What causes somatic gene mutations?

Answers

Answer 1

Errors and stressors from the environment that affect cellular replication cause somatic gene mutations.

During an organism's life cycle, somatic mutations occur either spontaneously as a result of errors in DNA repair mechanisms or as a direct response to stress. These mutations are a normal part of aging. Early mutations can lead to mosaicism within a gene line, affecting the development of an organism. The specific gene that the mutation affects determines how mosaicism affects overall health as a result of mutations.

Somatic mutations are more likely to occur when cells replicate due to environmental stressors and errors. Examples of stressors that can damage cells and cause DNA mutations to include radiation, chemical exposure, and free radical generation within cells. The newly altered DNA is incorporated into all subsequent prodigy cell lines within the individual during normal cellular replication following a mutation.

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Related Questions

If you were to examine a sample of 1000 cells, in which of the phases listed below would you expect to find most of the
cells?
O Interphase
O Metaphase
O Anaphase
O Telophase

Answers

Answer:

Interphase

Explanation:

interphase

Which of the following is a fertilizer?
a) Compost
b)Malathion
c)Super Phosphate
d)Methaehlos

choose one​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Super phosphate is a fertilizer

Option C is the correct answer

Answer:

C.) Super Phosphate

Explanation:

Superphosphate is a fertiliser produced by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid on powdered phosphate rock

-TheUnknownScientist

Which type symmetry applies to animals in the phylum Porifera?
A no symmetry
B bilateral symmetry
C radial symmetry​

Answers

Answer:

A no symmetry

Explanation:

Answer:

c.) radial symmetry

Explanation:

I NEEEEEDDDDD HEEEELPPP PLEASE

Answers

Answer:

That is right, internal/external.

Explanation:

In order for these runners to have an ample supply of nutrients sent to
all parts of their body, what are the two systems that function together
to perform this task?*
A. Digestive and Muscular
B. Digestive and Circulatory
C. Respiratory and Muscular
D. Respiratory and Circulatory




HELP PLEASE

Answers

B. Digestive and Circulatory

Explanation:

B. Digestive and circulatory

hope it helps

4. On the basis of what criteria did Linnaeus classify “natural bodies"
into his system?

Answers

Answer:

Metamorphism is the answer

Examine the image that shows the folds in the lining of the small intestine. Which of the statements best describes the interaction between the small intestine and another organ based on the model shown here?

Answers

Answer: It’s C.) The increased surface area to volume ratio of the small intestine allows for the absorption of materials into the bloodstream more efficiently.

Explanation:

Write a paragraph explaining the steps involved in a muscle contraction starting from the brain sending a signal to the muscle and ending with the muscle contraction.

Answers

Answer:

A Muscle Contraction Is Triggered When an Action Potential Travels Along the Nerves to the Muscles.Muscle contraction begins when the nervous system generates a signal. The signal, an impulse called an action potential, travels through a type of nerve cell called a motor neuron. The neuromuscular junction is the name of the place where the motor neuron reaches a muscle cell. Skeletal muscle tissue is composed of cells called muscle fibers. When the nervous system signal reaches the neuromuscular junction a chemical message is released by the motor neuron. The chemical message, a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, binds to receptors on the outside of the muscle fiber. That starts a chemical reaction within the muscle.Acetylcholine Is Released and Binds to Receptors on the Muscle Membrane.

A multistep molecular process within the muscle fiber begins when acetylcholine binds to receptors on the muscle fiber membrane. The proteins inside muscle fibers are organized into long chains that can interact with each other, reorganizing to shorten and relax. When acetylcholine reaches receptors on the membranes of muscle fibers, membrane channels open and the process that contracts a relaxed muscle fibers begins:

Open channels allow an influx of sodium ions into the cytoplasm of the muscle fiber.

The sodium influx also sends a message within the muscle fiber to trigger the release of stored calcium ions.

The calcium ions diffuse into the muscle fiber.

The relationship between the chains of proteins within the muscle cells changes, leading to the contraction.

Explanation:

Sry I don’t know how to explain It’s a lot.

It is flu season! The flu is caused by a virus. Scientists continue to debate whether or not viruses are alive. If we consider the image of the flu virus seen here, we could say that a virus is NOT alive because https://www.usatestprep.com/modules/gallery/file.php?id=1531 for the picture

Answers

Answer: the answer is D

Explanation:

Answer: There is no cellular structure

Explanation: If we use the image to support our argument, we could say a virus s not living because there is no cellular structure. All prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. We cannot tell, from the image, anything about its way of life.

Help ASAP

Which of the following correctly describes the process of cellular respiration?
O A. Carbon dioxide + sugar + sunlight + sugars + water
O B. Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight → sugars + oxygen
O C. Sugars + oxygen → energy + carbon dioxide + water
D. Sugars + carbon dioxide + energy + oxygen + water

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

What are the characteristics of sodium?

Answers

Answer:

it is a soft metal

it react In a low melting point with a relative density

it is luster

it is of silver and white colour

it have ductility

Please help!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

I think the eagle since it is the top of the food chain?

What might occur if the stoma were all located on the top of the leaves?

Answers

Most stomata are located on the bottom of leaves because direct sunlight does not hit the bottom surface. If stomata were on the upper epidermis (the top side of the leaf), the direct sunlight hitting the leaf would cause more water to be lost through the stomata because of evaporation. Hope this helps!

Answer:

It depends on the plant and its environment. In a mesic terrestrial environment, the plant wouldn’t be optimized. Natural selection would then come into play and there would be an evolutionary trend towards stomata located on the lower leaf surface.

In the case of water lily, the lower epidermis is in contact of the water, and stomata are restricted to the upper surface of the leaf. This is an optimal solution for the plant. Natural selection will work to conserve that arrangement. In this case, stomata on the lower surface would exist at a water-air interface, and the diffusion of gasses across that interface would be glacially slow. Further, the stomata on the lower surface would present an opening where pathogens can enter the leaf.

Explanation:

Hope this helps

Photosynthesis occurs in the ______
aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the _______
and anaerobic cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm.

Answers

Answer:

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria and anaerobic cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm.

Explanation:

Don't know how to explain, but this is the right answer.

PLEASE HELP ME ASAP!!
Earth Science - AP_EX

Answers

Answer:

do you like food?

Explanation:

Which of the following is a characteristic that only living things share?
O A. They grow and develop.
O B. They need materials and energy.
O C. They respond to their environment.
O D. They are made of at least one cell.

Answers

D cuz u needs cells to be living

Answer:

D

Explanation:

To be a livivng thing you must have cells

In many tropical rainforests, people clear land by cutting down trees and burning them. After a few years, the soil runs out of nutrients and cannot be farmed any longer. How does this affect Earth's atmosphere?

Answers

Answer:

Land will convert into desert eventually

Explanation:

When the soil gets devoid of nutrient, it will be unable to support trees, plants or vegetation of any type. Trees and plants are responsible for holding the soil tightly and prevent it from eroding.

Once there will be no nutrient in soil, there will be no trees, plants or vegetation and hence there will be no mechanism to prevent soil erosion. Thus, the soil will erode due to deforestation and the land will convert into desert eventually

Describ how animals receive their energy indirectly from plants?

Answers

Answer:

PLANTS are 'PRODUCERS' of energy. They use SUNLIGHT + water, minerals and carbon dioxide to make energy. ... To get energy animals need to eat. They get their energy INDIRECTLY from the from the sun by eating other organisms.

What do the NADPH and ATP do in the Calvin cycle?

Answers

Answer:

ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions are used in the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide to sugar. ATP is the energy source, while NADPH is the reducing agent that adds high-energy electrons to form sugar.

hii pls help i’ll give brainliest

Answers

Answer:

They are unequal and act in the same direction. Also Reminder to be happy, go drink some water, eat some food and relax! You are loved :) <3

Explanation:

Two interacting systems involved in plant transport are shown here. Which statement best describes the function of xylem and phloem in transporting substances throughout the plant?

Answers

Answer:

C. Xylem transport water and nutrients from the soil to the leaves while phloem transport carbohydrates from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

Explanation:

please help its timed ​

Answers

Hello, jamesundercover06.

The first box, starting on the left, I believe, should be H2O. The second box, the one over the arrow, should be sunlight. The third box, right after the arrow, should be C6H12O6. The final box, then, should be O2. I'm pretty sure that this is right, but if it is incorrect in any way let me know and I will do my best to give you the correct answer.

PS. Brainliest would be appreciated. :)

A plant shows incomplete dominance in size. A tall plant (TT) is crossed with a medium plant (Tt).
What percentage of the plants will be tall?

Answers

Answer:

     T     t

T   TT  Tt

T   TT   Tt

Explanation:

What are the two functions of the skeletal system? *
A. Provides stucture and protection
B. Sends and recièves signals throughout the body
C. Obtain nutrients and removes waste produced by the body
D. Regulates body temperature and protects the body from damage.


HELP PLEASE

Answers

Answer:

A. provide structure and protection

hope it helps

The word "mycotoxins" means © food poisons parasitic poisons fungus poisons O bacteria poisons​

Answers

Answer:

I think the answer is food poison

Answer: poisons fungus poisons

Explanation:

Please help, This is a science sheet for get my grade up.

Answers

Answer:

Well The answer you choose was wrong I think because every living being that has cells need a Nulceus in their cells or the cells won’t work. Fungi have cells and Protista also have a nucleus since it has a cell or cells.

The answer here I would think would be (c) ”many could be found in fresh water”. Fungi don’t usually appear near seas or fresh sources which in this case is a pond and protistia do.

GIVING BRAINLIEST!!!!!!

Rule 1: Multiply by 2 starting at 10. Rule 2: Subtract 4 starting from 24. What is the first term that appears in both sequences?

10
14
20
26

Answers

Answer: 20. have a nice day!

Answer:

Explanation:

30

In a certain ecosystem, there is a population of lynx that feed on snowshoe hares. If there is less food for the hare for several years, what will most likely be the result for the lynx population?

A. The lynx population will increase.

B. The lynx population will decrease.

C. The lynx population will go extinct.

D. The lynx population will stay the same.

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

since the will be less food for the hare, less hare will be able to survive. that means some lynx will not get hare and the lynx will die which means the lynx population will decrease

if a man with type O blood marries a woman with type AB blood , what are chances that their first child will have type O blood

Answers

I think its a 0% chance because

xA xB

xi Ai Bi

y A B

A friend of mine came to see me one day and told me a story of how he met his identical twin that he never knew about. When I questioned him about the details, I got some information about the two men.
John Smith (my friend)
DOB: 11/12/77
Height: 6’1
Eyes: Brown
Hair: Brown
Dave Jones (suspected twin)
DOB: 11/11/77
Height: 6’1
Eyes: Brown
Hair: Brown
What should I tell him about his twin?

Answers

That they look just alike because there twins and have the same appearance
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Which excerpt from Chapter 1 of Animal Farm is an example of indirect characterization the two cart horses? In the first face-to-face interview with the client, the counselor has three distinct tasks. Which of the following is not contained in any of the three? pls help if you get it correct u will get 100 brainly points What helps a swollen jaw from a toothache? How many solutions will each system of linear equations have? Match the systems with the correct number ofsolutions.y=x+6 and 3x-3y = -18y=-4x+11 and -6x + y = 11y=-2x+5 and 2x + y = -7infinitely many solutionsone solutionno solution Spirilla is what type of bacteria I need help with this Explain 5 factors to be considered by a business when choosing a means of communication 1. Explain how digital staffing dashboards help managers monitor and improve the staffing process.2. What is the difference between direct and indirect staffing costs? Provide two examples of each. show that (2n-5)^2 - 13 is a multiple of 4 for all integers Playwrights entertain people with their stories, dialogue, and characters. They write so that their work can be portrayed on the theatrical stage and can be seen by an audience. For many writers, having their work shown on the Broadway or London stage is a triumph. However, success on the stage can be fleeting for some playwrights. On Broadway, plays and musicals sometimes only last for a few weeks. Harsh critics can damage the play's reputation and make it difficult for the play to find an audience. But, for the lucky few playwrights, their work can last for years. Neil Simon is one of the fortunate playwrights to achieve major success on Broadway. In 1961, Come Blow Your Horn was Simon's first play to open on Broadway. It ran for 678 performances at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre. Following this achievement, Simon had four shows running simultaneously in 1966. The shows were Sweet Charity, The Odd Couple, The Star-Spangled Girl, and Barefoot in the Park. Simon's writing for Lost in Yonkers even gave him the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1991. The play focused on the dynamics of a family living in Yonkers, New York. It also showed how the family members negatively affected each other. In addition, to Simon's success on Broadway, he also was a notable screenwriter. He adapted many of his plays into film. Simon's The Odd Couple was one of his winning adaptations. The storyline has become a part of popular culture. It was a hit on Broadway because the story focused on two mismatched roommates, who live with each other after their divorces. They were originally played by Art Carney and Walter Matthau. Following that, Simon wrote the script so that the play could be translated onto the big screen. Because of its popularity, the play's concept also became a television series, which lasted five years. The show aired on ABC with minor changes from the play. The television scripts were not written by Simon himself. There are still few revivals of The Odd Couple on the stage and in television.Which detail from the passage supports the claim that Neil Simon achieved success in different media? A. He adapted many of his plays into film. B. The show aired on ABC with minor changes from the play. C. Simon's The Odd Couple was one of his winning adaptations. D. It was a hit on Broadway because the story focused on two mismatched roommates, who live with each other after their divorces. The term robber baron refers to wealthy and powerful 19th century american businessmen who used exploitative practices to amass their wealth. A philanthropist is a person who makes an active effort to promote human welfare and make a positive impact on society. Which is the best example of a "robber baron" using his wealth in a "philanthropic" manner?. A certain math test has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 12. the teacher wants to convert the scores to a new scale using the transformation x*=65+0.6x. what are the new mean and standard deviation?a) mean=50, standard deviation=7.2b) mean=95, standard deviation=7.2c) mean=95, standard deviation=12d) mean=95, standard deviation=72.2e) mean=77, standard deviation=12 What are the 3 phases of compliance? pls help me i will mark brainliest:)Simplify 5g(3g + 4).15g + 415g 20g15g2 + 415g2 20g Solve |2x - 2 6.A. x-2 or x 4B. x 3 or x 5C. x -2 or x 5D. x -2 or x 6 What does associative property look like? Why was the Scientific Revolution so impactful? Predict what happens to the mechanical advantage of a machine if friction is reduced through the use of oil or some other means. How did the literature of the northern renaissance reflect a movement towards secularism.