The enzyme that hydrogen ions flow through to make ATP is ATP synthase.
What is the process of oxidative phosphorylation?
During chemiosmosis, hydrogen ions are pumped across the membrane by a sequence of processes that make up the electron transport chain, creating an electrochemical gradient.
Only a membrane protein known as ATP synthase allows hydrogen ions in the matrix space to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane.
ADP is converted into ATP by ATP synthase as protons pass through.
Oxidative phosphorylation describes the process by which ATP is produced in mitochondria by chemiosmosis.
What is ATP synthase?
Adenosine triphosphate, an energy storage molecule, is made from adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate by the enzyme ATP synthase. As it modifies ADP by forming a P-O bond, it is categorized as a ligase. A molecular device is called ATP synthase.
Hence, ATP synthase is the enzyme that hydrogen ions flows through to make ATP
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After being cut in half in part a, the organ pipe is closed off at one end. What is the new fundamental frequency?.
An open organ pipe's fundamental frequency is 300 Hz.
What is first overtone class 11 of the fundamental frequency?The fundamental frequency is the lowest resonant frequency, and it is frequently indicated by the letter f1. Any resonant frequency over the fundamental tone or basic frequency is referred to as an overtone. The overtone series is a list of successive overtones for a specific object.
What does the term "fundamental frequency" mean?The fundamental frequency, or simply the fundamental, is the lowest frequency present in a periodic waveform. The fundamental is the term used to describe the musical pitch of a note that is perceived as the lowest partial present in music.
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the most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of atp, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.
The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel is called aerobic respiration.
Catabolic pathway is a type of metabolic reaction. Here, the large-sized macromolecules are broken down into smaller particles. In aerobic respiration, glycolysis is a type of catabolic reaction in which the macromolecule glucose is broken down to yield pyruvate which is further processed to yield ATP.
ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate. It is the most prevalent form of chemical energy substituent used by majority of the living organisms. The breakdown of ATP releases energy.
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Psychology 201- PLEASE HELP
Which statement describes a contribution of social-cognitive theories of personality?
a) Social-cognitive theories emphasized the separation of the individual and the environment.
b) Social-cognitive theories were grounded in case study research.
c) Social-cognitive theories realized humans are agents altering their environment.
d) Social-cognitive theorists developed the field of positive psychology.
Social-cognitive theories realized humans are agents altering their environment describes a contribution of social-cognitive theories of personality. Thus option C is correct.
What is social-cognitive theory ?
Social-cognitive Theory is defined as the theory where the impact of individual events, the actions and environmental features occur on individual health behaviors.
This theory used in several sectors like it is used in psychology, education, and communication, holds that parts of an individual's knowledge events, and outside media impacts.
Social Cognitive Theory promotes social support via Teaching expectations, Self-efficacy, and Employing observational learning etc.
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Using the __ of the dna, you can predict the sample separation profile in gel electrophoresis.
You can forecast the sample separating profile during gel electrophoresis using DNA fragments.
What is electrophoresis and its types?When placed in an electric field, charged macromolecules gravitate in either direction, depending on how charged they are. Due to its negative charge, nucleic acid moves in the direction of the anode. Marble electrophoresis and gel filtration are the two types of this technology.
What is the main purpose of electrophoresis?A laboratory procedure called electrophoresis is used to divide DNA, RNA, or protein molecules according to their length and electrical charge. The molecules are moved by an electric current through with a gelatin or other matrix.
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what is the most important biological contributions of the porifera?
Porifera are important for their roles in ecology, medicine, and commercial products, but they are also important for helping scientists come up with theories about who or what the last common ancestor of all animals might have been.
The amount of bacteria and particles that can be removed from water by sponges is up to 95%, and they can also remove 90% of the dissolved organic carbon. This allows other creatures to feed on the suspended particles and dissolved materials. The diet may contain up to 97% dissolved materials. Sponges are multicellular, heterotrophic parazoan organisms that have a distinctive feeding mechanism compared to other animals. They are the most basic animal kinds that exist, with a cell-based organization in which various cells perform various functions but do not form tissues. The phylum of sponges (Porifera) is primarily marine and includes organisms that live from the intertidal to the abyssal (deepest ocean) zone. Around 8500 identified species of sponge exist in the globe, and they play a significant part in many reef coral groups.
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What is the difference between Paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia?
The ganglia which lie between the target organ and the sympathetic ganglia are known as prevertebral ganglia.
The ganglia which lie close to the spinal cord and the vertebrae are said to be paravertebral ganglia.
What is the function of prevertebral ganglia?
The celiac, mesenteric, and hypogastric ganglia are among the prevertebral ganglia, which also receive preganglionic axons from the splanchnic nerves and innervate the abdominal, pelvic, and perineal organs.
They are made up of postganglionic sympathetic main neurons, which supply the viscera in the abdomen and pelvis. Prevertebral ganglia contain a majority of integrating neurons that receive nervous information from preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord and intestinofugal neurons of the myenteric plexus in the gastrointestinal tract, in contrast to paravertebral ganglia, which are made up almost entirely of relay neurons receiving nervous information arising only from preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord. These integrating neurons' primary targets are enteric nervous system neurons.
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Express the pair of fractions the least common denominator of the two 3/8,7/10
The two pairs of fractions' least common denominator must be found. There are two fractions: 3/8 and 7/10.
How can the least common denominator of two fractions be determined?List the multiples of both denominators until you discover the smallest multiple that both share to get the least common denominator. mainly because 4 and 7's first shared multiple, 28, is 28.
How can you systematically find the LCD of a fraction?Four simple steps can be used to describe the second method of determining the LCD of two fractions: Divide each denominator by the sum of its primes. List every prime, making note of every matching prime. If you multiply the variables, the outcome will become the denominators' lowest common multiple.
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which of the following is not a principle of the cell theory? question 22 options: a. cells are the basic units of life. b. all living things are made of cells. c. very few cells reproduce. d. all cells are produced by existing cells.
c. very few cells reproduce is not a principle of the cell theory.
Theodor Schwann put forth the classical cell theory in 1839. This theory consists of three components. All organisms are composed of cells, according to the first section. According to the scientific theory known as "cell theory," which was initially put forth in the middle of the nineteenth century, all living beings are composed of cells, which also serve as the fundamental structural and organizing unit of all organisms.
There are three tenets of the Cell hypothesis.
1) Cells make up all living things.
2) Other living cells make all of the current cells.
3) Omnis cellula - e - cellula is the third.
For brief periods of time, tissues' cells can survive on their own. There hasn't been anything discovered that can live on its own that is smaller than a cell. Cells cannot grow in sealed and sterile environments, as shown by experiments by Francesco Redi and Louis Pasteur.
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some constitutive mutations to the laci repressor were found to alter the conformation of its binding site for the . these mutations produced proteins that did not repress the lac operon even when the allolactose inducer was absent. another type of laci mutant was found in which the lac operon even when the allolactose inducer was present. these mutations were termed mutants. superrepressor mutants were found to alter the conformation of the repressor binding site for the such that the repressor could continue to bind to the operator. if lactose was the only carbon source made available to an e. coli bacterium, a superrepressor mutation in laci would .
In constitutive mutations, the defected gene product is continuously formed from the defected gene instead of the wild type. There remains no control over the expression of gene.
Lac operon is an aggregate of multiple genes all controlled by a single promoter that work in the metabolism of lactose in the body. There are three genes in lac operon: gene z , gene y and gene a.
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Is there only one path through the rock cycle?
What is the main energy conversion during digestion? a Electrical Energy to Radiant Energy b Chemical Energy to Chemical Energy c Thermal ( Heat ) Energy to Positive Energy d Chemical Energy to Thermal Energy
The main energy conversion which is established during the digestion of food substances is:
chemical energy to thermal and mechanical energy.
The correct answer choice is option e.
How chemical energy involved during digestion of food substances?Digestion can simply be defined as the process whereby food substances are being broken down into simple particles so it can be easily digested and absorbed by the body system.
However, the food we eat or consume consists majorly of chemical energy which after its consumption can simply be converted into different forms such as thermal energy and then to mechanical energy.
In conclusion, it can be deduced that when we digest food substances, the chemical energy in it is converted to other energy forms.
Complete question:
What is the main energy conversion during digestion?
a. Electrical Energy to Radiant Energy
b. Chemical Energy to Chemical Energy
c. Thermal ( Heat ) Energy to Positive Energy
d. Chemical Energy to Thermal Energy
e. chemical energy to thermal and mechanical energy.
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What are 3 applications of the human genome project?
Molecular medicine, waste management, environmental cleanup, biotechnology, energy sources, risk assessment, and DNA forensics are among the various sectors where the human genome project is applied (Identification).
What is human genome project?
The Human Genome Project was a significant, collaborative, international undertaking that resulted in the first-ever mapping and sequencing of the human genome. conducted between 1990 and 2003
Applications of human genome project:
(a) Molecular Medicine: Genetic testing will allow for quick and accurate diagnostic procedures, making it possible to cure a wide range of illnesses. Heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are among the conditions for which vulnerability can be identified.
(b) Biotechnology: By the year 2000, it is anticipated that sales of biotechnology items will be quite high in the United States. Large firms have increased their investment as a result of the HGP's encouragement of innovative biotechnology.
(c) DNA Forensics (Identification): Forensic experts use 13 DNA regions, or loci, that differ from person to person to identify individuals. They then use the information to develop a DNA profile of that person (sometimes called a DNA fingerprint).
Hence, Human genome projects holds various advantages in the biological field
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Why is there such thin soil beneath such lush and dense vegetation?
Answer: In the rainforest, most of the carbon and essential nutrients are locked up in living vegetation, dead wood, and decaying leaves. As organic material decays, it is recycled so quickly that few nutrients ever reach the soil, leaving it nearly sterile
Explanation:
why is it advantageous for cells to use atp for energy rather than simply break down any chemical bonds available?
It is advantageous for cells to use ATP for energy rather than simply break down any chemical bonds available because ATP is used by bacteria in addition to humans to provide energy and the quick energy turnover of ATP fulfills the body's fluctuating energy needs.
ATP is a highly effective molecular machine. Because of the phosphate groups connected by phosphodiester bonds, ATP makes a great "currency" molecule for energy storage. These electronegative charges that are associated with the bonds act as a repulsive force on the phosphate groups, making the bonds high-energy. A glucose molecule cannot be effectively broken down without significantly altering its structure, making it more difficult to rebuild. As a result, adding and removing those phosphate groups is much more energy efficient than adding and removing elements from a glucose molecule.
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Using a total of only five organs, design a digestive system that can absorb the maximum number of calories from the apple.
Digestion is a process in which breakdown of food molecules occurs, which provide nutrients to the body.
Digestion of an apple
The organs included in the digestion of an apple are :
Mouth: The apple cut down into smaller pieces by teeth. The saliva present in the mouth breakdown the starch present in the apple.
Stomach: The stomach contain digestive juices like hydrochloric acid and other gastric juices. These juices mix with the apple.
Duodenum : In duodenum, the breakdown of starch molecule happens.
Ileum : Small finger like structure present in the organ called villi, which absorb sugar particles and vitamins and minerals present in the apple.
Colon : The undigested waste travels through the colon and goes to another organ that is rectum.
Rectum : The indigestive waste material went out from the body through rectum.
These are the organs which can absorb the maximum number of Calories from the apple.
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the long-looped nephrons of animals adapted to survive with minimal water consumption, such as desert rats, have relatively longer loops of henle than humans have. of what benefit would these longer loops be? group of answer choices
The advantage of longer Henle's loop in desert animals over the shorter Henle's loop in humans is that longer loop provides greater absorption of minerals such as sodium ions, calcium ions or other ions needed for the body and restricts loss of water.
The metabolism of animals found in dry or arid regions is so designed that they can live with ease. The Henle's loop of desert animals allows greater absorption of water and thus loss of water is minimized due to the extremely concentrated urine. This limits the water needed for their survival. This allows more water to be resent back for hormonal circulation in the body. The major function of Henle's loop is to reabsorb water and sodium chloride ions which are released out by the kidney functions.
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Classify each of the following characteristics according to whether it describes DNA or RNA.
Answer:
what's the following characteristics...?
All other factors being equal, which scenario is least likely to involve coevolution?
a)An obligate positive interaction in which the two parties are from different kingdoms
b)An obligate positive interaction in which one party lives inside the other
c)An obligate positive interaction in which the two parties are closely related
d)A facultative interaction in which the two parties are from different kingdoms
A facultative interaction in which the two parties are from different kingdoms.
The reciprocal evolutionary change in a set of interacting populations over time caused by their interactions is referred to as coevolution. Interacting populations are typically different species, such as plant-pollinator, predator-prey, or host-parasite.
The term coevolution refers to situations in which two (or more) species mutually influence each other's evolution. One of the most common examples of coevolution is the predator-prey relationship.
The application of niche-construction reasoning to the human species, recognizing that both genes and culture are subject to similar dynamics, and human society is a cultural construction that provides the environment for fitness-enhancing genetic changes in individuals, is known as gene-culture coevolution.
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A gene that controls betacarotene production has been successfully inserted into a common food crop. Name the technique used to do this. Give the full name, not the abbreviation.
Answer:
The technique that is used in inserting a gene into a crop is genetic modification.
What is genetic modified crop?
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is a living organism whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.
Humans have used breeding methods to modify organisms for thousands of years. Over generations, corn, cattle, and even dogs have been selectively bred to have certain desired traits.
The majority of GMO crops grown today were developed to assist farmers in preventing crop and food loss and controlling weeds.
The following are the most common traits found in GMO crops: Resistance to certain harmful insects, and Tolerance to certain weed-controlling herbicides.
Thus, with the help of genetic modification, a gene that controls beta-carotene production can be successfully inserted into a common food crop.
Which statement correctly describes the interaction of two body systems?
a) The endocrine system transports wastes from cells to the urinary system for excretion
b) The digestive system transports nutrients to the integumentary system, which excretes wastes
c) The nervous system produces hormones that control the function of the reproductive system
d) The respiratory system obtains oxygen that is delivered to cells by the cardiovascular system
Answer: B
Explanation:
Answer the following questions:
What is GMO?
Where are they?
How long have they been around?
Glucagon will trigger ____________ processes to occur in the body so that glucose is released into the blood from your glucose stores (glycogen and fat)
A. Anabolic
B. Catabolic
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
If a scientist is monitoring cytokinesis in a cell, then the scientist must be witnessing(1 point).
Anaphase must be being observed if a scientist is keeping track of cytokinesis in a cell.
What precisely is cytokinesis?Through a procedure known as cytokinesis, a cell physically divides into two daughter cells. In mammalian cells, it takes place concurrently with the nuclear division processes known as mitosis and meiosis.
What does meiosis' anaphase entail?Homologous chromosomal separation triggers the start of anaphase I. Nucleoli reappearance and reformation of the nuclear envelope. The centrosomes begin to detach, the chromosomes coil up, and the nuclear membrane begins to degrade. Sister chromatids align with the cell's equator, and spindle fibers grow as a result.
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which of the following definitions does not describe a catalyst?
A catalyst is not used up in the reaction.
A catalyst will increase the rate of a reaction.
A catalyst may be an organic substance.
A catalyst will decrease the rate of a reaction.
A catalyst may be an inorganic substance.
Select the correct answer. what is a possible effect of leakage of inner ear fluid? a. body imbalance b. breathing issues c. increased body temperature d. increased heart rate
Answer:
The possible effect of leakage of inner ear fluid is A. Body imbalance
Explanation:
The middle ear is filled with air, not with fluid. Also, the inner air is filled with a fluid called Perilymph. if fluid is imbalance a small amount of fluid leaking from the inner ear to the middle ear occurs.
If affected by the Perilymph fistula the symptoms are sneezing or coughing, hearing loss, and pressure in the ear. It also causes changes in the pressure in the middle ear and causes abnormal symptoms
lysogenic bacteriophages contribute to bacterial virulence because bacteriophages lysogenic bacteriophages contribute to bacterial virulence because bacteriophages produce toxins. carry plasmids. kill human cells. kill the bacteria, causing release of endotoxins. give new gene sequences to the host bacteria.
Lysogenic bacteriophages contribute to bacterial virulence because it offers the host bacteria new gene sequences. Lysogenic bacteriophages integrate into the genetic material of the host bacteria and grow alongside it.
A lysogenic bacteriophage is a virus that attacks bacterial cells but then fuses with the DNA of the host cell to produce a prophage, a type of non-infectious phage. So, as opposed to being referred to as a virulent bacteriophage, a lysogenic bacteriophage is sometimes called a temperate bacteriophage.
The viral DNA combines with the genetic material of the host cell during the lysogenic cycle after the virus has inserted its DNA within the bacterial cell. The host cell's genetic material and the viral DNA are subsequently duplicated together as the cell divides.
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Which of the following would NOT be a waste product generated by the action of bacteria in the large intestine?
ammonia
uric acid
hydrogen sulfide
indole and skatole
Uric acid would not be a waste product generated by the action of bacteria in the large intestine.
Uric acid is a waste product found in blood. It's created when the body breaks down chemicals called purines. Uric acid gets dissolves in the blood, passes through the kidneys and leaves the body in urine. Hence they are not waste product from the large intestine.
Kidneys excrete uric acid as a waste product. The kidneys are responsible for excreting two-thirds of the uric acid produced daily out of which one third is excreted in the stool and urine.
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A lesion is located at the ventral-most portion of someone’s spinal cord. Which sense is most likely to be directly affected?.
A lesion is located at the ventral-most portion of someone’s spinal cord, then sense which is most likely to be affected is : pressure.
What is the function of ventral-most portion of spinal cord?The ventral nerve cord is a major structure of the invertebrate central nervous system and is the functional equivalent of the vertebrate spinal cord. The ventral nerve cord coordinates neural signaling from the brain to body and vice versa and integrating sensory input and locomotor output.
In human anatomy, ventral side of the spinal cord corresponds to the anterior side whereas, the dorsal side corresponds to the posterior side.
Damage to the ventral horn affects the anterior spinothalamic pathway, that carries crude touch and pressure sensations.
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A number of significant dramas such as The Normal Heart, The Baltimore Waltz, and Angels in America were spurred by the ______ crisis.
A number of significant dramas such as The Normal Heart, The Baltimore Waltz, and Angels in America were spurred by the AIDS crisis.
What led to the AIDS epidemic in the US?Investigators initially believed the issue was most likely caused by an infectious disease that might be spread through sex, however some hypothesized that recreational drugs or other environmental variables could also be to blame.
When did the US experience the AIDS crisis?In the United States (U.S.), the first cases of what would later be known as AIDS were recorded in June 1981. In the United States, there are currently more than 1.2 million people living with HIV, and more than 35,000 new infections occur year.
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a monophyletic group (also called a clade) is defined as: a monophyletic group (also called a clade) is defined as: having shared ancestral character states.
A monophyletic institution would be best described as a grouping of all species descended from a commonplace ancestor, such as that ancestor.
A monophyletic taxon is a collection composed of a set of organisms, which include the most recent common ancestor of all the organisms and all of the descendants of that maximum current common ancestor. A monophyletic taxon is likewise referred to as a clade. Examples: Mammalia, Aves (birds), angiosperms, insects, etc.
A monophyletic institution, now and again referred to as a clade, includes an ancestral taxon and all of its descendants. A monophyletic institution may be separated from the root with an unmarried cut, whereas a non-monophyletic organization desires two or extra cuts.
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