Answer:
TNF-alpha is expressed as a homotrimer that exerts its activities through binding to two types of receptors: TNFR1 and TNFR2, which are transmembrane glycoproteins characterized by having an extracellular domain with 4 cysteine-rich domains (CRD 1-4) , each with 3 cysteinecysteine disulfide bonds.
Explanation:
TNF-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor), which has the characteristic of being a paracrine signaling ligand, is a pleiotropic cytokine that functions as a mediator of immune regulation, the inflammatory response and apoptosis in some cell types. Receptors in this family are involved, with some exceptions, in juxtacrine signaling; that is, both the ligand and the receptor are membrane proteins with extracellular domains through which signaling is established. The cellular responses promoted by TNF are initiated by its interaction with two different types of cell receptors, the type I receptor (55 kDa) and the type II receptor (75 kDa). Both types of receptors are part of the TNF receptor family, members of which include Fas antigen (apoptosis inducer, also called Apo-1 or CD95), CD27 (T-cell activation antigen), CD30 (lymphoma marker Hodgkin) and CD40 (B-cell antigen), which share the characteristic of cysteine-rich sequences in their extracellular domains. This family of cytokines generate cellular responses that include differentiation, proliferation, activation of NFκB and cell death, promoting the aggregation of receptor monomers, that is, they have a transmembrane domain that participates in the solubilization of the receptor and a domain of intracellular death that is involved in signal transduction. The binding of TNF to TNF-R1 induces a signaling cascade through its intracellular death domain, which subsequently leads to the activation of complex I (or inflammatory) of NFkB and proceeds to the transcription of anti-apoptotic genes, pro- inflammatory diseases and apoptosis complex II (caspases).
It was the big day; Lance had been training for months in anticipation of the annual “Dasher Twenty-Six-Two.” As he laced up his sneakers, he thought back to the endless grind of aerobic training he had accomplished. Hour after hour of lung-burning, quad frying jogging on pavement and dirty. He was ready mentally and physically, plus he had a secret weapon ready to go. Lance had been experimenting in the use of a thick, sugar saturated gel-nutrition to supplement his running. He anticipated finishing just before the three-hour mark and he planned to eat his special goo around hour two for a much-needed energy boost. The goo solution was a mixture of maltose, sucrose, and glucose, as well as some salt. Water would be available on the course every few miles and with his nutrition plan set he found his way to the line. *BOOM*
The start gun leaked smoke as wave after wave of runner set off. Miles started flowing by… five miles feeling good… Mile thirteen halfway there! Just as the two-hour mark was upon him, Lance pulled the gel from his pocket and slurped the gooey syrup down. Mile fifteen Phew, heavy legs… Mile eighteen Legs are burning but I got it… then came a hit of fatigue.
He had read about this before. The dreaded bonk. Bonking was said to be the final drips of glycogen being removed from the muscle’s cells, with an accompanying burn suggesting rapid production of lactate. It also meant he had spent the last two hours less aerobic than he thought. Making it to mile twenty-two, Lance noticed his heart rate ten-beats over his planned pace. His breath was getting harsher, his legs getting weaker. The mile twenty-four marker went by and he was down to nearly a walk, lips dry and stomach lurching. The last half mile was a blur as Lance crossed the line his raised arms quickly fell, and so did he, right into a chair near the finish line.
Discuss the necessity of Lance’s training to prepare for his ability to fuel a marathon with specific reference to the major organ systems involved and their purpose. Identify the needed reactants and excreted products Lance utilized during his ongoing respiring, with specific reference to where each is created or used. Finally, predict the influence of his experimental goo and suggest advantages and disadvantages to its use, as well as better use with reference to time and impact on the ability to enter and circulate to where it would be needed
If someone answers this I will believe in humanity again
The image illustrates a sustainable method of providing transportation for
people in a society. How does this method compare with having many
gasoline-powered vehicles, each with only one occupant?
A. It conserves more fossil fuels.
B. It uses the same amount of fuel per person.
C. It uses more expensive fuel per person.
D. It uses more fossil fuels per person
Answer: A. It conserves more fossil fuels
Explanation:
This approach saves more fossil fuels than using lots of gasoline-powered cars, each with just one occupant. So, the correct option is A.
What are Fossil fuels?A fossil fuel is a hydrocarbon-containing substance that is recovered and used as fuel that naturally forms in the Earth's crust from the remains of dead organisms and plants. Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas. Fossil fuels can be burned to produce energy, drive engines, or provide heat for immediate use.
A general name encompassing non-renewable energy sources such crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas, derived gas, coal, coal products, and non-renewable wastes is "fossil fuel." These fuels are made from ancient geologically-dated plants and animals (for example, millions of years ago). Compared to using many single-occupant gasoline-powered cars, the method conserves more fossil fuels.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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pleaseee help ASAPPP
hypothesis on what is the effect of the genes of the parental mice on the fur color of the offspring mice? use "If...then...format
Answer:
If the GENES of the parental mice encodes for a black fur, THEN the FUR COLOR of one of the offspring mice will be black.
Explanation:
Hypothesis is one of the steps used in the scientific method. It is a testable explanation of a given question or observation. Hypothesis in an experiment must be subjected to testing via experimentation in order to determine whether to reject it or not.
Hypothesis is usually constructed in the IF, THEN format. It tells us how the independent variable (cause) affects the dependent variable (outcome). In this case, a question is asked this: "what is the effect of the genes of the parental mice on the fur color of the offspring mice?"
A possible hypothesis will be: If the GENES of the parental mice encodes a black fur, THEN the FUR COLOR of one of the offspring mice will be black.
Answer:
A. If either parent mouse passes a dominant allele, the offspring will have black fur.
Explanation:
Either option is correct because it didn't show any green check. It determines on what hypothesis you wrote. I chose A because it relates to my statement. <33
Classical biotechnology begins around 1800,
O True
False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Morphine 4mg IV push is ordered. The vial states 10mg/mL. How many mL will you give?
Answer:
If a vial of morphine has 10 mg/mL, and a dose of 4 mg is required to be administered intravenously, 04 mL must be administered to fulfill the indication.
Explanation:
Morphine is a drug, an opioid derivative, with a potent analgesic and sedative effect. Its use is intended for acute or chronic severe pain, mainly related to cardiovascular disease, cancer or severe trauma.
One vial of morphine vial has a concentration of 10 mg/mL, so if 4 mg is required, a simple calculation must be made:
Morphine: 10 mg ------------ 1 mL
Dose: 4 mg ------------ X
X = (4 x 1)/ 10
X = 4/10
X = 0.4 mL
To administer 4 mg of intravenous morphine, 0.4 mL of the injection should be used.
Which of the following reactions produces the oxygen released by photosynthesis?
Answer:
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2+Energy
Explanation:
This means that the reactants, six carbon dioxide molecules, and six water molecules, are converted by light energy captured by chlorophyll (implied by the arrow) into a sugar molecule and six oxygen molecules, the products.
I need help with this question
19. Which of the following is the best strategy to control wheat rust?
O A. Invasive insect species to attack rust
B. Fungicides to treat affected crops and planting rust-resistant varieties
C. Citrus greening to prevent the spread of rust
O D. Insulation using green roofs to limit rust
Answer:
B. Fungicides to treat affected crops and planting rust-resistant varieties
Explanation:
Leaf rust is a disease caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina which affects leaves, stems and grains in wheat and related cereals (i.e., barley and rye). This disease is known to affect crops in moist conditions. Leaf rust disease is spread through fungi spores from infected wheat plants to healthy plants. Recently, leaf rust-resistant varieties have been developed by crop improvement programs aimed at introducing leaf rust-resistant (lr) genes involved in resistance against this important crop disease. Moreover, there are different types of fungicides (e.g., Prothioconazole and Tebuconazole) used for chemical control of this disease.
Why does plastic flow only occur below 50 meters of ice?
A. It is cold enough below that much ice to cause plastic flow.
B. Basal slip only occurs at depths below 50 meters.
C. Fifty meters of ice can block enough sun to cause plastic flow.
D. It takes the weight of that much ice to cause the plastic flow.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
it takes the weight of that much ice to cause the plastic to flow.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
What limits the growth of phytoplankton?
Answer:
phosphorus has been considered to be the primary nutrient limiting phytoplankton growth in freshwater ecosystems
Explanation:
Help. It is due today
Answer: B
Explanation: tadpoles lack limbs and possess longtails, adult frogs on the other hand have two hind limbs and two fore limbs
PLZ ASAP
A scientist is using a microscope to observe a type of
bacteria.
Which two structures would the scientist most likely see?PLEASE EXPLAIN WHY
A:nucleus and DNA
B:DNA and cell wall
C:cell wall and vacuole
D:vacuole and nucleus
Answer:
The two structures most likely to be observed by the scientist when looking at a type of bacteria under the microscope are cell wall and vacuole (option C).
Explanation:
Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that lack a nucleus, most of the organelles, and whose DNA is dispersed in the cytoplasm. Some types of bacteria have a plasma membrane surrounded by a cell wall, and may be equipped with vacuoles to perform their functions.
It is very likely that two structures that are most likely to be differentiated when a type of bacteria is observed under the microscope are the cell wall and the vacuole, according with information above.
The other options are not correct because:
A and D. Bacteria lack a nucleus.
A and B. Bacterial DNA is dispersed in the cytoplasm and is very difficult to observe under the microscope.
Answer:
cell wall vacuole
Explanation:
A common question you'll need to answer is "What is the relationship between the independent
variable) and (the dependent variable)?" In other words, as you change the variable that you're
testing, what is the outcome?
- So in this case, what is the relationship between time and the diameter of the trees?
HELP PLZZZZZ
Answer:
viton
Explanation:
viton
4. Watson and Crick made a successful model of DNA based on
Rosalind Franklin's X-ray studies. This indicated that
DNA was
A. a triple helix with intertwined bases.
B. a double helix with bases outside the helix.
a. a double helix with bases inside the helix.
D. a single linear molecule of bases held together by
sugar-phosphate bonds.
Answer:
The right answer is the third statement.
--> A double helix with bases inside the helix.
This indicated that DNA was a double helix, with bases inside the helix. The correct option is c.
What is Watson and Crick's DNA model?Watson and Crick theorized that DNA is a double helix made up of two long helical strands twisted together.
In "Genetic Implications," Watson and Crick postulate that the replication of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, may have a structural foundation. Scientists had just recently concluded that DNA contained genes, which were known to contain information that dictated an organism's identity when Watson and Crick proposed their theory of DNA replication.
In their model, each DNA strand was made up of discrete elements called bases, and the bases on one DNA strand matched the bases on the other.
Therefore, the correct option is c. a double helix with bases inside the helix.
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Plants, algae in some bacteria use the energy of sunlight in the process of what
Answer: Photosynthesis
Explanation: takes in the carbon dioxide produced by all breathing organisms and reintroduces oxygen into the atmosphere. Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight and turn it into chemical energy.
Answer:
photosynthesis
Explanation:
hope it helps. if you need an explanation on what that is let me know!
The baker mixed yeast in the dough and kept it away for the night , The next morning it had risen high up , Explain how this happened
Explanation:
Maybe this can help.
In bread making (or special yeasted cakes), the yeast organisms expel carbon dioxide as they feed off of sugars. As the dough rises and proofs, carbon dioxide is formed; this is why the dough volume increases.
PLSSS HELP! Geologists use rock samples and_________evidence to prove what Earth's ______
is like.
Answer:
geologists use rock samples and direct evidence to prove what earth's structure is like.
Explanation:
how does a beneficial trait increases an organism's survival and potential reproductive success.
Answer:
This cumbersome trait significantly decreases the male's chances of survival. ... natural selection: that is, that organisms better adapted to their environment would benefit from ... the individual's reproductive success, even at the expense of their survival (Darwin 1871). ... A successful male can potentially sire many offspring.
Explanation:
The beneficial trait increase the survival and potential reproductive success of the organism as they help organism to thrive in their unfavorable changing environment.
Natural selectionThe natural selection can be defined as the differential survival and reproduction of those organisms which have beneficial traits over others.For example, the color change in chameleon helps them to remain undetected from predator population as well as from prey so it helps in increase in rate of survival of chameleon also helps them to reproduce and increase in number.Hence, beneficial traits increase the rate of survival and reproduction of organisms.
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In which area of the cell does the interaction between codon and anti codon occur?
Answer:
This occurs at the 3′ end position which sits on an mRNA, while a distinct tRNA anticodon triplet sequence matches a three complementary base pair mRNA codon sequence to guide appropriate amino acid into place at a ribosome activation site to form a polypeptide or protein.
The interaction between codon and anti-codon is occurs at the 3′ end position which sits on an mRNA.
What are the functions of mRNA?Messenger ribonucleic acid is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein.
The role of mRNA is to carry protein information from the DNA in a cell's nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm (watery interior), where the protein-making machinery reads the mRNA sequence and translates each three-base codon into its corresponding amino acid.
Found in all cells, messenger ribonucleic acid, or mRNA, is a single-stranded molecule. It is responsible for transferring genetic information from DNA, found in the nucleus of the cell, to ribosomes floating in the cell's cytoplasm.
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Mistakes are sometimes made in duplicating or transmitting genetic information. These mistakes are called
Answer:
Mutation
Explanation:
Mutation is any alteration or change in the genetic sequence of a gene caused by mutagens (substances) or mistakes during replication of genetic sequences.
A mutation occurs in the gene from time to time, although, the cell has protocols in place to put them under control if they occur. However, when DNA or a gene is being copied and transferred to offsprings, there is bound for mistakes called MUTATION to occur.
Where do these reactants enter the leaf? (be very specific)
Water (H2O) enters the plant through the…
Carbon dioxide (CO2) enters the leaf through the…
Light enters by hitting the leaf
Answer:
Explanation:
Eee
which part of the phospholipid is located on the
outside (exterior) of the cell membrane?
Answer:
Phospholipids and Biological Membranes
Based on the synthesis reaction what would the product of the reaction be? NaPO3+CuO
Answer: NaCuPO4
Explanation:
How does the hydrosphere affect the atmosphere?
Answer:
so when pure water vapor from the water bodies get absorbed into polluted gases in the atmosphere, acid rain is caused and when this happens in a place where an element of the hydrosphere is located, it is polluted.
Explanation:
An organism is currently using light energy to make food. Based on what you have learned, this organism will be best classified as
Answer:
This organism is best classified as an autotroph.
Explanation:
Autotrophs can make their own food.
______ in your DNA are responsible for determining the traits that are expressed in an organism
Answer:
Genes
Explanation:
explain how water properties help get water from the roots of plants to leaves
Answer:
In order for water to move through the plant from the soil to the air (a process called transpiration), soil must be > root > stem > leaf > atmosphere. ... Because of this difference in water potential, water will move from the soil into a plant's root cells via the process of osmosis.
Explanation:
You have adopted a gray mouse, which you know is a wild type phenotype. When crossed with a white mouse, your gray mouse has a first litter of 3 gray mice and 2 white mice. In the second litter, you observe 3 gray mice and 4 white mice. What is the probable genotype of your gray mouse
The theory of Copernicus contained six hypotheses:
The sun is at the ____ of the planets.
The Earth is ____ of the planets.
All the planets ____ around the sun.
Each planet revolves around the sun in its own ___ and at different ___.
The moon ___around the Earth.
The stars are___ part of the solar system.
(fill in the blanks)
Answer:
The sun is at the beginning of the planetThe earth is third of the planetsAll the planets orbit the sun Each planet revolves around the sun in its own direction and at different speed.The moon orbit around the earth.Answer:
The theory of Copernicus contained six hypotheses:
The sun is at the center of the planets.
The Earth is one of the planets.
All the planets orbit around the sun.
Each planet revolves around the sun in its own orbit and at different distances.
The moon orbits around the Earth.
The stars are not part of the solar system.
Explanation:
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