Genetic variation among humans is relatively small when compared to other species. Where in the human genome does most of the diversity occur?.
Due to the common ancestry of all humans, only a small number of variants have large frequency differences between the population. Human ancestral lineages are relatively young compared to other species.
sequences coding for tRNA in homeotic genes in mitochondrial DNA in single nucleotide polymorphisms. Human genetic diversity is substantially less than that of many other species, including our closest evolutionary relative, the chimpanzee. Genetic diversity is a function of the age of a population, the amount of time over which mutations accumulate to generate diversity, and its size. Now, evolutionary geneticists have shown that our ancestors lost much of their genetic diversity in two dramatic bottlenecks that slashed the population of modern humans when they left Africa between 60,000 and 50,000 years ago. Small populations tend to lose genetic diversity faster than large populations due to genetic drift from stochastic sampling error. This is because some versions of a gene can be lost due to chance, and this is more likely to happen when populations are small.
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the anthrax toxin was found to interfere with adenylate cyclase. at which point in the cell signaling pathway would this toxin interrupt normal cell signaling?
The cell signaling pathway in would this toxin interrupts normal cell signaling is the second messenger action.
It describes a series of chemical reactions in which groups of molecules within cells work together to control cellular functions such as cell division and cell death. Binding of signaling molecules to receptors. Signal transduction is when a chemical signal activates an enzyme.
Cell signaling describes the ability of cells to respond to environmental stimuli. Some examples are wound healing after injury, activation of the immune system in response to pathogens, and changes in gene expression at different stages of development. Receptor-ligand interactions and activation of signaling pathways are classified into four distinct types autocrine endocrine paracrine and juxtacrine.
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make a claim that answers the scientific question data nugget
A scientific question is one that may generate a hypothesis and assist in determining the cause of an observation. A sound scientific hypothesis must be verifiable and quantifiable. You can do an experiment to find the solution.
What is Scientific question ?The statement that answers the scientific question can be used to form the claim. Cite particular regions of the table or graph. Data becomes evidence when it backs up the assertion and contributes to resolving the scientific quandary.
Data Nuggets are free educational resources created in collaboration with teachers and scientists to bring up-to-date research and real data to the classroom. Data Nuggets contain a link to the scientist who collected the data as well as the real-life background to their research.The easiest approach to accomplish this is to conduct background study on the subject, create a thesis statement, hypothesis, or claim, and then provide evidence to back up this assertion. The facts, instances, or sources cited to back up a claim are considered evidence.To know more about Scientific question please click here ; https://brainly.com/question/2349335
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what are the different ecological requirements of the two species of chthamalus stellatus and semibalanus balanoides.
Different ecological requirements of the two species of Chthamalus Stellatus and Semi Balanus Balanoides is that: C.s. lives attached to rocks in shallow water and is exposed to air by the receding tides and s.b. lives in the lower down on the same rocks.
What are the ecological requirements of the two species of chthamalus stellatus and semi Balanus balanoides.?Semi Balanus balanoides is a species of large barnacle that are adapted to living within deep water where it is rarely exposed to air. Chthamalus stellatus is slightly smaller species, living in deep and shallow water and are capable of withstanding exposure to air which causes dehydration.
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An atom undergoes radioactive decay according to this equation: what was the identity of the parent atom?.
The identity of the parent atom was iodine with atomic number 54 and mass number 129.
The disintegrating nucleus is typically referred to as the parent nucleus and the nucleus that survives the event as the daughter nucleus in nuclear physics and the physics of nuclear decays. Alpha Decay Parent Nucleus is Daughter Nucleus.
The many types of atoms whose nuclei contain specific numbers of protons and neutrons are referred to as nuclides in nuclear physics and chemistry. The nuclear energy states of nuclides are another way to describe them.
Isomers are nuclides that have distinct energy states but the same mass number and proton number, making them the same isotope by definition.
The given radioactive decay reaction will be as follows.
Iodine → Xenon + electron
Here, beta particle is emitted along with the formation of Xenon.
Thus, we can conclude that in this reaction the parent atom is Iodine.
The question is incomplete, the complete question is
An atom undergoes radioactive decay according to this equation: 129/54 Xe + 0/-1e What was the identity of the parent atom?
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if the reverse transcriptase enzyme carried by a retrovirus was mutated and nonfunctional, how would the virus be affected?
The virus wouldn't be able to make DNA to ingest into the genome of the host.
As the first step in the creation of an infectious, lytic virus, excision of the prophage DNA from the host chromosomal DNA can occasionally result in the removal of some of the host cell DNA, which is packaged into defective bacteriophages; part of the bacteriophage DNA is removed and replaced at the other end by a gene of the host bacterial species. This type of virus is known as a transducing phage because, after infecting a bacterial cell, it can transfer the gene it has captured via phage DNA to the subsequent bacterial cell it infects. The effective transfer of genetic information from one bacterial cell to another is made possible by bacteriophages.To know more about virus
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calculate the amount of energy required to convert 260g of ice at 0.00 degrees Celsius to water at 0.00 degrees Celsius
At '0'°C, 1 g of ice needs 80 calories of heat to turn into water.20800 cal in heat are needed to turn 260 g pf ice into water.
How so much energy is required to turn 55.4 grams of frozen into water at 75.0 degrees Celsius?The result will be heat.Therefore, we can state that turning 55.4 g of snow at 0 °C to water will result in water.It takes 1609–5.92 gems of energy to reach 75 °C.
Which one retains more heat, 1g of snow at 0 C or 1g liquid water at 0 C?At 0°C, 1 gram in water has more heat than 1 gram of ice because water lost 336 J of energy to a atmosphere when it transforms from liquid to solid.
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A population of butterflies has an intrinsic rate of increase of 0.64 but a growth rate of 0.36.
Calculate the carrying capacity of the butterflies when they start with 30 of them.
Answer:
-2.28
Explanation:
The intrinsic rate of increase is the maximum rate of population growth that can be sustained by a species in the absence of limiting factors, such as competition for resources or predation. The growth rate is the actual rate of population growth that is observed in a population. The carrying capacity is the maximum population size that can be sustained by a given environment.
To calculate the carrying capacity of the butterfly population, we need to use the formula:
K = r / (K - r)
Where K is the carrying capacity, r is the intrinsic rate of increase, and K is the growth rate.
In this case, the intrinsic rate of increase is 0.64 and the growth rate is 0.36. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
K = 0.64 / (0.36 - 0.64)
K = 0.64 / (-0.28)
K = -2.28
drag the labels to identify the anatomical differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
In situations where quick reactions are necessary, the sympathetic division typically works. Actions that don't call for a prompt reaction are performed by the parasympathetic division.
What are parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions ?Your sympathetic nervous system is balanced by the parasympathetic portion of your autonomic nervous system. Your body's "fight or flight" response is regulated by your sympathetic nervous system, while the "rest and digest" response is regulated by your parasympathetic nervous system.
These ganglia's nerve cells make connections with the interior organs. The majority of the sympathetic division's ganglia are situated on either side of the spinal cord, just external to it. The parasympathetic division's ganglia are found close to or inside the organs they connect with.
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Answer the questions below.
1. Where are nutrients accumulated or stored for short or long periods?
Answer:
Nutrients are chemicals that are required for plant and animal growth and other life processes. Nutrients are accumulated for short or long periods of time in Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and land masses. Scientists refer to these accumulations as stores (Figure 2.15).
Explanation:
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List the things a plant growing on the surface of earth doing both photosynthesis and cellular respiration has in the biosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. Provide an explanation
Plants carry out photosynthesis by taking carbon dioxide and sunlight (atmosphere) as well as water (hydrosphere), while they also carry out cellular respiration from their own nutrients (biosphere) and oxygen (atmosphere).
What are the metabolic processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?The metabolic process of photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions by which plants can generate glucose by using materials present in the hydrosphere and geosphere (i.e. water) and also oxygen and sunlight from the atmosphere.
Conversely, cellular respiration requires glucose from the biosphere and also oxygen from the atmosphere (i.e. the air).
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the metabolic processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are based on materials and energy obtained from the all layers of the earth including the biosphere, atmosphere, geosphere (e.g. the nutrient for cellular respiration) and hydrosphere (e.g. water).
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why is the golden toad of Costa Rica an example of the limitations of our scientific and technological knowledge. please help its the last question i need
Answer: including the toad's home range in Costa Rica.
Explanation:
becuase the kidneys help produce vitamin d, if the kidneys fail, the absorption of what substance would be impaired
As a result of decreased renal tissue production of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D-3 and hyperphosphatemia, which impairs calcium absorption and lowers serum calcium levels, vitamin D-3 levels during renal failure are also
Which factors lead to hyperphosphatemia?Hyperphosphatemia is defined as a blood phosphate level greater than 4.5 mg/dL (or 1.46 mmol/L). Chronic kidney illness, hypoparathyroidism, and respiratory or metabolic acidosis are some of the contributing factors. Tetany is one of the clinical characteristics that could result from underlying hypocalcemia. Serum phosphate levels are used to make the diagnosis.
what is signs and symptoms of hyperphosphatemia ?Patients occasionally describe symptoms including muscle cramps, tetany, or perioral numbness or tingling, which are signs and signs of acute hyperphosphatemia brought on by the effects of hypocalcemia. Other signs include rash, pruritus, and discomfort in the bones and joints.
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use the out-of-africa hypothesis to explain why it is possible that some or none of your genome may be derived from neanderthals.
According to the out-of-Africa hypothesis, it is possible that some or none of our genome may be derived from Neanderthals because Homo Sapiens interbred with the Neanderthals during ancient times.
According to the out-of-Africa hypothesis, Homo Sapiens were known to originate from the land of Africa.
After the origination, for some reason, all of the Homo Sapiens migrated to the Neanderthals before spreading to Europe. Hence, as history relates, the homo sapiens interbreed in the region of Neanderthals. Hence, it is possible that all Europeans or all of the Homo Sapiens have a part of their genome that is derived from the region of Neanderthals.
If only, this derived part of the genome can be altered if there are more mutations in those regions of the DNA.
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human manipulation of agricultural landscapes in gujarat have resulted in communities of plants and animals characteristic of which biome?
The human manipulation of agricultural landscapes in Gujarat has resulted in communities of plants and animals characteristic of which biome is savannah.
Humans live in terrestrial biomes. Our bodies are adapted to the conditions of the land. Terrestrial biomes include tundra biomes, taiga biomes, desert biomes, forest biomes, and grassland biomes. Dead zones are caused by excessive nitrogen and phosphorus contamination from human activities, including:
Agricultural effluents from farmlands that carry nutrients from manure and animal manure into rivers and streams and eventually into the Chesapeake Bay. Congaree River. It contributes to weather patterns and causes ocean currents that regulate climate. The topography surrounding Columbia does not contribute to heat reversal.
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Do more underwater labs need to be created? Why or why not?
Answer:
It's opinions based so I'll give you some info that you can use for whatever you choose.
Explanation:
It costs lots of money as well as staff which is very expensive to maintain one. There is also extra costs required for developing, testing, and maintaining a water proof area.
Which takes place inside the chloroplast?
A:light reaction only
B:light and dark reactions
C:light reaction and cellular respiration
D:dark reactions only
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a chemical process by which plants and other photoautotrophs generate carbohydrates and oxygen from carbon dioxide, and water, using light energy in chloroplasts. During the process of photosynthesis, both light and dark reactions occur in the chloroplast. The light responses depend on light to produce organic energy molecules (ATP and NADPH) which are stimulated by chlorophyll (green-colored pigment) while the dark reactions are light-independent.
a bomb calorimeter can provide a close approximation for the amount of energy that will be produced by the body through the process of metabolism.
There are two solutions to this problem, either:
1: Isha has the bigger part (:3)
2: or Isha has the smaller part (2:)
What is type b blood?Jay has type b blood and his wife isha has type a blood. both of jay's parents have type ab blood and both isha's parents also have type ab blood.
Isha = 3x = 600
solve for x:
x = 600/3 = 200
Then Roger has 2x = 2*200 = 400
600:400
6:4
3:2
the ratio complies, Isha has 600 and Roger 400
Isha = 2x = 600
x = 300
Roger = 3x = 3*300 = 900
600:900
6:9
2:3
the ratio complies, Isha has 600 and Roger 900.
Therefore, There are two solutions to this problem, either:
1: Isha has the bigger part (:3)
2: or Isha has the smaller part (2:)
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How are genes involved in the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next?
O They're individually transferred between cells during reproduction.
O They're passed along on the surface of cells during reproduction
They're on the chromosomes that are combined during reproduction
O They're transferred from only a single parent during reproduction
Answer:
The correct answer is C. Genes are the units of heredity, and they are present on chromosomes.
Explanation:
Chromosomes are the structures that carry genetic information in the form of DNA. When cells divide during reproduction, they pass along their chromosomes to their daughter cells. This means that the genes on these chromosomes are also passed along and inherited by the next generation. This is how traits are inherited from one generation to the next.
What best describes the roles of photosystem i and photosystem ii in the process of photosynthesis?.
Answer:
They absorb sunlight and transfer the energy to electrons.
How could you use the steps for evaluating a player for a concussion in evaluating whether someone is concussed? Please help!
Migraine or a headache, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, cognitive difficulty, Variations in mood, sleeping issues, diagnosis of concussions are the most typical signs of concussion.
How could you use the steps for evaluating a player for a concussion in evaluating whether someone is concussed?
A thorough examination and cognitive test must be conducted by a physician skilled in identifying and treating concussions. This will enable them to assess the level and impact of the concussion.
Your doctor will examine you for the following things which are hearing, Vision and reflexes and equilibrium and coordination your memory and the last one is your span of attention.
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A person with blood type O has which antibodies in their blood plasma?
A. No antibodies
B. Anti-A antibodies
C. Anti-B antibodies
D. Anti-O antibodies
Anti-A and anti-B antibodies are present in plasma of blood group O, which lacks antigens.
What is The ABO system ?According to the ABO system, there are 4 primary blood types:
Blood group A has A antigens on the red blood cells and anti-B antibodies in the plasma. Blood group B has B antigens and anti-A antibodies in the plasma. Blood group O has neither antigens nor anti-B antibodies.The most prevalent blood group is O. Blood group O accounts for 48% of the population in the UK.It may be fatal to get blood from the incorrect ABO group. People with group B blood, for instance, will develop anti-A antibodies that will target group A cells if they receive group A blood.Because of this, it is forbidden to give group A blood to a group B recipient and vice versa.Red blood cells from group O can be donated to any other group without any risk since they lack A or B antigens.For additional details on the various blood groups, visit the NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) webpage.To Learn more About Active Anti-A and anti-B antibodies refer To:
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Which of the following is NOT a myofilament?
Question options:
A) actin
B) myosin
C) troponin
D) none of the above
Answer:
C) troponin
Explanation:
8. The Of sound wave depends on the kind of material the waves are traveling through
a) Speed
b) Distance
c) Time
d) Energy
Hypothesize how photosynthesis can affect these changes, explain in 3 to 5 sentences
The process of the formation of food by trapping the sunlight with the help of chloroplast is called photosynthesis.
These are the following which are used in process photosynthesis:-
-Carbon dioxide
-Water
-Sunlight
Photosynthesis is greatly dependent on the amount of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere because photosynthesis is the process where carbon dioxide gas is used in large amounts.
If the vegetation occurs higher in the season, the decrease will occur in the carbon dioxide concentration of the atmosphere while on the other hand, if less vegetation occurs then there is a higher amount of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere.
Hence, the larger the amount of carbon dioxide more the yield from photosynthesis. In some cases, the high amount of carbon dioxide also acts as a poison.
What factors must be considered when choosing a vector for a gene therapy trial?.
Important parameters to be considered when choosing a gene therapy vector include
size limitations for insertion of transgenes, purity and titer of the vector, transduction efficiency, ability to infect dividing and/or quiescent cells, long-term expression of transgenes.Factors like the size of the transgene, the kind of gene therapy target cells used, how the transgene should be expressed and more are generally considered while choosing any vector for gene therapy.
An ideal gene therapy vector should not be able to replicate by its own DNA and be helpful for long-term gene expression. In addition, it should be nonpathogenic and nontoxic.
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What kind of mutation occurred in the DNA sequence below?
AGA – GGA – CCT original DNA sequence
AGA – GGG – ACC mutated DNA sequence
ANSWER CHOICES
-----
A -Nondisjunction
B - Substitution
C - Insertion
D - Deletion
Answer:
Substitution
Explanation:
Substitution is when one base replaced another which is what has happened here with A turning into G and T turning into a C.
explain how radioactive isotopes can be used to determine that the oxygen produced during photosynthesis comes from the hydrolysis of water
One radioactive isotope of oxygen, O18, is utilized as a reactant, and the products generated in the reaction are investigated.
How can we be certain that the oxygen produced during photosynthesis is derived from water?To track the destiny of oxygen atoms during photosynthesis, a heavy isotope is used as a tracer. The investigations demonstrated that only when water was the source of the tracer did the O2 from plants get labeled with 18O.
Who established that the water that water evolved from during photosynthesis is oxygen?Ruben and Kamen are the right response. Ruben and Kamen established that water is the source from which oxygen developed during photosynthesis. The splitting of water molecules to release oxygen molecules is referred to as photolysis, which is an oxidation of water.
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What is the name of the structure in the inner ear which serves to maintain a sense of equilibrium and orientation in space?.
Answer:
The Utricle and Saccule
Explanation:
Answer:
The vestibular system
Explanation:
The vestibular system is the sensory apparatus of the inner ear that helps the body maintain its postural equilibrium.
how at least 2 different body systems work together to maintain homeostasis in your body if you are out in cold weather.
Different body systems work together to maintain homeostasis in the human body if you are out in a cold weather.
How does body systems work to maintain homeostasis in your body if you are out in cold weather?Cardiovascular, urinary, and lymphatic systems help the body control water balance. The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems transport fluids in the body and help sense solute and water levels and regulate pressure. If the water level goes high, then the urinary system produces more dilute urine to help eliminate excess water. If the water level gets low, then more concentrated urine is produced so the water is conserved.
Cardiovascular, integumentary, respiratory, and muscular systems work together to help the body maintain stable internal temperature. If body temperature increases, then blood vessels in the skin dilate, allowing more blood to flow near the surface of the skin. This results in heat dissipation through the skin and in the surrounding air. The skin produces sweat if the body gets too hot and when sweat evaporates, it helps to cool the body.
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