Reynolds Number = Inertial Force / Viscous Force L = length or diameter of the fluid
The ratio of viscous forces to inertial forces is known as the Reynolds number. A dimensionless number called the Reynolds number is used to group fluid systems where the influence of viscosity plays a significant role in regulating the velocities or the flow pattern of a fluid.
What is implied by the Reynolds number?
The fluid flow is classified as turbulent or laminar using the Reynolds number, abbreviated as Re. When a numerical model is chosen based on pre-calculated Reynolds numbers, it is one of the key regulating parameters in all viscous flows.
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Re = VD/ or Re = VD/v is the formula for the Reynolds Number, where "V" stands for fluid velocity, "D" for characteristic distance, "" for fluid density, "v" for kinematic viscosity, and "" for dynamic viscosity, all of which can be found in data tables.
What are Reynolds number?When a fluid experiences relative internal movement as a result of various fluid velocities, the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces is known as the Reynolds number. A boundary layer, such as the bounding surface inside a pipe, is an area where these forces affect how they behave. The ratio of inertial and viscous forces is measured by the Reynolds number, which aids in the prediction of flow patterns in various fluid flow scenarios. Laminar flow typically predominates in flows with low Reynolds numbers, while turbulent flow typically predominates in flows with high Reynolds numbers.Re = VD/ or Re = VD/v is the formula for the Reynolds Number, where "V" stands for fluid velocity, "D" for characteristic distance, "" for fluid density, "v" for kinematic viscosity, and "" for dynamic viscosity, all of which can be found in data tables.To learn more about Reynolds number refer to:
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observation that r2 and /?3 in effect are in parallel (because the ideal op amp forces a virtual ground at the inverting input terminal). use this observation to derive an expression for the gain (v()/vt) by first finding (vx/vz) and (v0/vx). for the latter use the voltage-divider rule applied to /?4 and (/?21| /?3)
Rx is the individual resistor across which the output voltage drop is being measured, and VRx is the voltage divider formula for a circuit with many resistors.
The distribution of the input voltage among the divider's parts produces voltage division. Two resistors linked in series with the input voltage applied across them and the output voltage emerging from the connection between them serve as a straightforward example of a voltage divider. The currents flowing through the resistors R1 and R2 are I1 and I2, respectively, while the voltage across each element is VS. At node P, the KCL equation will be. IS=I1+I2. Replace I1=VSR1 and I2=VSR2 in the equation above.
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for the following stress-strain curve, determine the following: a. the modulus of elasticity b. the stress where the linear stress-strain relationship ends, called the proportional limit c. the yield strength, taken at .002 strain offset the proportional limit d. the ultimate tensile strength e. the modulus of resistance
Answer:https://www.usna.edu/NAOE/_files/documents/Courses/EN380/Course_Notes/Ch10_Deformation.pdf
Explanation: This may help you
technician a says that vehicles with independent rear suspensions provide better handling than those with solid rear axles. technician b says that vehicles with independent rear suspensions generally have less unsprung weight. which technician is correct?
According to Tech B, non-drive axles are the only ones that use a semi-independent rear suspension. Technician B is accurate.
The geometrical positioning of steering linkages that enables the interior wheels of a turn to move in a different circle radius than the outside wheels. Cost and load-bearing are the two main downsides of a coil spring suspension. If the car already has coil springs, cost is less of a concern; however, retrofits can be very costly and time intensive. Due to lower unsprung weight and the capacity of each tire to address the road independently of the other wheel on the vehicle, independent suspension often provides better ride quality and handling qualities.
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4. A 1.5 kg turtle crawls in a straight line at a speed of 0.51 m/sec. What is the turtle's
momentum???
Answer: 0.765 m kg / s
Explanation:
Momentum = (mass) x (speed)
g what gauge pressure in pa is required at the water source that is required to supply this flow at the sprinkler?
A 1 meter tall vertical column of water exerts 9.8 kpa of static pressure. At the hose's nozzle outlet, you would need to apply 127kpa, or 13 times 9.8kpa, in order to move water 13 meters up a vertical axis.
A 1 meter tall vertical column of water exerts a static pressure of 9.8 kpa. You would need to put 127kpa - or 13 times 9.8kpa - at the hose's nozzle exit to move water 13 meters up a vertical axis.
The final sentence is crucial since it clarifies that this pressure is not what the pump or the mains require.
The length of the hose, friction inside the hose, any valves, or restriction nozzles all greatly limit the pressure between the supply/pump and the nozzle, which in turn affects the pressure required at the mains or the pump.
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negative impact of cellular base stations on public health
Cellular base stations have a negative effect on the physical environment because they can cause environmental pollution as well as radiation, which can discharge dangerous substances into the air and cause health problems including cancer and breathing issues.
What does the base station of the cellular network do?A base station is a telecommunications term for a fixed transceiver that acts as the central node for one or more wireless mobile client devices. The main point of connectivity for wireless devices is a base station.
Keep in mind that a base station is a device that transmits a wireless signal to a more compact handheld device using radio frequencies such as via a telephone line or the use of the Internet.
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IMPACT OF TRANSPORTATION INNOVATION ON SHAPING PATTERNS OF SETTLEMENT TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
The impact of transportation innovation on shaping patterns of settlement to economic development is that it is one that encourages relocation as well as leads to both internal and external trade, efficient use of natural resources and others.
How does improving transportation leads to economic development?Market competition is increased by a transportation network. Resource allocation, or the utilization of particular products and services, is a topic economists frequently research. The allocation process is enhanced by a transportation system because it gives suppliers and consumers more opportunities.
Note that Access to additional markets is facilitated by better transportation infrastructure, and since efficient transportation is less expensive, it is also used more frequently.
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a single crystal of a metal that has the fcc crystal structure is oriented such that a tensile stress is applied parallel to the [110] direction. if the critical resolved shear stress for this material is 1.75 mpa, calculate the magnitude(s) of applied stress(es) necessary to cause slip to occur on the (111) plane in each of the [110], [101], and [011] directions
For surfaces that are perpendicular to one direction, the stress magnitude is greatest, and for surfaces that are parallel to that direction, the stress magnitude is zero.
Stress is the applied force or system of forces that tends to deform a body from the viewpoint of loading. Stress is the internal distribution of forces within a body that balance and respond to the loads given to it from the viewpoint of what is happening inside a material. Stress is a measurement of how a substance reacts to external influences. It is merely a ratio of the material's cross sectional area to the external forces. Stress (S = R/A, where S is the stress) is the ratio of force to area.
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C++ question, programming fundamentals I
Hdjajdjsjejfjdjdjdjjdjdjd
The source term will affect all algebraic equations.
The statement "the source term will affect all algebraic equations" is definitely true.
What are Algebraic equations?Algebraic equations may be defined as the mathematical declaration through which two or more expressions are set with the intention of being equal to each other. It represents a set of variables that undergo algebraic operations.
According to the context of this question, the source term significantly contributes to the measure of the algebraic variables that are generally taken to the right-hand side and then entered into the corresponding row of the force vector.
Therefore, the statement "the source term will affect all algebraic equations" is definitely true.
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in a horizontal cylinder with diameter 4 cm. if the shear stress on the wall of the cylinder tau subscript 0 equals tau subscript w equals 50 space p a, what is the linear pressure drop g
A horizontal cylindrical segment is a section of a horizontal cylindrical tank that is partially filled with fluid and is defined by a single plane that is parallel to the cylinder's axis of symmetry.
What is the location of the horizontal cylinder?By first calculating the area, A, of a circular section and multiplying it by the length, l, you may determine the filled volume of a horizontal cylinder tank. The area of the circle, which is drawn in grey, is given by
A = (1/2)r2( - sin),
where = 2*arccos(m/r) and is a radian.
V(segment) is therefore equal to (1/2)r2( - sin)l.
Oblique Cylinder: An oblique cylinder is one in which one of the bases is sideways and the axis is not at a right angle to the base.
V=Bh or V=r2h is the formula for a cylinder's volume.
The cylinder measures 8 cm in diameter and 15 cm in height. The equation V=r2h should be changed to 8 for r and 15 for h.
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for a steel alloy it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 1-h duration will raise the carbon concentration to 0.38 wt% at a point 3.0 mm from the surface. estimate the time (in h) necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 6.1 mm position for an identical steel and at the same carburizing temperature. enter your answer in accordance to the question statement h
The time (in h) necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 6.1 mm position for an identical steel is 4 h.
As the carburizing heat treatment of 1-hour duration increases the carbon concentration to 0.38 wt% at a point 3.0 mm from the surface, the time necessary to achieve that same concentration for identical steel can be calculated as follows;
It is known that;
[tex]\frac{x_{1}^{2} }{Dt} = constant[/tex]
where x represents distance and t is time. As the carburizing temperature is constant, therefore D will also be constant;
[tex]\frac{x_{1}^{2} }{t} = constant[/tex]
Therefore;
[tex]\frac{x_{1}^{2} }{t_{1} } = \frac{x_{2}^{2} }{t_{2} }[/tex]
Now by substituting the given values, we can find the time required to achieve the same concentration as follows;
(3)² / 1 = (6.1)² / [tex]t_{2}[/tex]
9 = 37.21 / [tex]t_{2}[/tex]
9([tex]t_{2}[/tex]) = 37.21
[tex]t_{2}[/tex] = 37.21 / 9
[tex]t_{2}[/tex] = 4.13 hours ≈ 4 hours.
Therefore, the time necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 6.1 mm position for an identical steel is 4 hours.
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We can classify information systems in many different ways”. Describe two of the ways in which we can do the classification.?
We can classify information systems in many different ways like Operations support systems and Management Support Systems.
What are information systems?A system is an organized system of parts used to gather, store, and store information as well as to provide information, technology, and online mediums.
Operations support systems - The ultimate user enters data into an organization, which is transformed into digital products. A system like this is known as an operations support system.
Management Support Systems - An structured system of components, known as a system, is employed to collect, store, and provide information, software, and digital websites.
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assuming complementary inputs are available, the minimum number of transistors needed to realize a two input xor gate is:
Assuming complementary inputs are available, the minimum number of transistors needed to realize a two input xor gate is 4.
If two inputs work well together in the production process, they are said to be complements. Since the inputs are used in fixed proportions, if the price of one input lowers, more of it will be sought after, increasing the demand for the other input.
In this study, a model of anticompetitive exclusive contracts with complimentary inputs is built. A downstream company converts a variety of complementary inputs into finished goods. When complementary input providers hold a dominant position in a specific input market, upstream competition price within that market benefits both the downstream firm and the complementary inputs providers by driving up complementary input prices.
Thus, even when entry that is socially optimal is permitted, the downstream firm is unable to generate higher profits. Therefore, even in the absence of scale economies, downstream competition, and relationship-specific investment, the inefficient incumbent provider can prevent socially efficient entrance by employing exclusive contracts.
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Why are Airplanes fast enough to travel thru the air
Answer:
Airplanes have a small little jet on the back allowing them to get in the air but they have these big engines on the side allowing them to maintain their spot in the air
Explanation:
On a negatively grounded system, the
Jump Pack negative clamp should be
attached to the when engine starting.
Answer:
Explanation:
The positive (red) cable should be attached to the positive terminals on each battery. The negative (black) cable should have one end attached to the negative terminal of the dead battery, and one end grounded.
Start by connecting the positive (often red) clamps of the jumper cables to the positive terminals of your battery. These are often marked, but they can be hard to see. Be sure to look closely to ensure that you are connecting to the right portion of the battery.
Water is flowing into a conical vessel 15 cm deep and having a radius of 3.75 cm across the top. if the rate at which the water rises is 2cm/seconds, how fast is the water flowing into the conical vessel when the water is 4 cm deep?
The water is flowing into the conical vessel at a rate of 6.28 cm³/s
The formula for the volume of the conical vessel can be given as;
V = 1/3π(r²)h
Here h represents height and r represents radius.
As,
15/3.75 = h/r
Cross multiplying;
15r = 3.75h
r = 3.75h/15
So we can get the volume in terms of height as follows;
V = 1/3π(3.75h/15)²(h)
V = 1/3π(14.0625/225)h³
V = 14.0625πh³/675
As we have to find how fast the water is flowing in the conical vessel it can be represented as; dh/dt
Now
dV/dt = dV/dh × dh/dt
dv /dt = d/dt [14.0625πh³/675] = 14.0625π/675 (3h²) dh/dt
Substituting the values;
2 = 14.0625π/675 (3)(4²) dh/dt
2 = 3.14 dh/dt
dh/dt = 6.28 cm³/s
Hence, the water is flowing into the conical vessel at a rate of 6.28 cm³/s
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is used to indicate the centers of objects such as columns and fixtures.
Answer: Centerline
Explanation: The centerline can tell you where the center of a circle or an object is.
a single lug is designed having a radius of 0.375 inches, a width of 0.900 inches, a lug bore diameter of 0.375 inches, and a lug thickness of 0.250 inches. the lug is fabricated from a material with an ultimate strength of 35000 psi in the r-d direction, and ultimate strength of 29000 psi in the w-d direction (use curve
The connector-like components known as lugs are frequently utilized as structural supports for pin connections. Since weight and dimension constraints were largely unfettered in the past, the lug strength was overdesigned.
However, the tightening of these criteria has forced the use of conservative design techniques. This section outlines the static strength analysis processes for lugs and bushings that are evenly loaded, double shear joints, single shear joints, and joints that are subject to axial, transverse, or oblique loading. A portion that applies to lugs constructed from materials with ultimate elongations of at least 5% in any direction in the plane of the lug is also included in the list. Also provided are modifications for lugs with less than 5% elongation. A brief section on the strains caused by press fit bushings is also included.
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problem 3 (25 points). in the design of a civil jet transport, such as the boeing 777links to an external site., the choice of engine size is usually based on having a 300 feet per minute rate-of-climb capability at the top of climb to cruising altitude. this is a safety margin. assume the following cruise conditions at top of climb for the boeing 777: l/d
The calculated thrust that we are required to find in this question are solved as:
150.45The static thrust at the sea level = 2446521.9 / 18 = 135.917 NHow to solve for the thrust
Rate = excess power / weight
= dn / dt
= V∞sin θ
V∞sin θ = Tn - Tr / w * V∞
sin θ = Tn - D / w
Tr = D
sin θ = T / w - D / w
T / w = sin θ + D / w
We would have the formula here as
ma x √vRTw
= 0.85 x √1.4 x 287 x 226.73
= 256.5 m/s
Next we have to solve for the angle of climb
∅ = sin⁻¹ (1.524 / 256.5)
= 5.94 x 10⁻³
T = w (θ + 1/10)
= 2446521.9 * 5.94 x 10⁻³ * 1/18
= 150.45
The static thrust at the sea level = 2446521.9 / 18
= 135.917 N
Therefore the required thrust at the cruising altitude is equal to 150.45
while the corresponding thrust at the sea level is equal to 135.917 N
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There is interdependence between an organization and its information systems". Discuss this statement.
There is interdependence between an organization and its information systems have a mutual dependency on each other.
What is the organization?An institution made up of individuals or a group of individuals who gather together to accomplish a single, common goal is referred to as an organization.
Information systems and organizations are mutually influenced by one another. Inability to efficiently advantage of innovative technologies, an organization should be receptive to the effects of data systems, which have an impact on how information systems are designed.
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for a given amount of power (s) to be transmitted, an increase in the transmission line voltage would result in:
Efficiency improvement is the main driver behind high voltage power transmission. There are inherent energy losses when electricity is transferred across vast distances.
Electricity is transferred from one site to another with the least amount of power loss possible thanks to high voltage transmission. Transformers, which raise voltage levels to enable long-distance transmission, are a crucial component of this process. The electrical grid is made up of power plants, distribution networks, and sub-stations as well as the electrical transmission system. The power loss will decrease as the current decreases. Therefore, to lower current during electricity transmission, the voltage is increased. When sending the same amount of power over a longer distance at a lower voltage, there will be a greater power loss.
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What might be the effects if one of the AC unit fans stopped working? Explain in terms of energy and pressure and temperature.
If the AC unit fan is not spinning, the first thing to check is the circuit breaker. Take a look at the circuit breaker associated with the AC unit and see if it's been tripped. A circuit breaker may trip from overheating due to outside temperatures and the motor's heat.
a differentiator has a break frequency of 100 khz and a unity gain frequency of 10 khz. over what frequency range would the circuit provide the derivative of a function and increase the signal?
An op amp-based circuit known as a differentiator produces an output signal that is proportional to the differentiation of the input signal. In essence, an op amp differentiator is an inverting amplifier with an appropriate capacitor at its input end.
A differentiator circuit: what is it?Depending on the circuit time constant and the amplifier's bandwidth, the differentiator circuit produces the derivative of the input signal over a range of frequencies. Applying the input signal to the inverting input causes the output to be polarity-inverted with respect to the input signal.
Why is a differentiator opamp used? The major application of this op-amp is to boost weak signal levels. Depending on the components used in the design, an op-amp differentiator can be either active or passive. We will utilize this differentiator amplifier in frequency modulators and wave shaping circuits because it essentially functions as a high pass filter.
Why do op-amps utilize capacitors? A feedback capacitor is used in a typical op-amp circuit to restrict bandwidth. A feedback capacitor is a typical approach to minimize noise because restricting op-amp bandwidth will do so. Consider that a capacitor functions as a short to "high frequency" AC impulses in order to comprehend how the feedback capacitor operates.
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How did inventors like lee deforest and edwin howard armstrong fund their initial research and development ventures into radio technologies?.
The creation of a "supersonic heterodyne" radio receiver circuit, later abbreviated to "superheterodyne," was Armstrong's greatest achievement during this time. This circuit, which is still widely used today, increased the sensitivity and selectivity of radio receivers.
When was the radio invented by Edwin Armstrong?
1933
The superheterodyne circuit, which he developed in 1918, is a very selective method of capturing, converting, and significantly amplification relatively weak, high frequency electromagnetic waves. His greatest accomplishment, wide-band frequency modulation, or FM radio, was created in 1933.
Following this achievement, the Patent Office approved de Forest's two patents for the ultra-audion and the regenerative circuit. He subsequently filed a lawsuit against Armstrong for violating his ultra-audion patents. The Pennsylvanian court ruled in de Forest's favor.
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A rain gutter is to be constructed from a metal sheet of width 3m by bending up one-third of the sheet on each side through an angle θ. How should θ be chosen so that the gutter will carry the maximum amount of water?.
The area of the gutter is therefore equal to the area of the rectangle plus the area of the triangles.
A = rectangle + 2 * triangle
= 10h + 2 * (1/2 hw)
Using trig work out h and w.
h = 10 sin ?
w = 10 cos ?
A = 10h + hw
= 100sin? + 100sin?cos?
Differentiate the expression (either use the product rule for sin? cos?, or write 100sin?cos? as 50sin2? using the double angle formula)
A = 100sin? + 50sin2?
dA/dt = 100cos? + 100cos2?
For A to be a max or min the derivative must equal zero
100cos? + 100cos2? = 0
cos? + cos2? = 0
Use the double angle formula to write cos2? as 2cos^2 ? - 1
cos? + 2cos^2 ? - 1 = 0
2cos^2 ? + cos? - 1 = 0
This quadratic factorizes:
(2cos? - 1)(cos? + 1) = 0
This means that
cos ? = 1/2 or cos ? = 1
giving:
? = pi/3 or ? = pi
Which means that to achieve the maximum area ? should be pi/3 = 60 degrees
You can check that this is the max by substituting in these values of theta and the two end points (theta = 0, theta = pi), and seeing that pi/3 gives the maximum.
The maximum area is therefore
A = 100sin? + 100sin?cos?
= 100sin(pi/3) + 100sin(pi/3)cos(pi/3)
= 100 sqrt(3) / 2 + 100 sqrt(3)/2 * 1/2
= 100 * 3/2 * sqrt(3) / 2
= 3 * 25 * sqrt(3)
= 75 sqrt(3)
= 129.9...
= 130 cm^3
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A contractor estimates maintenance costs for a new piece of equipment to be $275 for the first month with a monthly increase of 0.5%. At i = 0.75% per month, what is the present cost of maintenance for the new equipment across 4 years?
The present cost of maintenance for the new equipment across 4 years is $12,266.01.
What is the formula for calculating a growing annuity?The formula for calculating a growing annuity is as follows:
[tex]\frac{M}{r-g}[/tex] [tex](1- (\frac{1+g}{1+r} )^N).[/tex]where M = the first payment, g = the growth rate, r = the discount rate, and N = the number of payments.
According to the question,
The first payment is = 275
The growth rate is = 0.5%.
The discount rate is = 0.75%.
The number of payments in 4 years = 4*12 = 48.
Now, put all values in the above equation:
[tex]\frac{275}{0.75 - 0.5}[/tex] [tex](1- (\frac{1+0.5}{1+0.75} )^4^8)[/tex] = 12.366.01.
Therefore, the present cost of maintenance for the new equipment across 4 years is $12,266.01.
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_______________ occurs when the effect of one drug is enhanced by the presence of another drug.
Synergism occurs when the effect of one drug is enhanced by the presence of another drug.
Explanation:Synergism occurs when the effect of one drug is enhanced by the presence of another drug. It occurs due to the interaction between two or more substances which produces a combined effect.
a 400 l tank initially contains water at 200 kpa and a quality of 1%. heat is transferred to the tank by a burner, thereby raising the temperature and pressure of the water. at a pressure of 3 mpa, a valve opens and saturated vapor at 2 mpa flows out. the burner remains on, maintaining a pressure of 3 mpa inside the tank, until the quality of the tank is 90%, after which it shuts off
To prevent a waterlogged tank or surging at the faucets, you must keep air in the bladder of bladder-type pressure tanks. First, look at the pressure gauge to determine the pressure at which your well pump activates and deactivates.
The difference in pressure between turning on and turning off is typically 20 psi. our pipes, fittings, and switches may become damaged by pressures more than 60 psi. Plumbing failure and expensive leaks could result from this damage. It's probable that the pump won't be able to achieve the cut-off pressure if the pressure is set at 80 psi. The bladder could be torn or holed if tank pressure lowers. If a tank is totally filled with water or has too much water for it to function properly, it is said to be waterlogged.
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to determine the real power capability of an electrical service you must take into account, phase, voltage and wattage?
It is right that to determine the real power capability of an electrical service you must take into account, phase, voltage and wattage.
Generators operators often control the voltage on the North American bulk system, and they are frequently given voltage schedules by transmission system operators. In the past, variable generation plants were seen as being extremely small in comparison to traditional producing units.
They were typically either induction generators (wind) or line-commutated inverters (PV), both of which lack the ability to naturally regulate voltage. Synchronous generators provided practically all of the bulk system voltage control.
However, the need for renewable production to contribute increasingly significantly to power system voltage and reactive management has arisen as a result of the increased degree of penetration of non-traditional renewable energy, particularly wind and solar.
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