What ethical principles were violated in the willowbrook study?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The Willowbrook study refers to a 14-year research which involved the use of demented children as lab animals in an experiment involving the study of Hepatitis for the purpose of developing a cure.

For a medical practice to be ethical, it must conform to the following rules:

It must be Autonomous: Autonomy in Medicine speaks to the right of rational and psychologically healthy adults to participate in their own medical care having been informed of all the consequences. Where children and adolescents are involved, the decision has to involve their parents. All parties (especially the children) must be in sync with the ramifications of the choices and legally capable of contributing to the decision making process.

It must speak in the direction of Justice: This principle tilts heavily towards the rights of the individual. It begs the following question:

can the medical decision be considered fair to the patient if it is held under the scrutiny of the law?

is it consistent with their legal rights?viewed in from a balanced societal paradigm, it is fair?  

    3.  Beneficence: This principle takes speaks to the requirement for all medical actions and or medical experiments to keep the benefit and wellbeing of the recipient and or participant above all other considerations. That is, if it is not beneficial, if it is harmful to the recipient or participant, then it's unethical.

    4. Non-maleficence: This principle is often explained alongside Beneficence. The Medical Practitioners and or the Medical researcher is required by this principle not to take any actions that will harm or put the patient in harm's way.

According to the journals which discussed the Willowbrook Incident, all the four principles above were violated.

There was no foreseeable benefit of the experiment to the childrenThe children, mentally challenged, were incapable of electing to participate or not. Even if the parents allowed it, it was still morally wrong for the experiment to have taken place given that it was not in the benefit of the children.

Cheers!


Related Questions

After an experiment, research participants are told its purpose and about any deception they may have experienced. What is this procedure called?

Answers

Answer:

This is called deception

Explanation:

The key to___________ is believing in and practicing high ethical values, exercising self-discipline to avoid unethical behavior, and pursuing goals by building positive relationships and genuinely caring about other people.

Answers

Answer:

Authentic leadership

Explanation:

The key to Authentic Leadership is believing in and practicing high ethical values, exercising self-discipline to avoid unethical behavior, and pursuing goals by building positive relationships and genuinely caring about other people.

The act of leadership is not something to be taken with levity hands. It requires both hard and soft skills such as ethical values, self-discipline, goal-getting attitude.

To be an effective and authentic leader, one must be ready to lead by a good example. Some of the attitudes a leader must show include the following:

Creating positive relationshipsExpressing genuine care towards his followers and other people. Not accepting wrong behaviors etc.

Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer to the question is "Authentic Leadership."

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When a planet completes a full rotation about its axis, which of these does it also cover? A) A day B) A week C) A year D) A month

Answers

Answer:

A) A day

Explanation: It takes 24 hours for earth to finish rotating on its axis so 24 hours is one day one earth

Answer:

hello because it is rotating

When a country has a large population, but very little arable land, what challenges might it experience?

Answers

Answer: overpopulashon

Explanation:

Answer:

hunger or poverty

Explanation:

the reason for this is because if there is a country that has little farm land then there is not much food for the citizens to eat and the reason for poverty is because the country has to import alot of food and can not export alot of  foods

Which statements accurately describe information presented in the graph? Select two options.

Australia’s population reached 25 million by 2010.
Australia’s population doubled between 1960 and 2000.
Australia’s population decreased between 1820 and 1860.
Australia’s population increased during the past 180 years.
Australia’s population remained stable between 1880 and 1920.

Answers

Answer:

I think the 1st one is correct

An accurate description is:

B. Australia’s population doubled between 1960 and 2000.D. Australia’s population increased during the past 180 years.

What is Australia's population today?

Currently, Australia's population is about 26 million and is projected to reach 30 million in five years.

Since, 1960, Australia's population has been increasing rapidly, up from 10 million.

Thus, an accurate description of the information on the graph is as follows:

B. Australia’s population doubled between 1960 and 2000.D. Australia’s population increased during the past 180 years.

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What powers was exercised by colonial representative governments

Answers

Answer:

Amomg their power included the right to summons ,prorogue and dissolve the elected assemble. Governer could also to any Bill proposed by colonial legislature.

Which word is a SYNONYM for the word improbable?

Stewart liked the book even though he thought the plot was improbable.

A. credible
B. childish
C. unlikely
D. dismal

Answers

The Answer is Unlikely

Stewart liked the book even though he thought the plot was improbable. In the given sentence, the synonym for  the word improbable is unlikely. The correct option is C.

A synonym is a word or phrase that has a similar or nearly identical meaning to another word. Synonyms are often used to expand vocabulary, add variety to writing, or find alternative ways to express ideas.

Synonyms provide variety and add richness to your writing or speech. They help to avoid repetition of the same words, making your content more engaging and interesting.

Thus, the ideal selection is option C.

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Which of these is an accurate statement regarding this chart?

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Australia and the us both have a seperation of powers and have many of the same branches like judicial and Exeutive Govt.

why did the native Americans come to America?

Answers

Answer:he prevailing theory proposes that people migrated from Eurasia across Beringia, a land bridge that connected Siberia to present-day Alaska during the Ice Age, and then spread southward throughout the Americas over the subsequent generations.

Military conflict: American Revolutionary War

People: George Washington, John Collier, Ishi, .

Explanation:

Answer:

Mark me as brainlist

Explanation:

The prevailing theory proposes that people migrated from Eurasia across Beringia, a land bridge that connected Siberia to present-day Alaska during the Ice Age, and then spread southward throughout the Americas over the subsequent generations.

What questions should a historian ask to determine whether a source is credible?
Select three options.
1. Is it relevant to the subject or event?
2. Is the writing style clear and professional?
3. Does it contain information that is outdated?
4. Is the author an expert on the subject or event?
5. Does it explain a version of how the event occurred?

Answers

Answer:

A, D, E

Explanation: Just took the unit test. :)

Hi Kris and Benda!

Think about how you feel about the statement and for each number write strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, or strongly disagree and describe your opinion . “Obamacare” has been such a failure- it’s time to get rid of it

Answers

Answer:

disagree, but it's your choice.

Explanation:

"Obamacare" helped many people, and was very affordable.

What core principles of government did England violate, leading the American colonists to rebel?

Answers

Answer:

they violated all of the unalienable rights, gave no privacy,and were able to unlawfully kill people

Explanation:

Because their charters guaranteed them these rights and because they were emigrants from England or descended from emigrants there, the American colonists believed they had these same rights as Englishmen.

However, they violated all of the inalienable rights, provided no privacy, and had the power to commit murder without a warrant.

Where in the Constitution is unalienable rights?

Because their charters guaranteed them these rights and because they were emigrants from England or descended from emigrants there, the American colonists believed they had these same rights as Englishmen. However, they violated all of the inalienable rights, provided no privacy, and had the power to commit murder without a warrant.

The right to freedom of speech. The right to freedom from cruel and unusual punishment. The right to privacy. The right to education.

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What term is described when an explanation is using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events?
A. Correlation studies
B. Case studies
C. Longitudinal studies
D. Cross-sectional Studies

Answers

Answer not in options

Answer:

Theory

Explanation:

The options included here do not have the correct answer to the question. A theory is a scientifically backed organization of ideas and principles that is offered to explain a natural phenomena which uses Observations, hypothesis and experimentation. A theory not only explains facts but offers a system of generalized thoughts by which scientists predict a phenomena based on principles established in theory

Which pay rates are common ways employers pay employees

Answers

Answer:

commission

hourly pay

salary

Explanation:

PLATO

HELP JUST GOT ASSIGNED THIS AND ITS DUE TODAY!! if you can help on any of this it will mean a lot! :)

Answers

3. southern coloine, 4.southern colonies

Explanation:

3.because southern is counted as the country, the southern area has fertile land

Answer:

3. southern colony, 4.southern colonies

3.because southern is counted as the country, the southern area has fertile land

Explanation:

How did settlers of the 1800s affect the land in the Blue Ridge region?

Answers

Answer:

They dug mines for gold and cut down forests for lumber.

Explanation:

Does seeking a personal philosophy of the meaning of life-grapple with such questions as "How do I know that what I believe is true?",

Answers

Answer:

Yes. A personal philosophy of the meaning of life speaks to the tough questions, one of which could seek to establish the veracity of our beliefs.

"Where do we come from?"

"How do we know what happens after death?"

"What is the purpose of life?"

"How is it that the narratives about the origin of life are plagues with so much contention and controversies?"

The above are some examples of deep philosophical questions which deepen the knowledge we have about the meaning of life.

Cheers!

What is the definition of epistasis? A. When the allele of one gene masks the phenotype of another gene B. When the allele of one gene changes the phenotype of another gene C. When the allele of one gene changes the genotype of another gene D. When the allele of one gene masks the genotype of another gene.

Answers

A When allele of one gene masks the phenotype of another gene

Epistasis refers to non-allelic gene interaction where one gene masks the expression of another gene at distinct locus.

The gene that masks the expression of another non-allelic gene is epistatic to that gene and the gene that is suppressed is hypostatic.

So, the correct answer is option A. When the allele of one gene masks the phenotype of another gene B

other options-

B. When the allele of one gene changes the phenotype of another gene - incorrect ( one gene masks the phenotype of another gene)

C. When the allele of one gene changes the genotype of another gene - incorrect ( one gene masks the phenotype of another gene )

D. When the allele of one gene masks the genotype of another gene - incorrect ( one gene masks the phenotype and not the genotype of another gene)

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what are the thing considered for the sustainable development?

Answers

Brief answer:

The present economic level is already unsustainable for future survival. Sustainability is not mean to be kept going and not collapse immediately while drag along as far as it can until it cannot. Sustainability is the rational open process that can connect the closed natural process and bridge us into endless future.

Therefore, the only sustainable development for this economy is the rational order directed manmade and planned negative development.

More explanation:

Fundamentally, we have to adapt the nature given conditions to survive into future, because fundamentally, intelligent life cannot manipulate the nature to get our way ahead wilfully and subjectively. That is because:

We cannot reverse entropy growing process to create material value in this local space and time.

We cannot influence the natural evolution and distribution of material value in local space and time.

We cannot survive and travel in space to access the material value in other local space and time at our present level of existence (unless we can evolve in our nature given conditions for the next giga years to reach that evolution distance to realise that evolution level).

The only thing we can depend on to access future is the evolution level that enable us the fundamentally different existence state to survive that fundamentally different environment conditions of the future while that evolution level is defined by the evolution distance, and this evolution distance is supported by the material value as its material base. But our present way of production and consumption is irreversibly consuming/destroying it that is shortfalling it that will cut short our evolution time to extinct us.

We are locked in this self-destruction process because the natural order is running this social system.

Conclusion:

Therefore the most important thing for sustainability is the change to rational order for our social system.

Assume Amy’s wants to do the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Based on this, which approach to resolving ethical dilemmas would the company most likely employ?
Multiple Choice
justice
moral-rights
universal
individual
utilitarian

Answers

Answer:

The approach to resolving ethical dilemmas which Amy would most likely employ is:

utilitarian.

Explanation:

This ethical resolution approach presupposes that an action is right when it promotes happiness for the performer of the action and for everyone involved.  This implies that the majority of the people involved derive maximum benefit from the action.  This approach stresses that what is at stake is the utility or usefulness or value of an action, especially in relation to society as a whole and not just for an individual's selfish satisfaction.

Mary is considering Weather to expand her restaurant by adding another lounge area. She should compare the marginal ___ and ___ before making the decision.

Answers

Answer:

cost an benefit

Explanation:

i literally just took the test

11. What is another name for militiamen?

Answers

Answer:

PLEASE GIVE BRAINLIST

minutemen = military

HOPE THIS HELPED

How were over 100 elements discovered

Answers

Explanation:

The discovery of the new elements, and the new data on neutron capture, was kept secret on the orders of the U.S. Military until 1955 due to Cold War tensions. Later the Berkeley team was able to prepare elements 99 and 100 in the lab by neutron bombardment of Pu-239 in a cyclotron.

the purpose of the constitution is presented in

Answers

Answer:

Every thing. At least what we Americans believe in.

Explanation:

Economists. Law. Liberty's.

in Europe, which help the growth of cities in the decline of the middle ages?

Answers

Answer: The Crusades

Explanation:

Taking a test and got it right

Describe at least ONE way in which cybersecurity is relevant to how you are taking this very course.

Answers

Answer:

Cyber security is the technique that is used to protect computer information, network, program and the data.

Explanation:

Cyber security covers application, information, disaster and network security. When we want to make our daily routine easy computer play a vital role in it. It presents the wealth at the level of health. It is known fact that cyber security is not an ending process. When new tools develops the need of security also develop. It is an ongoing process that needs to be security.

Cyber security and public policy is another action that is taken for public security that very relevant to the course. The cyber security issues increase day by day and it attract the attention of public.

Answer:

Cybersecurity is the technique that is used to protect computer information, network, program, and data. Cybersecurity is relevant to this course because using technology plays a vital role in our daily lives when technology develops they need to be secured and that’s when cybersecurity is there to save the day.

Explanation:

Which 20-year span shows Japan's population at its height? A 1880-1900 B 1940-1960 C 2000-2020 D 2080-2100​

Answers

Answer:

i got you my boy or girl the answer is c 100% i did the test my self

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer is C!

Explanation:

I just took the quiz:) I hope this helps!

What climate zone is Iowa located?

Answers

Answer:

Zone 5

Explanation:

Answer:

Most of the Iowa state is located in Climate Zone 5.

hope this helps ߷

Which phrase best describes the land of mainland Greece

Answers

Answer:C -Rocky and unsuitable for agriculture

Explanation:

I just did it

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Hbxwqgcdhewjbfquhutruievhfhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

Which statements accurately describe information presented in the graph? Select two options.

Australia’s population reached 25 million by 2010.
Australia’s population doubled between 1960 and 2000.
Australia’s population decreased between 1820 and 1860.
Australia’s population increased during the past 180 years.
Australia’s population remained stable between 1880 and 1920.

Answers

Answer:

It B E

Explanation:

I hope it help

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