The study of analytical chemistry includes Crystal Structures of matter. Therefore, option (C) is correct.
What is analytical chemistry?Analytical chemistry can be described as the studies and uses of instruments and methods to identify, separate, and quantify matter. In practice, identification, or quantification can constitute the analysis or be combined with another method.
Qualitative analysis is related to identifying analytes, while quantitative analysis determines the amount or concentration. Analytical chemistry contains classical chemical methods and instrumental methods.
Classical qualitative methods are used for separations such as precipitation, distillation, and extraction. Identification is based on differences in odor, color, melting and boiling point, solubility, radioactivity, or reactivity.
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Step 3: Apply the scaling factor to the
empirical formula.
The scale factor is 5 and the empirical
formula is CH2O. What is the molecular
formula?
C?H?O?
The molecular formula is (CH2O)5 when the scale factor is 5 and the empirical formula is CH2O.
Considering the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Empirical formula = CH₂O
Molar mass of compound = 150 g/mol
Scaling factor (n) =?
Empirical formula × n = molar mass
[CH₂O]n = 150
[12 + (2×1) + 16]n = 150
[12 + 2 + 16]n = 150
30n = 150
Divide both sides by 30
n = 5
Therefore, the scaling factor is 5
A scale factor is a ratio between corresponding measurements of an object and a representation of that object.In chemistry, the empirical formula of a chemical compound is the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms present in a compound. .Learn more about empirical formula at:
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Calculate the mass of succinic anhydride needed to be 1.0 mol % relative to 1.0 mL of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
Answer:
mL of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. 5) Calculate the mass of maleic anhydride needed to be 1.0 mol % relative to 1.0 mL of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
Explanation:
The mass of succinic anhydride needed to be 1.0 mole % relative to 1.0 mL of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate is 4.5 x 10⁻⁵ moles.
What is mass?Mass is defined as the quantity of material that makes up a thing, whereas weight is the force that an object produces. A majority of an atom's mass is contained in its nucleus. For discussions of how atoms interact with one another and consequently for chemistry, biology, and electronics, the surrounding electrons are of course essential. But they only contribute a tiny fraction of the total mass.
The number of moles of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in 1ml
= 1 / 22410 = 4.46 x 10⁻⁵ moles
The mole percent need to be 1
Let the moles of succinic anhydride be X
Therefore
1 / 100 = X / X + 4.46 x 10⁻⁵
X + 4.46 x 10⁻⁵ = 100 x
99 X = 4.46 x 10⁻⁵
X = 4.46 x 10⁻⁵ / 99
X = 4.5 x 10⁻⁷ moles
The mass of succinic anhydride
= X x molar mass
= 4.5 x 10⁻⁷ x 100
= 4.5 x 10⁻⁵ moles
Thus, the mass of succinic anhydride needed to be 1.0 mole % relative to 1.0 mL of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate is 4.5 x 10⁻⁵ moles.
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Given the thermochemical equations
X₂ + 3 Y₂ → 2XY3 ΔH1= -340kJ
X₂ + 2Z₂ → 2XZ₂ ΔH2= -170 kJ
2Y2 + Z2 → 2Y₂Z ΔH3= -260 kJ
Calculate the change in enthalpy for the reaction.
4XY3 +7Z₂ → 6Y₂Z + 4 XZ₂
ΔH= ____ kJ
The change in enthalpy for the reaction is ∆H = - 440 kJ
This Enthalpy equals the sum of the system's internal energy with the constant. You must understand that energy forms change, but Enthalpy remains constant. For example, when water freezes into ice, some energy is expended in doing the work, which is referred to as Enthalpy.
Given that:
(1) X2 + 3Y2⟶ 2XY3 Δ1=−340 kJ
(2) X2 + 2Z2⟶ 2XZ2 Δ2=−170 kJ
(3) 2Y2 + Z2⟶ 2Y2Z Δ3=−260 kJ
We have to calculate the change in enthalpy for 4XY3 + 7Z2 → 6Y2Z + 4XZ2
The enthalpy of the reverse reaction is lower than that of the forward one.
Hess law: It states that the heat of reaction for any specific reaction is equal to the sum of the heat of each reaction that sums up to the overall reaction.
The required equation 4XY3 + 7Z2 → 6Y2Z + 4XZ2 is obtained by
-2(equation1) + 2(equation 2) + 3 (equation 3)
Reversing equation(1) we get
2(XY3 → X2 + 3Y2) + 2 (X2 + 2Z2 ⟶ 2XZ2 )+ 3 (2Y2 + Z2⟶ 2Y2Z)
4XY3 + 2X2 + 4Z2 + 6Y2 + 3Z2 ⟶ 2X2 + 6Y2 + 4XZ2 + 6Y2Z
Canceling all the standard terms we get
4XY3 + 7Z2 ==> 4XZ2 + 6Y2Z
Hence the required equation is obtained
Thus the change in enthalpy of the required reaction is
2〖(∆H〗_rev) +2〖(∆H〗_2)+ 3〖(∆H〗_3)
∆H = 2〖(∆H〗_rev) +2〖(∆H〗_2)+ 3〖(∆H〗_3)
∆H = 2(340) + 2(-170) +3 (-260) = -350 kJ
∆H = 680 – 340 – 780
∆H = - 440 kJ
Therefore the change in enthalpy for the reaction is ∆H = - 440 kJ
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Considering the redox reaction Cr + Ni²+ → Cr³+ + Ni, how many
electrons are transferred in the balanced reaction?
In the redox reaction Cr + Ni²+ → Cr³+ + Ni, the electrons are transferred in the balanced reaction is 3 electrons.
In this given reaction,
Cr → Cr³+ + 3e-
Ni²+ + 2e- → Ni
+_____________
Cr + Ni²+ → Cr³+ + Ni
In the redox reaction, determine the lowest common multiple of the number of electrons gained in the reduction and lost in the oxidation. In redox reaction, a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.
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A container of iron (III) carbonate contains 4.15 x 10^26 carbon atoms. How much does this sample of iron(III) carbonate weigh?
A container of iron (III) carbonate contains 4.15 x 10^26 carbon atoms. this sample of iron(III) carbonate weigh is 2.0 × 10⁵ g
iron(III) carbonate , number of atoms = 4.15 × 10²⁶ atoms
Avogadro's number = 6.022 × 10²³
moles of iron(III) carbonate = number of atoms / Avogadro's number
= 4.15 × 10²⁶ / 6.022 × 10²³
= 6.89 × 10² mol
mass of iron(III) carbonate = moles × molar mass
= 6.89 × 10² × 291.7
= 2.0 × 10⁵ g
Thus, A container of iron (III) carbonate contains 4.15 x 10^26 carbon atoms. this sample of iron(III) carbonate weigh is 2.0 × 10⁵ g
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How many moles of Cl atoms are in a 75.0 ml. sample of
CCM (d:1.6 g/cm?, C. 12, CE36)
The number moles of Cl atoms in a 75.0 mL sample of CCl₄ is 3.12 mol.
The data is given is as follows :
volume = 75.0 mL
density = 1.6 g/cm³ = 1.6 g/mL
Density = mass / volume
mass = density × volume
= 1.6 × 75
= 120 g
moles of CCl₄ = mass / molar mass
= 120 / 153.82
= 0.780 mol
1 mole of CCl₄ = 4 mole of Cl
moles of Cl = 4 × 0.780
= 3.12 mol
Thus, The number moles of Cl atoms in a 75.0 mL sample of CCl₄ is 3.12 mol.
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Is 2.27x10-3 M acidic, basic or neutral
Answer:
acidic
Explanation:
As concentration is given we can find out pH using -log(concentration)
So input, -log(2.27X10^-3) and it gives us 2.644 (appx.)
according to the pH chart, pH value lesser than 7 refer to acidic substances. pH value 7 means neutral and pH value higher than 7 means basic. As 2.644 is less than 7, so it is acidic.
Lead(II) nitrate and ammonium iodide react to form lead(II) iodide and ammonium nitrate according to the reaction
Pb(NO3)2(aq)+2NH4I(aq)⟶PbI2(s)+2NH4NO3(aq)
What volume of a 0.650 M NH4I solution is required to react with 319 mL of a 0.660 M Pb(NO3)2 solution?
volume:
mL
How many moles of PbI2 are formed from this reaction?
moles:
mol PbI2
The volume of the lead II iodide required is 649 mL.
What is the required volume?We know that the volume can be obtained by the use of the stoichiometry of the reaction. In this case, we have been given the balanced reaction equation as it appears in the question above. We now have to use it and find the volume as the question must have required.
Thus;
Number of moles of the lead II nitrate = 0.660 M * 319/1000 L
= 0.211 moles
Now we have to recall again that the number of moles is obtained as the product of the concentration and the volume of the solution.
Using the stoichiometry of the reaction;
1 mole of the lead II nitrate reacts with 2 moles of the ammonium iodide
0.211 moles of the lead II nitrate reacts with 0.211 moles * 2 moles/ 1 mole
= 0.422 moles
Now;
Volume of the solution = number of moles/ concentration
= 0.422 moles/0.650 M
= 0.649 L or 649 mL
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Reactions in our world: pre-lab activity worksheet
When iron ( Fe ) reacts with copper sulphate ( CuSO₄) , it forms ferrous sulphate ( FeSO₄ ) and copper ( Cu ) .
Iron copper sulphate.
The lead nitrate [Pb(NO₃)₂] reacts with potassium iodide (Kl) causing exchange of ions between the reactants leading to the formation of potassium nitrate (KNO₃) and a yellow precipitate of lead iodide (PbI₂).
Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the equation
Mg + 2 HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂
Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the equation This demonstration can be used to illustrate the characteristic reaction of metals with acid, a single replacement reaction, or to demonstrate the generation of hydrogen gas.
H₂O
Water splitting is the process in which water decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen.
Mg + O₂ → MgO.
Magnesium reacts with Oxygen to form Magnesium oxide.
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In the chemical reaction, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was heated to form two new substances: calclum
oxide (Cao) and carbon dioxide (CO₂).
CaCO3 → CaO + COz
A student heated 24.8 g of CaCO3. After the reaction, they measured 13.9 g of Cao.
What was the mass of the CO₂ gas that escaped during the reaction?
A.10.9 g
B. 38.7 g
C.1.78 g
D.24.8 g
Chemical species are broken down into more basic components in decomposition processes. Energy input is often required for decomposition reactions. The mass of the CO2 gas that escaped = 10.99 g.
What is a decomposition reaction?
Chemical species are broken down into more basic components in decomposition processes. Energy input is often required for decomposition reactions.
A decomposition reaction occurs when one reactant disintegrates into two or more products. The following general equation represents this: AB A + B. Both the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen and the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen are examples of decomposition reactions.
A decomposition reaction occurs when one reactant disintegrates into two or more products. It is represented by the all-inclusive formula AB A + B. A and B are the reaction products in this equation, while AB stands for the reactant that starts the reaction.
Molecular mass of CaO = 56.07 g
CO = 44.01 g
the mass of the CO2 gas that escaped = 13.9 x 44.01/ 56.07
= 10.99 g.
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which of the following statements about the combustion of glucose with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide (c6h12o6 6 o2 → 6 co2 6 h2o) is correct?
a. The entropy of the products is greater than the entropy of the reactants.
b. The reverse reaction, making glucose from water and carbon dioxide, must be an exergonic reaction.
c. This is the process of cellular respiration, an anabolic pathway that releases free energy.
d. The entropy of the universe decreases as the result of this reaction.
e. The free energy lost in this combustion is less than the energy that appears as heat.
The correct statement about the combustion of glucose with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide is The entropy of the products is greater than the entropy of the reactants.
A combustion reaction is a reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of light and heat. Combustion reactions must involve O2 as one reactant.
A familiar example of a combustion reaction is a lighted match. When a match is struck along the match box, friction heats the head of the match to a temperature at which the chemicals react and then generate more heat which can escape into the air, and they burn with a flame after reacting with the oxygen.
In the above given question we can see that when combustion reaction of glucose takes place we can see that it produces water and along with that we can also see that carbon dioxide gas is also been released. In the reactant side we can see that there are no gaseous molecules present but we can see that in the product side there are gaseous molecules present, which suggests that randomness of the system is increased.
Hence the entropy of the products would be greater than the reactants.
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The following statements about the combustion of glucose with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide is the entropy of the product is greater than the entropy of the the reactants.
The combustion reaction is given as :
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ ----> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
The large molecule that is glucose is converted into the small small molecules water and the carbon dioxide. this is the reason the entropy of the product side is greater than the entropy ( the disorder )of the reactants .
Thus, The following statements about the combustion of glucose with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide is the entropy of the product is greater than the entropy of the the reactants.
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Answer Options:
atomic number
atomic mass
element symbol
element name
electron configuration
Answer:
1) atomic number
2) element symbol
3) element name
4) atomic mass
5) electron configuration
Which statements correctly defend or dispute his conclusion?
The statement that correctly defend or dispute his conclusion is option3:
He is incorrect. Dissolving salt in water and evaporation of the water are both physical changes. The reappearance of salt is evidence that the change was reversible by a physical change, so it could not be a chemical change.Is salt and water evaporation a physical or chemical change?A physical alteration occurs when salt water evaporates. Since the matter has merely changed states but still remains the same substance, any phase shift is a physical change.
Table salt dissolving in water is an example of a physical change because only the condition of the substance has changed. Frequently, physical changes can be undone. The salt will become solid once the water has evaporated.
It's not a given that salt and water's formation of a single phase indicates a chemical reaction. It simply indicates that the two substances mixed evenly.
Therefore, This is supported by the fact that the mixture's components could be easily separated using a straightforward physical technique called evaporation.
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See full question below
Henry mixed salt and water together in a cup until he observed a clear solution. He measured the mass of the solution. Then he placed the cup outside for several sunny days during the summer. After a week, he observed that only solid salt remained in the cup and the mass had decreased. Henry concluded that a physical and chemical change occurred in this investigation.
Which statements correctly defend or dispute his conclusion?
1- He is correct. Dissolving salt in water is a physical change, but evaporating the water is a chemical change. Formation of a solid is evidence that a chemical change occurred.
He is correct. Evaporation is a physical change, but dissolving salt in water is a chemical change. The change in mass is evidence that a chemical change occurred.
2- He is incorrect. Dissolving salt in water and evaporation of the water are both physical changes. The reappearance of salt is evidence that the change was reversible by a physical change, so it could not be a chemical change.
3- He is incorrect. Dissolving salt in water and evaporation of the water are both chemical changes. The reappearance of salt is evidence that the change was reversible by a chemical change, so it could not be a physical change.
What's the coefficient in 4Ca(OH)2 ?
Answer: Molecular Weight of 4Ca(OH)2 is 296.3707 g/mol
Explanation The molar mass and molecular weight of 4Ca(OH)2 is 296.371.
a person has a mass of 70.0kg on earth, what would their mass be on the moon, which has 1/6 the graving of earth?
The mass equivalent of the individual on the moon would be = 11.67kg.
What is mass?Mass is defined as the scalar quantity that is used to determine the amount of matter within an object. It is measured in Kilograms or grams.
The mass of gravity is defined as the gravitational pull that occurs with the mass of objects towards the center of the earth.
In earth, the mass of gravity is represented as = 1
In moon the mass of gravity = 1/6
To determine the mass of gravity of the same object in moon would be;
= 1/6 × 70
= 11.67kg
Therefore, in the moon, the mass of 70kg man would be = 11.67kg.
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This bohr model is showing what element?
15 P
16 N
Answer:
Phosphorus
Explanation:
From the Bohr model of the given element we can interpret that:
Total number of electron = 15
Total number of proton = 15
Total number of neutron = 16
So, Mass of the element= Total number of proton+ Total number of electron
= 15 + 16
= 31 u
An atom that has 15 electron and mass have mass 31 amu is Phosphorus
Which element needs 3 valence electrons to complete its octet?
Answer: Gallium
Explanation:
In N2O, nitrogen is the central atom and the oxygen atom is terminal. In HSCN, however, nitrogen is the terminal atom.
Draw four Lewis structures corresponding to HSCNwith C as the central atom,
HSCN with N as the central atom,
N2O with N as the central atom, and
N2O with O as the central atom.
Use formal charges for each of these four Lewis structures to explain why nitrogen is the central atom of N2O
but carbon is the central atom of HSCN
Match the items in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.
The Lewis structures of the compounds have been shown. In each case, the least number of formal charge lies on nitrogen hence it is the central atom.
What are Lewis structures?The term Lewis structures help us to be able to see what a molecule looks like. We know that the Lewis structures show the symbol of the element and then the number of electrons that are in the atoms of the element as dots.
In this case we have shown the Lewis structures of the compounds that are shown. The formal charges of the compounds are also shown in the image that is described here.
Looking at the Lewis structure as it has been shown, we can see that nitrogen always has the least charge density hence we can see that nitrogen would always be the central atom in the compounds as shown.
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Practical work
1. What is the mass of a solution of sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of it in the solution of 96%
spent on dissolving copper scrap weighing 12.8 g, which contained 0.5 parts by mass of copper?
2. What volume of ammonia can be obtained by treating ammonium chloride weighing 12 g with a solution
sodium hydroxide, which contains 8 g of it.
3. What is the practical yield of gas, if 4 liters of it were obtained by the thermal decomposition of potassium nitrate
weighing 40.4 g?
4. What is the practical yield of the sediment, if 6.5 g of it was filtered after
addition of 15 g of barium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 40% to orthophosphate acid
weighing 5 g.
5. How will the rate of the reaction that takes place in the gas phase change when it decreases
temperature by 30°C, if the temperature rate coefficient for this reaction is equal to 3.
6. The reaction of the decomposition of phosphorus pentachloride proceeds according to the equation:
PCl 5 (g) ↔ PCl 3 (g) + Сl 2 (g) – 92 kJ. How to change: a) temperature; b) pressure; in)
the concentration of reactants to shift the equilibrium of the reaction towards the decomposition of PCl 5 (to the right).
Answer:
What is the mole fraction of sulfuric acid in a solution containing 98% sulfuric by mass?
What is the mole fraction of H2SO4 in a 98% aqueous H2SO4 solution?
Here given..
98 % of H2SO4 that means 98 g of H2SO4 is there in 100 g of aq. H2SO4 solution.
So.
Mass of solute = 98 g
Mass of solvent = 2 g (as water is considered as universal solvent)
Molar mass of solute = 98 g
Molar mass of solvent = 18 g
No of moles of solute = 1 mole (no of moles = given mass / molar mass)
No of moles of solvent = 2/18 = 1/9 moles
And ,
We know formula for mole fraction is..
x( of solute) = Moles of solute/(moles of solute + moles of solvent)
x (of solute) = 1/(1+(1/9)) = 0.9
x (of solvent) = 1 - 0.9 = 0.1
Explanation:
it is just number 1
Which part of Earth experiences physical weathering? (1 point)
O crust
O mantle
O inner core
O outer core
0
A
O
What is the answer for this question?
Answer:
See explanation, some might be graded as wrong if it's an automatic grading system but most
Explanation:
1. lose
2. valence
3. noble (Atoms don't actually always do this, but since the word gas is after the blank, it is the only option)
4. 4
5. have
6. 10
5 and 6 are a little ambiguous and could have many answers
What is the Lewis structure, (sketch 3D also), total # of electrons, electron geometry, hybridization and polarity for the following
A Lewis Structure can be defined as a very simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule. It explains how the electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a molecule.
Explain different terms mentioned above.
Lewis Structure :It was named after Gilbert N who mentioned it for the first time in his book The Atom and the Molecule.
The Lewis Structure can be written as follows:
Step 1: Determine total valence electrons.
Step 2: Write the skeleton structure of the molecule
Step 3: Form bond in the skeleton structure using two valence electrons.
Step 4: Fulfil octet rule and segregate non bonding electrons.
Examples : In case of CO2, we can see
two double bonds between the carbon and oxygen atoms. According to octet rule each oxygen atom needs to bond with four different carbon atoms. Carbon has four valence electrons, which make a total of four bonds. So there are four dots around carbon.
Electron geometry : It can be defined as the arrangement of electron pairs around a central atom. It can be given in such form :
linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, or octahedral
Hybridisation : It can be defined as the intermixing of two atomic orbitals to give rise to new hybridized orbitals. The hybrid orbitals formed have entirely different energies, shapes, etc.
Polarity : It can be defined as the distribution of electrical charge over the atoms joined by the bond.
Hence, structure can be determined by knowledge of these factors.
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do pockets of liquid water form when a salt solution (like sodium chloride or magnesium sulfate)evaporates
Liquid water form when a salt solution (like sodium chloride or magnesium sulfate)evaporates so only water can evaporates
Saline solution is also called as salt solution it is the mixture of salt and water and normal saline solution contain 0.9 percent sodium chloride and which is similar to the sodium concentration in blood and tear and the water molecule that evaporate become a gas called water vapor and only the water evaporated and leaving the sodium and chloride ion behind and sodium and chloride ion attract each other and reform salt crystals
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Which of the following is a reasonable ground-state electron configuration?
O 1s21p5
O1s22s22p8
O 1s22s22d4
O 1s?2s22p6
Answer:
the last one (if we consider the typo ? as 2)
Explanation:
p orbital can hold 6 electrons
1st orbit only has 's' orbital
2nd orbit only has 's' & 'p' orbital, no 'd' orbital
3) Consider the ideal gas equation, PV = nRT. Rearrange to solve for P (show your work below).
Recall that the equation of a line is y = mx + b. In that case, plotting y vs x gives you a slope
of m and an intercept of b. Now look at your equation that you solved for P. If you plot P vs
1/V, what should the slope be? What should the intercept be?
The slope of the line would be m = nRT.
How to prove this answer?
We know that the ideal gas law is PV = nRT.
We know that y = mx + b. In that case, plotting y vs x gives you a slope
of m and an intercept of b.
Here according to the question, If we send V to RHS,
P= (1/V) nRT Where y axis is P and 1/V is y axis, nRT would be the ultimate slope.
Howerver, intercept c ( y=mx+c) would be 0 as we considered ideal situation with temperature , R constant.
Therefore, Slope would be nRT.
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A solution that has a high concentration of hydrogen ions has what type of pH?
2
7
13
14
worth 100 points **URGENT**
Answer:
High concentration of ions means that the solution is very acidic. These types of solutions have a pH < 7.0, so a very low pH.
Therefore, the answer that most closely matches the criteria would be 2.
summarize how the VSEPR model helps explain how electric charges affect bonding and molecular shape in covalent compounds
The VSEPR model helps in explain how electric charges affect bonding and molecular shape in covalent compounds as -
The form of many molecules and polyatomic ions can be predicted using the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model, which is pronounced "vesper." However, keep in mind that the VSEPR model, like any model, is only a partial description of reality; it doesn't reveal bond lengths or the existence of numerous bonds.
The structures of many compounds and polyatomic ions with a central metal atom can also be predicted by the VSEPR model, as can the structures of practically any molecule or polyatomic ion with a central nonmetal atom. The foundation of the VSEPR theory is the idea that electron pairs in bonds and lone pairs reject one another and would, as a result, adopt a geometry that spreads them as far apart as feasible. The three-dimensional structures of many compounds, which cannot be predicted using the Lewis electron-pair approach, can be predicted using the straightforward VSEPR counting procedure, despite the fact that this theory is oversimplified and does not take into account the subtleties of orbital interactions that influence molecular shapes.
By concentrating only on the number of electron pairs surrounding the central atom and disregarding any other valence electrons present, the VSEPR model can be used to predict the geometry of the majority of polyatomic compounds and ions. This model states that valence electrons in the Lewis structure form groups that can be made up of a single bond, a double bond, a triple bond, a lone pair of electrons, or even a single unpaired electron, which is treated as a lone pair in the VSEPR model. Electrostatic repulsion causes electrons to repel one another; hence, the arrangement of electron groups that minimises repulsions is the most stable (lowest energy). The arrangement of groups around the centre atom creates the molecular structure with the lowest energy
The molecule or polyatomic ion is designated by the letters AXmEn in the VSEPR model, where A stands for the centre atom, X for a bonding atom, E for a nonbonding valence electron group (often a lone pair of electrons), and m and n are integers. The designation of each group surrounding the centre atom as a bonding pair (BP) or lone (nonbonding) pair (LP). Both the relative locations of the atoms and the bond angles—also known as bond angles—can be predicted from the BP and LP interactions. We may characterise the molecular geometry—the configuration of the bound atoms in a molecule or polyatomic ion—using this knowledge.
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As per the VSEPR model, the lone pair present in a compound causes bending in the molecular geometry of the covalent compounds.
What is molecular geometry?
Molecular geometry can be defined as a three -dimensional arrangement of atoms which constitute the molecule.It includes parameters like bond length,bond angle and torsional angles.
It influences many properties of molecules like reactivity,polarity color,magnetism .The molecular geometry can be determined by various spectroscopic methods and diffraction methods , some of which are infrared,microwave and Raman spectroscopy.
They provide information about geometry by taking into considerations the vibrational and rotational absorbance of a substance.Neutron and electron diffraction techniques provide information about the distance between nuclei and electron density.
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which gaseous agent is a mixture of carbon and one or more elements from the halogen series (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine)?
Halon is a gaseous agent which contains a mixture of carbon and one or more elements from the halogen series.
Halons are from the group of halocarbons. Halons are substances made of bromine, fluorine, and carbon. Extinguishers and other firefighting apparatus use them. Halons are electrically nonconducting substances that can be used to put out fires in flammable liquids and most solid combustible materials, including those found in electrical equipment. They are ineffective against fires caused by fuels that contain their own oxidizing agent or by highly reactive metals like sodium or potassium.
Halon 1301, also known as bromotrifluoromethane, is particularly preferred for putting out fires involving electronic equipment because it leaves no residue, doesn't result in electrical short connections, and won't harm the device's corrosion.
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For the given reaction, what volume of O₂ would be required to react with 6.2 L of NO, measured at the same temperature and
pressure?
2 NO(g) + O₂(g) → 2 NO₂(g)
O2 would need to react in 3.1 L of volume.
Given data:-2NO(g) + O2(g) ==> Equation that is balanced: 2NO2(g)
We can observe that 2 moles of NO react with 1 mole of O2 using this equation. We can also state that 2 liters of NO and 1 liter of O2 react under conditions of constant pressure and temperature. The amount of O2 required to react with 4.8 L of NO can then be calculated as follows:
6.2 L NO multiplied by 1 L O2 divided by 2 L NO results in a need for 3.1 L of O2.
2NO O2 2NO2: What kind of reaction is that?values for the reaction 2NO + O2 = 2NO2 in terms of kinetics and rate constants. It is generally known that this reaction is a third-order homogeneous reaction.
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Compute the following blood alcohol levels and classify as not impaired or impaired:
0.003 grams of alcohol in a 15 ml sample of blood
0.006 grams of alcohol in a 5 ml sample of blood
0.01 grams of alcohol in a 12 ml sample of blood
0.006 grams of alcohol in a 20 ml sample of blood
Based on the blood alcohol concentration values:
a. 0.003 grams of alcohol in a 15 ml sample of blood is classified as not impaired
b. 0.006 grams of alcohol in a 5 ml sample of blood is classified as impaired
c. 0.01 grams of alcohol in a 12 ml sample of blood is classified as impaired
d. 0.006 grams of alcohol in a 20 ml sample of blood is classified as not impaired
What is the blood alcohol concentration, BAC?The blood alcohol concentration is the amount of alcohol present in a given volume of blood.
Blood alcohol concentration is used to measure intoxication in individuals.
When blood alcohol concentration increases, impairment increases in individuals.
The benchmark level of impairment or non-impairment is 0.08%.
Calculating the blood alcohol concentration for the given situations:
a. 0.003 grams of alcohol in a 15 ml sample of blood
BAC level = 0.003/15 * 100%
BAC level = 0.02%
b. 0.006 grams of alcohol in a 5 ml sample of blood
BAC level = 0.006/5 * 100
BAC level = 0.12%
c. 0.01 grams of alcohol in a 12 ml sample of blood
BAC level = 0.01/12 * 100
BAC level = 0.083%
d. 0.006 grams of alcohol in a 20 ml sample of blood
BAC level = 0.006/20 * 100
BAC level = 0.03%
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