what are the two components of a solution

Answer:

chlorine

Explanation:

Answer: D: sun

Explanation:

Answer: mass of water is 81.1 g

Explanation: from reaction eguation you see there are equal amounts of water and Mg(OH)2. Then amount of water is 4.50 mol. Molar mass of water is 18.016 g/mol.

Mass m= n·M= 4.50 mol· 18.016 g/mol = 81.1 g

The number of grams of water reacting to form a mass of water is 81.1 g.

Mass is the quantity of matter in a physical body.

The given reaction is

MgO(s) + H₂O(1) → Mg(OH)₂(s)

The number of moles is equal in both sides

The moles of water is 4.50

The molar mass of water is 18.016 g/mol

mass × molar mass

4.50 × 18.016 = 81.1 g.

Thus, the number of grams of water reacting to make a mass of water is 81.1 g.

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When Br2(l) boils at its normal boiling point, its entropy increases. Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system, and boiling represents a transition from a more ordered liquid phase to a more disordered gaseous phase.

During boiling, the intermolecular forces holding the liquid Br2 molecules together are overcome, and the molecules gain enough energy to escape into the gas phase. In the gaseous phase, the molecules have greater freedom of movement and occupy a larger volume compared to the liquid phase. This increase in molecular motion and expansion of volume contributes to an increase in the disorder or randomness of the system, leading to an increase in entropy. The concept of entropy can also be understood from a statistical perspective. In the liquid phase, the molecules are more closely packed and have limited freedom of movement. However, in the gaseous phase, the molecules are dispersed and have a larger number of possible positions and velocities. This increased number of microstates in the gaseous phase corresponds to a higher probability distribution, which is a characteristic of higher entropy.

Therefore, when Br2(l) boils at its normal boiling point, its entropy increases as the system transitions from a more ordered liquid phase to a more disordered gaseous phase.

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By performing the necessary calculations for each case, we can determine the pH values for (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) in the titration of HClO with KOH.

(a) Before the addition of any KOH, the solution contains only HClO. To calculate the pH, we need to consider the ionization of HClO. HClO is a weak acid, and its ionization can be determined using its ionization constant. By using the ionization constant and the initial concentration of HClO, we can calculate the concentration of H+ ions and convert it to pH.

(b) After adding 25.0 mL of KOH, a neutralization reaction occurs between HClO and KOH. The moles of HClO and KOH are now equal, and the solution contains the resulting salt. We can determine the concentration of OH- ions based on the amount of KOH added and calculate the pOH. From pOH, we can obtain the pH by subtracting it from 14.

(c) After adding 35.0 mL of KOH, the solution is still in excess of HClO. We need to determine the remaining moles of HClO and the resulting concentration of H+ ions to calculate the pH.

(d) After adding 50.0 mL of KOH, the moles of HClO and KOH become equal. The solution contains only the salt resulting from the neutralization reaction. We can calculate the concentration of OH- ions and convert it to pOH and then pH.

(e) After adding 60.0 mL of KOH, the solution is in excess of KOH. We need to determine the excess moles of KOH and calculate the concentration of OH- ions to obtain the pOH and pH.

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The reactions are expected to occur spontaneously in the forward direction;  Fe²⁺ + Cu²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + Cu, Zn + Pb²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Pb, Cl₂ + 2Na → 2NaCl, and Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂. Option A, B, D, and E are correct.

To determine which of the redox reactions are expected to occur spontaneously in forward direction, we will compare the standard reduction potentials of the involved species.

Fe²⁺ + Cu²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + Cu

For this reaction, the reduction potential of Fe²⁺ (-0.44 V) is lower than that of Cu²⁺ (+0.34 V). Therefore, the reaction will be expected to occur spontaneously in the forward direction.

Zn + Pb²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Pb

The reduction potential of Zn (-0.76 V) is lower than that of Pb²⁺ (-0.13 V). Therefore, the reaction will be expected to occur spontaneously in the forward direction.

Ag⁺ + Na → Ag + Na⁺

The reduction potential of Ag⁺ (+0.80 V) is higher than that of Na (approximately -2.71 V). Therefore, the reaction is not expected to occur spontaneously in the forward direction.

Cl₂ + 2Na → 2NaCl

The reduction potential of Cl₂ (+1.36 V) is higher than that of Na (approximately -2.71 V). Therefore, the reaction is expected to occur spontaneously in the forward direction.

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

The reduction potential of Mg (-2.37 V) is lower than that of H⁺ (0 V). Therefore, the reaction is expected to occur spontaneously in the forward direction.

Based on the comparison of reduction potentials, the following reactions are expected to occur spontaneously in the forward direction;

Fe²⁺ + Cu²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + Cu

Zn + Pb²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Pb

Cl₂ + 2Na → 2NaCl

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

Hence, A. B. D. E. is the correct option.

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Answer:

50 kJ

Explanation:

Activation energy is between the energy of reactants and the peak of the curve.

200 kJ - 150 kJ = 50 kJ

The correct answer is 50kJ

Hence 50KJ is activation energy

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Han purple and Han blue are artificial barium copper silicate pigments that were created in China and utilized in ancient and imperial China beginning in the Western Zhou dynasty. They are also known as Chinese purple and Chinese blue. Chemists understand Chinese purple. The correct option is A.

Chemists create new, previously undiscovered substances as well as those that are naturally existing. Chemists research the characteristics of both organic and inorganic compounds. With the help of this knowledge, scientists can discover strategies to change certain compounds in order to make them more helpful.

Chemists carry out experiments in labs to analyze substances, create new goods, or enhance ones that already exist. They could focus on one or more fields, such as biochemistry, inorganic chemistry, or organic chemistry.

Thus the correct option is A.

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The pH values at various volumes of acid (HCl) added to the dibasic compound B can be determined based on its pKb values. By calculating the concentration of the species present at each volume, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to find the corresponding pH values. A graph of pH versus the volume of acid added can be plotted using these calculations.

To find the pH at each volume of acid added, we need to consider the dissociation of the dibasic compound B and the resulting concentrations of its species. The pKb1 and pKb2 values indicate the equilibrium constants for the dissociation reactions. Initially, the volume of acid added is 0 mL, and the concentration of B is 0.100 M. At this point, B is fully ionized, and its concentration is 0 M. Therefore, the pH can be determined by calculating the concentration of OH- ions using the pKb2 value.

As acid (HCl) is added, it reacts with the B species. At each volume, the concentration of B, BH+, and BH2+ can be calculated based on the initial concentration and the volume of acid added. By applying the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])), the pH can be determined using the appropriate pKb value for each species. By repeating these calculations for each volume of acid added (1, 5, 9, 10, 11, 15, 19, 20, and 22 mL), the corresponding pH values can be obtained. These pH values can then be plotted against the volume of acid added to create a graph of pH versus Va.

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The molecularity of Step 1: CI(g) + O3(g) ⟶ CIO(g) + O2(g) is bimolecular.What is molecularity?Molecularity refers to the number of reactant particles that are involved in a step in a chemical reaction.

The total number of molecules reacting in an elementary reaction is called its molecularity. For instance, if two atoms combine to create a molecule, the reaction is known as a bimolecular reaction.The proposed mechanism for the decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere is Step 1: CI (g) + O3 (g) ⟶ CIO (g) + O2 (g) Step 2: CIO (g) + O3 (g) ⟶ CI (g) + 2O2 (g)Let's calculate the molecularity of Step 1:We can see that one Cl atom and one O3 molecule combine to produce one CIO molecule and one O2 molecule. The rate law is thus dependent on the concentration of both reactants. Therefore, the molecularity of Step 1 is bimolecular.

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Answer:

Circulatory

Explanation:

The circulatory system consists of the heart, lungs, arteries, veins, coronary, and portal vessels.

Answer:

It works in most daily situations.

Explanation:

:)

Answer:

C. It works in most daily situations.

Explanation:

Edge-nuity 2022

Answer:

1. Compress.

2. Fixed.

3. Melts.

4. Melting point.

5. Freezing point.

6. High.

7. Crystalline.

8. Lattice.

9. Unit cell.

10. Amorphous.

Explanation:

In science, matter can be defined as anything that has mass and occupies space. Any physical object that is found on earth is typically composed of matter. Matter are known to be made up of atoms and as a result has the property of existing in states.

Generally, matter exists in three (3) distinct or classical phases and these are;

1. Gas: it is the state of matter in which the physical substance has no definite shape or volume and as a result fills all available space. Also, gases are easily compressible and can flow. Examples of gases are hydrogen, oxygen, argon, nitrogen etc.

2. Liquid: it is the state of matter in which the physical substance can be poured and it takes the shape of its container. Also, liquids generally have a definite volume. Examples of liquids are urine, water, milk, blood etc.

3. Solid: it is the state of matter in which the physical substance has a definite shape and fixed volume but not compressible. Examples of solids are pen, screwdriver, television, car etc.

Filling the missing words (texts) of the question, we have;

Solids tend to be dense and difficult to compress. They do not flow or take the shape of their containers, like liquids do, because the particles in solids vibrate around fixed points. When a solid is heated until its particles vibrate so rapidly that they are no longer held in fixed positions, the solid melts. The melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. The melting and freezing point of a substance are at the same temperature. In general, ionic solids tend to have relatively high melting points, while molecular solids tend to have relatively low melting points. Most solids are crystalline. The particles are arranged in a pattern known as a crystal lattice. The smallest subunit of a crystal lattice is the unit cell. Some solids lack an ordered internal structure and are called amorphous solids.

Answer:

Li⁺(aq) + 2Br⁻(aq) + Pb²⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq) → PbBr₂(s) + NO₃⁻(aq) + Li⁺(aq)

A precipitate forms

Explanation:

To solve this question we must know the general solubility rules:

All group 1A (Li, Na, K...) and NH₄⁺ ions are always soluble.

The nitrates (NO₃⁻) and acetates are always solubles.

Cl⁻, Br⁻ and I⁻ are soluble except in the presence of Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu⁺ and Hg₂²⁺

That means in the mixture of ions that we have, the Br⁻ will react with Pb²⁺ to produce PbBr₂(s):

Answer:

1.35 moles of CaCO₃

Explanation:

Molarity, it is a sort of concentration that indicates the amount of moles in 1 L of solution.

M = mol /L

This is a simple equation

M = 2.25 M

Our volume is 0.6L

M . L = mol

Then, 2.25 mol/L . 0.6L = 1.35 moles

We need 1.35 moles of CaCO₃

The balanced chemical equation is given as

MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) + 7H₂O(l) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g) + 14H⁺(aq) + 5e⁻

The coefficient of water (H₂O) is 7.

To balance the equation in acidic solution:

MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g)

We can balance the atoms one by one:

Balance the atoms other than oxygen and hydrogen:

MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g)

Balance oxygen atoms by adding H₂O:

MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) + 7H₂O(l) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g)

Balance hydrogen atoms by adding H⁺ ions:

MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) + 7H₂O(l) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g) + 14H⁺(aq)

Balance the charge by adding electrons (e⁻):

MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) + 7H₂O(l) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g) + 14H⁺(aq) + 5e⁻

Now the equation is balanced. The coefficient of water (H₂O) is 7.

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Answer:

I'm not sure if this is true but in science class I learned that stress can cause a risk of diseases

Explanation:

the more months of stress you have, the higher the risk

Answer:

2

Explanation:

i dont andesdant

The experimental volume of the flask is found  to be incorrect as the  volume labeled on the flask is not an accurate measure of the total volume of the flask as it will result in errors.

Errors in chemical analysis result when there is a difference between observed value and the true value.If the magnitude of errors is large , it results in decrease in accuracy, reproducibility, and precision.

There are three types of errors:1) random error 2) systematic error 3) human error.The cause of random errors are difficult to quantify while the human errors can be minimized by taking a range of readings to reduce the error.

Errors while measuring boiling point may be human errors while noting down the boiling temperature or instrumental or systematic error if there is a fault in the thermometer.

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Answer:

a. Indivisible.

b. Mass.

c. Masses.

d. Compound.

e. Elements.

Explanation:

An atom can be defined as the smallest unit comprising of matter that forms all chemical elements. Thus, atoms are basically the building blocks of matters and as such defines the structure of a chemical element.

Generally, these atoms are typically made up of three distinct particles and these are protons, neutrons and electrons.

Hence, all the physical properties of a mineral result from the mineral's internal arrangement of atoms.

The following are statements postulated by the Dalton's atomic model;

a) Elements are composed of minute, indivisible particles called atoms.

b) Atoms of the same element are alike in mass and size.

c) Atoms of different elements have different masses and sizes.

d) Chemical compound are formed by the union of two or more different atoms of different elements.

e) Atoms combine to form compounds in simple numerical ratios, such as one to one, one to two, etc.

f) Atoms of two elements may combine in different ratios to form more than one compound.

Reactants in the reaction are [tex]H_2O_2[/tex](aq),[tex]I^-[/tex](aq); Products are[tex]IO^-[/tex](aq), [tex]H_2O[/tex](l), [tex]O_2[/tex](g); Intermediate are [tex]IO^-[/tex]aq); and catalysts are None.

The first step of the mechanism is the rate-determining step. In this step, a hydrogen atom from hydrogen peroxide is transferred to an iodine ion, forming an intermediate called iodosyl ion. The iodosyl ion is then unstable and decomposes to form oxygen gas and another iodine ion.

The overall reaction is:

[tex]H_2O_2(aq) + I^-(aq) - > IO^-(aq) + H_2O(l) + O_2(g)[/tex]

The reactants are hydrogen peroxide and iodine ion. The products are iodosyl ion, water, and oxygen gas. The intermediate is iodosyl ion. There is no catalyst in this mechanism.

The rate-determining step is the slowest step in the mechanism. This is the step that determines the overall rate of the reaction. In this case, the rate-determining step is the step in which the hydrogen atom is transferred from hydrogen peroxide to iodine ion.

The intermediate is a chemical species that is formed in one step of the mechanism and is consumed in another step. In this case, the intermediate is iodosyl ion. It is formed in the first step of the mechanism and is consumed in the second step.

The catalyst is a chemical species that speeds up the rate of a reaction but is not consumed in the reaction. There is no catalyst in this mechanism.

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The equilibrium constant for the reaction D ⇌ A + 2B is approximately 0.3038.

The equilibrium constant, K, for the reaction D ⇌ A + 2B is calculated from the equilibrium constants of the individual reactions and from the principle of multiplying and dividing equilibrium constants.

Given the reactions and their equilibrium constants:

A + 2B ⇌ 2C with K1 = 2.45

2C ⇌ D with K2 = 0.124

To obtain the equilibrium constant for the desired reaction, we can multiply the equilibrium constants of the individual reactions:

K = K1 * K2

K = 2.45 * 0.124

K = 0.3038

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Answer:

(a)  The unit cell edge length 0.421 nm

Explanation:

Lets calculate -:

Given -

density = [tex]3.58g/cm^3[/tex]

Molecular weight of MgO = 24.31 +16

                                           [tex]40.13 g/mole[/tex]

Avagadro number = [tex]6.022\times10^2^3[/tex]

In rock salt structure , there are four anions and four cations , hence Z=4 (Number of formula per unit cell)

Now, using the formula -

                     [tex]d=\frac{ZM}{N_Aa^3}[/tex]

               [tex]a=[\frac{ZM}{N_Ad}]]^\frac{1}{3}[/tex]

Now, putting the given values

   [tex]a=\frac{4\times40.13g/mole}{6.022\times10^2^3\times(3.58g/cm^3)}[/tex]

  [tex]4.21\times10^-^8 cm[/tex]

  = 0.421 nm

Hence , the unit cell edge length = 0.421 nm

The unit cell edge length of magnesium oxide (MgO) is equal to 0.421 nanometer.

Given the following data:

Scientific data:

To determine the unit cell edge length:

Mathematically, the unit cell edge length for a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure is given by the formula:

[tex]a=\sqrt[3]{\frac{ZM}{\rho N_A} }[/tex]

Where:

Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;

[tex]a=\sqrt[3]{\frac{4 \; \times \;40.31}{3.58\; \times \;6.02 \times 10^{23}} }\\\\a=\sqrt[3]{\frac{161.24}{2.16 \times 10^{24}}}\\\\a=\sqrt[3]{7.47 \times 10^{-23}} \\\\a=4.21 \times 10^{-8}\;meter[/tex]

Note: [tex]1 \;nanometer = 1 \times 10^{-9} \;meter[/tex]

a = 0.421 nanometer.

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Answer: Basic

Explanation:

A solution with a pH of more than 7 is considered basic.

Answer:

Acids: react with metals, taste sour

Both: can cause burns, conduct electricity

Basis: react with nonmetals, taste bitter

Explanation:

This is the right answer

Answer:

Acids: react with metals, taste sour

Both: can cause burns, conduct electricity

Basis: react with nonmetals, taste bitter

it's right, I did it.