The most likely explanation for the failure of bm12 mice to make a CD4 T cell response to bovine insulin is because the bovine insulin [A 1-14] fails to bind to bm12.
This happens because MHC complexes on antigen-presenting cells will be recognized as foreign by T cells of bm12mice due to which it fails to respond against bovine insulin.
T cells are specific against a particular antigen and are manufactured in the thymus. Once released from the thymus they remain circulating in the body until they recognize their specific antigen on the APCs [antigen presenting cells]. Then CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells come into action and bind to the specifically recognized antigen forming an MHC complex over the surface of APCs triggering the activation of the T cells in the secondary lymphoid organs.
Learn more about T cell response mechanism here
brainly.com/question/21078655
#SPJ4
Sickle cell anemia is due to an autosomal recessive trait. A man and woman are both carriers of the recessive allele. What is the probability that their first child will have sickle cell disease
The probability that their first child will have sickle cell disease is 0.25.
How, explain your answer?A man and a woman both are carriers of sickle cell anaemia.
The sickle cell anaemia genotype is ss whereas for producing normal haemoglobin, we have SS or Ss (Carrier).
When both man and woman are carriers, we have
Ss, Ss.
Thus, the probability that the couple would have a child that was also a carrier of sickle cell anemia is 0.25.
To learn more about recessive trait click here:
https://brainly.com/question/17447924
#SPJ1
________itis is an inflammatory disease of the nervous system involving the roots of the spinal nerves.
Transverse myelitis is an inflammatory disease of the nervous system involving the roots of the spinal nerves.
Overview - Transverse myelitis
It is a neurological disorder that damages the myelin sheaths of neurons in the spinal cord. This results in the interruption of the transmission of signals through the neuron. This results in extreme pain, weakness of muscle, sensory impairment, bowel and bladder dysfunction, paralysis, etc.
Symptoms
Symptoms can be exhibited on both sides of the body below the affected region of the spinal cord or on one side. Typical symptoms include,
Pain
Abnormal sensation
Weakness of arm and leg muscles
Bladder and bowel dysfunction
Causes
Infections can trigger transverse myelitis. Viruses (Herpes, Epstein-Barr, HIV, West Nile Zika, Hepatitis-B, etc), bacterial diseases (syphilis, tuberculosis, tetanus, etc), inflammations (such as multiple sclerosis, autoimmune disorders, etc) can cause transverse myelitis.
When to visit the doctor
See the doctor as soon as possible as the condition can worsen over time. Proper diagnosis is key as some other neurological disorders can also exhibit similar symptoms.
Learn more about transverse myelitis:
https://brainly.com/question/6474291
#SPJ4
Define the following terms as used in ecosystem:. Community.. Population. Food chain. Food web.
Answer:
Hello !
Ecosystem An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life. Ecosystems contain biotic or living, parts, as well as abiotic factors, or nonliving parts. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and other organisms. It's also a system formed by an ecological community and its environment that functions as a unit.
population is the people living within apolitical or geographical boundary. in biology a community of animals, plants, or humans among whose members interbreeding occurs.
a community of animals, plants, or humans among whose members interbreeding occurs."fluctuations in populations of voles and lemmings"
Food chain the feeding relationships between species in a biotic community. also the series of processes by which food is grown or produced, sold, and eventually consumed.
Food web a diagram showing the organisms that eat other organisms in particular ecosystem, predators being higher in the web than their prey.
18. What should be the frequency of the AA, Aa, and aa genotype if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the genotype frequencies should be 0.49 AA, 0.42 Aa, and . 09 aa.
Frequency of genotypes "AA" and "Aa". The frequency of AA is equal to p2 and the frequency of Aa is equal to 2pq. Therefore, using the above information, the frequency of AA is 16% (that is, p2 is 0.4 x 0.4 = 0.16) and Aa is 48% (2pq = 2 x 0.4 x 0.6 = 0.48).
Scientists need to look at at least two generations to find out if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If the allele frequency is the same for both generations, the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Learn more about frequency here: https://brainly.com/question/254161
#SPJ4
A bird species that live in the trees and another
living on the ground is an example of which of
the following?
A. ecological isolation
C. behavioral isolation
B. temporal isolation
D. gametic isolation
Answer:
A.) ecological isolation
Explanation:
A.) is correct because ecological isolation describes how different organisms cannot reproduce with each other as a result of living in different locations/environments.
B.) is incorrect because behavioral isolation describes how organisms cannot reproduce as a result of different mating rituals or other behaviors.
C.) is incorrect because temporal isolation describes how organisms cannot reproduce as a result of engaging in reproductive behaviors during different time periods.
D.) is incorrect because gametic isolation describes how organisms who try to reproduce, cannot, as a result of male and female gametic incompatibility.
3. What term describes a plant's response to external stimuli like light, gravity, and touch?
A. auxins
B. tropisms
C. differential growth
D. germination
Answer:t
Explanation:
help me solve this problem please i'm trying pass the 7th grade please
Fertility in humans is a trait that is controlled by multiple genes, and which has environmental influences, such as the health and nutrition of the potential parents. What terms describe fertility as a trait
Polygenic traits describe fertility as a trait.
A polygenic trait is a function, together with top or skin coloration, this is encouraged by means of two or extra genes.
Because a couple of genes are concerned, polygenic developments do now not comply with the patterns of Mendelian inheritance. Many polygenic trends also are prompted by the surroundings and are referred to as multifactorial.
An instance of polygenic inheritance is white recognition in mice and green color in wheat. Mendelian inheritance revolves across the regulation of dominance, the law of independent assortment, and the regulation of segregation of gametes and offers a clear ratio and does no longer communicate approximately the integration of two characters. Right here, one gene controls one trait.
Learn more about polygenic traits here: https://brainly.com/question/8539029
#SPJ4
Mutagens a. are the sole cause of mutations in DNA. b. come in two basic forms: ionizing and nonionizing radiation. c. decrease the likelihood of mutations in DNA. d. increase the likelihood of mutations in DNA.
Mutagens increase the likelihood of mutations in DNA.
A mutagen is a chemical or bodily agent able to induce adjustments in DNA referred to as mutations.
Mutations end result both from mistakes in DNA replication or from the dangerous outcomes of mutagens, along with chemical compounds and radiation, which react with DNA and trade the systems of person nucleotides. All cells possess DNA-restore enzymes that try and limit the range of mutations that arise
Examples of mutagens encompass tobacco merchandise, radioactive substances, x-rays, ultraviolet radiation, and an extensive sort of chemicals.
Learn more about Mutations here: https://brainly.com/question/2570717
#SPJ4
When testing diffusion over a selectively permeable membrane, you placed different liquids into special containers. The proper setup was to
When testing diffusion over a selectively permeable membrane, the proper setup is aimed at putting different concentrations into tubes and the same water volume.
What is a selectively permeable membrane?A selectively permeable membrane is a physical barrier that allows the passage of certain substances but not others.
The cell membrane is a selectively permeable membrane that cells need to interchange nutrients and waste with their environment.
In conclusion, a suitable experiment to show the process of diffusion in a selectively permeable membrane is to put concentrations of the solute into tubes and the same volume of solvent (water).
Learn more about selectively permeable membranes here:
https://brainly.com/question/227810
#SPJ1
Didinium are carnivorous protistans that prey on other, slower moving protistans. How should Didinium be classified
Didinium is classified as eukaryotic consumer.
Heterotrophic organisms include Didinium. They only consume the considerably larger ciliate Paramecium as prey. A Didinium releases attachment lines and poison darts (trichocysts) when it discovers a Paramecium. The Didinium then starts to swallow its prey whole.The only organism with a genuine nucleus and other organelles that are attached to membranes is a protist. Consequently, they are categorized as eukaryotes.The Didinium is a type of protist with unicellular ciliates. It lives in water and feeds primarily on paramecium, however it also occasionally consumes other ciliates. As a result, Didinium is a member of the eukaryotic consumer kingdom.
learn more about Didinium here: https://brainly.com/question/28014868
#SPJ4
A large population of yellow perch lives in the east river. the walleye is a larger fish that eats the yellow perch. despite lots of prey all the walleye have moved from the east river to a new river. what most likely caused the walleye to move to a different river?
The lack of adaptations to the habitat most likely caused the walleye to move to a different river.
Adaptation
It is a biological mechanism that increases the chance of its survival in a new environment or the changes in the existing environment. Adaptation occurs as a result of evolution and allows the organism to survive and reproduce efficiently in its environment.
Physical adaptations include accumulating changes in the physical characteristics of an organism that help them to survive and reproduce better. Example: evolution of long necks in giraffes.
Behavioral adaptations are changes in the behavior or habits of organisms that help them to sustain in a changing or new environment. Example: Hibernation.
Due to some reason, the walleye were not able to adapt to the environment of the east river which is why they must have moved to a new river despite the presence of a lot of prey.
Know more about biology adaptations here,
https://brainly.com/question/6138714
#SPJ4
In an active muscle cell, aerobic cellular respiration generates about ________ ATP from one glucose.
In an active muscle cell, aerobic cellular respiration generates about less than 50 ATP from one glucose.
What is aerobic cellular respiration ?During aerobic cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen combine to create ATP, which the cell can utilise. As byproducts, carbon dioxide and water are produced. The general equation for aerobic cellular respiration is: ATP is produced when glucose and oxygen combine in cellular respiration. The 5 stages that have to take place are glycolysis, oxidation of pyruvate, Krebs's cycle, electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis.
In the presence of oxygen, organisms can employ aerobic cellular respiration to generate up to 38 ATP molecules from a single glucose molecule. Without oxygen, organisms must manufacture ATP by anaerobic respiration, which yields just two ATP molecules for every glucose molecule.
Learn more about aerobic cellular respiration here:
https://brainly.com/question/20267763
#SPJ4
While doing field research, two scientists discover a new species of plant. They take the plant back to their lab to watch how it grows and reproduces. Soon, the plant begins to produce a small purple flower. Upon further investigation, the scientists discover that the plant's seeds contain two embryonic leaves.
Which group could the plant belong to? Check all that apply.
As the new species of plant produced purple flowers, so, the plant belongs to the angiosperms group. Also, the seeds of the plant contain two embryonic leaves, so, the plant must be a dicot.
Out of all five divisions of plants, only the plants that come under the Division Angiosperm can bear or form flowers. That's why angiosperms are also called flowering plants. Angiosperms are further divided into two groups based on the number of embryos that are produced from seeds on germination. If the germinating seeds contain only one embryo leaf, then we call them monocots while the seeds that contain two embryo leaves during their developing seeds, then they are called dicots.Thus, the plant that is discovered by scientists comes under the angiosperm group and further into the dicot group. Dicots have two embryo leaves on germination of their seeds and they also form flowers.
Learn more about angiosperms here:
https://brainly.com/question/9416370
#SPJ10
When a novel property emerges that was not present at the simpler level of organization. a. New property b. Evolution c. Emergent property d. Advancing property e. Natural selection
C. emergent property is the answer.
Emergent properties are properties that a collection or complex system has, but its individual members do not. Failure to recognize that property is urgent or incidental can lead to the fallacy of division.
In other words, emergent properties are properties of a group of objects that are not found in individual objects, such as insects, atoms, and buildings. Examples of emergent properties are cities, brains, ant colonies, and complex chemical systems.
Some examples of emergent properties are those of life where life begins to emerge at the cellular level. What is under the cell is not alive. The cells then interact and come together to produce other emergent properties such as tissues, organs, organisms, and populations.
Learn more about the novel property here:https://brainly.com/question/778086
#SPJ4
Which body region should be avoided during myofascial release techniques? Lumbar spine Thoracic spine Knee Pelvis
Pelvis should be avoided during myofascial release techniques.
What is myofascial and it's massage?
The method focuses on pain that is thought to originate in your muscles' tough membranes known as myofascial tissues, which wrap, link, and support your muscles. Myofascial pain, which is related to "trigger points," which are associated with stiff, anchored places inside the myofascial tissue, theoretically varies from other types of pain.
A stimulation, such as muscle stiffness, that activates trigger points in your muscles is what causes myofascial pain syndrome. The following elements may raise your risk of developing muscle trigger points: muscle harm. Trigger points can form as a result of a recent muscular injury or ongoing muscle stress.
Learn more about myofascial here:
https://brainly.com/question/14306275
#SPJ4
for (50) points i need help please answer
Explanation:
The type of rocks in which dinosaur fossils (and almost all other fossils) are found is called sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rock generally occurs as flat layers called strata (single layers called stratum). Imagine you have a handful of both coarse and very fine sand and a bucket of water. If you were to drop the sand into the water two things would happen. First, the sand would settle to the bottom of the bucket. The coarse sand would settle faster and then the fine sand would slowly settle out. Secondly, when the sand reached the bottom of the bucket it would spread out forming two flat layers, a layer of coarse sand covered by the layer of fine sand. The process of settling is called sedimentation from the Latin, sedimentum, meaning the act of settling. The layers formed across the bottom of the bucket are called strata, from the Latin word stratum, meaning covering.
Virtually the identical process occurs in nature. Imagine a river carrying lots of sand and other material worn from rocks emptying into a large body of water like a lake or ocean. Flat layers are created on the bottom of the body of water. Dinosaur bones carried by the river would also settle out and be found in one of the layers on the lake or ocean bottom. Eventually it would be covered by subsequent layers. Over time, the soft layers would be turned into rock, the bones would be preserved within the layers, and finally they might be raised to the surface where a lucky paleontologist might recover them for a museum.
Looking for bone layers is much like playing detective. Using 4.6 billion years as the age of the Earth and 164 million years for the tenure of dinosaurs on the planet, it is easy to determine that dinosaurs existed on Earth for only a very short part of the Earth's history (only 3.6% of the time). Holmes (see References below) lists a maximum total thickness of 452,000 feet of rocks that are known to contain fossils of animals with hard parts; only 125, 000 feet of which were deposited when the dinosaurs existed. If only 28% of the fossil-bearing rock thickness may contain dinosaur fossils, how do we search for them?
The first thing we must do is narrow the search. We must first locate the 28% of sedimentary rocks in which dinosaur fossils may be found. Let's consider an ideal situation. A paleontologist from Texas went on vacation to Montana where he discovered dinosaur bones in a particular layer of rock. He wondered if the same layer existed in Texas so he could find bones closer to his home. If that particular rock layer appeared on the Earth's surface, continuously, all the way from Montana to Texas he would be able to walk along the layer to follow it. That would be easy, but, unfortunately, the easy way never seems to work. In many cases the bonelayer would be covered by layers of younger rocks, and in other cases the bone layer could be worn away by erosion. Both covering and erosion would make it impossible to follow the layer from Montana to Texas. Clearly, another method must be found. One of the most reliable ways to locate fossils is with other fossils. Certain widely found fossils represent animals that only lived on Earth for a very short time. Such fossils are called index fossils. When found in two geographically separated layers, they allow scientists to say, with some confidence, the layers are the same. Index fossils can be used to track a layer from Montana to Texas, or from Montana to France. The process of determining if layers in different places are the same is called correlation.
Return to top
Once the layer is found, more work needs to be done. Dinosaurs probably did not live everywhere in that layer. We know that dinosaurs did not live in the oceans. We can avoid searching in areas that fossils tell us were oceans at the time of the dinosaurs. Fish and marine reptiles (such as plesiosaurs) did not live in the same places as dinosaurs. If paleontologis ts find the former, they won't find the latter. Index fossils allow us to not only determine what layers contain other fossils, but also where in that layer certain fossils may be found
A 4y/o with a rare genetic disorder demonstrates bilateral excessive pronation due to ligamentous laxity and hypotonia. She is able to clear B feet during swing phase without issue. What is the most appropriate orthotic for this child
The most appropriate orthotic for this child is called supramalleolar orthotics.
What is orthotics?The expression 'orthotics' makes reference to specific shoes customized for a patient condition.
In this case, supramalleolar orthotics makes reference to a given inherited condition with low incidence (rage genetic disease).
In conclusion, the orthotics situation here is supramalleolar orthotics.
Learn more about orthotics here:
https://brainly.com/question/7565359
#SPJ1
A dog starts chasing gretchen. when her brain sends a signal to her muscles to run, which cells are at work? sensory motor interneuron leukocyte
Which of the following is/are TRUE about alleles?
I. An allele is an alternative form of a gene.
II. An allele is located at a specific position on homologous chromosomes.
III. An allele is inherited from the mother only.
A. Statements I and II
B. Statement I and III
C. Statements II and III
D. Statements I, II, and III
Answer:
A. Statements I and II are correct.
Which structure controls the movement of tube feet?
I’LL MARK U BRAINLIEST IF U ANSWER THIS QUESTION. THANKS!
Explain why mitosis is important to both unicellular and multicellular organisms.
Answer:
In multicellular organisms, mitosis produces cells for growth and repair where in unicellular organisms, it produces identical cells. :)
In unicellular organisms such as bacteria, mitosis helps in asexual reproduction as it produces an identical copy of the parent cell. :D
In multicellular organisms, body cells undergo mitosis to provide new cells for growth or to replace cells that have been damaged and died. :)
Have an amazing day!!
Please rate and mark brainliest!!
Calculate the average time for the powder to dissolve
in room temperature water. Record the average time
in Table E.
Trial 1
seconds
18.00
start
reset
stop
Trial 2
seconds
18.00
start
reset
stop
Trial 3
seconds
15.00
start
reset
stop
What is the average time it took for the crushed tablet to
dissolve in room temperature water?
seconds
The average time will be 17 seconds.
What is the arithmetical average?The average of a set of numbers is determined by summing up all the numbers and dividing by the total elements in the set.
In this case, there are 3 elements in the number - 18, 18, and 15.
Average time = 18+18+15/3 = 17 seconds.
More on average can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/27646993
#SPJ1
The average time of the experiment is 17 seconds.
Average time of the experiment
The average time is calculated as follows;
Average time = total time / number of trials
Average time = (18 + 18 + 15)/3
Average time = 51/3
Average time = 17 seconds
Thus, the average time of the experiment is 17 seconds.
Learn more about average time here: https://brainly.com/question/4931057
#SPJ1
A microbiologist was surprised when he could not recover Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies in which organisms were seen in the tissue sections. He was advised to switch from the Campy BAP selective medium to Skirrow's blood agar because the latter is:
A microbiologist was surprised when he could not recover Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies in which organisms were seen in the tissue sections. He was advised to switch from the Campy BAP selective medium to Skirrow's blood agar because the latter is free of cephalothin.
A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic called cephalothin is used to treat severe bacterial infections in the urinary tract, skin, bones, and lower respiratory tract.A beta-lactam, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity, cephalothin is semi-synthetic. Penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall are bound by cephalothin and rendered inactive.PBPs take involvement in the last phases of bacterial cell wall construction as well as the remodeling of the cell wall during cell division. PBP inactivation hinders the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains, which is essential for the strength and stiffness of bacterial cell walls.
learn more about cephalothin here: https://brainly.com/question/7385027
#SPJ4
The BOD is a measurement of the amount of bacteria present before and after the sewage treatment process. Group of answer choices True False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
ANSWER QUICK
The increasing population growth, especially in the developing nations, leads to
Group of answer choices
increased pollution of the environment.
quicker depletion of resources.
increased competition for resources.
all of the choices.
ANSWER QUICK
The increasing population growth, especially in the developing nations, leads to
Group of answer choices
increased pollution of the environment.
quicker depletion of resources.
increased competition for resources.
all of the choices.
Answer:
all of the above.
What is one of the main characteristics of secondary granules in the neutrophilic granulocyte cytoplasm
One of the main characteristics of secondary granules in the neutrophilic granulocyte cytoplasm is that secondary granules will become pink/tan and will cause the basophilic color to lighten.
Promyelocytes, metamyelocytes, and myelocytes are the precursors of neutrophils, which make up the majority of the white blood cell population. The immature neutrophils are usually found only in the bone marrow.
Myeloid maturation sequence is the next stage of myelocyte. The cytoplasm of this cell starts to produce specific, secondary granules. If the cell is destined to be a neutrophil these secondary granules will be pink/tan and will further cause the basophilic color to lighten and break up. At the beginning of neutrophilia, these secondary granules are most obvious in the golgi area.
As the cell matures closer to a metamyelocyte, they fill the entire cytoplasm. While the cytoplasm shifts to producing secondary granules it also loses the prominence of its primary granules.
Learn more about neutrophils here :
https://brainly.com/question/27960149
#SPJ4
Primary varicoceles are associated with all of the following, except: * 5 points Palpable extratesticular mass Infertility Left sided location Retroperitoneal mass
Primary varicoceles are associated with all of the following, except retroperitoneal mass.
Veins in your scrotum that expand cause a varicocele (the pouch of skin that holds your testicles Palpable intratesticular mass). The pampiniform plexus is the name given to these veins. Ten to fifteen males out of one hundred have varicocele and causes infertility. It is comparable to developing varicose veins in your leg.Varicoceles occur when the scrotal pampiniform plexus veins expand. Similar to varicose veins are these veins (twisted, swollen veins, found in the leg.) Varicoceles develop during adolescence. Over time, you might start to notice them more and they might get bigger. On the left side of the scrotum, varicoceles seem to be more common.learn more about Primary varicoceles here: https://brainly.com/question/15292735
#SPJ4
In therapeutic stem cell cloning, the somatic cell nucleus of the patient who requires tissue transplantation is used to culture the embryonic stem cells. These cells, when provided with suitable conditions, develop into tissues that can be transplanted. What is the advantage of this technique?
A. There would be no tissue rejection problems.
B. The cells can be grown more rapidly.
C. The patient would find it more acceptable.
D. All of the choices.
The advantages of therapeutic stem cell cloning include no rejection problems, cells can be grown rapidly, and patients would find it more acceptable (all choices are correct).
What is therapeutic stem cell cloning?Therapeutic stem cell cloning refers to the method in the laboratory aimed at generating genetically identical cells for therapeutic purposes.
Therapeutic stem cell cloning shows the advantage that cells have the same genetic background as the patient and therefore they are not rejected.
In conclusion, the advantages include no rejection, cells can be grown rapidly, and they are more acceptable.
Learn more about stem cell cloning here:
https://brainly.com/question/23318385
#SPJ1
There is a large park which is owned by the local city government with a food forest containing many fruit and nut trees. What will most likely happen to that food forest
Answer:
It is likely that the food forest will be maintained by the local city government.
Explanation: