The closeness of particles of gas and their low speeds allow intermolecular forces to become important at certain pressures and temperatures. Which best describes this statement?
A) This is a limitation of the kinetic-molecular theory.
B) This is a postulate of the kinetic-molecular theory.
C) This describes ideal gas behavior using the kinetic-molecular theory.
D) This describes ideal gas behavior without the kinetic-molecular theory.
It is a limitation of the kinetic-molecular theory because closeness and low speed don't allow intermolecular forces to become important at certain pressure and temperature.
The kinetic gas theory explains micro-particles (atoms and molecules). The kinetic theory is basically based upon the assumption of microscopic particles . We can use it as a microscopical model.
And the kinetic theory of gases explains how gases behave by assuming that they are made up of quickly moving atoms or molecules.
Basically kinetic model is based on the below assumptions.-
I t is assumed that the gas is made by a large number of identical molecules. And molecules are moving in random directions. And also separated by the large distances as compared to their size.
The molecules collide completely elastically without no energy loss.
Always kinetic energy is transferred between molecules through heat.
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What is the variable that is changed by
the experimenter called?
a. control variable
b. independent/manipulated variable
c. dependent/responsive variable
d. hypothesis
Answer:
b. independent/manipulated variable
Explanation:
Independent/manipulated variable - refers to the variable that is changed by the scientist or an experimenter. Only one variable that is independent is required to ensure a fair test in an excellent experiment. As the independent variable is being changed by an experimenter or scientist, data is being recorded simultaneously as they are collected.
Which safety data sheet section includes chemical abstract service number, european commission number and european chemical agency number?
The safety data sheet section which includes chemical abstract service number, european commission number and european chemical agency number are section3 and section 1 respectively.
Section 3 lists the ingredients, including stabilizers and contaminants, that are present in the product mentioned on the SDS. Information on compounds, concoctions, and any chemicals where a trade secret is asserted is provided in this section. The following details must be included in this section are Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number and other unique identifiers.
The Safety Data Sheet(SDS's) compounds are listed in Section 1 along with suggested applications. It also offers the supplier's contact details. This section must have the following information of name, location, contact information, and emergency phone number for the manufacturer, importer, or other accountable party like European commission number and European chemical agency number.
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To which group does copper belong?
a. Metalloid
b. Alkaline earth metal
c. Alkali metal
d. Transition metal
Answer:
d. Transition metal
Explanation:
A transition metal is an element which has an atom or forms an ion with a partially-filled d-subshell.
As we can see from the electronic configuration of Copper 2+ ion, Cu²⁺:
[tex]_{27}Cu^{2+} = 1s^2\space\ 2s^2 \space\ 2p^6 \space\ 3s^2 \space\ 3p^6 \space\ 3d^9[/tex] ,
copper forms an ion with an incomplete d-subshell that contains 9 electrons; therefore copper is a transition metal.
• Option a. is wrong because copper is not a metalloid. Metalloids have characteristics of both metals and non-metals; copper only has metallic properties.
• Option b. is wrong because 'alkaline earth metals' are the elements in Group 2 of the periodic table; copper is in Group 11.
• Option c. is wrong because 'alkali metals' are in Group 1 of the periodic table.
Which two solutions, when mixed together, will undergo a double replacement reaction and form a white, solid substance?
(1) NaCl(aq) and LINO3(aq)
(2) KCl(aq) and AgNO3 (29)
(3) KCl(aq) and LiCl(aq)
(4) NaNO3(aq) and AgNO3(aq)
[tex]AgNO_3 + KCl[/tex] → [tex]AgCl + KNO_3[/tex] undergo a double replacement reaction and form a white, solid substance. Hence, option B is correct.
What is a double replacement reaction?A double replacement reaction is a type of chemical reaction that occurs when two reactants exchange cations or anions to yield two new products.
Double-replacement reactions generally occur between substances in aqueous solution. In order for a reaction to occur, one of the products is usually a solid precipitate, a gas, or a molecular compound such as water.
[tex]AgNO_3 + KCl[/tex] → [tex]AgCl + KNO_3[/tex] undergo a double replacement reaction and form a white, solid substance.
Hence, option B is correct.
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Temperature (°C)
At 80 °C, 100 g of potassium dichromate is added to 200 g of water. Which of the
following best describes this solution?
A The solution is saturated, more solute can be dissolved.
B The solution is saturated, no more solute can be dissolved.
C The solution is unsaturated, no more solute can be dissolved.
DThe solution is unsaturated, more solute can be dissolved.
Hydrogen gas can be produced by the reaction of magnesium metal with hydrochloric acid by the reaction below. mg 2hcl → mgcl2 h2 if 4.00 g of mg is reacted with 3.20 g of hcl, what is the limiting reactant? mg hcl
The limiting reactant will be HCl.
Limiting reactantsThey limit the amount of products produced in reactions.
From the equation, the mole ratio of Mg to HCl is 1:1.
Mole of 4.00 g mg = 4/24.3 = 0.1646 moles
Mole of 3.2 g HCl = 3.2/36.458 = 0.0878 moles
Thus, Mg is in excess while HCl is limiting in availability.
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Answer:
HCI , Excess reactant is Mg , and 4.18 g MgCl
Write the correct chemical formula for hexacyanoferrate (III) ion.
Which is the correct chemical name for Fe(CN)6^4-?
Which is the correct chemical name for Zn(OH)4^2–?
Write the correct chemical name for PtCl6^2–
Which is the correct chemical name for Cr(OH)4^2–?
C6FeN6⁻³ is the correct chemical formula for hexacyanoferrate (III) ion.
What is Chemical formula?This contains information about the proportion of atoms present inn a chemical compound.
The correct chemical name for Fe(CN)6^4- is Ferrocyanide.The correct chemical name for Zn(OH)4^2– is Tetrahydroxidozincate(II).The correct chemical name for PtCl6^2– is Hexachloridoplatinate(IV) ion.The correct chemical name for Cr(OH)4^2– is Tetrahydrochromate.Read more about Chemical formula here https://brainly.com/question/26388921
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To end up with 100 mL of a 1.0 mg/mL solution of analyte, an analyst should measure _____ of a 15.5 mg/mL analyte solution into a 100-mL volumetric flask and dissolve to the mark.
V₂ = 6.45 mL (volume of analyte)
CalculationHere we use dilution formula, which is:
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
where,
C₁ = initial concentration
V₁ = initial volume
C₂ = final concentration
V₂ = final volume
Given data,
C₁ = 1.0 mg/mL
C₂ = 15.5 mg/mL
V₁ = 100 mL
V₂ = ? (to be found)
Putting the values in the formula, we get:
1 × 100 = 15.5 × V₂
V₂ = 100/15.5
V₂ = 6.45 mL
Why would you use a formula for dilution?A solution is diluted when more solvent is added without increasing solute. The final mixture is thoroughly mixed to make sure that every component is the same.
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A reaction which creates larger molecules from substrates and results in water as a byproduct would be catalyzed by a ________ enzyme.
A reaction that creates larger molecules from substrates and results in water as a byproduct would be catalyzed by a synthase enzyme.
What is synthase?Synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of new compounds in the body. As a result, it is a very widespread enzyme that can be found in both higher and lower-order species. Synthases do not use energy from nucleoside triphosphates.
A synthase is a ligase that joins two chemicals or compounds together with the need for energy, whereas a synthase is a lyase that catalyzes the breakage of numerous chemical bonds through methods other than hydrolysis and oxidation.
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In its organic form, ____ is usually (not always) related with the metabolic processes of living organisms.
Answer:
In its organic form, metabolism is usually (not always) related with the metabolic processes of living organisms.
Explanation:
In this context, metabolism refers to how quickly a person's body consumes any fuel it consumes. Because the energy from meals is used up more rapidly when someone has a high metabolism, they require food more frequently. These folks typically feel and are warmer. A person with a high metabolism may not acquire as much weight as they would expect even if they eat more since their body uses up the food before it can be converted to fat or muscle. Consider an automobile where the accelerator has been floored. More frequent gas additions would be required, and the engine's temperature would rise. Slower metabolisms function like an idle automobile. They typically don't need to eat as frequently since their bodies use fuel more slowly. The quantity people typically consume may, however, exceed what they truly require to maintain their current state of health. They constantly use additional fuel, which tends to be stored as fat. Thus, it is not always true that everyone who is slim has a fast metabolism and everyone who is overweight has a sluggish one. It ultimately comes down to how many calories you consume against how many your body actually requires. Simply said, a person's metabolism may make or break this score relative to the norm. Therefore, those with slower metabolisms tend to put on weight quickly since they require less food than predicted to maintain their bodies whereas those with faster metabolisms prefer to be slim because of this.
4. You have a 1 M solution of KCl. You need to generate 100 mL of 0.25 M KCl. Explain how you would make this
1M KCl will require 25 mL to generate 100 mL of 0.25M KCl.
Molarity of a solution is defined as number of moles of solute present in 1000 mL of the solution.
[tex]M=\frac{n}{V}\times1000[/tex]
So molarity is inversely proportional to the volume of the solution.
As solution is diluted. Molarity of the solution decreases.
1M of KCl means 1 mole of KCl in 1000 mL of the solution.
1M KCl is four times as concentrated as 0.25M KCl.
Therefore, to make 100 mL of 0.25M will require [tex]\frac{100}{4}= 25 mL[/tex] of 1M KCl diluted to 100 mL of distilled water.
Easy alternative: Dilution formula
[tex]M_1\times V_1 = M_2\times V_2[/tex]
Where [tex]M_1 \,and\, V_1[/tex] are volume and concentration of first solution
and [tex]M_2\,and\, V_2[/tex] are of second solution.
[tex]1\times V= 0.25\times100\\\\V= 25\,mL[/tex]
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To produce electricity a generator needs what kind of imput
Answer: Mechanical Energy
Explanation:
To produce electricity, a generator needs an input of mechanical energy. Mechanical energy is a combination of potential energy and kinetic energy. Generators use this to create electricity to power light bulbs, technological devices, and more!
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in reacting 12 moles of pb2+ ions with 18 moles of cl- ions, the theoretical molar yeild of lead (II) chloride is
The theoretical molar yield of lead (II) chloride will be 9 moles.
Stoichiometric calculationFirst, we need to look at the equation of the reaction:
[tex]Pb^{2+} + 2Cl^- --- > PbCl_2[/tex]
From the equation, the 1 mole of Pb2+ ion requires 2 moles of Cl- ion in order to produce 1 mole of lead (II) chloride.
Thus, with 18 moles Cl- ions, 9 moles of Pb2+ would be needed, instead of 12 moles. Pb2+ is simply in excess while Cl- can be said to be limiting.
Therefore, Cl- will determine how much of lead (II) chloride that will be produced. The ratio is 2 moles of Cl- to 1 mole of lead (II) chloride.
With 18 moles Cl-, 9 moles of lead (II) chloride will, thus, be produced.
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Alpha particles are identical to Multiple Choice protons. helium atoms. hydrogen atoms. helium nuclei.
Alpha particles are identical to Helium Nuclei.
What is Alpha Particle ?An alpha particle is subatomic particle which consist two protons and two neutrons tightly bound together. Alpha particle is identical to nucleus of helium atom. Alpha particle is a positively charged particle. Alpha particle is also known as Alpha radiation or Alpha ray.
What is Helium ?Helium is a chemical element. The symbol of Helium is He. Atomic number of helium is 2. It is a colourless gas. Helium belongs to period 2.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Alpha particles are identical to Helium Nuclei.
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Which real-world scenarios below represent physical changes? Check all that apply.
Answer:
wheres the options?
Explanation:
Crystallizing salt from seawater, ripening fruit, and production of elements in the stars are energy/matter changes. These changes could be classified respectively as
The changes in matter/energy can be classified as follows:
Physical changes - Crystallizing salt from seawaterChemical changes - ripening fruitNuclear changes - production of elements in the starsWhat are physical, chemical and nuclear changes?Matter and energy undergo physical, chemical and nuclear changes.
Physical changes are changes in which no new product is formed.
Chemical changes are changes in which no new product is formed.
Nuclear changes are changes in which no new product is formed.
Examples of each of the given changes is as follows:
Physical changes - Crystallizing salt from seawaterChemical changes - ripening fruitNuclear changes - production of elements in the starsTherefore, matter/energy undergo changes.
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Charcoal found under a stone at Stonehenge, England, has a carbon-14 activity that is 0.60 that of new wood. How old is the charcoal
Charcoal with a carbon-14 activity of 0.60 compared to new wood has less than 5,730 years.
What is a radioactive isotope?A radioactive isotope is an element in nature that emit radioactivity in a given period of time (e.g., the half-life for C14 is equal to 5,730 years).
Radioactive dating is a technique to measure the age of an element by measuring its radioactive activity.
In conclusion, charcoal with a carbon-14 activity of 0.60 compared to new wood has less than 5,730 yr.
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What are some of the reasons why the United States did not adopt the metric system of measure?
at the time most of its trade was with France who did not use the metric system
the House of Representatives defeated the bill calling for conversion to metrics in 1974
the US was waiting for all other industrialized countries to adopt it before proceeding
at the time most of its trade was with England and Canada who did not use the metric system
The United States was waiting for all other industrialized countries to adopt it before proceeding.
Why the United States did not adopt the metric system of measure?The big reasons the U.S. hasn't adopted the metric system are simply time and money. When the Industrial Revolution began in the country, expensive manufacturing plants became a main source of American jobs and consumer products so money for the installation of new system.
So we can conclude that the US was waiting for all other industrialized countries to adopt it before proceeding.
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The House of Representatives defeated the bill calling for conversion to metrics in 1974. Option B
What is the metric system?The metric system is the most current system of measurement which is generally accepted in the scientific world. It is the system of measurement that is widely reported in scientific literature.
The reason why the United States have not officially adopted the metric system is that the House of Representatives defeated the bill calling for conversion to metrics in 1974.
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75.0 g sample of a metal at 65°C is added to 100.0 g of water at 20.0°C. The temperature of the water rises to 22.3 °C. Calculate the specific heat of the metal, assuming that all the heat lost by the metal is gained by the water.
The specific heat of the metal is 0.30J/g°C.
What is specific heat capacity?The specific heat capacity is defined as the quantity of heat (J) absorbed per unit mass (kg) of the material when its temperature increases 1 K (or 1 °C), and its units are J/(kg K) or J/(kg °C).
Step 1: Data given
Mass of metal = 75.0 g
Temperature of the metal = 65°C
Mass of water = 100.0 g
Temperature of the water = 20.0°C
Final temperature of the water = 22.3 °C
The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g°C
Step 2: Calculate the specific heat of metal
Qlost = -Qgained
Q= m xCxΔT
Qmetal = -Qwater
m(metal) x c(metal) x ΔT(metal) = - m(water) x c(water) x ΔT(water
⇒m(metal) = the mass of metal = 75.0 g
⇒c(metal) = the specific heat of the metal = ?
⇒ΔT = The change of temperature = 22.3 - 65°C = -42.7 °C
⇒m(water) = the mass of water = 100.0 g grams
⇒c(water) = the specific heat of water = 4.186 J/g°C
⇒ΔT(water) = T2 - T1 = 22.3 - 20.0 = 2.3 °C
75.0 g x c(metal) x -42.7 °C= -100.0 g x 4.186 x 2.3
75.0 g x c(metal) x -42.7 °C = −962.78
c(metal) = 0.3006338798J/g°C =0.30J/g°C
The specific heat of the metal is 0.30J/g°C.
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Combustion analysis is performed on 0.50 g of a hydrocarbon, and 1.47 g of CO2 and 0.902 g of H2O are produced. What is the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon? If the molar mass is 30.00 g/mol , what is the molecular formula?
1. The empirical formula of the hydrocarbon is CH₃
2. The molecular formula of the hydrocarbon is C₂H₆
How to determine the mass of Carbon Mass of CO₂ = 1.47 gMolar mass of CO₂ = 44 g/mol Molar of C = 12 g/mol Mass of C =?Mass of C = (12 / 44) × 1.47
Mass of C = 0.4 g
How to determine the mass of HMass of compound = 0.5 gMass of C = 0.4 gMass of H = ?Mass of H = (mass of compound) – (mass of C)
Mass of H = 0.5 – 0.4
Mass of H =0.1 g
1. How to determine the empirical formula C = 0.4 gH = 0.1 gEmpirical formula =?Divide by their molar mass
C = 0.4 / 12 = 0.03
H = 0.1 / 1 = 0.1
Divide by the smallest
C = 0.03 / 0.03 = 1
H = 0.1 / 0.03 = 3
Thus, the empirical formula of the compound is CH₃
2. How to determine the molecular formulaEmpirical formula = CH₃Molar mass = 30 g/molMolecular formula =?Molecular formula = empirical × n = mass number
[CH₃]n = 30
[12 + (3×1)]n = 30
15n = 30
Divide both side by 15
n = 30 / 15
n = 2
Molecular formula = [CH₃]n
Molecular formula = [CH₃]₂
Molecular formula = C₂H₆
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A sample of neon gas has a volume of 752 mL at 298 Kelvin (K). What will be the volume at 373 K if
pressure is constant?
Answer:
V2 = 0.941 L
Explanation:
This follows the Charles' law, a gas law.
Using this eq [tex]\frac{V1}{T1} =\frac{V2}{T2}[/tex]
From the given, the missing variable is V2
[tex]\frac{752 ml}{298 K} =\frac{V2}{373 K}[/tex], change ml to SI unit of Volume (L)
752 ml = 0.752 L
[tex]\frac{752 L}{298 K} =\frac{V2}{373 K}[/tex], then cross multiply
[tex]280.496 L (K) =298K (V2)[/tex]
[tex]\frac{280.496 L (K) }{298K} = (V2)[/tex]
[tex]V2 = 0.941 L[/tex]
By mass spectral analysis, a sample of strontium is known to contain 2.64x1010 atoms of Sr-90 as the only radioactive element. The absolute disintegration rate of this sample is measured as 1238 disintegrations per minute. Calculate the half-life (in years) of Sr-90. Answer: 28.49 Question 14 Not answered Marked out of 1.00 Question text How long will it take (in years) for the disintegration rate of this sample to drop to 878 disintegrations per minute
It will take 14.13 years for the disintegration rate of this sample to drop to 878 disintegrations per minute.
Given that,
Half life of Sr-90 = 28.49 years
This decay process is first order decay kinetics
So according to [tex]1^{st}[/tex] order reaction
Half life = 0.693/k
k= 0.693/28.49
k= 0.0243 [tex]years^{-1}[/tex]
According to the integrated rate law for [tex]1^{st}[/tex] order reaction
ln[Rn] = ln[Rn][tex]{o}[/tex] - kt …..(1)
where, Rn = 878 disintegrations/minute
Rn[tex]_{o}[/tex] = 1238 disintegrations/minute
Putting the values in equation (1)
ln[878] = ln[1238] - 0.0243 × t
6.7776 = 7.1212 - 0.0243 × t
0.0243t = 0.3436
t= 14.13 years
Hence, it will take 14.13 years for the disintegration rate of this sample to drop to 878 disintegrations per minute.
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7.How would the number of moles (n) of O2 change if your atmospheric pressure was doubled and all other variables stayed the same
The number of moles (n) of O2 will be double if atmospheric pressure was doubled and all other variables stayed the same.
About Ideal gas LawThe general gas equation, often known as the ideal gas law, is the equation of state for a fictitious ideal gas. It has a number of limitations, but it provides a decent approximation of the behavior of numerous gases under various circumstances.
Explanation:Applying the law of ideal gas: PV = nRT.
where,
P= pressure of the gas in the atm.
V= volume of the gas in L.
n = no. of moles of the gas in mol.
R = Universal gas constant,
T = temperature of the gas in K.
If V and T are constant and have different values of P and n:
(P₁n₂) = (P₂n₁).
P₂ = 2P₁,
∴ n₂ = (P₂n₁)/(P₁) = (2P₁n₁)/(P₁) = 2n₁.
therefore if we double the pressure then no. of the moles of O2 will be doubled.
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When selecting a photometric technique that is more sensitive to a low concentration of analyte, a laboratory director compares absorbance measuring devices against those that measure fluorescence intensity. Which technique is considered more sensitive in its measurements and why
When selecting a photometric technique that is more sensitive to a low concentration of analyte, a laboratory director compares absorbance measuring devices against those that measure fluorescence intensity. Fluorescence spectroscopy is considered more sensitive in its measurements.
Spectro-fluorometer works on the above mentioned principle...
It uses a beam of light to excite the electrons from the given material which cause the emission of light from that matter.The emitted light is then brought towards a filter and onto a detector for measurement and identification of the changes in molecules of a sample material.Fluorometry is sensitive technique because light of particular wavelength is required as electrons are getting excited from ground state to emit the light and shows particular results which helps to know the sample material.Learn more about spectroscopy here..
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The diffusion of substances within a solution tends to move those substances ________ their ________ gradient.
What is diffusion?
The diffusion of substances within a solution tends to move those substances down their concentration gradient.
Aim of diffusion:
The movement of molecules along a concentration gradient is known as diffusion. It is a significant process that all living things go through. Diffusion facilitates the flow of materials into and out of cells. Until the concentration is the same everywhere, the molecules travel from a location of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Diffusion occurs in gases and liquids because random molecular movement is possible.
Types of diffusion:
Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are the two primary categories of diffusion.
Simple diffusion: An action where the substance passes across a semipermeable barrier or solution without the aid of transport proteins. For instance, bacteria use simple diffusion to transport minute nutrients, water, and oxygen into the cytoplasm.Facilitated diffusion: It is the passive transfer of molecules from the area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration across the cell membrane using a carrier molecule.The main aim of diffusion is to arrive at an equilibrium state. When the amount of the particles is uniformly distributed or constant throughout a solution, it is said to be in equilibrium.
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What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid?
• a compound that donates protons
a compound that accepts protons
• a substance that increases hydroxide ion concentration
a substance that increases hydronium ion concentration
Answer:
A. a compound that donates protons
Explanation: According to the Brønsted-Lowry definition, an acid is a substance that can donate a proton (H+ ion) to another molecule. A base is a substance that can accept that donated H+. After the Brønsted-Lowry acid donates its proton, it becomes the conjugate base of the acid.
Answer:
A: a compound that donates protons.
Explanation:
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Carl has an empty 35.0-liter tank that he wants to fill with 18.3 moles of oxygen gas. The gas in the tank will have a temperature of 25°C. If the air surrounding the tank is at standard pressure, what will be the gauge pressure of the oxygen in the tank in atmospheres?
The gauge pressure of the oxygen in the tank in atmospheres is 11.46 atm.
What is gauge pressure?
The gauge pressure is given as the pressure relative to the ambient atmospheric pressure. The gauge pressure can be calculated as:
Gauge pressure = System pressure - Atmospheric pressure
The system pressure of the 35-liter tank with 18.3 moles oxygen is given as:
Pressure = moles * Rydberg constant * Temperature / Volume
Pressure = 18.3 moles * 0.08 L.atm.mol⁻¹.K⁻¹ * 298 K / 35 L
Pressure = 12.46 atm
The standard pressure is given as 1 atm.
Thus, the gauge pressure of the oxygen in the tank can be:
Gauge pressure = System pressure - Atmospheric pressure
Gauge pressure = 12.46 atm - 1 atm
Gauge pressure = 11.46 atm
The gauge pressure of the oxygen in the tank in atmospheres is 11.46 atm.
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Answer:
The answer is 8.31 atm.
Explanation:
Ideal Gas Law = PV = nRT
(where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.)
First, convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:
25°C + 273.15 = 298.15 K
Next, plug in the known values into the Ideal Gas Law equation:
P * 35.0 L = 18.3 moles * 8.31 J/mol*K * 298.15 K
Finally, solve for P:
P = (18.3 moles * 8.31 J/mol*K * 298.15 K) / 35.0 L
The pressure is in units of joules per liter. To convert it to atmospheres, divide by the atmospheric pressure in joules per liter:
1 atm = 101,325 Pa = 101,325 J/m^3 = 101.325 kPa
P (in atm) = (18.3 moles * 8.31 J/mol*K * 298.15 K) / (35.0 L * 101.325 kPa)
= 8.31 atm
In this experiment you used an excess of the BaCl2 solution. How would your results be affected if you did not use an excess of the BaCl2 solution? Would this error cause your calculation of the mass percent of sulfate in the unknown to be too high or too low? Explain.
if we did not use an excess of the BaCl2 solution it would decrease the mass percentage of sulfate in the unknown sample.
The net precipitation equation would be.
Ba2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) → BaSO4(s)
If BaCl2 (Ba2+) is not taken in excess then the precipitation would not be completed as some of the sulfate ions would still be remaining in the solution. This would decrease the mass percentage of sulfate in the unknown sample.
If some tiny pieces of filter paper still remained mixed with the precipitate(BaSO4) then the mass of sulfate would increase and it gives a high mass percentage of the sulfate.
mass percentage of sulfate = (mass of sulfate/mass of sample)*100
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4. Hot exhaust gases are often used in a chemical plant to heat chemical reactions before the
gases are discharged to the atmosphere. If 10.0 L of gas at 300°C and 3.00 atm expand to
125 L at 1.00 atm during the heat exchange process, what is the temperature of the gas
that is released to the atmosphere?
Answer:
1,250 °C
Explanation:
To find the new temperature, you need to use a variation of the Combined Gas Law. The equation looks like this:
P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂
In this formula, "P₁", "V₁" and "T₁" represent the initial pressure, volume, and temperature. "P₂", "V₂", and "T₂" represent the final pressure, volume, and temperature. You can find the new temperature by plugging the given values into the equation and simplifying.
P₁ = 3.00 atm P₂ = 1.00 atm
V₁ = 10.0 L V₂ = 125 L
T₁ = 300 °C T₂ = ? °C
P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂ <----- Combined Law equation
(3.00 atm)(10.0 L) / (300 °C) = (1.00 atm)(125 L) / T₂ <----- Insert values
0.1 = (1.00 atm)(125 L) / T₂ <----- Simplify left side
0.1 = 125 / T₂ <----- Multiply 1.00 and 125
0.1 x T₂ = 125 <----- Multiply both sides by T₂
T₂ = 1,250 <----- Divide both sides by 0.1