What is the mass of a proton in atomic mass units (amu)?

A Lewis structure shows the valence electrons surrounding the atoms.

It shows too many valence electrons

It violates the octet rule for O — there are 10 electrons around the O atom.

Count the valence electrons in the trial structure

5 BP + 15 LP  = 10 + 30 = 40 electrons

1 S =   1 × 6 =  6 electrons

1 O =   1 × 6 =   6

4 F  = 4 × 7 = 28                    

    TOTAL = 40 electrons

The trial structure has the correct number of electrons.

To get the formal charges, we cut the covalent bonds in half.

Each atom gets the electrons on its side of the cut.

Formal charge = valence electrons in isolated atom - electrons on bonded atom

FC = VE - BE  

(a) On S

VE = 6

BE = 5 bonding electrons = 5

FC = 6 - 5 = +1

(b) On O:

VE = 6

BE = 3 LP(six electrons) + 1 bonding electron  = 7

FC = 6 - 7 = -1

(c) On F:

VE = 6

BE = 3 lone pairs(6 electrons) + 1 bonding electron = 6 + 1 =7

FC = 7 - 7 = 0

We must rearrange the valence electrons so that S gets one more and O gets one fewer.

(a) On S

VE = 6

BE =  (3 bonding electrons) = 6

FC = 6 - 6 = 0

(b) On O:

VE = 6

BE = 2 LP(four electrons) + 2 bonding electrons = 6  

FC = 6 - 6 = 0

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Question  is Incomplete:

Given that S is the central atom, draw a Lewis structure of OSF4 in which the formal charges of all atoms are zero. Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include all lone pairs of electrons.

Option (c) is correct. Citrate and oxalate are usually added to embalming fluids to act as Preservatives.

A Preservative is defined as a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food products, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, wood, and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. preservation is implemented in two modes, chemical and physical. Chemical preservation entails adding chemical compounds to the product. Physical preservation involves the processes such as refrigeration or drying. Preservatives are of various types that are suited to certain products and are effective against specific chemical changes.

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Every item in motion contains kinetic energy, which is equal to 1 / 2 mv 2, where m is the object's mass and v is its speed. The electromagnetics equation is (6 10 - 19 C).

Electron velocity (V) = 1/(mqv2) An electron's energy is 0 while it is infinitely far from the nucleus, but as it approaches closer, it is bounded from the nucleus and its energy changes to negative. Energy increases to a bigger negative value as the distance decreases because it is inversely proportional to equation. The speed of an electron in the ground state of a hydrogen atom is 1 137 times faster than the speed of light.

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The potential of the cell helps to evaluate the voltage difference between two half-cells.

Changing the concentration of one solution in the cell will increase the voltage potential of the cell because putting the system further out of equilibrium.

A chemical reaction is affected by three main variables mainly temperature, surface area, and concentration. In an electrochemical cell, the higher concentration allows the increase in voltage difference.

The higher concentration of reactant moves the reaction in the forward direction to react at a higher pace, and as a result, higher voltage is observed.

A concentration cell acts to dilute the more concentrated solution and concentrate the more dilute solution, creating a voltage as the cell reaches an equilibrium.

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This is because their biosynthesis involves acetyl-CoA, a coenzyme with two carbon groups.

Due to the mechanism of synthesis, most fatty acids have an even number of carbons, but odd carbon chains can occur. The double bonds between carbons can produce even more diversity. Fatty acids are usually composed of two carbon molecules, so they have an even number of carbon atoms.

Fatty acids differ in the number of carbon atoms they contain and the number of carbon-carbon double bonds. Most fatty acids are unbranched and contain an even number of carbon atoms. Unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point than saturated fatty acids with the same number of carbon atoms.

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The relative melting points for each of the solids, and rank them in decreasing order Graphite> sodium chloride> solid ammonia.

More energy is required to overcome them the strong the forces of interaction between the particles are. The melting point rises with increasing energy demand. Thus, a crystalline solid's melting temperature serves as a barometer for stability of it's own lattice.

A solid's freezing temperature is a physical characteristic that can be used to identify a substance. In reality, a solid typically melts across a wide temperature range as opposed to at a single, set temperature. For this reason, speaking of a range of melting point is more useful.

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The concentration of acid in the original solution is equal to (80/ (xxx + 80)) * (1/1y1y).

Concentration is the ability to focus one's attention on a particular task or activity. It involves the ability to block out distractions and other stimuli in order to concentrate on the task at hand. Concentration requires mental effort and discipline, and it is an essential skill for success in many areas of life. It is particularly important in education, as it helps students to stay focused and retain information. Concentration can also be beneficial for athletes, allowing them to stay focused and in the zone during competition. Finally, it is important for anyone attempting to achieve any sort of goal, as it helps to stay focused and motivated in order to reach that goal.

The concentration of acid in the original solution can be calculated using the following formula:
Concentration = (Mass of Acid/Total Volume of Solution)
Given that 80g of acid was added to the solution, and the resulting concentration of acid is 1y1y times stronger, we can calculate the initial concentration of acid.
Original Concentration = (80 g/80 g + xxx g) * (1/1y1y)
Original Concentration = (80 g/ (80 + xxx)) * (1/1y1y)
Original Concentration = (80/ (80 + xxx)) * (1/1y1y)
Original Concentration = (80/ (xxx + 80)) * (1/1y1y)
Therefore, the concentration of acid in the original solution is equal to (80/ (xxx + 80)) * (1/1y1y).

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An electrolytic cell holding molten mgcl2 is subjected to a continuous current of 0.912 a for 22.5 hours mg is generated

the act of calculating,

electrolytic cell holding molten mgcl2

0.912 A is the constant current (I).

time (t) = 22.5 hours = 81,000 seconds

Mg's molar mass is 24.31 g/mol.

in which there were electrons in reaction 2

Mass (w) is calculated as (molar mass (I) / t / nF =

(w) = 24.31 g/mol, 0.912 A, 81000 sec/2, 96500, and 9.35 gram.

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Kinetic energy directly proportional to the speed and/or the masses of a raised object.

An item possesses kinetic energy when it is in motion. Applying force is necessary if we wish to accelerate an item. We must put forth effort in order to apply a force. Once the job is finished, energy is transferred to the item, which then moves at a new, constant speed.

The amount of kinetic energy that is transmitted is determined by the mass and speed attained. The relationship between kinetic energy and an object's mass and squared velocity is given by K.E. = 1/2 mv².

Thus, Kinetic energy directly proportional to the speed and/or the masses of a raised object.

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Answer:The rate law and the equilibrium constant are two ways to describe the relationship between the concentrations of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

The rate law is an equation that describes how the rate of a chemical reaction depends on the concentrations of the reactants. It is typically expressed in the form rate = k[A]^m[B]^n, where k is the rate constant, [A] and [B] are the concentrations of the reactants, and m and n are the exponents that describe how the rate of the reaction changes with the concentration of the reactants. The rate law can be used to predict how the rate of a reaction will change if the concentrations of the reactants are changed.

The equilibrium constant (K) is a value that describes the relative concentrations of the reactants and products at equilibrium, the point at which the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. The equilibrium constant is typically expressed in the form K = [C]^c[D]^d / [A]^a[B]^b, where [C] and [D] are the concentrations of the products and [A] and [B] are the concentrations of the reactants. The exponents a, b, c, and d are the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and products in the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. The value of the equilibrium constant can be used to predict the direction in which a reaction will shift if the concentrations of the reactants and products are changed.

Explanation:

An atom is a complicated configuration of negatively charged electrons grouped around a positively charged nucleus in certain shells. The majority of the atom's mass is concentrated in this nucleus.

In Thomson's "plum pudding" atom model, a positively charged "soup" was surrounded by negatively charged electrons. The majority of an atom is empty space, with a small, dense, positively-charged nucleus, as demonstrated by Rutherford's gold foil experiment. Rutherford postulated the nuclear model of the atom in light of these findings.

Protons, neutrons, and electrons are the three fundamental building pieces that make up an atom in any element. In the grand scheme of things at the subatomic level, protons are positively charged particles while neutrons are uncharged particles.

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a glass vessel fitted with a stopcock has a mass of 337.428g when evacuated completely. when filled with ar, it has a mass of 339.854g. when evacuated and refilled with a mixture of ne and ar.  the mole fraction of ne in the mixture is 64,8%

You filled the first run with m = 339.854g - 337.428g = 2.426g of pure Argon. which is equivalent to N = m / M(Ar) = 2.426g / 39.948g/mol = 0.06073 mol. Assume the gas in the vessel behaves perfectly. The amount in the vessel is then given by: N = pV / (RT) and is independent of the type of gas. If you fill the vessel with the same mixture of N(Ne) moles of Neon and N(Ar) moles of Argon as in the first run, the total number of moles will be the same: N = 0.06073 mol N(Ne) + N(Ar) = N. The total mass of gas is calculated as: N(Ne) M(Ne) + N(Ar) M(Ar) = m', which is measured as: m' = 339.07g - 337.428g = 1.648g. Next, initiate the mole fraction of Neon x(Ne) = N(Ne)/N from the simple equation for the number of moles: N(Ar)/N = 1 - x(Ar) (Ne). Divide the mass equation by N to get: x(Ne) M(Ne) + (1-x(Ne)) M(Ar) = m'/N. As a result, the mole fraction of Neon is calculated as follows: x(Ne) = (M(Ar) - m'/N) = (M(Ar) - M(Ne)) = (39.948g/mol - 1.648g/0.0607mol) / (39.948g/mol - 20.1797g/mol) = 64,8%.

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irradiation of quartz that contains traces of aluminum will produce cairngorm

To produce the morion variety of peaty quartz, any quartz can be irradiated. Furthermore, when exposed to 0.5 to 1.5 mrd of ores 60, gamma, X-ray, or electron radiation, all quartz would then turn a blackish or brownish colour. However, this will not result in uniform colour. Irradiated smoky quartz does not present any radiation risk. Irradiating a crystal causes some energy to accumulate in the crystalline structure, which can change the optical characteristics, most notably the colour. For centuries, gem nutrients have indeed been prized and sought after. If they are transparent, they can be segmented and refined to create attractive stones to be used in jewellery and other ornamental purposes

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1.5 moles of Al₂O₃ is produced from the reaction of 3.0 mol Al with 2.0 mol Fe₂O₃.

In chemistry, a mole, also spelled mol, is a standard scientific unit for measuring large amounts of very small entities such as atoms, molecules, or other specified particles.

The mole denotes a massive amount of units, 6.02214076 10²³. Since May 20, 2019, the General Conference on Weights and Measures has defined the mole as this number for the International System of Units (SI).

Previously, the mole was defined as the number of atoms found in 12 grammes of carbon-12 as determined experimentally. In honour of the Italian physicist Amedeo Avogadro, the number of units in a mole is also known as Avogadro's number, or Avogadro's constant (1776–1856).

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As a result, the answer we have is 1.5 moles of l 203, and this is it. The reaction results in a significant quantity of al2o3.

What are chemical changes exactly?

The conversion of one or more chemicals, known as chemical components, into one or more new compounds, known as byproducts, is referred to as a reaction mechanism. Substances are composed of chemical elements or compounds.

How do chemical reactions happen?

When atoms' chemical bonds are established or ruptured, chemical processes take place. The materials that initiate a chemical reaction are termed as reactants, while the materials created as a result of the reaction are known as products.

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Answer:

It is not possible to accurately determine whether the system or the surroundings performs work in a chemical reaction without more information about the specific reaction and the conditions under which it occurs.

In general, the work done in a chemical reaction can be affected by several factors, including the pressure, volume, and temperature of the system, as well as the nature of the reactants and products. Some reactions may result in the system doing work on the surroundings, such as when gases expand and do work on their surroundings by pushing against a piston or other external object. Other reactions may result in the surroundings doing work on the system, such as when gases are compressed and their surroundings do work on them. Still other reactions may result in essentially no work being performed, such as when the reactants and products are in equilibrium or when the volume of the system remains constant.

Without more information about the specific reaction in question, it is not possible to accurately determine whether the system or the surroundings performs work.

The half-lives that have occurred if a radiometric analysis of an isotope and its stable element yielded 50% is 1. Hence, the option E is correct.

The half-life of a chemical reaction can be described as the time taken for the concentration of a given reactant to reach 50% of its initial concentration (i.e. the time taken for the reactant concentration to reach half of its initial value). Half-live of a reaction is denoted by the symbol 't(1/2)' and is usually expressed in seconds.

Radiometric analysis is one of the oldest methods used for the quantitation of drug molecules. Radiometric analysis generally involves quantitation of radiation from beta-emitting radioactive isotopes such as ¹⁴C, ³H or ³²P.

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The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the amount of time it takes for half of the atoms in a sample to decay.

A radioactive isotope is an unstable form of an element that emits radiation as it decays. It is produced when a neutron is added to the nucleus of an atom, making it unstable and prone to radioactive decay. Radioactive isotopes are used in a variety of medical, scientific and industrial applications. In medicine, they are used to diagnose and treat diseases, while in industry they are used to detect flaws in materials. In scientific research, they are used to measure age and composition of materials.

Therefore, the half-life of this isotope is 12.75 years, since it takes 5.4 percent of the atoms in a sample to decay per year. This means that if we start with a sample of 100 atoms, after 12.75 years, only 50 atoms would remain in the sample. After 25.5 years, only 25 atoms would remain, and so on. This can be calculated by taking the natural log of 2 and dividing it by the decay rate of the isotope, which in this case is 5.4%.

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Answer: The correct answer is 4.956 * 10^7.

Explanation:

For Electrostatic force,

Given qA =1.2 × 10∧-6 C (Since 1 micron = 10∧-6)

qB=0.92 ×10∧-6 C Since 1 micron = 10∧-6)

r = 4.8m

Electrostatic force = (K×qA×qB)÷r∧2 where K is Coulomb's constant or electrostatic constant =8.98755×10∧9

Therefore Electrostatic energy =(8.98755×10∧9×1.2×0.92×10∧-12)÷4.8∧2

                                                   =0.00043065 N ················ eq1

Now for Gravitational force,

mA=2Kg ,mB=1.5Kg ,r=4.8m,G is Gravitational constant =6.67408 × 10-11 N m2 kg-2

Gravitational force=(G×mA×mB)÷r∧-2

                               =(6.67408 × 10-11 ×2×1.5)÷4.8∧-2

                                 =0.869021875 ×10∧-11 N...............eq2

Ratio of electric and gravitational force between ‘A’ and ‘B’ = eq1÷eq2

                                                                                 =49555714.5785

Electrostatic force occurs due to interaction either between like charges that is either between positive-positive or negative negative charges or between unlike charges like positive-negative. Its strength  depends on the charges and the distance between the charges which decreases as the distance increases.

Gravitational  force occurs due to the fact every particle attracts each and every other particle in the universe. Its strength  depends on the mass  and the distance between the particles which decreases as the distance increases.

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A reaction between an acid and a base occurs when vinegar and baking soda are combined. Baking soda serves as the base, and vinegar is the acid. A gas known as carbon dioxide bubbles and foams as a result of this reaction between the two. Because there is nowhere else for this gas, it expands the balloon, resulting in the self-inflating balloon.

SCIENCE: Carbon dioxide is a gas produced when baking soda and vinegar are combined. The gas starts to extend in the jug and begins to expand the inflatable. The balloon will expand in size the more gas produced.

Because their particles travel at high speeds in all directions, gases expand quickly. Since the carbon dioxide gas has nowhere else to go, it begins to fill the balloon as it fills the bottle. The balloon expands as the carbon dioxide gas fills it.

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18.3 g of solid precipitate formed during the reaction.

Formula of lead(ii) perchlorate = [tex]Pb(ClO4)_{2}[/tex]

Formula of  sodium sulfate = [tex]Na_2(SO_4)[/tex]

Reaction of lead(ii) perchlorate and sodium sulfate

[tex]Pb(ClO4)_{2}[/tex] + [tex]Na_2(SO_4)[/tex]    ---------->  [tex]PbSO_4(s)[/tex]    + [tex]2Na(ClO4)_{2}[/tex]

moles of  [tex]Pb(ClO4)_{2}[/tex]  =  [tex]\frac{given mass}{ Molar mass}[/tex]

molar mass of [tex]Pb(ClO4)_{2}[/tex] =207+(35.5+ 16*4)*2

molar mass of [tex]Pb(ClO4)_{2}[/tex] =207+ 99.5*2

molar mass of [tex]Pb(ClO4)_{2}[/tex] =406

given mass = 33.17g

moles of  [tex]Pb(ClO4)_{2}[/tex]  =  [tex]\frac{given mass}{ Molar mass}[/tex]    

moles of  [tex]Pb(ClO4)_{2}[/tex] =  [tex]\frac{33.17}{406}[/tex]  

moles of  [tex]Pb(ClO4)_{2}[/tex] = 0.0817 moles

molar mass of [tex]Na_2(SO_4)[/tex]  = 2*23+ 32+ 4*16

molar mass of [tex]Na_2(SO_4)[/tex]  = 46+32+64

molar mass of [tex]Na_2(SO_4)[/tex]  = 142

moles of      [tex]Na_2(SO_4)[/tex]  =      [tex]\frac{given mass}{ Molar mass}[/tex]    

moles of      [tex]Na_2(SO_4)[/tex] = [tex]\frac{8.564}{142}[/tex]  

moles of      [tex]Na_2(SO_4)[/tex] = 0.0603 moles

since in the above reaction [tex]Pb(ClO4)_{2}[/tex] is the solid precipitate so we have to find the weight of [tex]PbSO_4(s)[/tex] formed after the reaction.

Given that the reaction is complete so one of the 2 reactant must completely ends since [tex]Na_2(SO_4)[/tex] have less number of moles than [tex]Pb(ClO4)_{2}[/tex]  so , [tex]Na_2(SO_4)[/tex] will disappear and hence according to Stoichiometry  same number of moles of [tex]PbSO_4(s)[/tex] will form

so number of moles of [tex]PbSO_4(s)[/tex] formed = 0.0603

so, the weight of [tex]PbSO_4(s)[/tex] formed = number of moles formed * molar mass of [tex]PbSO_4(s)[/tex]

so weight of [tex]PbSO_4(s)[/tex] formed  =0.0603 * 303

weight of [tex]PbSO_4(s)[/tex] formed= 18.27 g ≈ 18.3 g

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The amount of energy required is 319kJ mol ⁻¹.

Wavelength is the distance between identical points in adjacent cycles of a waveform signal propagating in space or along a wire. In wireless systems, this length is usually expressed in meters, centimeters, or millimeters. Wavelength is the distance between two wave crests and the same for wave troughs.

Wavelength can be defined as the distance between two consecutive peaks or valleys. Measured in the direction of the wave. Wavelength is the distance between two wave crests and the same for wave troughs. Frequency is the number of oscillations that pass through a particular point in one second, measured in cycles per second.

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The option that shows a physical change would be a cube of aluminum metal being flattened to create aluminum foil. Option C.

In chemistry, physical changes refer to reactions that only alter the physical properties of substances and not their chemical properties.

It is opposed to chemical changes which are changes that alter the chemical properties of substances, often along with their physical properties.

The changes to the color of a liquid when another liquid is added is a chemical change because the original color may not be recoverable.

The combination of two clear liquids resulting in a cloudy solution is a chemical change. So also is the combination of two clear liquids resulting in the beaker becoming hot.

The only physical change is the flattening of an aluminum cube to create aluminum foil. The chemical properties of the aluminum remain intact.

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The amount of sample left after 3.40 hours will be 338 mg.

T= Half life x log (m./m)/log(2)

You could use this formula:

Where Th = half-life.

M. = the  beginning mount

M = the ending amount

T= 3.40 hours

Half life = 2.4463.3 min

M.= 0.589g

m= ?

Then plug the number into the given equation:

T=  2.4463 x log(0.589 /m)/log(2)

T= 2.4463 x log (0.589/m) /log(2)

T= 2.4463× -0.22/ log m× 0.3

3.4× 60 = 2.4463× log m ×0.3

log m= 3.4× 60/ 2.4463 ×0.3

log m=  279.4

m= 2.511 g = 251mg

So the amount left after  the 3.40 hours will be = 589- 251 mg = 338 mg of the sample.

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Answer: Soil

Explanation:

Wind, rain, water, and glaciers are all agents of weathering because they can erode materials. Even though Glaciers need certain conditions they can still do damage to the surface of the earth. While soil is what gets eroded or sometimes is the product of erosion occurring.

The gooey substance which made up of cornstarch and water is the oobleck. It gets it name from Dr. Seuss

Oobleck is a non-newtonian fluid. Oobleck is a suspension, or a substance that has both solid and fluid-like properties. These substances are categorized as non-Newtonian fluids as well. A Newtonian fluid, like water or gasoline, has a constant viscosity. A non-Newtonian fluid's viscosity changes, as you might expect. Examples include oobleck, ketchup, and silly putty.

In his law of viscosity, Sir Isaac Newton described Newtonian fluids. In conclusion, he discovered that Newtonian fluids have a constant viscosity/flow and that changes in temperature or pressure only cause these fluids' flow behavior to vary. This kind of fluid is not affected by stress.

Water is a good example. Its viscosity is affected by temperature. It becomes a solid at 0 degrees Celsius and a gas at 100 degrees Celsius, but between those two points, it behaves normally and maintains a constant viscosity. Applying stress does not change the viscosity of water.

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There are two terms that are related to measurements, one is accuracy and other is precision. Therefore, Group A makes the most accurate measurements of the object. The correct option is option D.

The capacity of an instrument to measure an exact number is known as accuracy. In other words, it refers to how closely the measured value resembles a reference or genuine value.

Small readings can be taken to determine accuracy. The modest reading decreases the calculation's inaccuracy. Group A makes the most accurate measurements of the object.

Therefore, Group A makes the most accurate measurements of the object. The correct option is option D.

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The study of the atom contribute to our understanding of the periodic table of the elements by providing information about the structure of the atom and the arrangement of the elements.

This study reveals how the elements are arranged.

Understanding atoms let scientists learn more about the building blocks of elements, which helped organize the periodic table. Scientists were able to organize the periodic table using the atomic weights and atomic numbers obtained from experiments that revealed the properties of individual atoms. Which is a system of categorizing the elements based on their atomic qualities, by comprehending the structure of the atom and the arrangement of the components.

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At 25 K temperature, 0.950 moles of oxygen gas occupy 7.50 l and exert 2.60 atm of pressure.

Ideal gas law will be used to calculate the temperature -

PV = nRT, where Pis pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles, R is gas constant and T is temperature. The value of gas constant to be used in the formula is 0.082 L atm/mol/K

Temperature = (2.60×7.5)/(0.082×0.95)

Performing multiplication in both numerator and denominator on Right Hand Side of the equation

Temperature = 19.5/0.78

Performing division on Right Hand Side of the equation

Temperature = 25 K

Thus, the temperature of oxygen gas is 25 K.

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There are approximately 0.975 phosphorus atoms in 0.325 moles of sodium tripolyphosphate.

A phosphorus atom is a type of atom that is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. It is one of the chemical elements and is represented by the symbol "P" on the periodic table. Phosphorus is a member of the nitrogen group and is a nonmetal. It is a highly reactive element and is found in several different forms, including white phosphorus, red phosphorus, and black phosphorus.

To calculate the number of phosphorus atoms in 0.325 moles of sodium tripolyphosphate, you need to know the formula for the compound. The formula for sodium tripolyphosphate is Na5P3O10.

Each molecule of sodium tripolyphosphate contains 3 phosphorus atoms. To find the number of phosphorus atoms in 0.325 moles of the compound, you need to multiply the number of phosphorus atoms per mole (3) by the number of moles you have (0.325).

The number of phosphorus atoms in 0.325 moles of sodium tripolyphosphate is:

3 phosphorus atoms/mole * 0.325 moles = 0.975 phosphorus atoms

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Atomic radius decreases because the effective nuclear charge increases. Option C

We know that the atomic radius can be defined as the measured distance between the nucleus and the electrons that lies far outside in  the outermost shell of the atom.

We know that the atomic radius is one of the periodic properties that we have in the atom. It is a periodic property that decereases across the period but increases adown the group.

As we add more protons to the nucleus of the atom, the attractive forces would increase and the atomic radius would now tend to decrease across the period for the atoms of elements.

Thus, the greater the effective nuclear charge that we have in the atom, the lesser the atomic radius of the atom.

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