what did Philip make dutch merchants (protestant) pay?

Answer:

The Dutch Revolt (1566–1648)[note 1] was the revolt in the Low Countries against the rule of the Habsburg King Philip II of Spain, hereditary ruler of the provinces. The northern provinces (the Netherlands) eventually separated from the southern provinces (present-day Belgium and Luxembourg), which continued under Habsburg Spain until 1714. The northern provinces adopted Calvinism and Republicanism whereas the southern provinces became wholly Catholic again due to the expulsion of Protestants and the efforts of the Counter-Reformation and remained under absolutist rule. The Dutch Revolt has been viewed as the seedbed of the great democratic revolutions from England, to America to France.[1]

The religious "clash of cultures" built up gradually but inexorably into outbursts of violence against the perceived repression of the Habsburg Crown. These tensions led to the formation of the independent Dutch Republic, whose first leader was William the Silent, followed by several of his descendants and relations. This revolt was one of the first successful secessions in Europe, and led to one of the first European republics of the modern era, the United Provinces. Due to the nature of the conflict, the factions involved, and changing alliances, modern-day historians have put forward arguments that the Dutch Revolt was also a civil war.[2]

King Philip was initially successful in suppressing the rebellion. In 1572, however, the rebels captured Brielle and the rebellion resurged. The northern provinces became independent, first in 1581 de facto, and in 1648 de jure. During the revolt, the United Provinces of the Netherlands, better known as the Dutch Republic, rapidly grew to become a world power through its merchant shipping and experienced a period of economic, scientific, and cultural growth. The Southern Netherlands (situated in modern-day: southern Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and northern France) remained under Spanish rule. The Dutch imposed a rigid blockade on the southern provinces that prevented Baltic grain from relieving famine in the southern towns, especially from 1587 to 1589. Despite achieving independence, from the end of the war in 1648 there was considerable opposition to the Treaty of Münster within the States General of the Netherlands since it allowed Spain to retain the Southern Provinces and permitted religious toleration for Catholics.[3]

The first phase of the Eighty Years War can be considered the Dutch Revolt. The focus of the latter phase was to gain official recognition of the already de facto independence of the United Provinces. This phase coincided with the rise of the Dutch Republic as a major power and the founding of the Dutch Empire.

the 1957 musical west side story was created by __________.

Hammerin’ Hank

When Henry “Hank” Aaron was a young boy growing up in Mobile, Alabama, in the early 1940s, he played sandlot—or, vacant lot—baseball. He was very athletic and spent the long summers running, fielding, and hitting with his friends. Who knew that 10 years later he would be playing with the National Baseball League’s Milwaukee Braves?

Hank Aaron was one of the best baseball players to ever play the game. In fact, in 1974, exactly 20 years after starting his professional career, he broke Babe Ruth’s home run record. By the end of his 23-year career, Aaron had hit 755 home runs.

Aaron began his career playing shortstop in the Negro American League—an association of teams made up of African American players who had been shut out of white professional baseball. In those days, the life of a baseball player was hard. Players traveled a great deal, played many games, and earned very little money. Despite the many hardships, Hank Aaron continued to play.

After a short time in the Negro American League, Aaron was recruited by the Milwaukee Braves of the National League in 1952. He was assigned to minor-league teams, first in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, then in Jacksonville, Florida. In 1954, he gained a spot on the Braves’ major league team, thereafter playing mostly as an outfielder.

Aaron was consistently a great hitter, which in time earned him the nickname “Hammerin’ Hank.” When he played with the South Atlantic League in 1953, he had a .362 batting average. In 1956, he won the league batting championship with an average of .328, and in 1957, he led his team to victory in the World Series; he was named the league’s Most Valuable Player. By the time the Braves moved to Atlanta, at the end of 1965, Aaron had hit 398 home runs.

On April 8, 1974, Aaron hit his 715th home run, breaking Babe Ruth’s record, which had stood since 1935. On that spring day in Atlanta, the largest crowd in Braves history came out to witness the event. There were 53,775 fans in attendance, and Aaron did not disappoint them. In the fourth inning, he ripped an Al Downing pitch over the fence and into the Braves’ bullpen, where reliever Tom House caught it. As Aaron rounded second base, two college students appeared and ran alongside him before security stepped in. The new home run king was mobbed at home plate by his teammates.

After retiring as a player in 1976, Aaron became one of the first blacks in Major League Baseball upper-level management as Atlanta’s vice president of player development. Eight years later, he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame—a mark of distinction Aaron could add to the many honors he had earned during his long, distinguished career.

4
Select the correct answer.
Look at the time line based on the passage.



Which detail belongs in box #1?
A.
Was assigned to minor-league teams
B.
Won the league batting championship
C.
Moved to Milwaukee
D.
Had a .362 batting average
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U
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