Psychrophiles (<15 °C), mesophiles (20–45 °C), thermophiles (45–80 °C) and hyperthermophiles (>85 °C).
According to the range of temperatures at which they can grow, microbes can be loosely categorized. At the temperature where the organism can grow at its fastest rates. Its minimal growth temperature is the lowest temperature at which the organism can endure and reproduce. Its maximal growth temperature is the highest temperature at which growth is possible. The acceptable growth temperature ranges listed below are simply estimates and may change depending on other environmental conditions.Mesophiles, or "middle-loving," organisms are acclimated to moderate temperatures, with ideal growth temperatures falling between room temperature (about 20 °C) and 45 °C. Psychrotrophic organisms, also referred to as psychrotolerant organisms, favor cooler settings, ranging from a high temperature of 25 °C to refrigeration. Extreme psychrophiles are the creatures recovered from northern lakes like Lake Whillans (cold loving). Microorganisms known as psychrophiles can grow at temperatures as low as 0 °C and have an ideal growth temperature of
temperatures about 4 °C, and typically cannot survive at temps beyond 20 °C.
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all visceral organs receive dual innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ans.
The statement is false.
Most organs are innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, but some organs, including the adrenal medulla, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands, and most blood vessels, receive only sympathetic nerves.
The heart and lungs have dual innervation. The action of the vagus nerve on cardiac pacemaker cells slightly affects the pace and force of contraction of the heart muscle. this is a parasympathetic role.
The abdominal and pelvic organs receive motor innervation from autonomic nerves derived from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Sensory nerves originating from the same visceral structures also travel along sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers. The thermoregulatory response to elevated heat is mediated by disruption of the sympathetic nervous system. Most disorders of the autonomic nervous system reflect abnormal smooth muscle control.
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state whether each of the following components is present in dna only, rna only, or both dna and rna: a. deoxyribose b. guanosine monophosphate c. uracil d. ump
a) Deoxyribose is shown to be a DNA-specific component.
b) Guanosine monophosphate is shown to exclusively be a part of RNA.
c) It is established that uracil is a substance found solely in RNA.
d) RNA is found to have UMP as a component.
A chemical called deoxyribose is only present in DNA. It's one among the structural components of the nucleotide. DNA The components of a nucleotide are a deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group. A nitrogen base called uracil is unique to RNA. In RNA, uracil and adenine are base pairs. The RNA nucleotide uridine monophosphate () is made up of a nitrogen base, a five-carbon ribose sugar unit, and a phosphate group.
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Which process do ALL living things do? *
Ophotosynthesis
O cellular respiration
O ventilation
O absorb sunlight
Omake glucose
Photosynthesis -is a process in which plants use to make their food by the help of sunlight
Cellular respiration- means the break down of simple sugars into CO2 and H2O and release energy in the form of ATP . so it takes place in all living things ,in plants and also in animals.
ventilation -means breathing in other word so every living thing doesn't live without breathing .
Absorb sunlight - it is done by plants to make their own food.
Make glucose-plants and animals both use glucose as their main source of energy. The main source of glucose in animals include the diet and process of gluconeogenesis and the primary source in a plants is the process of photosynthesis .
So,cellular respiration , ventilation and make glucose is done by all living things
when looking at the biology of weight, the point is partly determined by the amount of fat stored in the body.
The amount of body fat stores have a role in the set point when considering the biology of weight.
is calculated to get a weight-to-height ratio by dividing weight by height.A person's BMI is determined by dividing their height in meters squared by their weight in kilograms (BMI = kg/m2). A helpful indicator of obesity and body fat percentage is BMI. The normal BMI ranges for children and adults are different.
What are the self determination theory's three fundamental organismic needs?According to self-determination theory, human development is driven by the three essential psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
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Part C
in a separate location, take notes from the sources you have identified. This might take place over two or mo
notes will provide the details for your presentation. While taking notes, consider using these reading strategi
your notes, select one piece of evidence supporting or opposing the idea that natural gas is a clean energy so
in the space provided.
Answer:
When making notes about sources in an academic paper, you must show the origin and effectiveness of that source.
We can arrive at this answer because:
A research source is an academic material that has been consulted to provide information for other academic work.In addition, these sources must provide evidence and data that proves that how information conveyed in academic work is correct.In this case, when evaluating the use of a source, you should look at the origin of that source and whether it is efficient, that is, whether it can support academic work.
You have not provided enough information for your question to be answered specifically. However, I hope the above information can help you.
Explanation:
to excite or inhibit an action potential in a receiving neuron, a neurotransmitter must cross the
To excite or inhibit an action potential in a receiving neuron, a neurotransmitter must cross the synaptic cleft.
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, it triggers the release of neurotransmitter molecules into the synapse. These neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, activating or inhibiting the postsynaptic neuron's ability to generate an action potential. The process of transmitting an action potential from one neuron to another across a synapse is called neurotransmission. It plays a crucial role in the communication between neurons and is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. In summary, to excite or inhibit an action potential in a receiving neuron, a neurotransmitter must cross the synaptic cleft between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron.
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the function of genes is to control the production of a. amino acids. b. structural proteins. c. all proteins. d. enzymes.
The function of genes is to control the production of all proteins. The process of replication, followed by transcription and translation are responsible for the production of all proteins.
What function do proteins serve in the human body?A few of the crucial biological functions of proteins include: Many proteins operate as catalysts to speed up certain metabolic pathways' chemical processes. Collagen, a structural component of connective tissues, is one of the fibrous proteins that make up the tissues holding the skeletal components together.
How do amino acids work?The fundamental chemical that forms the basis of proteins is an amino acid. Twenty distinct amino acids exist. A protein is made up of one or more polypeptide chains, or chains of amino acids, the sequence of which is encoded by a gene. While the body can synthesis some amino acids, others cannot and must be received from diet.
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Which best explains why a satellite accelerates?
It is always changing direction.
It is constantly slowed by gravity.
It does not have forces acting on it.
It is weightless when it is in orbit.
Classify the following traits as specific to either cells or viruses, or shared by both. Unique to cells: Shared by cells: and viruses Unique to viruses: Answer Bank: can actively respond to environmental stimuli contain genetic material protected by a protein coat can autonomously carry out biological processes contain genetic material capable of undergoing evolution by natural selection contain organelles that are bound by membranes
The traits which are: Unique to cells : can actively respond to environmental stimuli contain genetic material protected by a protein coat can autonomously carry out, shared by cells and viruses:
Contain genetic material capable of undergoing evolution by natural selection contain organelles that are bound by membranes, specific to viruses: contain genetic material capable of undergoing evolution by natural selection contain organelles that are bound by membranes
What are viruses?
A virus is a sub-microscopic infectious entity that can only replicate inside of live cells. All forms of life, including bacteria and archaea, as well as animals and plants, are susceptible to virus infection.
When a host cell is infected, it is frequently required to create thousands of copies of the original virus quickly. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist as independent particles, or virions. These virions are made up of the genetic material, which is long molecules of DNA or RNA that encode the structure of the proteins by which the virus acts; (ii) a protein coat, the capsid, which surrounds and protects the genetic material; and (iii) in some cases, an external envelope of lipids.
Every living organism relies on cells. Furthermore, it is regarded as the smallest unit of life and a fundamental structural, functional, and biological unit.A virus is a small infectious agent that is often referred to as a pathogen due to its non-living nature. However, they attach themselves to cells and rapidly replicate the original virus.To know more about viruses from the given link
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gingival papillae that are enlarged and expand out of the interproximal spaces are described as: group of answer choices a) blunted papilla b) bulbous papilla c) cratered papilla d) soft, spongy tissue
Option B is Correct - bulbous papilla
Papilla bulgous. a papilla that has grown larger and seems to protrude from the interproximal area. Bowed papilla. The interproximal gap is unfilled and papillae are flat. Papilla with cracks.
Inflammation alone can lead to gingival hyperplasia. Plaque accumulation on the teeth from food, bacteria, and poor cleanliness habits frequently results in the irritation. The gums may become red and painful from the inflammation, and bleeding may result.
The gingivae are soft and discolored in chronic inflammatory gingival hypertrophy, which is the most typical type. Scaling and root planning are common periodontal procedures used to treat this condition, which is brought on by tissue edema and infectious cellular infiltration brought on by extended exposure to bacterial plaque.
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mendel postulated that individuals have genetic elements that exist in pairs, which determine a single phenotype. what do we now know these pairs of elements to be?
The paired elements are two alleles of a genes on homologous chromosomes.
The total number of genes passed from parents to kids is known as a genotype. An alternative definition of a genotype is the entire collection of heritable alleles that may be passed from one parent to the next. As a result, the genotype Aa resembles the genotype of the true-breeding line AA. Recessive characteristics have a single genotype, aa, and each of the children will have this genotype as well.The paired elements are two alleles of a genes on homologous chromosomes. A person's observable characteristics, such as height, eye color, & blood type, are referred to as phenotypes. While certain features are mostly influenced by the genetics, others are primarily environmental variables determine.
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How do the photoperiodism and vernalization affect the flowering and dormancy of plants?
The modulation of physiology or development in relation to day duration is known as photoperiodism. Some plant species can only blossom and go into reproductive times of the year due to photoperiodism.
What is photoperiodism ?Plants may adjust to seasonal variations in their surroundings through photoperiodism, which is a reaction to changes in daylength. Although blooming is the most well-studied manifestation of photoperiodism in plants, additional reactions to daylength include bud hibernation and bulb or tubers initiation.
What influences the photoperiodism?Although photoperiodic responses may be adequately anticipated, an organism's response can also vary depending on temperature, food, and other external conditions. Animals' usual migration, reproduction, and coat or plumage changes can be generated out of season by manipulating the length of the day artificially.
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a cross results in three phenotypes. a null hypothesis of recessive epistasis is tested. your calculated chi-square value is 5.4. assuming a p value of 0.05, do you reject the null hypothesis?
If the test result is statistically significant (P 0.05), the test hypothesis is unreliable or needs to be rejected.
What does P (0.05) mean in chi-square?
According to the ASA panel, the P value is "the probability that, given a certain statistical model, a statistical summary of the data (for example, the sample mean difference between the two compared groups) would be equal to or more extreme than its observed value."
P > 0.05 implies that the null hypothesis is likely to be true.
One less than the P value represents the probability that the alternative hypothesis is true.
The test hypothesis must be rejected if the test result is inaccurate or statistically significant (P 0.05).
No effect was detected if the P value was higher than 0.05.
We presumptively reject the null hypothesis until we have enough information to conclude otherwise. There are just two results that can arise from a hypothesis test. When p-value is less than or equal to significance level, the null hypothesis is rejected. The alternative hypothesis is supported by evidence.
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an anthropologist finds a fossil in africa that appeared less than 100,000 years ago. to which species could the specimen belong?homo neanderthalensishomo habilishomo erectushomo sapiens
Anthropologists discover many fossils from various species of human-like ancestors in Africa. The fossil that is less than 100,000 years old could, potentially, belong to Homo neanderthalensis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, or Homo sapiens.
Homo neanderthalensis is the best candidate for the fossil in question. This species is believed to have lived in Europe and the Middle East from about 400,000 to 40,000 years ago. It is possible that some individuals migrated to Africa and survived until recently. Homo neanderthalensis was short and stocky, but otherwise similar to Homo sapiens in anatomy.
Homo habilis is another possibility. This species is believed to have evolved in Africa between 2.8 million and 1.5 million years ago. It had a smaller brain than Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens, and a less advanced tool-making culture.
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Answer:D is correct
Explanation:
A microcope ha three objective len 4x 10x and 40x. The objective on a microcope that will magnify an object 40x i?
Students in grades 1-8 will often purchase a monocular compound microscope with three objective lenses: 4x, 10x, and 40x for a total magnification of 400x.
A high-power objective lens paired with a 10x eyepiece yields a total magnification of 400x, providing you with a remarkably detailed image of the specimen in the slide.
A microscope typically has three or four objective lenses. They usually invariably include powers of 4x, 10x, 40x, and 100x. When used in conjunction with a 10x (common) eyepiece lens, the overall magnification is 40x (4x times 10x), 100x, 400x, and 1000x.
Because 40 x 10 = 400, the total magnification of this microscope using the 40x lens would be 400 times.
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true or false: the light independent reactions are also known as the dark reactions because they can only happen in the absence of light.
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Why do you think it is important for bear to be different
Analysis:
Bears are important links in food webs and help maintain populations of deer and other prey species through predation. At one time, bears were widespread across the United States. However, threats such as habitat loss and unregulated hunting greatly reduced the areas where they can be found.
Although the bear safety rhyme “If it's brown, lay down. If it's black, fight back. If it's white, goodnight” sounds like good advice, you have to know why a bear is attacking you before you can decide the best way to respond. It mainly describe each type of bear to maintain the ecosystem.
Bears are one of the most intelligent land animals in North America. They have the largest and most complex brains compared to other land mammals their size and they rely on this brain for a number of behaviors. Bears are among the most beloved wild animals.
Bear Symbol represents strength, family, vitality courage and health. The bear is thoughtful and independent, with little need for fellowship. The bear is also self-contained and strong-willed in nature.
For example:
1/ The extinction of the grizzly bears would leave a significant impact on an ecosystem. We know that grizzle bears feed on herbivores species. So, if there are no grizzly bears, the number of herbivores species will increase and as a result number of plant species will decrease since herbivores depend on plants.
2/ When attacking humans, black bears will rear up on their hind legs and knock victims over with their paws. They then make one or two bites on an arm or leg and finish with a snap to the head, this being the most dangerous part of the attack.
Amazing Facts About the Bear
Bears are extraordinarily intelligent animals. ...
Bears grieve deeply for others. ...
Bears have excellent senses of smell, sight and hearing. ...
Some species of Asiatic bear build nests in the trees. ...
Bears care deeply about family members.
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if a plant that is heterozygous for all three characters was allowed to selffertilize, what proportion of the offspring would be expected to be phenotypically axial, dwarf, and wrinkled?
If a plant that is heterozygous for all three characters was allowed to self-fertilize, phenotypic ratio of 3:1 as well as genotypic ratio of 1:2:1.
A recessive gene will produce two heterozygous monohybrid crosses. A pattern a 3:1 phenotypic ratio results from crossing two parent plants that seem to be both heterozygous in the same trait.
The likelihood that an offspring will exhibit the dominant trait when two heterozygotes can be crossed would be 75%, or 0.75. A recessive trait's likelihood of appearing in a progeny is 25%, or 0.25. 50 fish with homozygous dominance.
There exists only single degree of freedom because the anticipated frequencies for each of the three genotypes were automatically determined.
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Which feature do scientists mainly consider when grouping organisms according to evolutionary classification?
Organisms can be ordered by quite a few measures, including by and large likenesses, colors, ecological functions, and so forth.
The diversity of living organisms on earth is genuinely surprising, practically overpowering. Humans have concocted approaches to arranging, or grouping, biological diversity all through human history. Organisms can be ordered by quite a few standards, including generally speaking likenesses, colors, ecological functions, and so on. Notwithstanding, it is by and large concurred that the most valuable way for researchers to coordinate biological diversity is to bunch organisms as per shared evolutionary history. This way the gathering not just outcomes in a coordinated order, it additionally contains and passes on information about how we might interpret the evolutionary history of these gatherings.
In spite of the fact that how we might interpret evolutionary relationships among organisms has significantly worked somewhat recently, it is in no way, shape or form total. Relationships among organisms, and gatherings of organisms, keep on being reconsidered as new information opens up.
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Which of the following is a strategy that some middle- and upper-class women have used to balance the demands of work and home? a. demanding that their husbands complete most chores b. doing more of certain chores c. hiring other women to do domestic work d. demanding the abolition of housework
Hiring other women to do domestic work is a strategy that some middle- and upper-class women have used to balance the demands of work and home.
Although women's work increases middle-class salaries, it also puts a strain on family time that needs to be alleviated.In recent decades, middle-class incomes have only slightly increased, and the majority of those increases are due to more women finding employment and receiving greater wages. However, with the majority of women now working, that source of income growth is dwindling. Women's labour force participation has increased since the last recession, although overall growth seems to have stagnated.
Whatever gains in middle-class earnings we have seen may completely disappear in the absence of new policies and practises that involve greater sharing of the costs of unpaid work in the house, more assistance for time-constrained working families, and higher pay for both men and women. That's why they hire other women for household work.
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TRUE/FALSE. the 9:3:3:1 ratio exhibited in the f2 generation of a dihybrid cross is a genotypic ratio.
This statement is FALSE that the 9:3:3:1 ratio exhibited in the f2 generation of a dihybrid cross is a genotypic ratio.
A dihybrid crosses two characteristics. One allele for each attribute displays total dominance since both parents are heterozygous. This indicates that although the phenotype is dominant, both parents carry recessive alleles. The dihybrid cross's anticipated phenotypic ratio is 9: 3: 3: 1.
All plants in the F1 generation are heterozygous yellow round (YyrRr). When this plant is self-pollinated, nine yellow round plants, three yellow wrinkled plants, three green round plants, and one green wrinkled plant are produced in the F2 generation. Dihybrid phenotypic ratio 9:3:3:1 refers to this. This Mendel is referred to as the "Law of Independent Amount."
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FILL IN THE BLANK. the best point estimate of the population variance sigmasquared is the _____________.
The sample variance, s-squared, provides the most accurate point estimate of the population variance, sigma squared.
Sample variance is used to calculate the variability in a particular sample. A sample is a group of observations drawn from a population that can serve as a representative sample of the full population. Calculating the sample variance in proportion to the data set mean. Alternatively known as the estimated variance.
There are two formulas available to compute the sample variance because data can be clustered or ungrouped. Taking the sample variance's square root yields the sample standard deviation as well. In this post, we will delve into greater detail about sample variance, its computations, and numerous examples.
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diuretics work to lower blood pressure by a. promoting vasodilation. b. decreasing blood volume. c. increasing sodium retention.
Diuretics work to lower blood pressure by b. decreasing blood volume.
Diuretics increase water flow out of the body. They do so by decreasing the sodium reabsorption. For the purpose, they also interact with Renin-Angiotensin system in the body, which is concerned with salt and water concentration in the body. The increase in sodium increases the solute concentration on outer side. To balance the solute and solvent concentration, water moves out. The water is removed that decreases the plasma volume.
Now, this water and salt can be excreted this achieving the intended function. The application of these medications is in the medical conditions hypertension, heart failure and edema.
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how does the metabolism occurring in chloroplasts differ from that of mitochondria?
Carbohydrates are produced by mitochondria, and chloroplasts absorb energy from sunlight to produce ATP as well as the reducing power required to synthesize carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O.
What distinguishes the chloroplast from the mitochondria?The thylakoid membrane is the main structural and functional distinction between chloroplasts and mitochondria. This membrane plays a crucial role in the transport of electrons and the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP in chloroplasts, where it replaces the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What is the chloroplast's metabolic process?Within developed chloroplasts, photosynthesis—the primary energy conversion process for plant metabolism—takes place. Along with producing certain hormones, chloroplasts are also the location of other metabolic processes involving amino acids, lipids, starch, and sulfur.
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Around what does Earth revolve?
The earth revolves around the sun
The functions of bone include all of the following except:
A. structural support.
B. hematopoiesis.
C. mineral storage.
D. organ protection.
E. all of these are functions of bone.
The functions of bone include all of the following except all of these are functions of bone.
Bone, also known as osseous tissue, is really a hard, dense connective tissue which makes up the majority of the adult skeleton, the body's support structure. Cartilage, a semi-rigid type of connective tissue, provides the flexibility and fine surface for movement in areas of the skeleton in which bones meet (for example, this same ribcage and joints).
Ones body's skeletal system serves as a support structure. It shapes the body, allows movement, produces blood cells, protects organs, and stores minerals. The musculoskeletal system is another name for the skeletal system. Teeth are a component of the skeletal system as well. Because bones are strong, they can protect the body's delicate organs.
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students are comparing the functions of carbohydrates and lipids. which cellular function would be shared between carbohydrates and lipids?
Which cellular function of carbohydrates and lipids should be placed in the shared section of
the Venn diagram?
a. Hormone prodation
b. Structural support of cell walls
c. Energy storage
d. Catalyst for chemical reactions
Option C, Energy storage is the biological function that lipids and carbohydrates would both share.
Since the links between the monomers that make up carbohydrates and lipids are lengthy chains, both contain a significant amount of energy stored inside them. Lipids and carbs are both used by the body to store energy. Breaking the monomer chains that make up lipids and carbohydrates releases energy in the form of ATP, which the cell uses to carry out its essential tasks. As a result, while being distinct macromolecules, lipids and carbohydrates both serve the same cellular function: energy storage.
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In a bee colony1) Few adult workers, brood pattern is spotty, drone brood or drone adults are not necessarily present2) Few adult workers, brood few and irregular, multiple eggs in cells, lots of adult drones, brood limited to drone brood3) Lots of adult workers, lots of capped brood, lots of young larvae, lots of eggs, no queen cells4) Lots of adult workers, lots of capped brood, lots of young larvae, few or no eggs, queen cells present and at various stages of development5) Moderate number of adult workers, moderate amount of capped brood, no young larvae, no eggs, ripe queen cells present, multiple queen cells present with tips opened6) Moderate number of adult workers, moderate amount of capped brood, no young larvae, no eggs, opened queen cells present, some queen cells present opened at the sides7) Moderate number of adult workers, moderate amount of capped brood, moderate number of eggs and young larvae, 2-3 queen cells of similar age8) Moderate number of adult workers, lots of eggs and young larvae, no capped brood
Solitary bees live and nurture their young on their own. Without the assistance of another bee, each female bee constructs and protects her own nest, lays her own eggs, and harvests nectar and pollen for her brood.
1) This circumstance indicates that the colony lacks a queen and has laying workers. If the colony is left without a queen for an extended length of time, it may develop laying workers since worker bees are females with ovaries and the ability to lay eggs. They will, however, be able to lay only infertilized eggs.
2) This state of bees in honey bees indicates that the queen is generating inbred progeny for a variety of causes. Perhaps the queen is a weak queen, meaning she did not mate properly or was unable to produce a large number of eggs, or she was forced to mate with their brothers due to low bee density. Worjer bees detect inbred eggs and expel them from the hive after the queens oviposit them, resulting in a splotchy brood pattern.
3) This scenario occurs when the colony is a fresh swarm that is rapidly growing. The existence of adult workers and a large number of capped brood suggests that the queen was present at some stage.
4) There are many adult workers present in a bee colony, as well as many capped broods and queen cells at various developmental stages, indicating that the colony has swarmed to a new home, with the old queen abandoning the previous hive as the new queen will soon emerge from the queen cells.
5) This signifies that the colony has swarmed and may swarm again once the new queen develops. Moderate mature workers and capped brood with numerous queen cells indicate that one group of bees swarmed to create a new hive with its old queen and that the next group will swarm soon after the new queen is hatched.
6) This signifies that the colony will swarm again soon and is prepared to swarm once the queen is fully matured for mating and egg laying after mating.
7) This circumstance indicates that the bee colony has surpassed its queen. When the present queen is not doing well in the hive, the female worker bees develop a new queen to supersede or take the old queen's position. As a result, bees create more than one cell in a hive to assure the birth of a healthy queen.
8) This state in a hive indicates that the colony has swarmed and will not swarm again. A hive with a lot of eggs indicates that the colony is swarming and will continue to swarm if there are too many queen cells. As a result of the swarming of colonies, there are no capped broods.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. in rho-dependent transcription termination, the rho factor binds to ___________.
It binds to ribosome-free mRna
Why might the cricket genome have eleven times as many base pairs as that of drosophila melanogaster?
There must be more non-coding DNA in crickets. They include the genetic code for an enzyme that builds DNA from an RNA template.
The information molecule is DNA. It offers the information necessary to create proteins, another class of significant molecule. Your cells each have 46 significant genetic structures dispersed throughout these instructions. Genes are the many tiny DNA fragments that make up these chromosomes.
Today, DNA serves three unique purposes: genetic, immunological, and functional, each of which relies in a different way on the letters and the sugar-phosphate backbone and is significantly different from the others. In contemporary cells, ribonucleotide reductases disassemble ribonucleotides di- or tri to create DNA precursors.
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