A chemical is any substance whose composition is known. A chemical always consists of the same "substance," to put it another way. Water is one of the substances found in nature.
What makes chemistry simple?Chemical science is the branch of natural science that investigates the composition of substances as well as their properties and reactions. It is defined as the study of matter options include chemistry.
Chemical biology: what is it?The study of chemistry and biology is combined in a field of research known as chemical biology. To study and influence biological processes, chemists commonly utilize analytical tools, tiny compounds produced by synthetic chemistry, and chemical instrumentation.
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1. Mention the 4 methods of separation. Explain each method with diagrams and give suitable examples.
2. Define and give 2 examples for each of the above.
Using techniques like distillation, filtration, and chromatography, which employ variations in the components of a mixture's physical qualities to separate them, mixtures can be physically separated.
What is the separation approach, with an example?Filtration is the most used technique for separating a liquid from an insoluble material. Consider the combination of sand and water, for instance. Here, solid particles are eliminated from the liquid through filtration. Different filtering agents, such as filter paper or other materials, are frequently utilized.
What types of separation techniques are there?Filtration, hand-picking, threshing, winnowing, sieving, sedimentation and decantation, magnetic separation, centrifugation, evaporation, distillation, and other processes are a few of the mixture preparation techniques that are covered in detail in this article.
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Balance the following equation: B2O3(s) + HF(l) BF3(g) + H2O(l) A. B2O3(s) + 6HF(I) -> 2BF3(g) + 3H2O(l) B. B2O3(s) + H6F6(l) -> B2F6(g) + H6O3(l) C.B2O3(s) + 2HF(l) -> 2BF3(g) + H2O(l) D. B2O3(s) + 3HF(l) -> 2BF3(g) + 3H2O(1) E. B2O3(s) + 6HF(l) -> 2BF3(g) + 6H2O(1)
B2O3 (s) + 6HF (l) ---------> 2BF3 (g) + 3 H2O (l) is the balanced equation.
A chemical equation is a graphical representation of the a chemical reaction using symbols but also chemical formulas. The reactant enterprises are on the left, and the product entities are on the right, with a plus sign between both the entities both the reactants and products, as well as an arrow pointing towards the products to indicate the reaction's direction.
Given reaction is
B2O3 (s) + HF (l) ---------> BF3 (g) + H2O (l)
On left side 2 B atoms. To equalize B atoms , put coefficient 2 for BF3.
B2O3 (s) + HF (l) ---------> 2BF3 (g) + H2O (l)
Now on right side 6 F atoms. To equalize F atoms , put coefficient 6 for HF.
B2O3 (s) + 6HF (l) ---------> 2BF3 (g) + H2O (l)
Now on right side 6 H atoms. To equalize H atoms , put coefficient 3 for H2O.
B2O3 (s) + 6HF (l) ---------> 2BF3 (g) + 3 H2O (l)
Now all atoms are balanced.
Therefore, balanced equation is B2O3 (s) + 6HF (l) ---------> 2BF3 (g) + 3 H2O (l)
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An atom of which element has the greatest attraction for the electrons in a bond with a hydrogen atom
Answer: Fluorine
Explanation: There are many variables that can affect the strenght of attraction of the electrons in a chemical bond.
The most significant of them is the electronegativity: a meassure of the affinity an element has with the electrons . The higher the electronegativity, the stronger the attraction with electrons.
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How many grams of NaCl, m.w. 58.5 daltons, are necessary to make 1 liter of 5% saline? A. 58.5 B.1 C. 6.02 X 10^23 0.2.9 E. 50
29.25 grams of NaCl, m.w. 58.5 daltons, are necessary to make 1 liter of 5% saline.
Molar concentration is a unit of measurement for the concentration of a chemical species, specifically a solute, in a solution, expressed as the amount of substance per unit volume of solution. The most often used unit for molarity in chemistry is the number of moles per litre, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units.
A solution's concentration is defined as the quantity of solute present in a given amount of solution. The concentration of any solution is defined as the solute divided by the volume of the solvent or solution. When represented as a percentage, it is known as mass by volume percent.
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Select the single best answer. Predict the shape of XeF3*. tetrahedral seesaw T-shaped trigonal pyramidal trigonal planar trigonal bipyramidal
According to the molecular geometry, the shape of XeF₃[tex]^+[/tex] is T-shaped as there is less anti-bonding interaction.
What is molecular geometry?Molecular geometry can be defined as a three -dimensional arrangement of atoms which constitute the molecule.It includes parameters like bond length,bond angle and torsional angles.
It influences many properties of molecules like reactivity,polarity color,magnetism .The molecular geometry can be determined by various spectroscopic methods and diffraction methods , some of which are infrared,microwave and Raman spectroscopy.
They provide information about geometry by taking into considerations the vibrational and rotational absorbance of a substance.Neutron and electron diffraction techniques provide information about the distance between nuclei and electron density.
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Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the basic structures of the epidermis-dermis junction
Epidermis' layers are first separated into two main groups: 1. A superficial layer of dead, keratinized cells 2. A layer of live, non-keratinized cells that is inner Malpighian or germinative.
A sophisticated blood artery network makes up the dermis. Two different networks of these vessels are formed: First, the superficial plexus It is made up of linked venules and arterioles.
The dermis contains the epidermal appendages, such as hair follicles and sweat glands, that attach to the skin's surface.
Learn with Quizlet and retain terms from flashcards such as To see the fundamental components of the connection between the epidermis and dermis, drag the labels onto the diagram. To identify the parts of the integumentary system, drag the labels onto the diagram. The following are all.
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What is the "percent
abundance" of the cannellini
beans in this sample?
Sample Number Abundance Mass
of Beans
(%)
(g)
187
1.3
Black
Eyed Peas
Cannellini
Beans
113
[?]
Percent Abundance
2.9
Weighted
Average (g)
1.9
Enter
The "percent abundance" of the cannellini beans in this sample is 11.76 %.
What is percent ?In essence, percentages are fractions with a 100 as the denominator. We place the percent symbol (%) next to the number to indicate that the number is a percentage. For instance, you would have received a 75% grade if you answered 75 out of 100 questions correctly on a test (75/100).
The word percentage comes from the Latin term per centum, which means "by the hundred." In the 16th century, the Latin phrase made its way into English. Later, it was shortened to percent and ended with a period. Later, the period was eliminated, and the two portions were combined to create the current one-word form of percent.
Thus, The "percent abundance" of the cannellini beans in this sample is 11.76 %.
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enter your answer in the provided box.a solution is made by dissolving 0.100 mol of nacl in 7.05 mol of water. what is the mass percent of nacl?
NaCl has a mole fraction of.0.0139.
briefly:-Mole fraction is a unit of concentration, to put it concisely. The mole fraction, which is denoted by "X," is a unit of measurement for the ratio of solute to solvent in a solution.
Mole fraction = solute concentration in mol/solute concentration (mol) plus solvent concentration (mol)
0.1/0.1 + 7.05 = 0.0139 is the mole fraction.
NaCl has a mole fraction of.0.0139 as a result.
How can I calculate the mass percent?To get the mass percent of an element in a compound, multiply the result by 100 after dividing the mass of the element in 1 mole of the compound by the compound's molar mass.
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What is scope 1 scope 2 and scope 3?
Scope 1 emission covers direct emissions from owned or controlled sources. Scope 2 emission covers indirect emissions consumed by the reporting company. Scope 3 emission includes all other indirect emissions that occur in a company’s value chain.
The scopes of emission relates who owns those emissions and the level of control applicable to changing those emission levels at each stage. Scope 1 and 2 emissions are a mandatory part of reporting for many organizations across the world and relate to systems that are within reasonable control of an entity such as onsite and purchased energy. Scope 3 emissions are centered on sources of emissions that are more external to a specific organization such as those across the supply chain. This explains the scopes of emission.
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Answer:
Essentially, scope 1 and 2 are those emissions that are owned or controlled by a company, whereas scope 3 emissions are a consequence of the activities of the company but occur from sources not owned or controlled by it.
Explanation:
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The ___inner core____________ is the hottest layer because it is at the center of the Earth, but pressure from the outer layers makes it solid___________________.
The earth inner core composed of solid iron is the hottest layer because it is at the center of the Earth, but pressure from the outer layers makes it solid layer.
What is the inner Earth core made of?The Earth's inner core contains even more metal than the outer core. Both are mostly comprised of iron with a little amount of nickel. However, lighter elements like oxygen, carbon, and silicon are also assumed to be present in small amounts in the iron.The deepest geologic stratum of the planet Earth is called the inner core. It is mostly a solid ball with a radius of 1,220 km, which is around 20% of the radius of the Earth or 70% of the radius of the Moon.At the very centre of the planet, under the outer core, lies the inner core, which is the Earth's deepest layer. 5150 km or so below the Earth's surface is where the inner and outer cores officially split.Learn more about Earth's inner core refer to :
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How much lead is in pewter?
It is composed of fine metal and has 4% lead in it. The final variety of pewter, called "lay" or "ley" metal, was utilized for objects that were not in direct contact with food or liquids.
How much lead is in pewter?Although numerous lead-containing pewters are still being made for other uses, modern pewters can be found that are fully lead-free. Tin makes up 94% of the standard European casting alloy, together with 1% copper and 5% antimony. 92% tin, 2% copper, and 6% antimony would be the composition of a sheet of European pewter.
Since when is lead no longer added to pewter?Older pewters with a higher lead content weigh more, tarnish more quickly, and develop a darker silver-grey color with time. As required by BS5140, lead was removed from the composition in 1974.
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what is the relationship between d- and l-glucose? group of answer choices they are identical. they are constitutional isomers. they are conformers. they are enantiomers. they are diastereomers.
The opposite of D-glucose is L-glucose. However, D-Glucose cannot superimpose this mirror image. L-Glucose is therefore regarded as the D-Glucose enantiomer.
What distinguishes L-glucose from D-glucose?Each chiral carbon in D- and L-glucose has a different conformation. D-glucose rotates the polarized light plane clockwise to the right, whereas L-glucose rotates it counterclockwise to the right (anticlockwise).
What does it mean that sugars have a D form and a L form?The arrangements of amino acids and carbohydrates are denoted by the letters D and L, respectively. As an arbitrary reference point for the D and L notation in sugar chemistry, glyceraldehyde has been used. Because this has an asymmetric carbon and can exist as two distinct enantiomers.
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what is the chemical structure of: Nitrogen,Oxygen,carbon dioxide
Answer:
Nitrogen is N2
Oxygen is O2
Carbon dioxide is CO2
4. Draw All possible elimination products for the following molecules. In any case where there is more than one product, label the Zaitsev product (Z), and the Hoffman product (H). Where stereochemistry is given, the proton being extracted and the leaving group must have antiperiplanar geometry. In a ring structure, this means a trans relationship is required. (9 points) Br Br ot hr
All elimination products for the given molecules are shown in the attached diagram below.
What is Hoffmann's elimination?Hofmann elimination can be demonstrated as an elimination reaction of an amine to prepare alkenes. The least stable alkene among all the possible products called the Hofmann product is generated from the Hofmann alkene synthesis rule. This rule contradicts Zaitsev's rule which gives the formation of the most stable alkene.
The Hofmann product in the elimination reaction is preferentially formed because of the steric hindrance of the leaving group causing the hydroxide to abstract easily approachable hydrogen.
In the Hofmann elimination, the least substituted alkene will be favorable due to intramolecular steric interactions. The formation of the more substituted alkene product is energetically less favorable than the formation of the Hofmann product.
Therefore, the Hofmann product is preferably formed. In the reaction, less substituted alkene will be formed due to the bulkiness of the other groups.
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What happens to an enzyme after a reaction?
Enzymes aren't reactants and aren't used up in the course of the reaction. Once an enzyme binds to a substrate and catalyzes the reaction, the enzyme is released.
This method that for every reaction, there does now no longer want to be a 1:1 ratio among enzyme and substrate molecules. The response then occurs, changing the substrate into merchandise and forming an enzyme merchandise complicated. The merchandise then go away the energetic site of the enzyme. The first step of an enzyme catalyzed response is catalytic turnover the binding of substrate via way of means of the enzyme the discharge of product dissociation of the ES complicated ES -> E + P. An enzyme-catalyzed response may be more or less divided into 3 stages: enzyme-substrate binding, "catalysis" and product release.
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When 12.2 g of benzoic acid is dissolved in 100g of water the freezing point of solution was?
The freezing point of a solution made up of 12.2 g of benzoic acid and 100 g of water was determined to be 0.93 oC (Kf(H2O)=1.86 K kg mol-1).
What is the remedy?A method for dealing with a problem or issue is called a solution. A multitude of methods can be used to arrive to solutions,
which can take many different shapes.
The best solutions to problems are frequently those that are created in collaboration and make use of the knowledge and resources of everyone participating in the process.
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a clear liquid is placed in an evaporating dish and heated with a lab burner. the liquid disappears leaving a solid white residue which resembles salt crystals. based on this information, which conclusion is a correct?
The conclusion that can be obtained from these observations is that the reaction has gone through a chemical change which produces a new substance called a precipitate.
Precipitates are solid particles (solid) that are usually formed from the agglomeration/synthesis of dissolved/suspended chemical particles in liquids. Precipitation reactions are chemical reactions that occur when a solid is separated from a liquid. Substances that are separate and insoluble in liquid are called precipitates.
Chemical reactions that produce sediment, for example, include the occurrence of carbonate compounds on the bottom of the pot when boiling water. When lime water is blown, a reaction will occur between the lime water and the carbon dioxide produced by breathing.
This question is multiple choice:
were pure substances before they were mixed.are toxic and should be handled with extreme caution.have gone through a chemical change in which a new substance called a precipitate was produced.have been stored too long and are no longer good.Learn more about Precipitation reactions at https://brainly.com/question/20469884
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a car owner decides to leave his car outside on a cold winter day. the next morning, the driver noticed ice on the windshield, a product of deposition. choose the best reason explaining this phenomenon. what happened?
Answer:
Deposition: the process in which a gas changes directly to a solid without going through the liquid stage.
In the above given exam the wind and cold blowing on a cold winter day formed ice due to the weather an temperature outside. It was on the windshield as it found a perfect slanting surface to get stuck to.
Consider the reaction of a generic metal ion (Mn+) with a generic porphine molecule (por): M(H2O)mn+(aq)+por(aq)⇌M(por)n+(aq)+mH2O(l)Based on the values of standard enthalpy, ΔH∘, and entropy, ΔS∘, shown here, ΔH -23.5 kJ ΔS 8.82 J/K what is the value of the formation constant, Kf , for the reaction at 25 ∘C?
The value of the formation constant, Kf , for the reaction at 25 ∘C entropy is 37.976 x 103
ΔG = ΔH - Δ(TS)
ΔH = -23.5 x 103 J
ΔS = 8.82 J/K
T = 273 +25 = 298 K
ΔG= -23.5 x 103 - 298 (8.82)
ΔG= - 26.13 x 103 J or - 26.13 kJ
ΔG= -RTlnK
ΔG = - 26.13 x 103 J
R = 8.314 J K-1 Mol-1
T = 298
- 26.13 x 103 J = - 8.314 x 298 ln
lnK = 10.54
K = 37.976 x 103
A state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty is most frequently connected with the scientific notion of entropy, which is also a quantifiable physical attribute. The notion and the phrase are employed in a variety of disciplines, including classical thermodynamics, where they were initially identified, statistical physics, which describes nature at the molecular level, and information theory. It has numerous uses, including the transmission of information in information systems, cosmology, economics, sociology, weather science, and biological systems and their relationship to life. Scottish engineer and scientist William Rankine used the terms thermodynamic function and heat potential to refer to the thermodynamic notion in 1850.
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Which term describes the conversion of substances into different substances? (1 point)
O ionic bonding
O fossilization
O chemical reaction
O photosynthesis
Chemical reaction is the term which describes the conversion of substances into different substances.
What is chemical reaction?Chemical reactions are defined as reactions which occur when a substance combines with another substance to form a new substance.Alternatively, when a substance breaks down or decomposes to give new substances it is also considered to be a chemical reaction.
There are several characteristics of chemical reactions like change in color, change in state , change in odor and change in composition . During chemical reaction there is also formation of precipitate an insoluble mass of substance or even evolution of gases.
There are three types of chemical reactions:
1) inorganic reactions
2)organic reactions
3) biochemical reactions
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Which of the following groups of 2 atoms would most likely form a covalent bond?
Hydrogen and Oxygen
Iron and Oxygen
Sodium and Chlorine
Potassium and Fluorine
co2 gas in a closed container has a partial pressure of 0.400 atm. if all the co2 is consumed in the reaction below, what is the partial pressure of the o2 formed? (assume constant volume and temperature.)
The mixture's pressure of 5.34 atm is equal to the partial pressure of the produced oxygen.
How can I determine the air's partial pressure of CO2?Ptotal = 5.09 + 3.82 + 2.54, or approximately 11.45 atm, is obtained by multiplying 0.2 mol by our constant of 0.0821 and our temperature of 310 degrees K, then dividing by 2 liters to obtain the partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
What is the formula for partial pressure?One of two methods can be used to compute partial pressures: 1) Use PV = nRT to calculate the individual pressure of each gas in a mixture. 2) Using the mole fraction of each gas, calculate the percentage of the total pressure that may be allocated to each individual gas.
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How many grams are in 1.00 mole of magnesium?
The amount of grams are in 1.00 mole of magnesium will be 24.305 grams.
Grams can be determined by using the formula:
Moles of Magnesium × 24.305 = Grams of magnesium.
24.305 is the mas of magnesium,
so,
1 x 24.305 = 24.305 grams.
Thus, 24.305 gramme of magnesium make up 1 mole.
The mole would be the volume of a system that has the same number of atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12 even though the constitute of elementary particles.
It may be used to quantify the chemical reaction's byproducts.
A compound's chemical composition was symbolically represented by its chemical formula.
When one or even more chemicals are transformed into one or more additional compounds, a chemical reaction takes place.
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Decribe the reaction of unaturated hydrocarbon with dilute alkaline aqueou olution of KMnO4
The Baeyer's test or KMnO4 test for unsaturation is for determining the presence of carbon-carbon double-bonded compounds, called alkenes or carbon-carbon triple bonded compounds, called alkynes.
What is compound?A chemical compound is a substance made of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) joined by chemical bonds and containing atoms from various chemical elements. Therefore, a molecule made up of atoms of only one element is not a compound. Chemical reactions, which may involve interactions with other substances, can change a compound into another substance. Atomic bonds may be broken or created during this process.
Compounds can be divided into four main categories according to the way their individual atoms are joined. Covalent bonds hold together molecules; ionic bonds hold together ions; metallic bonds hold together intermetallic compounds; and coordinate covalent bonds hold coordination complexes together.
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a liquid mixture is observed to be transparent and colorless. when the mixture is heated, the liquid in the mixture evaporates leaving behind a white solid. what type of mixture is described? multiple choice homogeneous mixture solution suspension and heterogeneous mixture heterogeneous mixture solution and homogeneous mixture suspension
Answer:A
Explanation:
What is concentration of sugar solution if 20 gram is dissolved in enough water to make the final solution upto 2 Litre?
Sugar solution has a 0.03 mol/L concentration.
What exactly is soluble?In chemistry, the term "solubility" describes a material's capacity to dissolve in another substance (the solvent). The solute's inability to create such a solution is known as insolubility.
The amount of a solute in a saturated solution, or a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved, is typically used to gauge how soluble a substance is in a given solvent. The two compounds are said to be in balance for solubility at this time.
Sugar's molar mass equals 342g/L
Number of solute moles = 20/342 = 0.0584 moles
Molecularity = 0.0584
20
1. molarity = 0.03 mol/L
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how many grams of caco3 (ksp = 8.7 ×10-9) will dissolve in 230 ml of 0.0500 m ca(no3)2?
The mass of the calcium carbonate that would dissolve in the compound is 1.15 g.
What is the mass of the compound?We know that the solubility product has to do with the equilibrium constant that we can be able to use in the process of trying to find the amount of the substance that is going to dissolve in the solution.
In this case, we have the volume and the concentration of the salt and we want to find the amount of the calcium carbonate that is going to be dissolved in the solution as we have it in the question.
Thus we can write;
Number of moles = mass/molar mass
Number of moles = concentration * volume
= 230/1000 L * 0.0500 M
= 0.0115 moles
The molar mass of calcium carbonate is 100 g/mol
Mass of the compound = 0.0115 moles * 100 g/mol
= 1.15 g
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Can methanol be a gas
Answer:
Yes, methanol can be a gas. Methanol is a chemical compound that is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. At room temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, methanol is a liquid, but it can easily be converted into a gas by heating it to a sufficiently high temperature.
Methanol has a relatively low boiling point of 148.5 degrees Fahrenheit (64.7 degrees Celsius), which means that it can be readily vaporized at relatively low temperatures. When methanol is heated to its boiling point, it will begin to convert from a liquid into a gas, and will continue to vaporize until it reaches a state of equilibrium with its surroundings.
Methanol gas has a number of important uses, including as a solvent, a fuel, and a starting material for the synthesis of other chemicals. It is also commonly used as a laboratory reagent, due to its low toxicity and low cost.
draw the structure of (z)-1-chloro-2-methyl-2-butene.
The structure of (z)-1-chloro-2-methyl-2-butene is in the image attached.
Organic compounds in chemistry are any chemical compounds that have carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Millions of organic compounds are known due to carbon's propensity to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms). Organic chemistry is the science that studies the characteristics, reactions, and synthesis of organic molecules.
For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), as well as a few other outliers (e.g., carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide), are not categorised as organic and are classified as inorganic. Other than the aforementioned, there is no agreement among chemists on which carbon-containing molecules are excluded, making any strict definition of an organic compound tricky.
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Describe what the abolitionists writers in this module shared in terms or purpose, approach, and methods.
Answer:
1) in America was an attempt to abolish slavery in a country that valued individual liberty and held the notion that "all men are created equal." Abolitionists became more adamant in their demands as time went on, while slave owners became entrenched (difficult to reform) in reaction, causing regional strife that eventually sparked the American Civil War.
2) Repetition:
Lincoln emphasizes particular phrases by using repetition. We've arrived to devote a piece of that field. But we can't dedicate in a broader sense. The unfinished job that the soldiers who fought here have thus far so valiantly progressed is for us, the living, to be dedicated here.
Parallel organization:
Sentence structure has to deal with parallelism. To draw emphasis to certain ideas, establish a sense of balance in the sentence, and give the sentences a pleasant rhythm, the same grammatical form is used in a succession of two or more concepts.
3)
According to the wording I read, "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or restricted on account of race, color, or prior condition of servitude by the United States or by any state." Stanton and her coworkers found it incomprehensible that their male allies had failed to involve women in the fight for voting rights. Stanton and her white female coworkers argued in response.