceleration.Mathematically, COM is (x₁m₁ + x₂m₂) / m₁ + m₂where, x₁ and x₂ are the positions of the objects and m₁ + m₂ are the masses of the objects respectively.
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a -kilogram block of each of these materials is pulled horizontally across a steel floor at constant velocity. which block requires the smallest applied force to keep it moving at constant velocity?
The block requires the smallest applied force to keep it moving at constant velocity is copper = 0.36. Hence option c is correct.
What is velocity?Velocity is defined as the speed of change in the object's position relative to time and a frame of reference. A specification of a thing's speed and direction of motion is what velocity is.
The force of friction and the applied (horizontal) force must be different for an object to accelerate or decelerate, and they must be equal for it to move at a constant speed.
Thus, the block requires the smallest applied force to keep it moving at constant velocity is copper = 0.36. Hence option c is correct.
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Your question is incomplete, but probably your complete question was
A 10 kilogram block of each of these materials is pulled horizontally across a steel floor at a constant velocity. Which block requires the smallest applied force to keep it moving at a constant velocity?
Al = 0.47
brass= 0.44
copper = 0.36
steel = 0.57
assuming a flat surface with no air resistance, if a projectile is fired at an angle of 30 degrees with an initial velocity of 20 m/s, what will be the distance the object travels before hitting the ground?
Answer:
20.41m
Explanation:
v1=20 m/s
30°
-assuming flat ground and no friction forces acting-
[tex]vf^{2}[/tex][tex]=vi^{2} +2a[/tex]Δx ⇒ Δx[tex]= vf^{2} -vi^{2} /2a[/tex]
[tex]0^{2} -20^{2} /2(-9.8)[/tex]
[tex]400/19.6[/tex]
[tex]=20.408[/tex]⇒[tex]20.41 m[/tex]
An inclined plane has an angle of inclination of 20 degrees from the horizontal. What time will it take for a cart to travel 1.5 m across the inclined plane if it starts from rest at the top of said inclined plane. Assume the system is frictionless.
The time taken to travel 1.5 m across the inclined plane if it starts from rest at the top be 0.95second.
What is inclined plane?An inclined plane, sometimes referred to as a ramp, is a flat supporting surface that is tilted at an angle and used to help raise or lower a weight with one end higher than the other.
One of the six traditional simple devices that Renaissance scientists defined is the inclined plane. Heavy weights are transported over vertical obstacles using inclined planes. Examples include a ramp used to load cargo onto a truck, a pedestrian ascending a ramp, an automobile ascending a grade, and a train ascending a gradient.
Given that:
angle of inclination = 20°.
Length of the inclined plane = 1.5 m.
Acceleration along the inclined plane = g sin20° =
Hence, time taken to travel 1.5 m across the inclined plane if it starts from rest at the top = √(2l/gsinθ = √(2×1.5/9.8sin20°) second = 0.95second.
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what is the intensity of a 4.5 mw laser pointer beam with a diameter of 2 mm? (these are typical characteristics of inexpensive laser pointers.)
The intensity reflects 95% of the critical reading scores is 430 t 230.
What is intensity?
intensity is the period of time between two points.
As per the given scenario
95% confidence intervals
(Mu - 6.7-Mu+6.7)
(430-115×2 , 430+115×2)
By adding or substracting
( 430-230, 430+230)
So interval (430±230)
Thus,
The interval= 430±230.
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hydrogen gas was collected in a burette in a water bath with a water height difference of 15.0 cm. please calculate the pressure in the burette if the atmospheric pressure in the room at that time was 765.0 torr.
The pressure in the burette if the atmospheric pressure in the room at that time was 765.0 torr is 915 torr
How can I tell how much pressure is in the burette?The following formula can be used to determine the pressure inside the burette:
Gas pressure = atmospheric pressure + height-related pressure
We can calculate the pressure in the burette using the formula above. Below is an example to help:
Pressure due to height = 15 cmHg = 150 mmHg = 150 torr
Atmospheric pressure = 765.0 torr
Pressure in burette =?
Pressure in burette = Atmospheric presure + pressure due to height
Burette pressure = 765.0 +150
Burette pressure= 915 torr.
Consequently, burette's pressure is 915 torr.
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A roof has a surface area of 20000cm². If the atmospheric pressure exerted on the roof is 100000Pa, determine the force on it.(Take g=10N/kg)
The force on the roof that has a surface area of 20000cm² with 100000Pa of pressure exerted is 5N.
How to calculate force?Pressure is the amount of force that is applied over a given area divided by the size of this area.
The pressure of a substance can be calculated by using the following formula:
Pressure = Force × area
According to this question, a roof has a surface area of 20000cm². If the atmospheric pressure exerted on the roof is 100000Pa, the amount of force on the roof can be calculated as follows:
100000Pa = Force × 20,000cm²
20000F = 100000
F = 100,000 ÷ 20,000
F = 5N
Therefore, 5N is the force acting on the roof.
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which set of star-position measurements is most likely to show the largest parallax shift for nearby stars?
The set or star-position measurements taken six months apart is most likely to reveal the highest parallax change for close stars.
What are the basic measurements?The basic units of length & distance measurements inside the English system are the inch, yard, yard, and mile. Other length measurements include a rod, furlong, and chain.
What are the top three measurement units?The three most common fundamental units in the metric system are the meter, gram, and liter. A liter is a unit in volume equal in 3.28 meters, the meter is a length measurement equal to 3.28 feet, and the gram is just an unit of matter equal to approximately 0.0022 pounds (or about the mass of the a paper clip).
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A object of mass M1 travels in a circular path of radius R on a horizontal table. The object is attached to a string that passes through a hole in the center of the table. An object of mass M2 is attached to the other end of the strings and hangs vertically under the table, which produces a force on M1. All frictional forces are considered to be negligible. Which quantity or quantities must be measured to be determined the tangential speed required to keep the system in equilibrium
Only gravity acceleration is needed.
If we let gravity be g
I will rename M1 as M₁ for the first mass
I will rename M2 as M₂ to further reduce the possible confusion of a subscript with a multiplicand.
What is tension?The tension in the string will support the weight of M₂ and will supply the centripetal force required to keep M₁ on a circular path:
M₁v²/R = M₂g
v = √(M₂gR/M₁)
A object of mass M1 travels in a circular path of radius R on a horizontal table. The object is attached to a string that passes through a hole in the center of the table. An object of mass M2 is attached to the other end of the strings and hangs vertically under the table, which produces a force on M1. All frictional forces are considered to be negligible.
Therefore, Only gravity acceleration is needed.
If we let gravity be g
I will rename M1 as M₁ for the first mass
I will rename M2 as M₂ to further reduce the possible confusion of a subscript with a multiplicand.
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at time t=0, a projectile is launched from the top of a cliff at an angle of 30 degrees below the horizontal. Which of the following pairs of graphs best represents the horizontal displacement triangle x and the vertical velocity component Vvert of the projectile as a function of time t?
Answer:
At time t=0 , Projectile is launched from the top of cliff an angle of 30
Explanation:
45-443tx=332
A 150g baseball rolls with exact same velocity as a 300 g soccer ball, how much more momentum does the soccer ball have?
Answer:
The momentum of the soccer ball will be twice that of the baseball.
Explanation:
If an object of mass [tex]m[/tex] travels with a velocity of [tex]v[/tex], the momentum [tex]p[/tex] of that object will be [tex]p = m\, v[/tex]. Thus, if velocity is fixed, momentum will be portional to the mass of the object.
The mass of the soccer ball is twice that of the baseball: [tex](300 / 150) = 2[/tex]. Thus, when moving at the same velocity, momentum of the soccer ball will be twice that of the baseball.
A weightlifter lifts up a bar and weights of mass of 200 kg so that the bar is a height of
2.0 m above the ground. The radius of the largest disc on the bar is 20 cm. What is the gain
in PE when the weights are lifted?
Answer:
3924 Joules
Explanation:
Potential Energy is calculated with the formula:
PE = mgh
From the problem m=200kg and h=2m so the gain in PE when the weights are lifted is 200*(9.81)*2 = 3924 J
A net force of 0.5 N is applied to an object causing it to accelerate at a rate of 0.25m/s^2 [w] what must be the mass of the object
Answer:
2kg
Explanation:
F= ma
F = 0.5N and a = 0.25m/s²
m = F/a
= 0.5/ 0.25
= 2kg
At a distance of 6 meters, a person with average vision is able to clearly read letters 1.0 cm high.
Approximately how large do the letters appear on the retina? (Assume that the retina is 1.7 cm from the lens.)
Ratio of distances of image and object respectively = ratios of heights of image and objects respectively
This implies
(1.7/600) = (x/1) ........ ( X is largeness of letter on retina)
x= 0.002833333 cm
What is retina?
The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of eye tissue in most vertebrates and some mollusks. The optics of the eye create a focused two-dimensional image of the visual world on the retina. The retina processes that image within the retina, sending nerve impulses along the optic nerve to the visual cortex to produce vision. The retina functions in many ways similar to the film and image sensors in cameras.
The neural retina consists of several layers of neurons connected by synapses and supported by an outer layer of pigment epithelial cells. The main light-sensitive cells in the retina are photoreceptor cells, of which there are two types: rods and cones. Rods work primarily in low light and provide monochromatic vision. Cones function in bright environments, use different opsins to perceive color, and are responsible for sharp vision used for tasks such as reading. A third type of photosensitive cell, the photosensitive ganglion cell, is important in entrainment of circadian rhythms and reflex responses such as the pupillary light reflex.
Therefore, x= 0.002833333 cm
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