what are two examples of stem cells working in adults?
A. New mucus-producing cells are made by a type of cell in the stomach lining
B. Ectodern cells form an outer layer of skin
C. Cells continue to divide to form three germ layer.
D. Unipotent cells produce skeletal muscle cells to repair a damaged muscle

Answer:

Explanation:

Photosynthetic organisms need light because this is the source of the energy that is transformed to chemical energy by chlorophyll. These organisms need water because the electrons that are excited in chlorophyll and passed to the electron transport system are replaced with electrons from a split water molecule. Hydrogen is used to form the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. The electrons take from the oxygen molecules in water release an oxygen gas into the atmosphere which makes living possible for us.

Answer:

Intra-Cloud

Explanation:

Answer:points

Explanation:

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Natural selection decreases the genetic variation in populations  by selecting for or against a specific gene or gene combination

Genetic variations that alter gene activity introduce different traits in an organism. If a trait is advantageous and helps the individual survive and reproduce, then genetic variation is more likely to be passed on to the next generation, which is known as natural selection.

As natural selection is a mechanism of evolution, organisms that are more adapted to environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success. Therefore, this process causes species to change and diverge over time.

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After some important cellular processes, there is an abundance of carbon dioxide (CO₂) molecules inside the cell, but not enough molecules outside the cell. CO₂ molecules would move outside the cell due to the process of diffusion.  

Cell is the basic fundamental unit of life that acts as the building block of all the organisms. A cell can be of two types based on its origin: prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

Diffusion is the process of movement of solute particles from the region of its higher concentration to lower concentration. This movement does not required the expenditure of energy and hence it is a passive process.

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The three organelles that are most involved in protein synthesis include: Nucleus, Ribosomes and Endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

The protein synthesis is the formation of polypeptide chain from amino acids. It takes place in two stages of transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions from DNA to mRNA in the cell nucleus. It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Translation is formation of protein from mRNA.

Proteins are largest, complex molecules that play many important roles in the body. They perform most of their work inside the cell and are necessary for the structure, function and regulation of body tissues and organs

Several essential substances must be present for protein synthesis, including the 20 amino-acids that make up proteins. Another essential component is a set of enzymes that work in this process. DNA and another form of nucleic acid called ribonucleic acid (RNA) are also essential.

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Kingdom Plantae includes autotrophic organisms with cellulosic cell wall while kingdom Animalia includes heterotrophic organisms without the cell wall.

Kingdom Animalia is characterized by the presence of multicellular body, heterotrophic mode of nutrition, eukaryotic cells and cells without cell wall. Kingdom Plantae are autotrophs because they use energy from sun to produce their food. Plants have cellulose as a cell wall material.

Cell walls are generally absent in many eukaryotes, including animals, but are present in some other ones like fungi, algae and plants, and in most of the prokaryotic organisms.

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The inference that can be drawn when a large population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide where a few of the cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray is that: Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce.

Insecticide are the compounds that are used to get rid of the pests and insects in the crop fields or at homes. They can be organic, synthetic, inorganic or miscellaneous.

Variations are the changes in the genetic sequence of an organism. These are also called mutations. Usually the mutations are harmful but beneficial mutations can arise as well that help the population of organisms to survive better in the unfavorable conditions.

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Oxygen is the solvent and helium is the solute.

To create a homogenous mixture, a solute must dissolve in a solvent. The substance that dissolves in a solvent to create a homogeneous mixture is known as a solute.

The substance that typically determines the solution's physical state is the solvent (solid, liquid or gas). The substance that dissolves in the solvent is known as a solute. For instance, in a solution of salt and water, salt serves as the solute and water as the solvent.

In fluid solutions, there is a larger concentration of solvent than solute. Salt and water are two excellent examples of substances that we use on a daily basis. Since salt dissolves in water, it serves as the solute.

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Fragmentation can result from damage to the original animal

Body breaking into two pieces with subsequent regeneration is known as fragmentation. A separate individual will reappear if the animal has the ability to fragment and the part is large enough. For instance, many sea stars use fragmentation to carry out asexual reproduction.

In some organisms, such as planarians, when an organism's body splits into several pieces, each piece develops into a separate offspring. Fragmentation is the term for this. It can happen accidentally, through harm from predators or other sources, or as a result of natural reproduction.

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The sorting that occurs during blank Meiosis 1 separates homologues from each other. Meiosis uses a two-step division mechanism to achieve these goals.

During the initial round of cell division, known as meiosis I, homologue pairs split apart. Sister chromatids split apart during meiosis II, the second round.

Disjunction describes the division of homologous chromosomes during anaphase I. Disjunction is a crucial component of the anaphase processes of mitosis and meiosis (I and II). Sister chromatids split and travel to the polar opposites of the cell during the anaphase of mitosis.

In prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes are paired; they are then split apart in anaphase I, resulting in a halving of the number of chromosomes.

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Answer: A. Paper

Explanation: Water is the element what puts out a fire. Oxygen stands alone in the fire triangle, and carbon dioxide is not a physical thing; therefore, it can not fuel a fire. Paper is the only thing that can properly fuel the fire out of these 4 options.

Blood sugar is an example of a homeostatic reinforcing feedback loop.

homeostasis is the state of the  steady internal, physical, and chemical of  conditions maintained by living things , organisms and systems. This is the condition of optimal by to the  functioning for the organisms and included many of the variables, such as body temperatures and the body  fluid balance, beings kept within certain pre-set limits.

Examples of processes that is  utilise negative feedback and  loops include homeostatic by the systems, such as: Thermoregulation (if body temperature changes, mechanisms are the  induced to restore normal levels) Blood and  sugar regulation (insulin lowers blood glucose when it is the  levels are high ; glucagon raises blood by  glucose when levels are low)

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Assume that we have the dominant allele 'D' and the recessive allele 'd'. Lets make the example that the gene these encode for the fake disease called 'Fake Disease'. The recessive allele 'd' encodes for if you HAVE the disease. The dominant allele encodes for NOT having the disease. You get  passed on a version of this allele from both your parents and hence any individual will have the genotype of 'XX' (basically your genotype will be a combination of the two alleles dependent on what you got from your parents). ALSO for a recessive allele to be expressed in the phenotype (definition below) you need to have two copies of it because other wise the dominant allele 'D' will 'hide' the occurance of the single 'd' allele.

Homozygous (the prefix 'homo' means SAME).

Heterozygous (the prefix 'hetero' means DIFFERENT).

Genotype = the genes you have in your genome

Phenotype = what trait is expressed due to what genes you have

Homozygous dominant = SAME of the Dominant allele

- Genotype: DD (the two alleles you have are the same and are both the dominant alleles)

- Phenotype: Does not have Fake Disease (as the recessive 'd' allele encodes for this and the individual does not have two of the 'd' the disease is not expressed in the genotype)

Heterozygous = DIFFERENT alleles

- Genotype: Dd (you get one copy of each allele but both are different from each other)

- Phenotype:  Does not have Fake Disease (the dominant allele 'D' is what it is called 'dominant' it dominants over the recessive allele and will cover the expression of the recessive allele)

Homozygous Recessive = SAME of the Recessive Allele

- Genotype: dd

- Phenotype: Does have Fake Disease (having two recessive alleles of a trait means that it is expressed in the individual.

Hopefully this helps!!! (sorry if you already know some of the stuff I explained I don't know your level of knowledge on this topic and just wanted to make sure my answer made sense)

The alternative RNA splicing results in different proteins derived from the same initial RNA transcription introns/exons being read and chosen differently. Original RNA is spliced differently producing varying mRNA.

Alternative splicing can provide evolutionary flexibility. Single point mutations can result in the occasional exclusion or inclusion of specific exons from transcripts during splicing, allowing new protein isoforms to be generated without loss of the original protein.

Alternative splicing is a cellular process in which exons of the same gene are combined in different combinations to produce different but related mRNA transcripts. These mRNAs can be translated to produce different proteins with different structures and functions all from a single gene. Alternative splicing is a molecular mechanism that alters the pre-mRNA structure prior to translation.

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It is true that one irradiation facility uses a 60co source that has an activity of 1.0×106ci. 60co undergoes beta decay and then gives off two gamma rays, at 1.17 and 1.33 mev.

Irradiation facility is designed with overlapping layers of protection, interlocks, and safeguards to stop accidental radiation exposure. In addition, "melt-downs" don't occur in facilities as a result of the radiation supply provides off radiation and decay heat; but, the warmth isn't ample to soften any material.

A pathogen is outlined as an organism inflicting sickness to its host, with the severity of the sickness symptoms spoken as virulence. Pathogens are taxonomically wide numerous and comprise viruses and bacterium likewise as animate thing and cellular eukaryotes.

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The muscles of the thigh is divided into three compartments: anterior compartment, medial compartment and posterior compartment. Function of anterior compartment muscles is to extend lower limb at knee joint.

The medial thigh muscles allows for adduction of the leg. Weak adductor muscles can cause knee instability and increase the risk of an adductor strain. Medial thigh muscles protect important neurovascular structures as they pass from the proximal hip joint to knee and lower leg

Weak thigh muscles are common cause of runner's knee, which is a treatable cause of anterior knee pain. Weak thigh muscles allow kneecap to move sideways and rub abnormally against thighbone.

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The Kingdom Animalia stands apart among them due to the presence of multicellular bodies, a heterotrophic source of nutrition, eukaryotic cells, and cells without a cell wall.

The five Kingdom system has been used to group all creatures into these five categories. The Kingdom Animalia stands out among them due to the presence of multicellular organisms, a heterotrophic mode of nutrition, eukaryotic cells, and cells without a cell wall.

Members of the kingdom Monera include unicellular prokaryotic BGA and bacteria. Algae, every type of protozoa, and eukaryotic unicellular organisms are all included in the Protista kingdom. The kingdom fungus includes multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes with chitinous cell walls. Kingdom Plantae is home to autotrophic organisms with cellulose cell walls while kingdom Animalia is home to heterotrophic animals without one.

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Answer: The correct Answer is D, Earth's climate goes through short-term cycles of cooling and warming.

Explanation:

In a pond that experiences succession, species richness increases over time.

During succession, species diversity declines. A large number of species that enter the canopy through tiny holes and a comparatively small number that regrow in the huge clearings are characteristics of communities where such large patches are uncommon. Following a significant disturbance, diversity grows throughout the succession phase.

New species enter a region at each stage and may displace the ones that came before them, frequently as a result of environmental modifications produced by the preceding species. The community may eventually attain a condition of relative stability and stop shifting in composition.

Hence, species richness increases as result of succession.

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When a family goes on vacation, they come home to find that all of their houseplants have wilted because the cells lack sufficient water pressure to support them. Because there is no water in the vacuole, the cell becomes weaker, which makes the plants wilt.

Soil salts have the ability to hold water. Less water is thus available for plant uptake, exacerbating water stress and root dehydration.

phrases best sum up aided diffusion ,Through specific membrane proteins, solutes transverse the membrane along their gradient of concentration. Small, neutral molecules leave a cell along their gradient of concentration.

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The movement of phosphorus from the environment to oraganism and back is called the Phosphorus cycle.

The repeated movement of a specific nutrient or element through one or more organisms and back to the environment is known as a "nutrient cycle."

Phosphorus is a crucial component for all living things. It contributes significantly to DNA and RNA's structural foundation.

They are a crucial part of ATP as well.

Phosphorus makes up 80% of the bones and teeth in humans.

The phosphorus cycle progresses very slowly. The phosphorus in the rocks is washed into the soil by a number of weather-related processes. The organic matter in the soil, which is used for numerous biological activities, absorbs phosphorus.

Since phosphorus and compounds containing phosphorus are only found on land, the atmosphere has little impact on the phosphorus cycle.

Following are the important steps of phosphorus cycle:

1.Weathering

2.Absorption by Plants

3.Absorption by Animals

4.Return to the Environment through Decomposition

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Answer:

Part of the cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer,

Explanation:

Cell membranes are composed of proteins and lipids. Since they are made up of mostly lipids, only certain substances can move through. Phospholipids are the most abundant type of lipid found in the membrane. Phospholipids are made up of two layers, the outer and inner layers., made of two layers of phospholipid molecules. However, the cell membrane also contains other macromolecules like membrane proteins, and carbohydrates. Therefore, we can say that the cell membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer, but it is not only made of it.

Answer:

The answer should be A. They could have genotype Cc or cc

Explanation:

        C     c

 [tex]{c}\\{c}[/tex]   [tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}Cc&cc\\Cc&cc\end{array}\right][/tex]

I tried to make a punnet square as best as I could..

To jog your memory about the basics of punnet squares and what certain words mean.

If a person is homozygous they carry two identical alleles (CC or cc).

If a person is heterozygous that means that they carry two different alleles, one dominant and one recessive (Cc).

As the statement shows, individual 5 is heterozygous, meaning their genotype is Cc.

Their partner is a shaded individual, which means they have cystic fibrosis, which is homozygous recessive. This means their genotype is cc.

When doing a punnet square, you will see the two outcomes of possible genotypes are Cc and cc. This means there is a 50% (or 2/4) chance of individual 12 being healthy (Cc), or there is a 50% (or 2/4) chance of the individual having cystic fibrosis (cc).

Grandpa Minion's genotype for color blindness would be [tex]X^CY[/tex].

Color blindness in humans generally is an x-linked or sex-linked, recessive trait.

The sex chromosome of males is XY while that of females is XX. In other words, males can only take a single allele of sex-linked traits because he has only one X chromosome. Thus, males are either affected or unaffected by x-linked traits. There is no chance of being heterozygous or a carrier.

Going by this principle, Grandpa Minion is a male and would have the XY genotype. The X chromosome will carry the color blindness trait either in the dominant or recessive form. Thus, the only plausible option that can pass as the genotype of Grandpa Minion is [tex]X^CY[/tex].

[tex]X^CX^C[/tex] and [tex]X^CX[/tex] can only be for females while in [tex]XY[/tex], there is nothing that indicates the presence of the color blindness allele, be it in dominant or recessive forms.

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The process of antibody production after initial exposure to an antigen is known as the Primary response.

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The temporary release of stress hormones into the bloodstream facilitates long-term potentiation (Option 5).

The process of long-term potentiation is a physiological process associated with the increase in the synaptic signaling pathway among nerve (neuronal) cells, which may be associated with the secretion of different chemical messengers including hormones.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the process of long-term potentiation is associated with enhanced synaptic signaling and long-lasting neuronal communication, a process linked to the release of chemical messengers called hormones.

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The following structure is pyranose form of the galactose as the given cyclic shape incorporates 5 carbon atoms and one oxygen atom forming a 6-membered heterocyclic sugar.

The cyclic shape of sugar is assessed as furanose or pyranose sugar primarily based totally at the range of atoms that bureaucracy the ring. A pyranose shape of sugar is a 6-membered ring that includes 5 carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. They are shaped with the aid of using sugars with an aldehyde useful organization.

A 5-membered cyclic shape of sugar is known as a furanose ring with 4 carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. They are shaped while the sugar has a ketone organization withinside the 2nd position.

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In the human genome most of the diversity occur in is in the sequences that code for tRNA(Transfer RNA).

Human ancestral lines are relatively young compared to other species. Man is a genetically homogeneous species. Although a small number of genetic variants are found more frequently in certain geographic regions or in people with ancestry from those regions, this variation represents a small percentage of the human genome. They are transcribed by RNA polymerase III (Pol III) and go through a series of processing steps and post-transcriptional modifications to become fully active. tRNA also exhibits great sequence diversity in the human genome, but the tRNA gene sequence variation and potential functional implications in individual human genomes have not been studied. Human genetic variation is the genetic differences within and between populations. There can be several variants of a given gene in the human population (alleles), a situation called polymorphism.

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