Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, and reactions of compounds that contain carbon. These compounds are found in living organisms and also can be synthesized artificially. Organic compounds are characterized by the presence of carbon-hydrogen bonds and are often based on hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
Inorganic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, and reactions of compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. These compounds are typically not found in living organisms and are not based on hydrocarbons. Inorganic compounds can include elements such as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
There are many classes of organic compounds, including:
Hydrocarbons: These are compounds that are made up of only hydrogen and carbon atoms. They can be saturated (single bonds only) or unsaturated (double or triple bonds). Examples include alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
Alcohols: These are compounds that contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom. Examples include ethanol and methanol.
Ethers: These are compounds that contain an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms. Examples include dimethyl ether and ethyl methyl ether.
Aldehydes: These are compounds that contain a carbonyl group (-CO) at the end of a carbon chain. The carbonyl group can also be found within a chain of carbon atoms. Examples include formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
Ketones: These are compounds that contain a carbonyl group (-CO) within a carbon chain. Examples include acetone and 2-butanone.
Carboxylic acids: These are compounds that contain a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to a carbon chain. Examples include acetic acid and propionic acid.
Esters: These are compounds that contain a carbonyl group (-CO) bonded to an oxygen atom and a hydroxy group (-OH). They are formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol. Examples include ethyl acetate and butyl acetate.
Amines: These are compounds that contain a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more carbon atoms. They can be primary, secondary, or tertiary, depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the nitrogen atom. Examples include methylamine and ethylamine.
Nitriles: These are compounds that contain a carbon atom bonded to a nitrogen atom and a triple bond (-CN). Examples include acetonitrile and propionitrile.
Aromatic compounds: These are compounds that contain a ring of carbon atoms with alternating single and double bonds. They are usually characterized by their pleasant odors and are often found in natural products. Examples include benzene and toluene.
when (r)-butan-2-ol is treated with tscl in pyridine, the product formed is: group of answer choices a mixture of diastereomers. an achial compound. none of the above a racemic mixture. a single enantiomer.
when (r)-butan-2-ol is treated with tscl in pyridine, the product formed is the single enantiomer.
When the (r)-butan-2-ol is treated with tscl in pyridine, the product formed is the single enantiomer. the single enantiomer are also called as the single isomers or the stereoisomers. the enantiomers are the pair of the molecules or compound that will exist in the two forms that are the mirror image of the each other but they are not superimposable mirror to each other. the images which are the superimposable mirror image to each other is called as achiral compound.
Thus, a single enantiomer is formed as the product when the (r)-butan-2-ol is treated with tscl in pyridine.
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A 100-w lightbulb generates 95 w of heat, which is dissipated through a glass bulb that has a radius of 3. 0 cm and is 0. 50 mm thick. What is the difference in temperature between the inner and outer surfaces of the glass?.
The temperature difference between inner and outer surfaces of the glass is 21°C.
What is coefficient of thermal conductivity?
The thermal conductivity coefficient k is a material parameter depending on temperature, physical properties of the material, water content, and the pressure on the material. The coefficient k is measured in watts per meter Kelvin (or degree) (W/mK).
According to the given question:
Heat generated by bulb in one second, H = 95 W
Radius = 3 cm = 0.03 m, Area = 3.14 x 0.03 x 0.03 = 2.826 x 10^-3 m^2
Thickness, d = 0.5 mm = 0.5 x 10^-3 m
Coefficient of thermal conductivity of glass, K = 0.8 W/mK
Let ΔT be the temperature difference between inner and outer surface.
H = K A ΔT / d
95 = 0.8 x 2.826 x 10^-3 x ΔT / (0.5 x 10^-3)
ΔT = 21 °C
Thus, the temperature difference between the inner and outer surface of the bulb is 21 °C.
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what volume is occupied by 18.0 g of argon gas at a pressure of 1.32 atm and a temperature of 454 k ?
The volume occupied by 18.0 g of argon gas at a pressure of 1.32 atm and a temperature of 454 k is 12.70 m³.
The ideal gas lawAn ideal gas is a theoretical gas used to study the behavior of gases. Because true gasses are complex, it is difficult for us to study their behavior. Therefore, these true gasses are simplified to ideal gasses. Because it has been simplified, even an ideal gas has simpler properties and interactions than a true gas. So, simply put, this ideal gas is a model for calculating the behavior of true gasses or real gasses.
the ideal gas law equation:
PV = nRT
Where,
P = gas pressure (N/m³ or Pa)
V = gas volume (m³)
n = moles of gas present
R = gas constant (0.082057 atm.L/mol.K)
T = temperature (K)
We have,
Mass of the gas = 18.0 g
P = 1.32 atm
Temperature = 454 K
Determine the moles of gas,
The molar mass of argon is 39.948 g/mol.
n = m/Mr
= 18.0/39.948
= 0.450 mol Ar
So, the volume occupied is:
PV = nRT
(1.32)V = (0.45) (0.082057) (454)
1.32 V = 16.76
V = 12.70 m³
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In double replacement reactions, why will two metals not combine with each other when products are
formed?
A metals form negative ions and like charges attract
B metals form positive ions and like charges do not attract
Cmetals form negative ions and like charges do not attract
D metals form positive ions and like charges attract
In double replacement reactions, two metals not combine with each other when products are formed because, metals form negative ions and like charges attract. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is metal ?A metal is a substance that exhibits a shiny appearance when freshly processed, polished, or shattered, and conducts electricity and heat rather well. Generally speaking, metals are malleable and ductile.
We use the (s) symbol for solid because salt is an insoluble substance that will not dissolve in water. The silver, fluoride, potassium, and chloride ions would have effectively moved to a new location if there had been no precipitate formation, but they would still be floating around as ions. In this instance, nothing happens.
When two ionic compounds exchange ions and create two new ionic compounds, this is known as a double replacement reaction.
Thus, option A is correct.
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A ma of 6. 4 tonne of ulfur i burned to produce ulfur dioxide ga. Calculate the maximum volume, in dm3, of ulfur dioxide ga that can be produced at rtp
[molar volume of ulfur dioxide ga at rtp=24dm3]
[1 tonne= 10^6g]
give your anwer in tandard form
The maximum volume of gas is 1.2*10^7 dm3 that is calculated using mass of SO3 i.e., 6.4 tonnes.
The molar volume, symbol Vm is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance (chemical element or chemical compound) at a given temperature and pressure. It is equal to the molar mass (M) divided by the mass density (ρ). The given mass of sulfur trioxide is 6.4 tonnes.
In order to calculate the volume of sulfur dioxide, we need to calculate the moles of the gas first using the mass and number of molecules.
The moles of SO3 gas is 6.4 *10^6/64 which is 1*10^6 moles.
The maximum volume of gas is 1*10^6/2*24 = 1.2*10^7 dm3.
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This data table shows how quickly rope will rot away in freshwater and saltwater. what can you conclude about the rates of the rotting reaction?
A. The reaction occurs more slowly when the concentration of salt is higher.
B. The reaction occurs more quickly when the concentration of salt is higher.
C. The reaction occurs at the same rate, regardless of the concentration salt.
D. There is not enough information to conclude anything about the reaction rates.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
the higher the salt, the decay becomes 6 years faster
also sorry if the answers wrong
a sample of wood with a mass of 3.0 grams was burned in an open dish. the ashes weighed 1.2 grams. what happened to the rest of the wood?
The rest of the wood equivalent to 1.8 grams is converted into its gas form by the process of combustion.
Burning a sample of wood creates is process of combustion which changes the form of a compound into another form, in this case, a sample of wood with a mass of 3 grams, being burned in an open dish will cause a reaction between the fire and oxygen from the surroundings and will result in a gas creation called carbon dioxide, losing 1.8 grams of its mass, as well as an ash residue weighing 1.2 grams. To calculate the loss of mass due to wood conversion into its gas form of carbon dioxide, we calculate it with the following calculation:
3.0-1.2=1.8
Therefore the loss of mass due to combustion and the creation of carbon dioxide is 1.8 grams.
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circle the molecules that are capable of hydrogen-bonding with another of the same molecule? a) h2s b) hcl c) c5h12 d) ch3oh e) ncl3 f) ch3nh2
The d) ch3oh and f) ch3nh2 are capable of hydrogen-bonding with another of the same molecule.
What is Hydrogen Bonding?
A hydrogen atom placed between two both these atoms with such a high affinity for electrons produces an interaction recognised as hydrogen bonding that is stronger than the van der Waals force but weaker than covalent or ionic bonds.
Hydrogen bonds can be created between atoms in different molecules or different parts of the same molecule. One of the pair's (the donor) fluorine, nitrogen, as well as oxygen atoms is covalently bound to a hydrogen atom (FH, NH, or OH), with which it happens to share electrons unevenly. Because of its high affinity for electrons, hydrogen acquires a small positive charge. With an unshared electron pair, the other atom inside the pair, which is typically F, N, or O, has a slight negative charge. By using electrostatic attraction to effectively transfer its hydrogen to the recipient atom, the donor atom establishes a connection.
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a student weighed out 3.87g of h2ptcl6 and added it to water. how many moles of the compound did the student add to water
A student weighed out 3.87g of H₂PtCl₆ and added it to water. 9.44 × 10⁻³ moles of the compound the student added to water.
Mass of H₂PtCl₆ = 3.87 g
The molar mass of H₂PtCl₆ = 410 g
Number of moles of H₂PtCl₆ = ?
We will calculate the number of moles of H₂PtCl₆ by using the following formula.
Number of moles = mass of compound / molar mass of the compound
Put the values in the above formula
Number of moles of H₂PtCl₆ = 3.87 g / 410 g / mol
Number of moles of H₂PtCl₆ = 3.87/ 410 mol
Number of moles of H₂PtCl₆ = 0.00944 mol
Number of moles of H₂PtCl₆ = 9.44 × 10⁻³ mol
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What is the relationship between the temperature and the rate of the reaction?
Positive
Negative
Neutral
The relationship between the temperature and the rate of the reaction is positive (option A).
What is a positive relationship?A positive relationship is one in which both variables tend to move in the same direction i.e. if one variable increases, the other tends to also increase. If one decreases, the other tends to also.
According to collision theory, a chemical reaction that takes place at a higher temperature generates more energy than a reaction at a lower temperature.
This is because colliding particles will have the required activation energy at high temperature and more successful collisions will take place.
The rate of of a reaction refers to the speed at which a chemical reaction occurs i.e. the conversion of reactants to products.
Therefore, a positive relationship exists between temperature and rate of a reaction.
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what is the net ionic equation when an aqueous solution of silver nitrate is added to an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate?
Ionic equation is :-Na2CO3(aq) + Mg(NO3)2 (aq) → MgCO3(s) + 2NaNO3 (aq)
Now ,the full ionic equation .
2Na+(aq) + CO3 2-(aq) + Mg2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq)→MgCO3(s) + 2Na+(aq) + NO3- aq)
Then you can also write net ionic equation, remains is the net ionic equation are:-CO3 2- (aq) + Mg 2+(aq) → MgCO3(s)
What can we infer from the net ionic equation?A complete ionic equation also contains the spectator ions, whereas a net ionic equation just displays the chemical species that are involved in a reaction.
How does the reaction NaCl aq)+ agno3 AQ)-> nano3 aq)+ AgCl S work?AgNO3 and NaCl react to form AgCl (silver chloride) and NaNO3 (sodium nitrate) when exposed to sodium chloride (NaCl) and AgNO3 (silver nitrate). A twofold displacement reaction would look like this.
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which phenomenon that goes unexplained by lewis structures is solved by applying molecular orbital theory?
a. bond angles
b. ionization energy trends
c. none of the above
If you use the molecular orbital theory, option C, which is the paramagnetism of oxygen particles, you can explain the odd thing that Lewis structures can't explain.
The fact that oxygen particles are paramagnetic doesn't make sense in terms of Lewis structure. Since oxygen atoms have two electrons that don't have a partner, only molecular orbital theory can explain why oxygen particles are paramagnets. A Lewis structure is a much better way to show how the electrons in a particle's valence shell are arranged. It is used to show how the electrons around the different atoms in a particle are arranged. Electrons are shown as "dabs" or as a line running between two particles. In his cubical particle hypothesis, Lewis came up with the "octet rule." The octet rule is based on the fact that iotas tend to like having eight electrons in their valence shell. When molecules have fewer than eight electrons, they usually react by making more stable mixtures. Atoms will act to get into the most stable state possible.
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when bcl3 reacts with nh3, the reaction results in one product. the most likely chemical structure of the product is .
The product of the reaction between BCl3 and NH3 is the ionic compound, Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl).
What is reaction?Reaction is the process of responding to a stimulus. It can be physical, emotional, or both. It is a way for a person, animal, or living organism to communicate with the environment and other living things. A reaction is often an involuntary response that occurs due to a change in the environment. For example, a person may jump in fear if a loud noise is heard. This reaction is the body's way of quickly responding to the stimulus. Reactions can also be learned over time and can be either positive or negative. For example, a person may smile when they see a loved one, or they may frown when they are angry. Reactions are an important part of how we interact with the world and with each other.
The product of the reaction between BCl3 and NH3 is the ionic compound, Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl). The reaction can be written as:
BCl3 + NH3 → NH4Cl
The chemical structure of Ammonium Chloride is shown below:
NH4Cl
The central atom, nitrogen, is surrounded by four hydrogen atoms (H) and one chlorine atom (Cl). The nitrogen atom has a formal charge of +1 and is therefore surrounded by four hydrogen atoms with a negative charge of -1. The chlorine atom has a formal charge of -1 and is therefore surrounded by one ammonium ion with a positive charge of +1.
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given a 1.00 l solution that is 0.60 m hf and 1.00 m kf, calculate the ph after 0.10 mol naoh is added, and calculate the ph after 0.24 mol hcl is added to the original solution. ka
The pH after 0.10 mol NaOH is added is 3.48 and the pH after 0.24 mol HCl is added to the original solution is 3.09 .
HF + H₂O → KF +H₂O
Moles of HF = 0.60 mol/L × 1 L = 0.60 mol
Moles of KF = 1 mol/L × 1L = 1 mol
When 0.10 mol NaOH added
HF + NaOH → KF + H₃O⁺
Moles of KF increases = 0.10 + 1 = 1.10 mol
Moles of HF decreases = 0.60 - 0.10 = 0.50 mol
pH = pKₐ + log [tex]\frac{[KF]}{[HF]}[/tex]
pH = - log Kₐ + log [tex]\frac{1.10}{.50}[/tex]
pH = - log (7.2 × 10⁻⁴) + log 2.2
pH = 3.14 + 0.3424
pH = 3.48
When 0.24 mol HCl added
KF + HCl → HF
Moles of KF decreases = 1 - 0.24 = 0.76 mol
Moles of HF increases = 0.60 - 0.24 = 0.36 mol
pH = pKₐ + log [tex]\frac{KF}{HF}[/tex]
pH = 3.14 + log [tex]\frac{0.76}{0.36}[/tex]
pH = 3.14 + 0.045
pH = 3.09
So, When NaOH is added pH = 3.46, When HCl is added pH = 3.09 .
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solid al(no3)3 is added to distilled water to produce a solution in which the concentration of nitrate, [no3-], is 0.10 m. what is the concentration of aluminum ion, [al3 ], in this solution?
The concentration of the aluminum ion [Al3+] in the solution is 0.033M.
Solid Al(NO3) is added to distilled water to produce a solution in which the concentration of nitrate [NO3-] is 0.1 M. so the equation becomes,
Al(NO3)3 ----> Al3+ + NO3-
In chemical reaction, it leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. In the reaction, the reactants are converted to one or more different substances that is called the products. Substances are either chemical elements or compounds. A chemical reaction rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to create different substances as products.
1 mole of Al3+ = 3 mole of (NO3-)
let NO3- = 3y
then Al3+ becomes y.
[NO3-] = 0.10M
So it becomes, 3y = 0.10 M
y = 0.10 / 3
= 0.033M
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what is the frequency of light when the energy of a single photon is 2.23 × 10-21 j?
The frequency of the photon of the light is 3.3 x 10¹² Hz.
The energy of the photon of light is 2.23 x 10⁻²¹J.
Now, we know, energy associated with the photon is given by the relation,
E = hv
Where,
E is the enrgy of the photon,
h is the Planck's constant,
v is the frequency of the light.
The value of Planck's constant is 6.63 x 10⁻³⁴ J/Hz.
Now, putting values,
2.23 x 10⁻²¹J = 6.63 x 10⁻³⁴ J/Hz(v)
v = 0.33 x 10¹³ Hz
v = 3.3 x 10¹² Hz.
The frequency of the photon is 3.3 x 10¹² Hz.
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a sample of douglas fir sapwood had a wet weight of 1315.8 g and an oven-dry weight of 612 g. calculate the moisture content of the sapwood and determine if it is a reasonable value.
The natural outdoor usage of the wood does not exceed a moisture content of 19% .Hence, it is not a reasonable value.
Given wet weight of wood = 1315.8g
Oven dry weight = 612g
Moisture content MC% = (Wet weight of wood - Weight of Oven dry wood) / Weight of Oven dry wood × 100
(1315.8 - 612) / 612 x 100
= 703.8 / 612 x 100 = 115%
In the normal use, the moisture content of wood varies between 8% and 25% by weight. The natural outdoor usage of wood does not exceed a moisture content of 19%. Hence, it is not a reasonable value.
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when a gas expands, what is the sign of ? why? when a gas contracts, what is the sign of ? why? what are the signs of and for the process of boiling water?
When a gas expands, the sign of w is negative.
When a gas contracts, the sign of w is positive.
The sign of w for the process of boiling water is negative.
In the first law of thermodynamics, the energy of the universe is constant. A system can change its internal energy through a flow of work, heat, or both, and therefore the total amount of heat energy and the total amount of work energy that goes in or out must be equal to the total internal energy change of the system (ΔE).
∆E = q + w
ΔE = change in internal energy
q = heat
w = work energy
When we add a property to the system from the surroundings, the sign is positive and when the system adds a property to the surroundings the sign is negative.
As the gas expands, the system does work on the surroundings so w is negative. As gas contracts, the surroundings do work on the system so w is positive. H2O(l) → H2O(g);To boil water, heat must be added so that q is positive. The molar volume of a gas is huge compared to the molar volume of a liquid. As a liquid converts to a gas, the system will expand its volume, performing work on the surroundings; w is negative.
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Take the indicators and bring them turn by turn in contact with solution. this sentence change into past passive
Explanation: help help help
Which of the following reactions involves a single compound producing two or more simpler substances?answer choices- Synthesis reaction- Decomposition reaction- Combustion reaction- Double-replacement reaction
Reactions involves a single compound producing two or more simpler substances. The decomposition reaction is the right response.
Multiple products are created from a single reactant in a decomposition process. When a chemical and oxygen are combined, the result is a combustion reaction that produces oxides of other elements as a byproduct (although nitrogen atoms react to make N 2).
Decomposition reactions occur when complex chemical entities split apart into smaller components. Decomposition reactions often demand energy input. For instance, the thermal breakdown of potassium chlorate (KClO3) is a typical technique used in laboratories to generate oxygen gas.
When one reactant disintegrates into two or more products, the reaction is said to be in decomposition. This can be modelled by the all-inclusive formula AB = A + B. The conversion of water to hydrogen and oxygen and the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide are two examples of decomposition reactions.
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What causes the electron groups around a central atom to similarly spread out as much as possible?
Answer:
The repulsion between negatively charged electron pairs in bonds or as lone pairs causes them to spread apart as much as possible.
phosphine (ph3) reacts with borane (bh3) as follows: ph3 + bh3 latex: \longrightarrow⟶ h3p-bh3
PH3 is a weaker base than NH3 due to the fact the lone pair inside NH3 has a better electricity and as a consequence serve higher as a higher base.
Each next fall at the periodic desk has much less electricity and as a consequence will become much less fundamental which in flip way it's miles extra acidic. Phosphine (PH3) reacts with borane (BH3) as follows:
PH3 + BH3 → H3P—BH3
In PH3, P atom has 4 electron corporations i.e 1 lone pair and three bond pairs. Hence it's going to shape 4 hybrid orbitals i.e sp3 hybridization. The P-atom withinside the product additionally has 4 electron corporations i.e surrounded via way of means of 4 bond pairs and shape 4 sp3 hybrid orbital. There isn't anyt any alternate in hybridization, subsequently the hybridization of P atom in each the reactant and product is sp3.
Therefore example B satisfactory indicates the hybridization of P all through the response as
sp3 → sp3.
Phosphine (PH3)—a exceedingly toxic, flammable gas—is used withinside the semiconductor industry, chemical processing, and the fumigation of grain, meals products, and tobacco earlier than global transport.
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How many liters of oxygen will be used to completely burn 200 liters of hydrogen?
The volume, in liters, of oxygen that will be used to completely burn 200 liters of hydrogen would be 100 liters.
Stoichiometric problemOxygen and hydrogen gas reacts with each other to form water according to the following balanced equation:
[tex]2H_2 + O_2 --- > 2H_2O[/tex]
The volume ratio of the hydrogen gas to oxygen gas from the balanced equation is 2:1. Following this ratio, every 1 liter of hydrogen will require 0.5 liters of oxygen.
Now, the equivalent amount of oxygen that will be required for 200 liters of hydrogen can be calculated as follows:
1 liter hydrogen = 0.5 liter oxygen
200 liters hydrogen = 200 x 0.5/1
= 100 liters.
In other words, the amount of oxygen that will be used to completely burn 200 liters of hydrogen would be 100 liters.
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in which mixture do you expect to find ion-dipole forces, ch3oh in water or ca(no3)2 in water and why?
The mixture of Ca(NO₃)₂ in water will show ion dipole forces.
An Ion dipole force is observed in a mixture where and ionic compound is made to be dissolved into a polar solvent.
CH₃OH is a non ionic compound and water is a polar solvent. So, when we dissolve it in water it will not show the ion-dipole forces.
On the other hand Ca(NO₃)₂ is a strong electrolyte.
Because of it's strong electrolytic property it dissolves into ions when it is mixed with water and because water is already a polar solution it give rise to the existence of the iron dipole forces.
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for how many of b2, c2, p2, and f2 does bond order decrease if one electron is removed from the neutral molecule?
As bond order decreases in b2, c2 and p2 but increases in f2, 3 of them will decrease bond order.
What is bond order?Bond order is defined in chemistry by Linus Pauling as the difference between the number of bonds and anti-bonds. The number of electron pairs (covalent bonds) between two atoms is the bond order.
For example, the bond order between the two nitrogen atoms in diatomic nitrogen NN is 3. (triple bond). The bond order between the two carbon atoms in acetylene is also 3, and the C-H bond order is 1. (single bond).
The bond order between carbon and oxygen in carbon monoxide CO+ is three. The bond order between sulphur and nitrogen in thiazyl trifluoride NSF3 is 3, while the bond order between sulphur and fluorine is 1. The bond order in diatomic oxygen O=O is 2 (double bond).
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2 Bond Order Reduction Elements are always made up of just one type of atom, however molecules can include only one type of atom if one electron is removed from the neutral molecule.
Definition of a molecule
The smallest unit of a substance that retains its composition and properties is a molecule. It is constructed of two or more atoms connected by chemical bonds. Moles are the foundation of chemistry.
Is a molecule an ionic bond?
A molecule, which is a grouping of three or more atoms, is the largest recognized unit into which a pure substance may be divided while keeping its makeup and chemical reactivity.
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in order for a complex ion to form, what must be true about the formation constant of the ion and the solubility product of the ionic solid? fill in the blank with < or > or
The overall formation constant is 1.11*10¹³.
What is ion ?
An atom or collection of atoms that is classified as an ion has a different number of electrons than proton atoms.
What is solubility ?
A substance's solubility is the greatest amount that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature. A specific solute-solvent combination's solubility is a defining trait, and the solubilities of various compounds can vary significantly.
The complex [Ni(en)3]2+ is more stable than the complexes [Ni(NH3)6]2+ and [Ni(H2O)6]2+.
Steric hindrance of ligands will generally reduce the value of the formation constant.
The coordination number of the central metal ion is related to the formation constant of the complex.
Therefore, the overall formation constant is 1.11*10¹³.
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c-14 (radiocarbon) is radioactive and decays into n-14 with a half-life of 5730 years. assume a rock starts with 1000 atoms of c-14. if the rock is 5730 years old, how many c-14 atoms should be left?
250 , C-14 atoms should be left, if the rock is 5730 years old. C-14 (radiocarbon) is radioactive and decays into n-14 with a half-life of 5730 years. assume a rock starts with 1000 atoms of C-14.
Radiation-emitting radiocarbon substances are referred to as radioactive . A radionuclide decays into a different atom known as a decay product. Until the atoms achieve a stable state and stop being radioactive, the radiocarbon continue to change into new decay products. C degrades through a process known as beta decay. One of the neutrons in the radiocarbon atom turns into a proton during this process, which results in the decay of a 14C atom into a 14N atom. By adding one more proton to the atom, this results in the formation of a nitrogen atom rather than a radiocarbon atom.
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which of the following is a teratogen? a. sunlight b. prenatal vitamins c. alcohol d. acetaminophen (tylenol)
Alcohol is a teratogen from the given options, which is responsible for fetal harm. The correct option to this question is C.
A well-known teratogen, alcohol intake during pregnancy can have negative consequences on the developing fetus.
Alcohol is a proven carcinogen that kills cells in a growing fetus and a teratogen that changes the cell cycle and function in a fetus's brain, with PAE having rapid and long-lasting impacts on someone with FASDs.
Any substance that exposes a fetus to an abnormality while the mother is pregnant is considered a teratogen. Teratogens are typically identified following an increase in the prevalence of a specific birth abnormality. For instance, a medication called thalidomide was prescribed to alleviate morning sickness in the early 1960s.
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How many moles of carbon dioxide can be produced when 3.05 moles of calcium carbonate are heated?
0.0305mol of carbon dioxide can be produced when 3.05 mole of calcium carbonate are heated.
What is carbon dioxide?Carbon dioxide is a chemically compound made up of molecules that each one have one carbon atomclick covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is founded in the gas state at room temperature. In the air, carbon dioxide is to the transparent to visible light of the but absorbs infra-red by radiation, acting as the greenhouse gas.
CaCO3 ---> CaO + CO2
Mass of CaCO3 mol = 40 + 12 + (16 x 3) = 100g/mol
Number of CaCO3 moles heated = 3.05/100 = 0.0305 mol
One CaCO3 mol produces 1 mol CO2
Therefore 0.0305mol of CO2 produced.
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In a reaction involving the combustion of propane, the rate of consumption of propane was measured to be 0.6 mol/L s. What rate was carbon dioxide being formed at?
Answer:
1.8 moles per liter of solution per second.
Explanation:
The rate at which carbon dioxide is being formed in this reaction can be calculated by using the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane:
[tex]C3H8 + 5 O2 - > 3 CO2 + 4 H2O[/tex]
From the balanced chemical equation, it is clear that for every mole of propane consumed, 3 moles of carbon dioxide are formed. Therefore, if the rate of consumption of propane is 0.6 mol/L s, the rate of formation of carbon dioxide is 3 * 0.6 = 1.8 mol/L s.
This means that the rate of formation of carbon dioxide is 1.8 moles per liter of solution per second.