The values of entropy δs for the water, the surroundings, and the universe for the evaporation of water are positive, negative, positive.
What is entropy?
Entropy is a term used to describe the increase in disorganization inside a system or the assessment of the degree of unpredictability. It is denoted by δs.
Gases have a higher entropy than liquids, which in turn has a higher entropy than solids. The entropy of water increases when it transforms from a liquid to a gas.
So, δs of water is positive.
The environment's entropy must decrease in order to provide the system with the thermal energy it needs.
So, δs of surroundings is negative.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that if a process is spontaneous i.e. water evaporation in universe.
So, δs of evaporation from open pan is positive.
The values of δs for the water, the surroundings, and the universe for the evaporation of water are positive, negative, positive.
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a certain isotope decays at a rate such that it loses 15% of its mass every second. find the equation of the form
The equation of the form of isotope is M(n) = (1 - 15%)ⁿ M grams. Where M is the initial mass of an isotope.
If the initial mass of an isotope is M grams and every second it loses 15%, it means the remaining of an isotope
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if 34.42 ml of 0.1013 m naoh is needed to neutralize a 25.00 ml of h2so4. what is the concentration of sulfuric acid?
6.973x 10^-2 M is the concentration of sulfuric acid.A chemical reaction known as neutralization occurs when an acid and a base quantitatively react with one another.
The pH of the neutralized solution is determined by the acidity of the reactant. In a neutralization process, an acid and a base combine to create salt and water.
The response to this issue is as follows:
H2SO4 + 2 NaOH = Na2SO4 + 2 H2O
To ascertain the molar ratio of the reactants, we require this reaction. The ratio is thus 1 mol H2SO4 to 2 mol NaOH.
This is the following method of calculation:
0.03442x 0.103x 1mol H2SO4/2molNaOHX1/0.0025=6.973X10^-2
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calculate the total heat (in kj) need to convert 12.00 g of ice at -5.00 deg c to liquid water at 0.500 deg c.
The total heat (in kj) need to convert 12.00 g of ice at -5.00 °C to liquid water at 0.500 °C is 4.16 kJ.
1) The ice from -5.00 °C to 0 ° C
the heat capacity is given as :
q1 = mc ΔT
q1 = 12 × 2.09 × ( 0 - (-5))
q1 = 125.4 J
2) the ice at 0 ° C to water at 0 ° C
q2 = n ΔHfussion
q2 = (12 g / 18 g / mol) × 6.02 kJ/mol
q2 = 4003.3 J
3) liquid from 0 °C TO 0.5 °C
q3 = mc ΔT
q3 = 12 × 4.21 ( 5 - 0)
q3 = 25.26 J
the total heat is given as = q1 + q2 + q3
= 125.5 + 4003.3 + 25.26
= 4160 J = 4.16 kJ
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how many signals would you expect each of the following molecules to have in its 1h and 13c spectra?
The ¹H NMR spectrum of the following molecule will contain one signal. The carbon - 13 NMR spectrum of the following molecule will contain two signals.
CH₃)₂ C = C (CH₃)₂, this molecule contains 4 methyl groups with the three protons each. all the methyl group are attached to the doble bonded carbon , so all the protons have same atomic connectivity. Therefore, ¹H NMR spectrum of the molecule will contain one signal.
CH₃)₂ C = C (CH₃)₂, this molecules has two types of chemically different carbon atoms C = C and four CH₃. Therefore, The carbon - 13 NMR spectrum of the following molecule will contain two signals.
The question is incomplete, the complete question is :
how many signals would you expect each of the following molecules to have in its ¹H and ¹³C spectra? (CH₃)₂ C = C (CH₃)₂.
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What solute particles are present in an aqueous solution of ch3coch3 c h 3 c o c h 3 ?.
Only one solute particles are present in an aqueous solution of CH₃COCH₃.
What is electrolytes?
When dissolved in water, electrolytes are materials that have a natural electrical charge that is either positive or negative. In addition to other things, they support your body's ability to control chemical processes and keep the fluid levels inside and outside of your cells in equilibrium.
Electrolytes include substances like sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and phosphate.
The electrolyte category also includes water, which puts it in the same group as necessary minerals.
Therefore, Only one solute particles are present in an aqueous solution of CH₃COCH₃.
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a compound which contains 35.5% carbon, 8.80 % hydrogen and 55.9% fluorine by mass would have which empirical formula?
The compound's empirical formula is C2H5F.
What is the quick way to locate the empirical formula?Using the molecular mass, which is the total of the atomic (molar) masses listed in the periodic table. m/n = M where n is the number of moles, m is the mass in grams (g), and M is the compound's molecular mass in grams/moles.
What use does the empirical formula serve in chemistry?Typically, the empirical formula is used to only display the components of a molecule. When one wishes to quickly identify the elements they are working with, this is helpful. When you want to know how many atoms of each element are present in the molecule, the molecular formula is the most helpful.
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Which is an example of an applied force?
Answer: A person pushing a barrel is an example of applied force.
Explanation:
What is the melting point of ice of common salt
The melting point of ice of common salt that is compound of NaCl is -2°C due to freezing point depression.
What is compound?Compound is defined as a chemical substance made up of identical molecules containing atoms from more than one type of chemical element.
Molecule consisting atoms of only one element is not called compound.It is transformed into new substances during chemical reactions. There are four major types of compounds depending on chemical bonding present in them.They are:
1)Molecular compounds where in atoms are joined by covalent bonds.
2) ionic compounds where atoms are joined by ionic bond.
3)Inter-metallic compounds where atoms are held by metallic bonds
4) co-ordination complexes where atoms are held by co-ordinate bonds.
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The following solutions are prepared by dissolving the requisite amount of solute in water to obtain the desired concentrations. Rank the solutions according to their respective osmotic pressures in decreasing order assuming the complete dissociation of ionic compounds.Rank from highest to lowest osmotic pressure. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.1M MgCl2, 1M KCl, 2M CH3CH2CH2OH, 1M C12H22O11
The order according to their respective osmotic pressures is C₆H₁₂O₆ < NaCl ≈ CH₃OH < MgCl₂.
What is osmotic pressure?
The pressure difference required to stop solvent from flowing through a semipermeable membrane is known as the osmotic pressure of a solution. The relationship between a solution's osmotic pressure and molar concentration of its solute particles
The formula for osmotic pressure (Π) is
Π = icRT
If T is constant,
Π = kic
C₆H₁₂O₆:
Π = k × 1 × 1 = k
MgCl₂:
Π = k × 3 × 1 = 3k
CH₃OH:
Π = k × 1 × 2 = 2k
NaCl:
Π = k × 2 × 1 = 2k
Hence, The order of osmotic pressures is C₆H₁₂O₆ < NaCl ≈ CH₃OH < MgCl₂
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Limestone forms as ocean water evaporates and leaves calcium carbonate behind, which is then deposited on the ocean floor. what type of rock can be formed in this way?
Calcium carbonate, which is then deposited on the seafloor, is left behind as ocean water evaporates, forming limestone. Sedimentary rock is the kind of rock that can be created in this manner.
Inorganic sedimentary rocks formed from the land have a fragmented or clastic structure. Rocks with an inorganic composition that are sedimentary are formed on land.
Conglomerate, brescia, and sandstone are a few types of inorganic sedimentary rocks that are formed from the land.
The primary source of the substance lime is limestone, a form of carbonate sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The minerals calcite and aragonite, which are various crystal forms of CaCO3, make up the majority of its material. When these minerals separate from water that has dissolved calcium, limestone is created.
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sucrose c12h22o11 which is commonly known as table sugar reacts in dulte acid solutions to form two simpler sugars glose and fructose both which have the formula c5h12o6. is the reaction first or second order with respect to c12h22o11 how do you know?
sucrose c12h22o11 which is commonly known as table sugar reacts in dulte acid solutions to form two simpler sugars glose and fructose both which have the formula c5h12o6. The reaction is first order with respect to c12h22o11 .
first-order reaction is a chemical process in which the rate at which it occurs is linear fashion dependent on the amount of an only reactant. In other phrases, a first-order reaction is a reaction in which the rates to monitor and influence as the concentration of just one of the reacting changes. A first-order reaction is a chemical process in which the rate of the reaction is entirely determined by the concentration of just one reactant. If the concentration of the initial reactant is trebled in such reactions, the response time is also doubled.
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Give a mess occupied 919 mL in a tri State at STP the same mass when collected over water at 15°C in 750 mmHg pressure occupies 1 L volume calculate vapor pressure at 15°C
classify the components as most accurately describing cofactors, coenzymes, or neither.
1. Ca2+
2. Urease
3. NADP
4. CoQ
5. ascorbic acid
6. Inorganic ion
a. Cofactors
b. Coenzymes
c. Neither ascorbic acid
There are no components in the list which are neither cofactors, or coenzymes.
The components as cofactors are Ca2+, Urease, CoQ, ascorbic acid, and Inorganic ion. A cofactor is a non-protein matter or bimetallic particle that's needed for an enzyme's role as a catalyst. Cofactors may be thought-about "helper molecules" that assist in biochemical transformations.
The component as coenzymes is NADP. Coenzymes ar organic compounds needed by several enzymes for chemical change activity. they're typically vitamins, or derivatives of vitamins. typically they'll act as catalysts within the absence of enzymes, however not thus effectively as in conjunction with an enzyme.
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Suppose a sample of bone fossil contains 5. 2% of the carbon-14 found in an equal amount of carbon in present-day bone. Estimate the age of the fossil, assuming an exponential decay model. The half-life of carbon-14 is approximately 5700 years.
The age of fossil in years will be: 6765 years.
How to calculate age of fossil ?
A)Determine decimal fraction of C-14 remaining:
6.00 / 13.6 = 0.4411765
B) Determine how many half-lives have elapsed:
(1/2)n = 0.4411765
n = 1.18057
C)Determine length of time elapsed:
5730 yr x 1.18057 = 6765 yr
What is carbon-14?
Carbon-14, C-14, or radiocarbon, is a radioactive isotope of carbon with a nucleus containing six protons and eight neutrons. Its occurrence in organic matter is the basis of the radiocarbon dating method developed by Willard Libby and his colleagues for the dating of archaeological, geological, and hydrogeological samples.
Thus, the age of fossil in years will be: 6765 years.
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predict the missing component of each reaction. ? 2 upper n a upper b r right arrow 2 upper n a upper c l plus upper b r subscript 2. hcl cl2 na hbr
The missing component is Cl₂.
The missing component is CO₂ + 2H₂O.
1. The following can be used to present the reaction:
? + 2NaBr → 2NaCl + Br₂
Both 2 Na and 2 Br are present on the reactant side, whereas 2 Na, 2 Br, and 2 Cl are present on the product side.
So the missing component is Cl₂.
2. The following is a presentation of the possible reaction;
CH₄ + 2O₂ → ?
The elements in the reactant side of the reaction are 1 Carbon, 4 hydrogen and 4 oxygen.
The elements in the product side are missing.
Therefore;
The the missing elements in the product are, 1 Carbon, 4 hydrogen and 4 oxygen. which gives;
The missing component = CO₂ + 2H₂O.
So, the missing components for reaction 1 is Cl₂ and for reaction 2 is CO₂ + 2H₂O.
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Determine the mass of 250. 0 ml of benzene. The density of benzene is 0. 8765 g/ml.
Answer:
[tex] \huge{ \boxed{219.13 \: g}}[/tex]
Explanation:
To find the mass of the substance given it's density and volume, we use the formula;
[tex] \bold{density( \rho) = \frac{mass}{volume} \\ } [/tex]
Since the mass is the unknown variable in the question, we make mass the subject and solve for it.
mass = density × volume
From the question
density = 0.8765 g/mlvolume = 250 ml[tex]mass = 0.8765 \times 250 = 219.125[/tex]
We have the final answer as
219.13 gWhat should you do if you spill hydrochloric acid on your skin or clothing? check all that apply.
Remove any contaminated clothing and quickly flush your skin with lots of water for at least 15 minutes if hydrochloric acid has touched your skin. Use water, antibacterial cream, and disinfectant soap in case of serious contact with the skin.
What is Contaminated?
A material, physical body, natural environment, workplace, or any other object can become contaminated when it has an ingredient, impurity, or another unfavourable element that taints corrupts, infects, renders unfit, or degrades it.
What is Hydrochloric acid?
An aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride is hydrochloric acid, often called muriatic acid. It is a colourless solution with an overpowering odour. A strong acid is how it is categorized. It is a part of the stomach acid in most animal species' digestive systems, including humans.
Hence, remove any contaminated clothing and quickly flush your skin with lots of water for at least 15 minutes if hydrochloric acid has touched your skin. Use water, antibacterial cream, and disinfectant soap in case of serious contact with the skin.
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Calculate the mass percent of ethylene glycol (hoch2ch2oh) in a solution made by dissolving 3. 2 g of ethylene glycol in 43. 5 g of water.
Thus, the obtained mass percent is 6.85%.
Given information: Ethylene glycol's mass is 3.2 g.
Water has a mass of 43.5 g.
Mass of solution equals mass of solute plus mass of solvent, which is equal to 3.2 + 43.5 = 46.7 g.
Where does ethylene glycol come from?Ethylene glycol is a helpful industrial substance that can be found in a variety of consumer goods. Antifreeze, some stamp pad inks, ballpoint pens, solvents, paints, plastics, films, and cosmetics are a few examples. It may also serve as a delivery system..
Is ethylene glycol safe to drink?If swallowed, it is poisonous. Ethylene glycol can be unintentionally ingested, consumed on purpose during a attempt, or used as an alcohol replacement (ethanol). The majority of ethylene glycol poisonings are brought on by antifreeze consumption.
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Hydrazine (N₂H4), a rocket fuel, reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen gas and water vapor. The reaction is represented with the equation:
N₂H4(1) + O₂(g) → N₂(g) + 2H₂O(g)
How many grams of hydrazine are needed to produce 96.0g water?
Answer: To determine how many grams of hydrazine are needed to produce 96.0 grams of water, we can use the mole ratio between hydrazine and water in the chemical equation.
First, we need to convert the number of grams of water to moles. We can do this using the molar mass of water, which is 18.0 grams/mole:
96.0 g H2O / 18.0 g/mol = 5.33 moles H2O
Next, we can use the mole ratio between hydrazine and water in the chemical equation to determine the number of moles of hydrazine that would be needed to produce 5.33 moles of water:
1 mole N2H4 / 2 moles H2O = 0.5 mole N2H4
Finally, we can use the molar mass of hydrazine (32.0 grams/mole) to convert the number of moles of hydrazine to grams:
0.5 mole N2H4 * 32.0 g/mol = 16.0 grams N2H4
Therefore, 16.0 grams of hydrazine are needed to produce 96.0 grams of water.
Baed on the thermodynamic propertie provided for water, determine the energy change when the temperature of 0. 250 kg of water decreaed from 121 °C to 51. 5 °C
Based on the thermodynamic properties provided for water, the energy change when the temperature of 0.650 kg of water decreased from 101 °c to 51.0 °c is 1,609.66 kJ
What are thermodynamic properties of water?
Thermal characteristics of water include its density, freezing point, boiling point, latent heat of evaporation, melting point, and critical temperature, among others.
Here we calculate the boiling point of water is 100°C. So at 101°C, the water is steam. The specific heat first from 101 to 100 calculated as
E = mCΔT, where c for steam is 1.996 kJ/kg·°C
E₁ = (0.65 kg)(1.996 kJ/kg·°C)(101 - 100°C) = 1.2974 kJ
The latent heat when steam turns to liquid. The heat of vaporization of water is 2260 kJ/kg.
E₂ = mHvap = (0.65 kg)(2260 kJ/kg) = 1469 kJ
Thus solving the energy to bring down the temperature to 51°C. The specific heat of liquid water is 4.187 kJ/kg·°C.
E₃ = (0.65 kg)(4.187 kJ/kg·°C)(100 - 51°C) = 139.36 kJ
Total energy = 1.2974 kJ+1469 kJ+139.36 kJ = 1,609.66 kJ
Therefore , the energy change when the temperature of 0.650 kg of water decreased from 101 °c to 51.0 °c is 1,609.66 kJ
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what did schrodinger discover that bohr did not understand
Answer: Erwin Schrödinger showed that the quantization of the hydrogen atom's energy levels that appeared in Niels Bohr's atomic model could be calculated from the Schrödinger equation,
Explanation:
If I place 1.92 moles of N2 and 2.69 moles of 02 in a 60.41 L container at a temperature of 25.83 C, what will the partial pressure (in kPa) of the nitrogen in thi resulting mixture be? Use the gas constant: 8.314 L kPa/mol K
The partial pressure of nitrogen in the resulting mixture, given 1.92 moles of N₂ and 2.69 moles of O₂ in a 60.41 L container is 78.96 KPa
How do I determine the partial pressure of nitrogen?The folloing data were obatined from the question:
Mole of N₂ = 1.92 molesMole of O₂ = 2.69 molesVolume (V) = 60.41 LTemperature (T) = 25.83 °C = 25.83 + 273 = 298.83 KGas constant (R) = 8.314 L.KPa/Kmol Partial pressure of N₂ (P) = ?From the above, we can obtain the partial pressure of nitrogen as illustrated below:
PV = nRT
60.41 × P = 1.92 × 8.314 × 298.83
Divide both sides by 60.41
P = (1.92 × 8.314 × 298.83) / 60.41
P = 78.96 KPa
Thus, we can conclude that the partial pressure of nitrogen is 78.96 KPa
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Calculate the mass of 0.5mol of sodium chloride, NaCl. GIVIN 50 POINTS AND BRAINLY
Answer:
29.22 g NaCl
Explanation:
0.5 mol NaCl x (58.44 g NaCl / 1 mol NaCl)
= 29.22 g NaCl
a 0.77-mg sample of nitrogen reacts with chlorine to form 6.61 mg of the chloride. determine the empirical formula of nitrogen chloride
The empirical formula of nitrogen chloride is NCl₃ (NCl3)
m of nitrogen = 0.77mg
m of nitrogen chloride = 6.61mg
so the m of chlorine will be
m of chlorine = m of nitrogen chloride - m of nitrogen
m of chlorine = 6.61 - 0.77
=5.84mg
so the number of moles can be found as
n = [tex]\frac{mass}{molar mass}[/tex]
number of moles of chlorine can be found as follows;
n = 5.84× 10⁻³ / 35.45 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]
n = 1.65 × 10⁻⁴
number of moles of nitrogen can be found as;
n = 0.77 × 10⁻³ / 14.01 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]
n = 5.5 × 10⁻⁵ mol
Empirical formula can be found as;
moles of Cl : moles of N
1.65 × 10⁻⁴ : 5.5 × 10⁻⁵
Now divide the ratio with the smallest number which is 5.5 × 10⁻⁵ and we get the following ratios.
3 mol of Cl :1 mol of N
3 : 1
So the empirical formula of nitrogen chloride will e NCl3
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A pyrotechnician mixes 280 g of black powder for a firework. Find the amount of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide generated when this firework bursts, if the oxidizing agent in the powder is saltpeter.
The mass of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide generated from the reaction of black powder and saltpeter is:
The mass of SO₂ produced is 56.0 g SO2 The mass of CO₂ produced is 154 g CO₂The total mass of O₂ produced is 140 gWhat is the equation of the reaction of black powder and saltpeter?The percentage by mass of the constituents of black powder is as follows:
KNO₃ = 75%
S = 10%
C = 15%
The mass of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide generated is calculated from the given percentages by mass as follows:
For SO₂; 1 mole S produces 1 mole SO₂:
mass of SO₂ = 280 g * 0.10 / 32.g S * 1 mol SO2 / 1 mol S) * 64.0 g
mass of SO₂ = 56.0 g SO2
mass of O₂ that reacted with S to produce SO₂ will be:
1 mole O₂ reacts with 1 mole S
mass of O₂ = 56.0 / 64 * 32.0
mass of O₂ = 28.0 g O₂
For CO₂; 1 mole C produces 1 mole CO₂
mass of CO₂ produced = 280 g * 0.15 / 12.g/mol x * 44.0 g/mol)
mass of CO₂ produced = 154 g CO₂
mass of O₂ that reacted with C to produce CO₂ will be:
1 mole O₂ reacts with 1 mole C
mass of O₂ = 154 / 44 * 32.0
mass of O₂ that reacted with C = 112.0 g O₂
The total mass of O₂ produced = 112 + 28
The total mass of O₂ produced = 140 g
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A farmer chooses two fields and then changes only one thing between them. She changes how she plows her fields. One field will be tilled and one will not. Everything else will be the same on both fields: the type of crop she grows, the amount of water and fertilizer that she uses, and the slope of the fields she plants on. The fields should be facing the same direction to get about the same amount of sunlight. What is the independent variable?
In this scenario, the independent variable is the method of plowing the fields. This is the variable that the farmer is intentionally changing between the two fields, while all other variables are being held constant.
The independent variable is the factor that the researcher or experimenter manipulates in order to study its effect on the dependent variable. In this case, the dependent variable would be the outcome of the experiment, such as the yield of the crops or the health of the plants. By changing only one variable (the method of plowing) and keeping all other variables the same, the farmer can more accurately determine the effect of the plowing on the dependent variable.
Is the U.S. Constitution a living document that adapts to the times or does it mean today exactly what it meant when it was written? Explain how your case/person changed history for all Americans or did it just help a specific group?
The U.S. Constitution is referred to as a living document that adapts to the times or present situations.
What is Constitution?This is referred to as the basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or social group that determine the powers and duties of the government thereby preventing anarchy due to varying degrees of lawlessness.
The U.S. Constitution is also referred to as a living document because it adapts to the times due to the different amendments which are made to it as time goes on by officials such as lawmakers and is therefore the treason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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What is the formula of the ionic compound nickel (III) chloride?
NiCl₃ is the formula of the ionic compound nickel(III) chloride
We know the valency of the Nickel (Ni) is +3 and the valency of Chlorine (Cl) is -1. Now for being a compound it needs to be neutral.
So, we have to take 3 molecules of Chlorine to neutralise the charge of one molecule of Nickel, which means the formula will be NiCl₃.
So, the equation of formation will be [tex]Ni+3Cl \rightarrow NiCl_3[/tex]
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Specific heat is used to explain why different substances what?
Specific heat is used to explain why different substances changes the temperature at different rate.
What is temperature?Temperature is a physical quantity which is expressed as quantitatively the perceptions of the coldness and hotness. Temperature is measured with a thermometer.
What is specific heat?It is defined as the amount of heat which is used to require to increase the temperature by 1°C.
The SI unit thorough which it is measured is J/ g/ °C.
Let's take an example of specific heat of water which is 4.184J/ g/ °C.
If the specific heat capacity of any substance is observes to be high, it will take more time for heating or cooling. If the specific heat capacity of any substance is observes to be high, it will take more time for heating or cooling.Therefore, specific heat is used to explain why different substances changes the temperature at different rate.
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what is the total molar concentration of all the ions in 0.0100 m solutions of the following salts in water?
The total molar concentration of all ions in 0.0100 M solutions:
a. 0.0100 M KCl = 0.0200 M ions
b. 0.0100 M [tex]CuSO_{4}[/tex] = 0.0200 M ions
c. 0.0100 M [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] = 0.0300 ions
How to determine the total molar concentration of all ions in salts in water?When [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] аnd KCl аre dissolved in the sаme solution, the [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] ions аre common to both sаlts. In а system contаining [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] аnd KCl, the [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] ions аre common ions.
KCl ⇔ [tex]K^{+}[/tex] + [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex][tex]CuSO_{4}[/tex] ⇔ [tex]Cu^{+}[/tex] + [tex]SO_{4} ^{-}[/tex][tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] ⇔ [tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex] + 2 [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex]Now, the total molar concentration is
KCl = 0.0100 + 0.0100
KCl = 0.0200 M ions
[tex]CuSO_{4}[/tex] = 0.0100 + 0.0100
[tex]CuSO_{4}[/tex] = 0.0200 M ions
[tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] = 0.0100 + 2 (0.01.00)
[tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] = 0.0300 M ions
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