During inclusion of the expanding polypeptide chain into the ER, a signal sequence at the amino (N) terminus of secretory proteins—which targets them to the ER—is eliminated.
What is structure of gene ?The N-terminus of several proteins contains signal sequences that help those proteins discover their proper place outside the cell membrane. For passage through the cell membrane and out of the cell, the protein is marked with a signal sequence.
The "N-terminus" or "amino terminus" refers to the chain's free amine end, while the "C-terminus" or "carboxyl terminus" refers to the chain's free carboxylic acid end. These two protein termini are chemically distinct from one another, therefore it makes sense that they would have various chemical properties.Learn more about Gene here:
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Whats the average size of a plant cell? in centimeters
Answer:
10^-6 cm i believe
Explanation:
99% of all marine species can be found in the ____.
What is the answer?
Answer:
I would assume in the water or ocean since marine means they live in the water
In a species of beetles, males that have large horns are better able to fight off other males for access to females. This is an example of _______ selection.
Answer:
In a species of beetles, males that have large horns are better able to fight off other males for access to females. This is an example of intrasexual selection.
Explanation:
Intrasexual selection can refer to the act of competing with members of one's own sex (for status, tangible resources, or directly for access to mates) as well as the evolutionary process that shapes the traits employed in this competition.
What is coral bleaching and what causes coral bleaching?
Corals will eject the algae (zooxanthellae) dwelling in their tissues if the water is too warm, which will turn the coral entirely white. The term for this is coral bleaching.
What is coral bleaching?
Corals release the microscopic algae that reside in their tissues when they are under stress. Coral tissues become transparent in the absence of these algae, revealing their white skeleton. The term for this is coral bleaching. While bleached corals are not actually dead, they are more vulnerable to famine and illness.Why do coral reefs bleach?
When corals are under stress, bleaching happens. Summer heat stress brought on by hotter water and more UV rays is a major factor in coral bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef. Bleaching can be caused by a temperature increase of merely one degree Celsius for four weeks.Corals start to hunger when their food source—the zooxanthellae—is taken away. Corals start to perish if elevated water temperatures remain for a long time (eight weeks or more).Hence, UV radiations are the major cause for coral bleaching.
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Mutalistic microorganisms in the gut are the most critical for the mammals that consume.
Mutualistic microorganisms in the gut are the most critical for the mammals that consume dairy and lactose containing foods.
Mutualistic microorganisms are those that live in the body of an organism and provide some kind of benefit to that organism. In return the organism provides the microorganism with shelter and food. For example, E. coli is the gut bacteria that helps in digestion of lactose in mammals.
Lactose is a carbohydrate. It is specifically a disaccharide formed through a bond between galactose and glucose subunits. It is found in milk and milk-related products such as cheese, cream, etc. Lactose is essential for the absorption of a few minerals like magnesium and zinc.
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Which of the following describes an organism under stress?
They expend more energy to maintain homeostasis.
They use less energy for homeostasis and instead use it for reproduction.
They will not reproduce at all.
Fewer of their offspring will survive.
In the __________, Light Energy is converted to ___________
Answer:
In the plant/photosynthesis, Light Energy is converted to Chemical Energy.
Explanation:
Answer: In the plant light energy is converted to chemical energy
In what ways have Robert Hooke contributed to a wider understanding of life?
Answer:
He contributed to the discovery of cells while looking at a thin slice of cork. He then thought that cells only exist in plants and fungi. In 1665, he published Micrographia.
Explanation:
feed conversion ratio, defined as pounds of feed consumed per pounds of animal growth, is the lowest for:
Feed conversion ratio, defined as the feed consumed per pounds of animal growth, is the lowest when feed efficiency is lower then 2.
Feed conversion efficiency is simple calculation where total weight of feed is divided by the net production.
Feed Conversion Ratios are most important as they tells the farmer how much amount of feed will be required for growth cycle of animals. A good feed conversion ratio for cattle is between three and a half to four. That indicate for every three and a half pounds of feed, the animal should gain one pound of weight. Anything above four is considered to be very efficient, while anything below three and a half is not less or not considered good.
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Name the irregular ridges of muscle lining the ventricles that are not indirectly to the atrioventricular values.
The trabeculae carnage (columnar carnage, or meaty ridges) are rounded or irregular muscular columns that project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle of the heart.
The inner surface of each ventricle has an irregular surface of ridges and folds called trabeculae carnage. The interventricular septum separates the two ventricles.
Squamous cell nuclei tend to be flat, horizontal, and elliptical, mirroring the form of the cell. The endothelium is the epithelial tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular systems.
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The irregular ridges of muscle lining the ventricles are Trabeculae carnage.
The tricuspid valve is the atrioventricular valve on the right side of the heart. It separates the right atrium and right ventricle. The Purkinje fibers lie beneath the endocardium. They are larger than cardiomyocytes but have fewer myofibrils more glycogen and mitochondria, and no T-tubules.
These cells are connected by desmosomes and gap junctions but not by intercalated discs. The right ventricle is very muscular. In contrast to the right atrium, which is mostly smooth-walled, it has many muscular ridges called trabeculae. The endothelium is the epithelial tissue that lines the blood vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular systems and is composed of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells.
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You are skateboarding at the skate park and you are not wearing your knee guards. You are trying to show
your friends your new skateboard trick and fall off your skateboard, skinning your knee. How would your
body repair this cut?
a. mitosis; the injury would trigger cell division to replace those cells ; results in 2 identical cells
b. mitosis; the injury would trigger cell division to replace those cells; results in 4 identical cells
c. binary fission; the injury would trigger cell division to replace those cells; results in 4 identical cells
d. binary fission; the injury would trigger cell division to replace those cells; results in 2 identical cells
Answer:
a. mitosis; the injury would trigger cell division to replace those cells ; results in 2 identical cells
Explanation:
Mitosis is the cell-creation process that an animal would undergo while healing a cut. It is a division that results in two daughter cells. The answer is not binary fission as that is an asexual reproductive method that occurs most often in simple, single-celled organisms like bacteria. It would not be used in the body during the process of healing a cut. The answer is not that it results in 4 identical cells, as mitosis (which is the process used in healing a cut) can only result in 2 identical daughter cells, not four. 4 resulting cells is characteristic of meiosis, which differs from mitosis as each of the 4 daughter cells created in this process are genetically unique and only contain half as much DNA as the parent cell. With these understandings in mind, you can rule out all options other than A.
How do we obtain energy from plants?
To obtain energy from plants, we must intake the plant items and the sugars of the plants are broken down into further smaller components inside the human body by the process of respiration to gain energy.
Energy is the amongst the most essential requirement of the living body to carry out the various processes of life. Energy may have different chemical form in different organisms but the most prevalent form of energy used is ATP.
Respiration in humans is the process of breaking down the food taken in into smaller parts that can be absorbed by cells in order to create energy. The energy is synthesized by the cell organelle called mitochondria.
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where is the arista found on calliphoridae? group of answer choices on the lateral turgum of the prothorax under the halteres on the antennae (it's part of the antennae) near the base of the wing on the lateral portion of the mesothorax
The arista is found on Calliphoridae : on the antennae. The Calliphoridae are a family of insects in the order Diptera, with 1,900 known species
What is Calliphoridae?Calliphoridae are also called as blowfly. 'Blow' refers to the tendency of this insect group to lay their eggs on the human food, dead animals or animal waste. They arrive quickly after an animal dies especially if breeding occurs.
Common habitats of blow flies include temperate to tropical areas with accessible layers of loose, damp soil and other decaying material where larvae can develop and find nourishment.
Blowflies (Calliphoridae) are characterized by the ability of the larvae to develop in animal flesh.
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difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration is when sugars are converted to ATP when oxygen is present, and aerobic respiration is performed in the cytoplasm and mitochondria.
Anaerobic respiration is when sugars are converted to ATP when no oxygen is present, and anaerobic respiration is only performed in the cytoplasm.
which of the following a change related to the aging of the respiratory system? group of answer choices
An increase in respiration rate is a change related to the aging of the respiratory system.
What is respiration?Respiration is defined in physiology as the transfer of oxygen from the external environment to the cells within tissues and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction, that is, back into the external environment. The biochemical definition of respiration, which refers to a metabolic process through which an organism obtains energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH) by oxidizing nutrients and releasing waste products, differs from the physiological definition. Although cellular respiration and the subsequent maintenance of life in animals depend on physiologic respiration, the two processes are distinct: cellular respiration occurs within individual organism cells, whereas physiologic respiration deals with the diffusion and transport of metabolites between the organism and the external environment.
What is respiratory system?The network of organs and tissues that aids in breathing is known as the respiratory system. It consists of your blood vessels, lungs, and airways. The respiratory system also includes the muscles that propel your lungs. Together, these components help the body circulate oxygen and eliminate waste gases like carbon dioxide.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that an increase in respiration rate is a change related to the aging of the respiratory system.
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Some researchers suggest that ______ molecules were the first information molecules formed on early earth.
Some researchers recommend that RNA molecules had been the first statistics molecules fashioned on early earth.
Most scientists think that RNA got here first because RNA can do jobs save information and perform diverse features that keep cells alive. This idea, that RNA got here first, is known as the RNA world hypothesis.
The RNA world is a hypothetical stage in the evolutionary history of lifestyles on the earth, in which self-replicating RNA molecules proliferated earlier than the evolution of DNA and proteins. The term additionally refers to the speculation that posits the existence of this degree.
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Explain how plants respond to a light source, usually the Sun. What is occurring inside the plant, and what hormone is involved?
Answer:
Plants also exhibit phototropism, or growing toward a light source. This response is controlled by a plant growth hormone called auxin. As shown in Figure below, auxin stimulate s cell s on the dark side of a plant to grow longer. This causes the plant to bend toward the light.
Explanation:
10. Which statement is true?
1.The nitrogen cycle starts with plants.
2.The nitrogen cycle has no beginning or end.
3.The nitrogen cycle ends with animals.
Answer:
1 (?)
Explanation:
How does the nitrogen cycle work? Step 1- Nitrogen Fixation- Special bacteria convert the nitrogen gas (N2 ) to ammonia (NH3) which the plants can use. Step 2- Nitrification- Nitrification is the process that converts the ammonia into nitrite ions which the plants can take in as nutrients.
So even when starting with the first question we know that nitrogen is present in soil BUT the cycle begins during Nitrogen Fixation which plants use.
we also know that the nitrogen cycle has a start-- given I just explained that-- and even though it's continuous there is a point where the cycle repeats and therefore starts again. Knowing it's continuous we also know that when nitrogen 'ends' the cycle simply starts again, and the nitrogen is released back into the air. ("Nitrogen gas [N2] diffuses into the soil from the atmosphere")
In conclusion: 1 is the most probable answer.
what causes the different seasons on earth
Answer:
Earth Tilted Axis
Explanation:
Earth's tilted axis causes the seasons. Throughout the year, different parts of Earth receive the Sun's most direct rays. So, when the North Pole tilts toward the Sun, it's summer in the Northern Hemisphere. And when the South Pole tilts toward the Sun, it's winter in the Northern Hemisphere.
:)
Answer:
The movement of the earth.
Explanation:
"The earth's spin axis is tilted. This is what causes the seasons. When the earth's axis points towards the sun, it is summer for that hemisphere. When the earth's axis points away, winter can be expected."
Because the earth is constantly moving/spinning *although slowly*. Depending on where the earth is tilted or what side the sun is pointing to will decided the seasons; as mentioned if the earth's axis is pointed away winter can be expected in the said hemisphere.
although Hemshpheres are a whole other deal that shouldn't be needed for this question.
A population of beavers has 135 individuals that are homozygous for one allele, 230 that are heterozygous, and 135 that are homozygous for the other allele. Compared with hardy–weinberg expectations, this population has _______ heterozygotes.
There are 20 fewer people in this population than predicted by Hardy-Weinberg. If 20 more heterozygotes were present
What is a heterozygote, for instance?You have a genetic trait for that gene if the two versions differ from one another. For instance, having one gene for red hair or one allele for brown hair could indicate that you are heterozygous for hair color. Which qualities are expressed depends on how the two alleles are related.
Who among the following is heterozygous?A individual who possesses two distinct alleles for each gene is said to be a heterozygote. Genetic disease can affect heterozygotes, however it depends here on illness. A heterozygous person is almost guaranteed to get some forms of hereditary illnesses.
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which of the following is an example of an ecological service provided by forests?
a. Livestock grazing areas
b. Reduction of soil erosion
c. Purification of water and air
d. Reduce atmospheric carbon
Following is an example of an ecological service provided by forests:
b. Reduction of soil erosion
c. Purification of water and air
d. Reduce atmospheric carbon
Ecosystem services are the numerous and diverse advantages that the natural world and healthy ecosystems offer to us. Agroecosystems, forest ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, and aquatic ecosystems are a few examples of these types of ecosystems. These ecosystems provide benefits to human mental and physical health, clean air, the prevention of extreme weather, and the natural pollination of crops. The provision of food, the availability of clean drinking water, the breakdown of wastes, and the resilience and productivity of food ecosystems are all examples of what are collectively known as ecosystem services.
Despite decades of tacit discussion between scientists and environmentalists, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) in the early 2000s popularized this idea.
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which blood gas report most likely reflects the acid-base balance of an infant with severe dehydration?
The blood gas report that most likely reflects the acid-base balance of an infant with severe dehydration is pH of 7.20 and [tex]HCO_{3}[/tex] of 20 mEq/L (20 mmol/L). This levels indicates metabolic acidosis. So the correct option is C.
What is metabolic acidosis?It is a disorder of acid-base balance in which there are many acidic components in the blood plasma. It can be caused by some increase in proton generation, because the kidneys are unable to excrete hydrogen, or by loss of bicarbonate from the kidney or intestinal tract.
In the case of the infant, the blood gas report may be due to chronic diarrhea since he is also dehydrated.
Therefore, we can confirm that the blood gas report that most likely reflects the acid-base balance of an infant with severe dehydration is pH of 7.20 and [tex]HCO_{3}[/tex] of 20 mEq/L (20 mmol/L). This levels indicates metabolic acidosis. So the correct option is C.
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Which blood gas report most likely reflects the acid-base balance of an infant with severe dehydration?
a) pH of 7.50 and [tex]PCO_{2}[/tex] of 34 mm Hg
b) pH of 7.23 and [tex]PCO_{2}[/tex] of 70 mm Hg
c) pH of 7.20 and [tex]HCO_{3}[/tex] of 20 mEq/L (20 mmol/L)
d) pH of 7.56 and [tex]HCO_{3}[/tex] of 30 mEq/L (30 mmol/L)
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Inserting or deleting a nucleotide in a protein-coding sequence produces what type of mutation?.
The addition or deletion of DNA nucleotides in amounts that are not multiples of three is what is known as a frame-shift mutation in the gene.
Give an example of a mutation.
Hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell disease are a few conditions that are caused by hereditary mutations. Over the course of a person's lifetime, other changes could occur on their own at any time. They may also go by the names sporadic mutations, novel mutations, or spontaneous mutations. Only a few cells are affected.
What happens when a gene is altered?
Genetic mutations are when the Genetic code is changed to produce a different outcome. That gene's genomic DNA has undergone permanent modification. Genetic variations are essential for human development, which is the process of transformation through several generations. a single person.
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the tilt aftereffect is the perceptual illusion of tilt, produced by
The tilt aftereffect is the perceptual illusion of tilt, produced by Size an object takes up on the retina.
Perceptual illusions are defined as consistent and chronic discrepancies among a physial state of affairs and its illustration in consciousness. it's miles argued that for the maximum element those discrepancies occur in particular as a consequence of the activation of perceptual approaches by using contrived, artificial stimuli.
Perhaps the exceptional actual-existence example of a perceptual phantasm is the Moon illusion. whilst the Moon is at the horizon, it seems to be a whole lot large than it does whilst it is excessive within the sky. but whilst the Moon is photographed at various factors throughout the sky, all the pictures on the negatives are the equal size.
But despite the fact that perceptual illusions are a laugh, additionally they have essential philosophical implications. They show us in a clear and unambiguous way that we do not at once perceive the world round us. Perceptual revel in is a simulation—a intellectual model—that doesn't usually correspond to the reality it aims to depict.
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phospholipids containing 2 hydrophobic tails spontaneously aggregate to form micelle when suspended in aqueous solution. question 3 options: true false
The given statement is incorrect. A phospholipid molecule's three-carbon glycerol backbone has two fatty acid molecules attached to carbons 1 and 2, and the third carbon has a phosphate-containing group.
What is phospholipid molecule?Phospholipids, which are amphiphilic compounds, contain both hydrophobic fatty acid chains and hydrophilic moieties. They are the primary components of cell membranes and are found in all living things. There are several phospholipid classes in nature, each with a different polar moiety. Their assembly is driven by the hydrophobic effect, which causes the lipids to naturally organize themselves in a way that reduces the hydrophobic surface area exposed to water.Because phospholipids' fatty acid tails are poorly soluble in water, they naturally form bilayers in aqueous solutions. The hydrophobic tails are buried inside the membrane, while the polar head groups are exposed and in contact with water on both sides.To learn more about phospholipid molecule, refer to:
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a response that is uniquely directed against pathogenic bordetella pertussis would involve what component? a response that is uniquely directed against pathogenic bordetella pertussis would involve what component? inflammation the complement system antibodies skin barrier
The response that is uniquely directed against pathogenic bordetella pertussis involves antibodies.
The bacterium known as Bordetella pertussis, when inhaled when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releases toxins that attach to the tiny hair-like structures (cilia) that line the upper airways and damage them. . This causes the airways to swell and make breathing difficult.
Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to infection in the body. They are an important part of the body's defense system because they work to destroy disease-causing organisms (such as viruses and bacteria) and prevent them from infecting human cells.
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What is meiosis step by step?
Explanation:
interphase ll, DNA not replicated.
chromosome remain visible.
prophase ll, chromosome move towards the poles.
chromosome thickens.
metaphase ll, chromosome lines up in the middle.
anaphase ll, chromotids move apart.
telophase, nuclear appears .
spindle fibres dissapears.
formation of 4 daughter cells.
According to cell biology, the division of duplicated chromosomes into two new nuclei occurs during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle.
What are the stages of Mitosis?Meiosis is the type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
Mitosis, the process of cell division, creates genetically identical cells with a constant number of chromosomes. Thus, equational division is another name for mitosis.
Meiosis is broken down into two stages. Several phases are split into each step.
Menopause I:
First phase
I. Metaphase
I. Anaphase
I. Telophase
I. Cytokinesis
2. Meiosis
Telophase II, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Cytokinesis II.
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post-translational control refers to:
The regulation of gene expression after transcription is referred to as post-translational control.
The control of gene expression at the RNA level is known as post-transcriptional regulation. It happens after the RNA polymerase has attached to the promoter of the gene and is synthesizing the nucleotide sequence. The control of active protein levels is referred to as post-translational regulation. There are various types. It is accomplished through either reversible events (posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation or sequestration) or irreversible events.
Furthermore, the human proteome is dynamic, changing in response to a variety of stimuli, and post-translational modifications are frequently used to regulate cellular activity. PTMs are most commonly mediated by enzymatic activity and occur at distinct amino acid side chains or peptide linkages.
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The historical development of the theory of evolution by natural selection included theories such as those of jean-baptiste lamarck that superficially sounded logical, but were flawed by lack of understanding of genetics. Which of jean-baptiste lamarck’s proposals would support the idea that an individual who develops large muscles due to weight training would have offspring that also have large muscles?.
One of Lamarck's principle ideas about evolution was that Organisms develop and whatever trait they might acquire is then passed down to their offspring.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was an avid supporter of the theories of evolution. He himself gave a lot of theories and principles which he felt were the aptest but only because of the lack of scientific proof to prove him wrong. He proposed that organisms pass whatever traits they have to their offspring.
This notion supports the idea that an individual who develops large muscles due to weight training would have offspring that also have large muscles. This has been proved scientifically wrong now but had quite an impact on the then developing theories of evolution back then.
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The brain is about 75 percent its adult weight by three years of age. By age 6, it is at 95 percent its adult weight
Myelination and the development of dendrites continue to occur in the cortex and as it does, we see a corresponding change in what the child is capable of doing. Greater development in the prefrontal cortex, the area of the brain behind the forehead that helps us to think, strategize, and control attention and emotion, makes it increasingly possible to inhibit emotional outbursts and understand how to play games. Understanding the game, thinking ahead, and coordinating movement improve with practice and
myelination.
In the beginning, the average baby's mind is ready 1 / 4 of the size of the common adult brain. noticeably, it doubles in length inside the first year. It keeps developing to about 80% of the grownup length between age three and 90% almost fully grown by age 5.
With the aid of age 2, it is at 75 percent of its adult weight, at95 percent with the aid of age 6, and at 100 percent via age 7 years. organization of high-stage visual cortex in human toddlers”.
By way of age 2, it's miles at 75 percent of its grownup weight, at 95 percent with the aid of age 6, and at 100 percent through age 7 years. organization of high-stage visual cortex in human toddlers”.
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