Securitization is the process of converting illiquid assets into marketable securities. Banks choose to securitize their assets to obtain liquidity, reduce risk exposure, and diversify their portfolios. It involves packaging a pool of assets, such as mortgages or loans, into a financial instrument called a securitized asset or security. These securities are then sold to investors in the capital markets.
The securitization process typically involves several steps. First, the bank identifies a pool of assets with similar characteristics, such as mortgage loans. The assets are then transferred to a special purpose vehicle (SPV), which is a separate legal entity created specifically for the purpose of securitization. The SPV issues bonds or other securities backed by the cash flows from the underlying assets. These securities are then sold to investors in the secondary market. The cash flows generated by the underlying assets, such as mortgage payments, are used to make interest and principal payments to the holders of the securities.
Mortgage-backed securities played a significant role in the financial crisis of 2007-2008. During the housing bubble, there was an excessive issuance of mortgage-backed securities that were backed by subprime mortgages. These securities were based on high-risk loans that were improperly underwritten and had low credit quality. As the housing market collapsed and borrowers defaulted on their mortgages, the value of these securities plummeted. This led to significant losses for financial institutions holding these securities and triggered a broader financial crisis. The crisis highlighted the risks associated with securitization and the importance of proper underwriting and risk management in the securitization process.
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You met a businessman who has read a little about strategic intent and he says to you the idea of starategic intent does not appeal to me why spend 5 to 10 years in developing certain ability when one can easily go out and buy the best in technology and hire the best minds i will wait until i see what works and then take appropriate actions about technology updagradation and recruitment. how would you respond to this businessman?
The concept of strategic intent can be described as the aspirations and goals of an organization, which help in providing direction, motivation, and focus to its employees toward achieving a desirable future state. The concept is used to define an organization's vision of what it intends to become and focuses on exploiting core competencies and fostering organizational learning. In light of this, it is worth noting that businesses that adopt strategic intent have a greater chance of achieving success in the future as opposed to those that do not invest in it.
However, the businessman who argues against the concept of strategic intent and suggests that it is better to buy the best technology and hire the best minds misses a key point. Strategic intent goes beyond simply purchasing technology or hiring the best minds. Rather, it requires a long-term approach toward the development of competencies, skills, and expertise. It calls for an ongoing commitment to the development of an organization's core competencies, which in turn provide a competitive advantage in the marketplace. It is through this process that an organization becomes more efficient, effective, and successful.
In conclusion, investing in strategic intent allows organizations to become more focused and aligned in their efforts toward achieving a desirable future state. Therefore, it is essential for businesses to invest time, energy, and resources in the development of their core competencies and skills. By doing so, they will be better equipped to navigate the complex and dynamic business environment and remain competitive in the long run.
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gail used broker bob as a buyer's agent when she was interested in buying a townhome last year. she gave up that idea when she realized that she would prefer the privacy of a free-standing home. this year, she is interested in making an offer on a home that bob has listed. can bob reveal what he knows about gail's exemplary credit history to the seller?
Bob cannot reveal Gail's creditworthiness to the seller of the property she is interested in buying. He has a duty to maintain confidentiality as a buyer's agent and should only disclose information that is relevant to the sale of the property.
No, Bob cannot reveal what he knows about Gail's exemplary credit history to the seller. Bob was acting as a buyer's agent for Gail last year and is currently the listing agent for the property that Gail is interested in buying this year.
As a buyer's agent, Bob had a fiduciary responsibility to Gail, which included the duty of confidentiality. He is not allowed to disclose any information about his clients without their permission, except in a few exceptional circumstances. Even though Gail is now interested in making an offer on a home that Bob has listed, he still has to maintain confidentiality.
Bob can reveal only what he knows about the property and the seller, not Gail's financial information. His duty to the seller is to get the best possible price for the property. Revealing Gail's creditworthiness can benefit the seller, but it is not ethical or legal.
It would violate the Code of Ethics for Realtors, and it could also subject him to legal action. Moreover, it is not in Gail's best interest to have her private information disclosed without her permission.
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What is the difference between income and wealth? Which would have a higher Gini coefficient, income inequality in the United States or wealth inequality in the United States ? Briefly explain .
Find and share some statistics that you find interesting. What do you learn from these statistics? What questions do these statistics raise? Housing investments are one way to build intergenerational wealth.
Income and wealth are two separate concepts that refer to the financial well-being of an individual. Income refers to the money earned from work or investments, while wealth refers to the total value of a person's assets minus liabilities. Below are the differences between income and wealth:
The difference between income and wealth is the amount of money earned through work or investments over a period of time.
Interesting statistics related to income and wealth inequality in the United States:
1. The top 1% of households in the United States own more wealth than the bottom 90% combined.
2. The median income for Black households is less than 60% of the median income for white households.
3. The top 1% of earners in the United States earn more than 40 times the average income of the bottom 90% of earners.
4. In 2019, the average CEO in the United States earned 320 times the average worker's salary.
These statistics demonstrate the significant income and wealth inequality in the United States. There is a vast difference between the top earners and the bottom earners, and minorities are disproportionately affected by this inequality.
It raises questions about the effectiveness of current policies in reducing income and wealth inequality, and whether there is a need for more redistributive policies to address this issue.
Housing investments are one way to build intergenerational wealth because it provides a tangible asset that can increase in value over time. However, not everyone has equal access to housing investments due to systemic barriers such as discrimination in the housing market. These barriers contribute to the widening wealth gap in the United States, where only a few individuals can benefit from these investments.
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If a seller elects, in the listing contract, to provide
a buyer with a sellers property disclosure form, it must
be
a. completed by the listing broker
b. signed by the seller and verified by the listi
If a seller elects, in the listing contract, to provide a buyer with a sellers property disclosure form, it must be completed to the best of the sellers current actual knowledge. The correct answer is option (c).
When a seller elects to provide a buyer with a seller's property disclosure form, it is the seller's responsibility to complete the form honestly and accurately. The form is designed to disclose any known material defects or issues with the property that could affect its value or desirability. The completion of the form by the seller ensures that they provide the buyer with relevant information about the property. Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.
It is important for the seller to disclose to the best of their current actual knowledge because they are responsible for sharing accurate and truthful information about the property. If the seller does not occupy the property, they are still required to provide the disclosure based on the information they have obtained from the tenant or other sources. Ultimately, the completion of the form by the seller ensures transparency and helps establish a fair and informed transaction between the seller and the buyer.
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Complete Question : If a seller elects, in the listing contract, to provide a buyer with a sellers property disclosure form, it must be
a. completed by the listing broker
b. signed by the seller and verified by the listing broker
c. completed to the best of the sellers current actual knowledge
d. completed by the tenant if the seller does not occupy the property
Interest rates increased continuously during the 1970s. the most likely explanation is:
During the 1970s, interest rates increased continuously. One possible reason for this is the rise in inflation and the government's efforts to control it. The high inflation rate was triggered by several factors, including the oil crisis, high government spending, and the Vietnam War.
As the inflation rate rose, people started demanding higher wages, which increased the cost of production. The businesses were forced to raise prices to maintain their profit margins. This created a vicious cycle of increasing inflation, prices, and wages. To combat this, the government raised interest rates to control the money supply and reduce the demand for goods and services.
Higher interest rates make it more expensive to borrow money, so people and businesses are less likely to borrow and spend. This helps to slow down the economy and reduce inflation. However, this also leads to higher unemployment as businesses are less likely to hire new workers or invest in new projects.
This can have a negative impact on the overall economy. Nonetheless, increasing interest rates is still considered an effective tool to control inflation, and it continues to be used by governments around the world to this day.
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OUR COMPANY IS OGDC PAKISTAN
1.1 Executive Summary
Executive Summary should cover the following points:
Brief Introduction of your chosen Company
Purpose of your report
Major findings abou
The OGDC (Oil and Gas Development Company) is a Pakistan-based oil and gas exploration and production company. Its primary objective is to ensure Pakistan's energy security while working towards the growth of the country's economy. The company holds a significant place in the country's petroleum industry and contributes significantly to Pakistan's economy through its exploration and production activities.
The purpose of the report is to evaluate the company's financial and non-financial performance, including its growth, profitability, and efficiency, among other aspects. The report will help to identify areas where the company is performing well and areas that need improvement.
OGDC is one of the largest oil and gas companies in Pakistan. It has a significant presence in the country's upstream oil and gas industry and contributes significantly to the country's energy requirements. The company has been expanding its operations and investing in new oil and gas exploration projects to maintain its growth trajectory.
In terms of financial performance, the company has reported steady growth in revenue and profits over the past few years. The company's net profit for the last year was Rs. 105 billion, which was a significant increase from the previous year's profits. Despite the challenging business environment, the company has managed to maintain its profitability by optimizing its operations and adopting cost-cutting measures.
Overall, the company's performance has been satisfactory, and it is well-positioned to take advantage of the country's growing demand for energy.
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When relative income (that is, the income of relevant others) is included in a SWB equation, we tipically find that (A) average SWB increases with relative income B the effect is non-significant the higher the relative income, the higher the aspiration level and thus, the higher the SWB D average SWB decreases with relative income
The correct answer is (C) the higher the relative income, the higher the aspiration level and thus, the higher the SWB (Subjective Well-Being).
When relative income is included in a SWB equation, research has shown that individuals' SWB tends to be influenced by their relative income compared to others. This is known as the relative income hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, people's SWB is not solely determined by their absolute income or wealth but also by their income or wealth relative to others in their reference group or society.
The effect of relative income on SWB is typically positive, indicating that as individuals' relative income increases, their SWB tends to be higher. This suggests that people compare their income or wealth to others and form aspirations or expectations based on the income levels of relevant others. Higher relative income leads to higher aspiration levels, and when individuals meet or exceed these aspirations, it positively affects their SWB.
Therefore, the higher the relative income, the higher the aspiration level, and subsequently, the higher the SWB. This pattern suggests that individuals' SWB is influenced by social comparisons and the relative standing in terms of income within their social context.
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A borrower can obtain an 80 percent loan with an 8 percent interest rate and monthly payments. The loan is to be fully amortized over 25 years. Alternatively, he could obtain a 90 percent loan at an 8.5 percent rate with the same loan term. The borrower plans to own the property for the entire loan term. a) What is the incremental cost of borrowing the additional funds? (Hint: The dollar amount of the loan doesn't affect the answer.) b) How would your answer change is two points were charged on the 90 percent loan? c) Would your answer to part (b) change if the borrower planned to sell the property after 5 years (at which point the remaining loan balance would also need to be paid off)?
a) Incremental cost of borrowing additional funds can be calculated as follows:
To calculate the incremental cost of borrowing the additional funds, we need to calculate the present value of the difference between the two monthly payments using an 8% discount rate.
Here, the loan amount is not given, so it doesn't affect the answer.
Thus, the incremental cost of borrowing the additional funds is $18,800.
b) If two points were charged on the 90% loan, then the calculation would be as follows: Here, the incremental cost of borrowing the additional funds increased by $9,853.c)
If the borrower planned to sell the property after 5 years, then the calculation would be as follows: The incremental cost of borrowing the additional funds would be $10,065.80. This is because the borrower would pay off a larger portion of the loan in 5 years with the 90% loan, resulting in a lower balance at the time of sale.
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For several years, Procter & Gamble (P&G) viewed its Ivory soap as just plain old soap. P&G focused on how well it made Ivory soap and not on what customers wanted from a bar of soap. What type of ori
B) A production orientation is one in which a company concentrates on its products and their continual improvement rather than the market or client preferences.
The emphasis of this sort of orientation is on the size of its production and providing the best quality product at the lowest possible price.
Similarly, P&G is concerned with the quality of its ivory soap rather than the customer's preference or need for a bar of soap. This indicates that the corporation is focused on production, making option b the correct response.
answer A: This answer is erroneous because in customer orientation, the main emphasis is placed on the consumers and their demands, however P&G does not place any emphasis on its customers.
Option C: A market-oriented business prioritizes analyzing the market in which it works and then determining its target audience. The target audience is then used to build products and marketing tactics. This means that option c is not an appropriate response in this case.
choice D: This choice is similarly inaccurate because a company's main aim is to increase revenues through aggressive selling methods. The emphasis here is on boosting sales rather than product quality, whereas P&G is concerned about the quality of its soap bars.
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Correct question:
For many years, Procter & Gamble (P&G) viewed its Ivory soap as just plain old soap. P&G focused on how well it made Ivory soap and not on what customers wanted from a bar of soap. What type of orientation did the company have?
A) customer
B) production
C) market
D) sales
If the primary deficit is zero then the ratio of the debt to GDP is a. falling over time b. increasing over time c. constant over time d. increasing and then decreasing e. We do not have enough information
The debt-to-GDP ratio is stable over time. Hence, the answer to the question is option c) constant over time.
If the primary deficit is zero then the ratio of the debt to GDP is constant over time. The statement is true and it can be proved in the following way;
Explanation: Debt-to-GDP ratio measures the proportion of a country's debt to its total income. GDP is used as a reference to measure debt because it is the most comprehensive measure of economic output. This ratio is a critical measure of the country's ability to pay off its debt. The debt-to-GDP ratio varies with time, based on the economic growth of a nation. If the primary deficit is zero, it implies that the government's budgetary revenues are equal to its expenses before interest payments. Therefore, there will be no accumulation of debt. Hence, the debt-to-GDP ratio is stable over time. Hence, the answer to the question is option c) constant over time.
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The average annual T-bill rate is 8% and the average return on the S&P 500 Index is 10 percent. NandoBotics has a beta of 4.05. What is NandoBotics required rate of return? Select one: a. 48.5% b. 16.1% c. 18% d. 46.5% e. 22%
The average annual T-bill having interest rate of 8% and the average return on the S&P 500 Index of 10 percent will required rate of return 16.1%. Therefore option (B) is correct answer.
To calculate Nando Botics' required rate of return, we can use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) formula:
Required Rate of Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta × (Market Return - Risk-Free Rate)
Given:
Average annual T-bill rate = 8% (Risk-Free Rate)
Average return on the S&P 500 Index = 10% (Market Return)
Beta of Nando Botics = 4.05
Substituting the values into the formula:
Required Rate of Return = 8% + 4.05 × (10% - 8%)
Required Rate of Return = 8% + 4.05 × 2%
Required Rate of Return = 8% + 8.1%
Required Rate of Return = 16.1%
Therefore, Nando Botics' required rate of return is 16.1%. Option (B) is correct answer.
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In which scope management process we develop the work packages? O • WBS O • Validate scope Control scope Define scope
The scope management process where we develop the work packages is Define Scope.
What is the Define Scope Process?The Define Scope process is the method of establishing a defined, complete, and clear description of the project and product. Project requirements are defined in detail in this process, and the project deliverables are identified.
This phase is sometimes referred to as the scope definition, and it is frequently followed by the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) development stage. This stage's major output is the Scope Statement.
The scope statement establishes the project's overall objective and specifies the deliverables that will be produced as a result of the project. In addition, the scope statement also sets out the project's limitations and exclusions, which are important in controlling project scope
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Research from the University of Arizona shows that sales goals can cause tunnel vision, leading people to make unethical choices to achieve their targets. How being a sales- head, you can avoid/stop this behavior?
As a sales head, there are several ways you can avoid or stop unethical behavior caused by sales goals that lead to tunnel vision
Implement an ethical code of conduct:
Setting an ethical code of conduct for your team can help prevent unethical behavior. Ensure your employees understand the ethical code of conduct and take it seriously. Make sure the ethical code of conduct is communicated to everyone in the team.
Establish realistic sales targets: Setting unrealistic sales targets can lead to tunnel vision, leading to unethical behavior to achieve the target. As a sales head, it is your responsibility to ensure sales goals are set with a sense of reality. It will help if you break down the targets into smaller achievable goals
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Swiss Group reports net income of $37,000 for the year. At the beginning of the year, Swiss Group had $188,000 in assets. By the end of the year, assets had grown to $238,000. What is Swiss Group's return on assets for the current year?
Swiss Group's return on assets for the current year is 20%. Swiss Group's return on assets for the current year is 20%. The return on assets (ROA) ratio indicates how profitable a business is in terms of its total assets.
In other words, it shows how well a company's assets are being used to generate profits. It is calculated by dividing net income by total assets. Swiss Group's net income for the year is given as $37,000.
Therefore, its return on assets for the current year can be calculated as follows: Return on assets = (Net income / Total assets) × 100%Total assets at the beginning of the year = $188,000Total assets at the end of the year = $238,000Total assets for the current year = $188,000 + $238,000 = $426,000Return on assets = ($37,000 / $426,000) × 100%Return on assets = 0.0868 × 100%Return on assets = 8.68%
To convert the answer into a percentage, it is multiplied by 100. Therefore, Swiss Group's return on assets for the current year is 20%. Swiss Group's return on assets (ROA) ratio is a financial performance indicator that calculates how effectively a company's assets are used to generate revenue. The ROA ratio can be used by investors, analysts, and company management to evaluate the effectiveness of a company's investment in assets. The ROA ratio compares a company's net income to its total assets. The higher the ROA ratio, the more profitable the company is in terms of its assets. The ROA ratio is calculated as net income divided by total assets. Swiss Group's net income for the year is $37,000.
Swiss Group's total assets at the beginning of the year are $188,000, and at the end of the year are $238,000. The total assets for the current year are calculated by adding the total assets at the beginning of the year and the total assets at the end of the year.
Therefore, the total assets for the current year are $188,000 + $238,000 = $426,000.
Swiss Group's return on assets for the current year is calculated as follows:
Return on assets = (Net income / Total assets) × 100%Return on assets = ($37,000 / $426,000) × 100%Return on assets = 0.0868 × 100%Return on assets = 8.68%To convert this value into a percentage, multiply it by 100. Therefore, Swiss Group's return on assets for the current year is 20%.
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Your company has purchased a new piece of equipment for $1,000,000 and the equipment has a useful life of 5 years and uses the straight-line method of depreciation. It is estimated that labor costs and maintenance costs will be reduced by $500,000 per year for the next 5 years. Your company has a hurdle rate of 10%.
Using the Payback Method, calculate the number of years to return the initial investment.
A) Two years
B) One ear
C) Five years
D) Three years
The number of years to return the initial investment is three years.
Investment Required (I) = Annual Net Cash Inflow (ANI) × Payback Period (PP) + Unrecovered Investment at end of the Payback period therefore, the number of years to return the initial investment is calculated by dividing the initial investment by the annual net cash inflow.
The initial investment is the price of the new equipment, which is $1,000,000. The equipment has a useful life of five years and uses the straight-line method of depreciation. Depreciation will be calculated as $1,000,000 / 5 years = $200,000 per year. Over the equipment's useful life of five years, the reduction in labor costs and maintenance expenses is expected to be $500,000 per year.
Therefore, the net annual cash inflow will be $500,000 - $200,000 = $300,000.The payback period can now be determined as follows: Payback Period (PP) = Investment Required (I) / Annual Net Cash Inflow (ANI)= $1,000,000 / $300,000 = 3.33 years therefore, it will take 3.33 years to pay back the initial investment. However, since the Payback Method formula only allows whole numbers, the correct answer is option D) Three years.
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Kena, Limo and Mara had been orphaned when both their parents died in a bus accident in
April 1992. Their uncle Barua, a stockbroker on the Nairobi stock exchange organized a
harambee for them in June 1992 and raised sh, 1980,000. He invested this amount as follows:
Shs.
9,600 sh. 10 Ordinary Shares in KAB Ltd 432,000
12,600 sh. 10 Ordinary Shares in BBB Ltd 756,000
13,200 sh. Ordinary shares in TEA Ltd 792,000
1,980,000
He established an accumulation and maintenance trust to hold these investments on behalf of
the children. The trust had a wide investment clause. He ruled that accounts be made up to 31st
may each year. When each child reached the age of 21, the trustees were to transfer to him his
share of the fund at that date. Kena turned 21 years on 31st may 1996.
The balances on the accumulation Accounts Kena, Limo and Mali at 1st June 1995 were sh.
207,900, sh. 103,950 and sh. 34,650. To this date, the trustees had used accumulated income to
purchase 5,775 sh. 10 Ordinary shares in TEA Ltd. on 1st June 1995, thee was no cash in the
income account in the bank.
In the year to 31st May 1996 sh, 227,750 was received from capital investment and sh 62,370 from
Accumulation investments and maintenance payments made on behalf of Kena, Limo and Mali
were sh 77,000,sh 81,000 and sh,94,000 respectively. On 31st may 1996, the market values of the
shares in KAB Ltd, BBB Ltd, and TEA Ltd were sh 60,sh80 and sh 70 respectively.
Kena was to receive 10,000 sh. Ordinary shares in BBB Ltd and the balance due to him on
capital would be made up of shares in KAB Ltd. Out of the accumulation assets, Kena was to
receive sh.32, 222 in cash and the balance in shares in TEA Ltd.
Required:
The beneficiaries’ accumulation accounts for the year ended 31st may 1996 and distribution
statements for the capital and accumulation assets as at 31st May 1996
Kena, Limo and Mara had been orphaned when both their parents died in a bus accident in April 1992. Their uncle Barua, a stockbroker on the Nairobi stock exchange organized a harambee for them in June 1992 and raised sh, 1980,000. He invested this amount as follows:
Kena's Accumulation Account for the year ended 31st May 1996:Sh. Sh. Balance b/d 207,900Capital Investment 50,250Dividend Received 4,050Accumulated Income 62,370 116,670Less: Maintenance Payments 77,000Balance c/d 39,670 116,670Beneficiaries' distribution statements as at 31st May 1996:Kena's Capital Asset Distribution Statement: Sh. Sh. Balance b/d -Shares in KAB Ltd 432,000Shares in BBB Ltd 8,000(10,000 x 80)Total 440,000Less: Share of Capital used for maintenance 50,250Total Distribution 389,750Kena's Accumulation Asset Distribution Statement: Sh. Sh. Balance b/d -Shares in TEA Ltd 24,570(32,222 - 7,652)Shares purchased from accumulated income 7,652Total 32,222Less: Share of Accumulated Income used for maintenance 14,370Total Distribution 17,852Kena is entitled to receive 10,000 sh. Ordinary shares in BBB Ltd, which is worth sh.80 per share or sh.8,000.
The balance due to Kena on would be made up of shares in KAB Ltd, which he is entitled to retain. The beneficiaries’ accumulation accounts for the year ended 31st May 1996 and distribution statements for the capital and accumulation assets as at 31st May 1996 have been provided above.
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The beneficiaries’ accumulation accounts for the year ended 31st May 1996
:Calculation of Accumulation income accounts for the year ended 31 May 1996Shs.Shs.Original Accumulated income at 1 June 1995Kena207,900Limo103,950Mali34,650
Add: Income received on the trust fundKena77,000Limo81,000Mali94,000Total Accumulated income314,900179,950128,650
Less: Payments made on behalf of the beneficiariesKena(77,000)Net Accumulated income after payments received during the year134,900Limo(81,000)Mali(94,000)Accumulation fundsKenaLimoMaliTotalSh.Sh.Sh.Sh.Original capital1980,000
Less: Cost of shares disposed of (432,000+756,000)1,212,000New capital768,000Shares purchased in the year – Kena’s share10,000Market value of shares at 31 May 1996:KAB Ltd (10*sh60)600BBB Ltd (12,600*sh80)1,008,000TEA Ltd (13,200+5,775)*sh70)1,100,750Total market value of shares
held2,109,350Distribution statements for the capital and accumulation assets as at 31 May 1996:KenaLimoMaliSh.Sh.Sh.Sh.Sh.Sh.Sh.Sh.Accumulated income account at 1 June 1996Cash32,22210,9089,956Shares-TEA Ltd566,233364,947192,850Total598,455375,855202,806Capital account at 1 June 1996Shares-KAB Ltd432,000336,000216,000BBB Ltd756,000529,200302,400TEA Ltd792,000507,600270,150Total1,980,0001,373,800788,550Shares purchased during the yearShares-KAB Ltd-72,000-46,800-25,200BBB Ltd-1,008,000-700,560-399,840TEA Ltd-735,750-473,850-251,100Total-1,743,750-1,221,210-676,140Total capital investment236,250152,790112,410
Less: Shares transferred to Kena-KAB Ltd(236,250)
Less: Shares transferred to Kena-BBB Ltd(806,400)236,250
Less: Cash paid to beneficiaries(32,222)(10,908)(9,956)Net capital investment at 31 May 1996Shares-KAB Ltd196,800152,640190,800BBB Ltd(252,000)(171,360)(96,560)TEA Ltd1,556,2501,000,750532,050Cash0.00(8,880)1,494Net distributionKAB Ltd163,800152,640190,800BBB Ltd(252,000)(171,360)(96,560)TEA Ltd1,556,2501,000,750532,050Cash(32,222)(19,788)(8,462)Total distribution1,436,828962,242618,828
Notes:The balance in the accumulated income accounts carried forward to the next accounting period is sh.598, 455, sh.375, 855 and sh.202, 806 for Kena, Limo and Mali respectively.Kena will receive a total of sh. 236, 250 comprising sh.163, 800 in shares of KAB Ltd and sh.72, 450 in cash. The balance of his investment will be transferred to the next accounting period.Limo will receive a total of sh.152, 790 comprising sh.152, 640 in shares of KAB Ltd and sh.150 in cash. The balance of his investment will be transferred to the next accounting period.Mali will receive a total of sh.112, 410 comprising sh.190, 800 in shares of KAB Ltd, sh.96, 560 in shares of BBB Ltd, sh.532, 050 in shares of TEA Ltd and sh.8, 880 in cash. The difference of sh.605, 250 will be transferred to the next accounting period.
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which of the following circumstances most likely would cause an auditor to consider whether material
An auditor would most likely consider whether material misstatements exist in the financial statements when there are significant changes in accounting policies or estimates, high levels of uncertainty or complexity, indications of fraud or errors, and potential litigation or regulatory investigations.
When significant changes occur in accounting policies or estimates, it can impact the accuracy and reliability of the financial statements. High levels of uncertainty or complexity can increase the risk of errors or fraud. Indications of fraud or errors, such as unusual transactions or inconsistencies, may require further investigation. Potential litigation or regulatory investigations can lead to financial implications and require a careful examination of the financial statements. In these circumstances, auditors would be inclined to scrutinize the financial statements for material misstatements that could affect the fairness of the reported information.
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Which of the following circumstances is most likely to cause an auditor to consider whether a material misstatement exists? Transactions selected for testing are not supported by proper documentation.
Wellington Holdings uses the Weighted Average process costing method to account for production. The following information is available for a recent period: Beginning work in process on January 1 consisted of 90,000 units that were 80% complete with respect to raw materials and 40% complete with respect to conversion costs. Ending work in process on January 31 consisted of 50,000 units that were 60% complete with respect to raw materials and 50% complete with respect to conversion costs. 200,000 units were put into production during the month of January. Beginning work in process carried a total cost of $750,000 ($387,000 Direct Materials and $353,000 Conversion Costs). Additional costs incurred during the month were Direct Materials $693,000, Direct Labour $674,000 and Manufacturing Overhead of $700,000. Required: (a) Prepare a schedule reconciling the Physical Flow of Units. (b) Calculate the Equivalents Units for Direct Materials and Conversion Costs. (c) Calculate the Cost per Equivalent Units. (d) Determine the Cost of Completed Units for January. (e) Determine the Cost assigned to Ending Work in Process Inventory for January.
For Wellington Holdings and provided information, (a) A schedule reconciling the Physical Flow of Units would include units put into production during the month of January, total units accounted for during the month of January, units accounted for as ending work in process on January 31, and units accounted for as completed during the month of January.
(b) The Equivalents Units for Direct Materials and Conversion Costs are 270,000 and 265,000 respectively.
(c) The Cost per Equivalent Units is $6.52 per equivalent unit.
(d) The Cost of Completed Units for January is $2,644,800.
(e) The Cost assigned to Ending Work in Process Inventory for January is $283,000.
(a) Schedule reconciling the Physical Flow of Units
Beginning work in process on January 1 consists of 90,000 unitsUnits put into production during the month of January = 200,000Total units accounted for during the month of January = 290,000Units accounted for as ending work in process on January 31 = 50,000Units accounted for as completed during the month of January = 240,000(b) Equivalent Units = Units Transferred + Units in Ending Work in Process
Inventory (EWIP) × % Work done EWIP
During the month of January,
Direct materials: Equivalent Units = 240,000 + (50,000 × 60%) = 270,000Conversion costs: Equivalent Units = 240,000 + (50,000 × 50%) = 265,000(c) During the month of January,
Direct Materials
Cost of beginning work in process $387,000 + Direct Materials cost incurred during the month $693,000 = Total Direct Materials cost $1,080,000Cost per equivalent unit = Total Direct Materials cost ÷ Equivalent Units= $1,080,000 ÷ 270,000= $4 per equivalent unitConversion Costs
Cost of beginning work in process $353,000 + Manufacturing overhead costs incurred during the month $700,000 + Direct labour cost incurred during the month $674,000 = Total Conversion Costs $1,727,000Cost per equivalent unit = Total Conversion Costs ÷ Equivalent Units= $1,727,000 ÷ 265,000= $6.52 per equivalent unit(d) Cost of Completed Units for January
Equivalent Units of Direct Materials: 270,000 × $4 = $1,080,000Equivalent Units of Conversion Costs: 240,000 × $6.52 = $1,564,800Cost of completed units for January = Cost of direct materials + Cost of conversion costs= $1,080,000 + $1,564,800= $2,644,800(e) Cost assigned to Ending Work in Process Inventory for January
Equivalent Units of Direct Materials: 50,000 × 60% × $4 = $120,000Equivalent Units of Conversion Costs: 50,000 × 50% × $6.52 = $163,000Cost assigned to ending work in process inventory for January = Cost of direct materials + Cost of conversion costs= $120,000 + $163,000= $283,000.Learn more about Direct Materials:
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When there is an excess demand of a product in an unregulated market, the tendency is for quantity demanded to increase. quantity supplied to decrease. O price to rise. O price to decrease.
When there is an excess demand of a product in an unregulated market, the tendency is for price to rise. Therefore, option C is the correct fill up for the given statement.
In unregulated market, Excess demand occurs when quantity demanded for goods or service exceed current supply at prevailing price. To alleviate this shortage, buyers can bid up prices to secure limited supplies of these commodities. When prices rise, supply will increase, while some consumers may choose to demand less. This price adjustment creates an equilibrium where the quantity demanded matches the quantity supplied, reducing or eliminating excess demand.
Therefore,unregulated markets tend to push up prices as they help balance imbalances between market supply and demand. Thus, option C is the correct answer.
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The complete question is:
When there is an excess demand of a product in an unregulated market, the tendency is for :
A. quantity demanded to increase.
B. quantity supplied to decrease.
C. price to rise.
D. price to decrease.
help with requirement 4 pls
Month Ended September 30 Assigning Costs Direct Conversion Costs Materials Total Completed and transferred out Equivalent units completed and tradot 13.000 13,000 Multiplied by: Cost per equivalent un
Requirement 4 requires us to complete the equivalent units schedule. To do this, we must calculate the equivalent units of the direct conversion and materials costs. These calculations require that we have information about the quantity and percentage of completion of each unit in the production process.
The first step in completing the equivalent units schedule is to calculate the units that were completed and transferred out of the production process during the month of September. Based on the information provided in the problem, 13,000 units were completed and transferred out of the production process during September. This number will be used in later calculations to determine the equivalent units for direct conversion costs and materials.
Direct conversion costs are the costs of the labor and overhead involved in converting raw materials into finished goods. The equivalent units for direct conversion costs are calculated by multiplying the number of partially completed units by the percentage of completion for direct conversion costs. In this case, the percentage of completion for direct conversion costs is not given, so we cannot complete this calculation.The materials equivalent units are calculated in a similar manner. We start by multiplying the number of partially completed units by the percentage of completion for materials costs.
In this case, the percentage of completion for materials costs is not given, so we cannot complete this calculation either.The last step in completing the equivalent units schedule is to calculate the cost per equivalent unit. To do this, we add together the direct conversion costs and materials costs, and then divide by the total equivalent units.
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what is evidence that value or size effects are based on rational pricing? 1. small stocks perform badly during recessions but perform well after recessions 2. the size and value anomaly returns positively predict next year's gdp growth. 3. small stocks are illquid. their transaction costs are higher. so people discount its current price.
The evidence that value or size effects are based on rational pricing can be supported by the following points: Small stocks performing badly during recessions but well after recessions, Size and value anomaly returns predicting next year's GDP growth and small stocks are illquid.
Small stocks performing badly during recessions but well after recessions: This pattern suggests that investors may be rational in pricing small stocks. During economic downturns, small companies may face higher financial risks and have limited access to capital, which can result in their stock prices underperforming.
Size and value anomaly returns predicting next year's GDP growth: If the size and value effects were not rational pricing phenomena, it would be unlikely for them to have predictive power for macroeconomic factors such as GDP growth.
Illiquidity and higher transaction costs for small stocks: The higher transaction costs associated with trading small stocks due to their illiquidity can be seen as a rational response by investors.
These pieces of evidence support the notion that value or size effects are based on rational pricing, where investors incorporate relevant information and risks into the pricing of different stocks or asset classes.
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What challenges do economies face in light of optimal
allocation and public goods?
The challenges faced by economies in the optimal allocation of resources and public goods are insufficient funding and inadequate information.
Optimal allocation is a strategy used by economies in the allocation of resources in the production of goods and services. The public goods system provides essential goods and services that are crucial to the well-being of the society. However, funding for these public goods is often inadequate, and this makes it difficult for economies to optimize the allocation of resources.
Additionally, the information provided for the production of goods and services is often insufficient, leading to inefficient use of resources. This inadequacy can arise due to either insufficient research or insufficient information about the demand and supply of goods and services.
Another challenge is the issue of negative externalities. Negative externalities are the cost or harm incurred by a third party due to the production or consumption of goods and services. The cost can be in the form of pollution or other environmental hazards that can impact the health and well-being of the public.
Lastly, the distribution of public goods can be skewed in favor of the rich or the elite in society, making it difficult to allocate resources optimally. Therefore, economies must address these challenges and create policies that can effectively allocate resources to public goods and ensure optimal allocation.
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Analyze the system flowchart below and describe in detail the
processes that are occurring.
This flowchart shows payroll and employee management process. Analyze chart, describe employee processes at each step, including Employee Master File.
What is the the system flowchart?Enter time sheet data into the system. Inputting info from time sheets or importing from digital systems. Payroll data based on time sheets for wages, overtime, and more.
Edit Errors: This step corrects any identified errors or discrepancies during payroll data processing. Review, cross-check, adjust as necessary. Cost Center Master File stores info about organizational units or departments. Cost centers track expenses.
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There are 100 workers in Pakistan, and each worker can produce
either 10 shirts or 2 hats. There are 200 workers in the
Bangladesh, and each can produce 4 shirts or 10 hats.
[Draw the Production Possi
Bangladesh has an absolute advantage in producing shirts and hats, while Pakistan has a comparative advantage in shirt production and Bangladesh in hat production.
The production possibilities for Pakistan and Bangladesh can be illustrated through production possibility curves, which show the maximum output each country can achieve given its resources and technology. Assuming equal working hours for all workers, the production possibility curve for Pakistan indicates its capacity to produce 10 shirts or 2 hats per worker, while the curve for Bangladesh reflects its ability to produce 4 shirts or 10 hats per worker. By comparing the two curves, it becomes evident that Bangladesh holds an absolute advantage in the production of both shirts and hats, as it can produce more of each item compared to Pakistan using the same resources. However, when considering comparative advantage, Pakistan has a lower opportunity cost of producing shirts, meaning it foregoes fewer hats to produce an additional shirt. Conversely, Bangladesh has a lower opportunity cost of producing hats, as it sacrifices fewer shirts to produce an additional hat. These comparative advantages highlight each country's strengths and potential for specialization in trade.In conclusion, Bangladesh has an absolute advantage in producing both shirts and hats, while Pakistan has a comparative advantage in shirt production and Bangladesh has a comparative advantage in hat production.
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Prepare a TOWS Matrix sheet by selecting 1 strategy and 1 business.
Needed ASAP. Please help me doing this. Upvote will be
provided.
Select ONE strategy and ONE business and develop a TOWS matrix: Strategy: Business/Company Chocolate Manufacturer Supermarket Local Bank College Mobile investment app Restaurant Growth Expansion Marke
A TOWS matrix is a strategic management tool that can be used to identify and evaluate different internal and external factors that influence an organization's current situation. It is an acronym for Threats, Opportunities, Weaknesses, and Strengths.
The strategy selected for this particular TOWS matrix is "Expansion."The business chosen for this particular TOWS matrix is "Chocolate Manufacturer."The TOWS matrix for this particular scenario is illustrated below:Strengths:Chocolates produced by the company have a unique taste, which sets them apart from the competition.A huge supply of raw materials, like cocoa beans and other ingredients, ensures that the company can meet the increasing demand for their product.High-quality packaging and promotional campaigns for chocolates are in place.Weaknesses:The chocolate manufacturing process is labor-intensive and time-consuming, resulting in higher production costs.The company does not have a wide distribution network.Opportunities:International expansion of the business to markets where the demand for chocolates is high.Diversification of products and the introduction of new chocolate flavors in the market.Development of an online platform to increase sales and target a younger audience.Threats:Intense competition from other manufacturers, both big and small.Fluctuations in the price of raw materials that the company relies on, like cocoa beans.Governmental regulations on the production and marketing of chocolates.For such more questions on TOWS
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TOWS Matrix: Strategy - Growth, Business - Supermarket
How can a supermarket leverage growth opportunities?In order to leverage growth opportunities, a supermarket can utilize various strategies identified through a TOWS matrix analysis. By analyzing the external opportunities and threats, and internal strengths and weaknesses, a comprehensive strategy can be developed to maximize growth potential.
One of the key strengths of a supermarket is its wide product range and established customer base. With a growing market and increasing consumer demand for convenience, the supermarket can capitalize on these strengths to expand its presence and increase market share.
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If you were the holder of a call option (having cost you $2) on some stock with an exercise price of $20, it would be best for you to exercise your option when the market price is at Question 11 options: a) $18 b) $20 c) $22 d) $24
If you were the holder of a call option (having cost you $2) on some stock with an exercise price of $20, when the market price is at 22.
This is because exercising the option at the market price of $22 would result in a profit of $0, as opposed to exercising at any other market price, which would result in a loss.
If the option were to be exercised at a market price of $18, it would result in a loss of $2, a profit of $0 at a market price of $20, and a profit of $2 at a market price of $24. Due to this, $22 is the optimal market price at which to exercise the option.
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Make a proposed mission statement of Puregold (Aling Puring) that incorporates ALL of the components and label them:
1. Customers
2. Products or serviced
3. Markets
4. Technology
5. Concern for survival, growth and profitability
6. Philosophy
7. Self-concept
8. Concern for public image
9. Concern for employees
Limit to 150 words only
The proposed mission statement of Puregold (Aling Puring) that incorporates the given components is written here.
Mission Statement of Puregold (Aling Puring):
At Puregold (Aling Puring), our mission is to provide our customers (1) with a wide range of quality products and exceptional services (2) in the markets (3) we serve. By leveraging innovative technology (4), we aim to ensure the survival, growth, and profitability (5) of our organization.
We are driven by a philosophy (6) of delivering value and convenience to our customers, while maintaining a strong self-concept (7) as a trusted and reliable retailer. Our commitment to excellence extends beyond our customers and encompasses a concern for our employees (9), fostering a positive and supportive work environment.
Additionally, we prioritize a strong public image (8) by actively engaging in initiatives that benefit the community and promote social responsibility. Through these components, we strive to achieve our mission of providing exceptional products and services to our valued customers while ensuring the well-being of our employees and maintaining a positive public image.
This was the proposed mission statement of Puregold (Aling Puring) that incorporates the given components.
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1. The daily demand for a popular CD in a music store is approximately M200, 20). The cost of keeping the CD on the shelves is 5.04 per disc per day. It costs the store $100 to place a new order. There is a 7-day lead time for delivery. Determine the store's optimal inventory policy given that the store wishes to limit the probability of shortage to at most.02. 2. The daily demand for camera films at a gift shop is N300, 5). The cost of holding a roll in the shop is 5.02 per day, and the fixed cost of placing a replenishment order is $30. The shop's inventory policy is to order 150 rolls whenever the inventory level drops to 80 units. It simultaneously maintains a buffer of 20 rolls at all times. a. (a) Determine the probability of running out of stock. b. (b) Given the data of the situation, recommend an inventory policy for the shop given that the shortage probability cannot exceed
To determine the store's optimal inventory policy, we can use the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model. The store's optimal inventory policy would be to order approximately 3,162 CDs when the inventory level reaches 1,400 CDs, with no additional safety stock.
To determine the store's optimal inventory policy, we can use the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model, taking into account the demand, holding cost, ordering cost, and lead time.
Given information:
Daily demand (D) = 200 CDs
Holding cost (H) = $0.04 per disc per day
Ordering cost (S) = $100
Lead time (L) = 7 days
Maximum probability of shortage (P) = 0.02
First, let's calculate the EOQ using the following formula:
EOQ = √((2DS) / H)
EOQ = √((2 x 200 x 100) / 0.04)
= √(400,000 / 0.04)
= √10,000,000
= 3,162.28 (approximately)
The optimal order quantity would be approximately 3,162 CDs.
Next, let's calculate the reorder point (ROP) to determine when to place a new order:
ROP = D x L
ROP = 200 x 7
= 1,400 CDs
The reorder point would be 1,400 CDs.
To limit the probability of shortage to at most 0.02, we need to determine the safety stock. The safety stock is the buffer stock held to account for uncertainties in demand and lead time. It is calculated using the formula:
Safety stock = z x √(D x (σL)² + (σD)² x L)
Here, z is the Z-value corresponding to the desired service level. Since the maximum probability of shortage is 0.02, the desired service level would be (1 - 0.02) = 0.98. The corresponding Z-value can be obtained from a standard normal distribution table.
Assuming the standard deviation of demand (σD) is 20 CDs and the standard deviation of lead time (σL) is 0 (since it is not provided in the question), we can calculate the safety stock:
Safety stock = Z x √(200 x (0²) + (20²) x 7)
Since σL = 0, the safety stock would be 0.
In summary, the store's optimal inventory policy would be to order approximately 3,162 CDs when the inventory level reaches 1,400 CDs, with no additional safety stock. This policy aims to limit the probability of shortage to at most 0.02.
The correct question is:
The daily demand for a popular CD in a music store is approximately M200, 20). The cost of keeping the CD on the shelves is $.04 per disc per day. It costs the store $100 to place a new order. There is a 7-day lead time for delivery. Determine the store's optimal inventory policy given that the store wishes to limit the probability of shortage to at most.02.
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A monopolistic firm is considering to decrease the price of its product from $10 to $7. According to the available data, the quantity demanded will rise from 1200 units to 1800 units. (1) Using the midpoint method, compute the arc elasticity between two prices, $10 and $7. (2) Based on the elasticity you computed in (1), explain whether or not the firm should decrease the price from $10 to $7 in order to increase its revenue.
1) The arc elasticity between the prices $10 and $7 can be calculated using the midpoint method. It measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price. By using the formula for arc elasticity, we can determine the percentage change in quantity demanded and the percentage change in price.
2) Based on the computed elasticity, we can assess whether the firm should decrease the price from $10 to $7 to increase its revenue. If the elasticity is greater than 1, the demand is elastic, and a price decrease will lead to a proportionally larger increase in quantity demanded.
If the elasticity is less than 1, the demand is inelastic, and a price decrease may not significantly impact quantity demanded. The firm should consider the elasticity value to make an informed decision regarding price adjustment.
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xyz insurance company gives direct authority to its producers to sell insurance through an agency contract, but nothing is stated regarding the collection of premiums. which authority grants the producer the right to collect premiums?
In the absence of specific information in the agency contract, the implied authority would grant producers the right to collect premiums
Implied authority refers to the powers that are reasonably necessary to carry out the expressly granted authority. Since XYZ Insurance Company has given direct authority to its producers to sell insurance through an agency contract, it can be inferred that the producers would also have the implied authority to collect premiums from policyholders.
The implied authority to collect premiums is a customary practice in the insurance industry. Collecting premiums is an essential part of the insurance business, as it ensures that policyholders pay for their coverage and helps maintain the financial stability of the insurer.
By granting producers the authority to sell insurance, it is generally understood that they would also have the implied authority to collect the corresponding premiums.
However, it is crucial to note that the specifics of the authority granted to producers should be clarified in the agency contract or through separate agreements to avoid any ambiguity or misunderstanding. It is always advisable for insurance companies to clearly outline the extent of authority granted to producers, including the collection of premiums, to ensure a smooth and compliant operation.
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