Saliva in the mouth changes starch into maltose.
Saliva is capable of breaking down starch into less complex sugars such as maltose and dextrin. In maltose two glucose molecules are linked together to form this structure.
Saliva consists of many enzymes, that have ability of breaking down complex sugars like starch into simpler sugars(glucose). Saliva also have an enzyme named amylase which can break starch down into smaller sugars, such as disaccharides. Amylases is responsible for digesting starch into smaller molecules, that yield maltose, which in turn is break into two glucose molecules by maltase.
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Dna replication relies on the blank______ of dna strands according to the blank______ rule.
The blank AT/GC rule states that blank complementarity between DNA strands is necessary for DNA replication.
How does the base pair rule in DNA replication function?Chargaff's Rule states that during the replication process, all replication must match complementary purines, pyrimidines, or nitrogenous bases. DNA always couples adenine and thymine together, but cytosine always couples with guanine.
What rules for DNA base pairing are relevant?According to the base pairing rule, guanine always joins with cytosine, whereas adenine always unites with thymine. They keep the two strands of DNA connected, but they are too weak to undergo replication.
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tamoxifen is a drug that is used to treat breast cancer. it inhibits the activities of theestrogen receptor in breast epithelial cells, which are the cells that are relevant to breast cancer. one of the concerns that scientists had during the development of tamoxifen as a therapy for breast cancer was that other cell types require estrogen signaling for their function. for example, it is known that cells in bone tissue require estrogen signaling. as a result, there was a concern that use of tamoxifen would lead to bone loss in patients. in reality, however, researchers were surprised to find that tamoxifen actually led to an increase in bone density in breast cancer patients. at the same time, tamoxifen did inhibit the activity of the estrogen receptor in breast epithelial cells in these patients. what is the best explanation for this finding?
Tamoxifen is a hormone inhibitor that works by preventing the body from producing estrogen, a hormone that premenopausal and postmenopausal women have in their bodies.
Tamoxifen competes with other chemicals to bind to the estrogen receptor protein's active site, making it a competitive inhibitor. It thus inhibits the release of estrogen. You went on to say that the process is irreversible because when tamoxifen attaches to the receptor, the protein is irreversibly eliminated.
Tamoxifen is a member of the medication group known as selective estrogen receptor modulators. It generally works by preventing estrogen's effects on breast tissue, which can lead to breast cancer or worsen cases where cancer has already started. Tamoxifen is administered to stop the growth of cancer cells.
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The trend for women to delay childbirth until their late 20s or early 30s has ___________ while the peak years for female fertility are ____________.
The trend for women to delay childbirth until their late 20s or early 30s has continued while the peak years for female fertility are late adolescence and early adulthood.
Female fertility refers to a woman's ability to bear biological children. Female fertility is affected by age and is a major factor in female fertility. Fertility in women peaks between her late teens and late twenties, after which it gradually declines. Ovulation typically occurs 14 days before the start of the next menstrual period in a 28-day menstrual cycle.
The reproductive years of a woman are between her late teens and late twenties. Fertility (the ability to become pregnant) begins to decline around the age of 30. This decline accelerates once you reach your mid-30s. By the age of 45, fertility has declined to the point where most women will be unable to conceive naturally.
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I lied lol... I'll add more points for these 2 :)
Answer:
1st Picture B, The air cools until it reaches the dewpoint.
2nd picture is, B. The air temperature is closer to the dewpoint, making cloud formation more likely.
Explanation: Hope this helps!
Eukaryotic chromosomes tend to be much larger than prokaryotic chromosomes. In order to package these large chromosomes into the nucleus, which family of proteins are used by the cell?(1 point).
In order to package these large chromosomes into the nucleus Histone proteins is used by the cell .
Eukaryotic chromosomes are places inside the nucleus, whereas prokaryotic chromosomes are inside the nucleoid. Eukaryotic cells looks larger than prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells have a nuclear membrane and membrane bound organelles.
Eukaryotic cells are bigger in size than that of prokaryotic cells because of the compartment structure. Eukaryotic cells contain different membrane-bound structures termed as organelles, that carries out different functions within the cell.
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what is the function of the radius?
-Science
armed with the information that chromatin coated beads can generate mitotic spindles in xenopus egg extracts, you decide to try to generate spindles using beads coated with proteins instead
Armed with the information that chromatin coated beads can generate mitotic spindles in xenopus egg extracts, to try to generate spindles using beads coated with proteins instead beads coated with active ran .
The mitotic spindle is a structure that bureaucracy at some stage in mobile department and separates duplicated chromosomes. In eukaryotic cells, the mitotic equipment consists of centrosomes and spindle microtubules (discern 43.nine). The centrosome is 1–2 μm in diameter.
The mitotic spindles migrate to contrary poles of the elongated mobile to help chromosomes align on the valuable equator of the cell, known as the metaphase plate. in the end, these mitotic spindle fibers move backward and forward and shorten to assist the duplicated chromosomes separate and migrate to the opposite poles.
The spindle formation begins during the prophase. at some stage in the prophase, the movement of centromeres closer to the two ends effects in the formation of tube-like systems referred to as the spindle fibers. these get assembled among the centromeres and the poles.
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Plasmids often have antibiotic resistance genes. How do scientists take advantage of the antibiotic resistance genes in the lab?.
Scientists take the advantage of plasmids having antibiotic resistance gene by using them as a vectors to clone, transfer and manipulate genes and also detecting the growth of such plasmids in selective media.
Plasmids are the extrachromosomal DNA present in bacterial cells. These are circular double stranded DNA molecules that can replicate on their own. Plasmids are known to exist in some archaea and eukaryotes as well. Usually consisting of DNA, some species are known to contain RNA as genetic material as well.
Vectors in laboratories are the agents that are used to transfer the gene of interest into the desired host cell. Vectors can be of two types: cloning vectors and expression vectors.
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What kind of nutrient should be consumed the night before or several hours before aerobic activity? Why?
No links or files! I will report!
The kind of nutrient that should be consumed the night before or several hours before the aerobic activity is complex carbohydrates.
What are complex carbohydrates?Complex carbohydrates are a special class of carbohydrate molecule that is generated by the union of simple carbohydrates through glycosidic bonds, which include for example starch and serves as long term storage of energy for aerobic exercise.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the complex carbohydrates must be consumed 2 o 3 hours before aerobic activity because this type of nutrient functions as a storage of energy.
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Can someone find all of the amino acid structures in the chain pictured at the top right please this is urgent.
The amino acids present in the peptide structure are:
leucinecysteinetyrosine, andglutamic acidWhat are amino acids?Amino acids are organic compounds that form the building blocks of the macromolecular structures called proteins.
Amino acids are liked to each other by peptide bonds to form the primary structure of proteins.
Peptide bonds are formed between the carboxy-terminal of one amino acid and the N-terminal of another amino acid. A water molecule is removed when peptide bonds are formed between two amino acids.
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the major cation in extracellular fluid is
Answer:
Sodium is the major cation found in intracellular fluid.
a botanist hypothesizes that as flowers evolved tubular corollas, their nectar attracted a particular species of long-tongued fly that became their only insect pollinator. for this hypothesis to be reasonable, what issue should the botanist address?
One who researches 'botany' is called a 'botanist'. Botany is one of the world's oldest natural sciences. initially, Botany protected all plant-like organisms inclusive of algae, lichens, ferns, fungi, and mosses in conjunction with actual flowers.
Darwin understood the centrality of development in a deep and profoundly vital manner, both for animals and for flora. His notebooks document his cautious studying and interest in animal embryology and plant leaf and floral organ morphogenesis.
Butterfly-pollinated plants usually have pretty flashy flowers in hues like crimson and purple. these plants do not have the quantity of pollen that bee-attracting flowers do, however they've huge components of nectar to feed the butterflies.
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The ph of the inner thylakoid space, the stroma, and the cytosol of a particular plant cell has been measured. Which, if any, relationship would you expect to find?.
The relation between the ph of the thykakoid and the stroma is that the ph of thylakoid is lower than that of the stroma.
The ph of the thylakoid membrane is 8 under normal circumstances, but during photosynthesis it became extremely acidic, like 4. During the light reaction of photosynthesis, the electron transport chain uses the energy supplied by excited electrons to pump H+ ions from the stroma to the lumen of the thylakoid membrane. Both the stroma and the thylakoid membranes contain H+ ions. This proves that the ph of lumen of the thykakoid membrane is lower than the stroma.
We are aware that lumen has a large concentration of H+ ions and that the pH will be lower the more H+ ions there are. While plants often maintain an acidic pH in the stroma to increase the concentration and potential difference of H+ ions for ATP synthesis.
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A new organism has been discovered! It was discovered inside a chicken's intestines, in Washington
state! In examining the organism under a microscope, scientists found that it is a single-celled organism that
consumes tiny bacteria. Upon studying it further, scientists also observed that this organism does not have a
nucleus.
These scientists are working to classify this organism. What Kingdom would you recommend they classify this
organism into and why?
Answer: Bacteria because its single celled and it can only be seen through a microscope
Explanation: that's all i know
Which amino acid chain will be formed by the codons shown below?
Answer:
I will tell you when i know
Explanation:
In cross section, the __________ matter of the spinal cord looks like a butterfly or the letter h.
In cross section, the gray matter of the spinal cord looks like a butterfly or the letter H.
Gray matter is the outermost layer of the brain and spinal cord that comprises of unmyelinated neurons and some other cells of the nervous system. The function of gray matter is in processing information. It also enables individuals to control movement, memory, and emotions.
Spinal cord is the backbone of the vertebrate organisms. In humans, it is composed of 5 types of bones that extend from the base of the brain to the hip region. The 5 types of bones are cervical spine (C1-C7), thoracic spine (T1-T12), lumbar spine (L1-L5), sacral spine (S1-S5), and a tail bone, that make up a total of 33 bones.
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Which of the following substances has been banned as an ergogenic ald by a national athletic association in the United States? Check all that apply Check Al That Apply A. Anabolic steroids B. Growth hormone C. Branched-chain amino acids D. Creatine E. Beetroot juice
Anabolic steroids substances has been banned as an ergogenic ald by a national athletic association in the United States.
What are anabolic steroids?
Anabolic steroids are class C medications that require a prescription and can only be distributed by pharmacists.
Having anabolic steroids for personal use is acceptable. As long as it's done in person, they can also be imported or exported. Therefore, they cannot be sent over the mail or delivered by a courier or freight company.
If you're suspected of distributing or selling anabolic steroids, it's against the law to possess, import, or export them. They can also be given to friends. The punishment is an infinite fine or potentially a 14-year prison term.
Therefore, Anabolic steroids substances has been banned as an ergogenic ald by a national athletic association in the United States.
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An organism’s traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited _____.
The precise mix of inherited genes determines the particular trait of an organism.
What factors determine an organism's characteristics?Traits may be influenced by genes, the environment, or a mixture of the two. Eye colour is an example of a qualitative feature that may also be quantified (such as height or blood pressure). A specific attribute is part of an individual's overall phenotype.
What characteristics of organisms are influenced by a certain inheritance pattern?The genotype of an organism within a single organism is the particular set of alleles for that gene, and (as was already mentioned) the physical characteristic linked to that genotype is referred to as the organism's phenotype.
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Describe what happens in anaphase, include a picture of the process.
Anaphase is the third stage of Mitosis or cell division (karyokinesis). During this phase, the sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled together opposite ends for the formation of daughter nuclei.
What is Anaphase?
During the cell cycle, the actual cell division takes places in the M-phase. This M-phase is called Mitotic or Meiotic phase. Cell division occurs in cell by two processes which are Mitosis and Meiosis.
Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis, during this process the separation of the duplicated genetic material is carried out in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells.
In anaphase stage, the sister chromatids separate out from each other and are pulled towards opposite ends of the parent cell. The protein which holds together the sister chromatids is broken down, this allows them to separate from each other. Each chromatid is now converted into chromosome. The chromosomes of each pair are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell to form the new duaghter cells.
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The fact that genetic codon is universal indicates that all living organisms are.
The fact that genetic codon is universal indicates that all living organisms are : evolutionarily related.
What do you mean by genetic codons is universal?The genetic code is universal because all known living organisms use the same genetic code. This clearly shows that all organisms share a common evolutionary history and genetic code is unambiguous.
Genetic code consists of sequence of bases in DNA or RNA. Groups of three bases form codons where each codon stands for one amino acid.
The universal triple-nucleotide genetic code that allows DNA-encoded mRNA to be translated into amino acid sequences of proteins using tRNA and many modification factors, that is essentially common to all living organisms on Earth.
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When mutated cells ignore checkpoints, they reproduce uncontrollably, forming tumors. During which stage of the cell cycle does the cell divide into two cells?(1 point).
During the cell cycle's M stage (mitosis), a divides into two identical new cells.
What is tumors ?When aberrant cells congregate, a solid material of tissue called a tumor is created. Tumors can affect the bone, epidermis, tissue, organs, and glands. Whenever cells in the organ divide and enlarge excessively, tumors frequently form. The body typically controls how quickly cells grow and divide. New cells either take the place of older ones or perform new roles. To make way for healthy cells, damaged or extra cells die. New cells replace those that are lost as a result of aging or damage. This methodical procedure occasionally goes wrong, allowing damaged or abnormal cells to proliferate while they shouldn't. These cells have the ability to develop into tumours, which are tissue lumps. Malignant tumors could or might not exist (benign).
What are the types of tumors and its causes ?Various tumor types Cancerous: Tumors that are malignant or cancerous have the potential to spread to adjacent tissue, glands, and other bodily components. Benign tumors are also not malignant, rarely pose a life-threatening threat, and Precancerous: If left untreated, these benign tumors may develop into malignant ones. Tumor causes include: Benzene and other hazardous substances, overindulging in booze Environmental poisons include things like toxic mushrooms and a type of fungus called aflatoxins that can develop on peanuts. Radiation exposure, viruses, obesity, genetic issues, and too much sun exposure.
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The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the ______.
a. osteoclast
b. osteoblast
c. chondrocyte
d. osteocyte
e. chondroblast
Answer: Osteoblasts B is the correct answer
Explanation:
Osteoblasts are the bone cells that are primarily responsible for synthesizing bone matrix proteins and minerals during early bone formation in the embryo
which statement about coenzymes is false? some enzymes require a coenzyme to carry out their function or activity. a coenzyme attaches to the enzyme to form an active complex. coenzymes are a part of the enzyme structure. all b vitamins function as coenzymes.
Coenzymes are a part of the enzyme structure is the false statement here
A coenzyme is defined as an organic molecule that binds to the active site of a specific enzyme and helps catalyze a reaction. In particular, coenzymes can act as electron carriers in these reactions or transfer between enzymes as functional groups. Coenzymes are organic compounds necessary for the catalytic activity of many enzymes. They are the often vitamins or the derivatives of vitamins. It can act as a catalyst without an enzyme, but it is not as effective as when combined with an enzyme. Examples of the coenzymes: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD), the Nicotinamide Adenine the Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADP) and the Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)
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what combination do big agricultural farms want to produce alot of crops without having to manually remove weeds? what combination do big agricultural farms want to produce alot of crops without having to manually remove weeds? weeds that are resistant to glyphosphate and crops that are not resistant.
Big agricultural farms want to produce a lot of crops without having to manually remove weeds by using the combination of "weeds that are resistant to glyphosphate and crops that are not resistant."
What is agriculture?Agriculture, sometimes known as farming, is the cultivation of plants and cattle. Agriculture was an important step in the growth of sedentary human civilization, since it produced food surpluses that allowed people to live in cities. Agriculture has been around for thousands of years. Agriculture is classified into four types: shifting cultivation, subsistence farming, pastoralism, and intensive farming. Agriculture is the practice of cultivating soil, growing crops, and rearing livestock. It entails preparing plant and animal items for human use and distributing them to marketplaces.
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The greater the temperature difference between two temperature reservoirs, the more ________ can be done.
The greater the temperature difference between two temperature reservoirs, the more the greater the efficiency can be done.
A thermal reservoir, also thermal power reservoir or thermal bath, is a thermodynamic machine with a heat ability so large that the temperature of the reservoir modifications fantastically little while a far greater massive quantity of heat is brought or extracted.
In actual thermodynamic structures, expansive bodies of water which include oceans, lakes or rivers are taken into consideration thermal strength reservoirs because of their huge masses and high warmness capacities. The environment is also considered a thermal power reservoir.
Temperature is one of the thermodynamic houses of fluids that determines the kingdom of hotness or coldness of it. Temperature is measured in both Kelvin or Celsius or Fahrenheit. Kelvin is the most commonplace one that is used because of its independence from the houses of the substance.
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You are studying a drug that blocks translation in bacteria. You want to know more about its mechanism of action. You treat bacteria with the drug and isolate mrnas with their associated proteins from the treated bacteria. In bacteria treated with the drug, you find that small ribosomal subunits are bound to the mrnas, but not the large subunits. In which stage does this drug arrest translation?.
In bacteria treated with the drug, you find that small ribosomal subunits are bound to the mRNAs, but not the large subunits. This drug arrest translation in the termination stage.
The natural compound Blasticidin S, which acts on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and inhibits both peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis and to a lesser extent peptide bond formation, is the only known small molecule inhibitor that impacts termination.
However, this medication binds to the ribosomal 50S subunit at a place shared with several other antibiotics and functions primarily as a PTC inhibitor that has been demonstrated to deform the CCA end of the P-site tRNA8. Therefore, interference is its way of action.
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escribe what happens during gene mutation
A newly developed insecticide compound steals high-energy electrons from fadh2 and nadh before they can bind to the electron transport chain. Why does this kill insects?.
A newly developed insecticide compound steals high-energy electrons from fadh2 and NADH before they can bind to the electron transport chain. Fermentation pathways will be switched on, supplying insufficient ATP to maintain the insect.
They encompass such chemical substances as hydrogen cyanide, naphthalene, nicotine, and methyl bromide and are used in particular for insect pests of stored products or for fumigating nursery inventory.
Insecticides are chemicals used to bugs. a few insecticides also are to human beings. Many pesticides can purpose poisoning after being swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed thru the pores and skin. signs can also encompass eye tearing, coughing, heart problems, and breathing difficulties.
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A life cycle in which the only multicellular form is haploid is most typical of __________.
A life cycle in which the only multicellular form is haploid is most typical of Fungi.
Many fungi have life structure in which the multicellular body of the organism is haploid. The process of sexual reproduction, specialized haploid cells from a diploid zygote.
life cycle of fungi are considered to have many stages .They have four-stage life cycle spore, germ, hypha, mature mycelium. Plants mostly have multicellular haploid and multicellular diploid stages of life cycle . Fertilization is responsible for multicellular diploid sporophyte, that produces haploid spores via meiosis.
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Which environmental agency found itself under investigation after it
was discovered that it was making mutually beneficial agreements
with environmental polluters?
A-Environmental Protection Agency
B-U.S. Department of Agriculture
C-World Wildlife Fund
Environmental Protection Agency- found itself under investigation after it was discovered that it was making mutually beneficial agreements with environmental polluters.
What is Environmental Protection Agency?
President Richard Nixon issued an executive order in December 1970 creating the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The goal of this federal government organisation is to safeguard both human and environmental health. The EPA, which has its main office in Washington, D.C., is in charge of developing laws and standards that advance both public and environmental health.
Cosian bargaining theorem applies to EPA. The theorem states that polluter and victim can reach a mutually beneficial bargain if the damage from pollution is higher than the polluter’s net return from the sale of the good generating the pollutants.
Hence the correct option is A; Environmental Protection Agency
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