In German, adjective endings change depending on the gender, case, and number of the noun they describe. There are various patterns, but here are some general rules and examples:
Definite articles (der/die/das) and pronouns (er/sie/es) in the nominative case:
- Masculine: der groß~~e~~_e_ Hund (_der_ is the definite article, groß is the adjective, -e is the ending)
- Feminine: die groß~~e~~_e_ Katze
- Neuter: das groß~~e~~_e_ Haus
- Plural: die groß~~e~~_en_ Häuser (_-en_ is the plural ending)
Indefinite article (ein/eine) and kein- in the nominative case:
- Masculine: ein groß~~er~~_er_ Hund (_ein_ is the indefinite article, groß is the adjective, -er is the ending)
- Feminine: eine groß~~e~~_e_ Katze
- Neuter: ein groß~~es~~_es_ Haus
- Plural: keine groß~~en~~_en_ Häuser (_kein_ is the indefinite article "none" but changes endings like a ein/eine option)
In the accusative case:
- Masculine: Ich sehe den groß~~en~~_en_ Hund. (_den_ is the definite article, groß is the adjective, -en is the ending)
- Feminine: Ich sehe die groß~~e~~_e_ Katze.
- Neuter: Ich sehe das groß~~e~~_e_ Haus.
- Plural: Ich sehe die groß~~en~~_en_ Häuser.
In the dative case:
- Masculine: Ich gebe dem groß~~en~~_en_ Hund das Futter. (_dem_ is the definite article, groß is the adjective, -en is the ending)
- Feminine: Ich gebe der groß~~e~~_en_ Katze das Futter.
- Neuter: Ich gebe dem groß~~en~~_en_ Haus das Dach (_"-en" is shortened most of the time in this case into "n" but still applies strong endings rule_).
- Plural: Ich gebe den groß~~en~~_en_ Häusern das Dach.
In the genitive case:
- Masculine: Ich gebe dem groß~~en~~_en_ Hund _des Nachbarn_ Knochen. (_dem_ is the definite article, groß is the adjective, -en is the ending, Nachbarn is in genitive case_)
- Feminine: Ich gebe der groß~~en~~_en_ Katze _der Nachbarin_ Futter.
- Neuter: Ich gebe dem groß~~en~~_en_ Haus _des Nachbars_ Dach. (_"-en" is shortened again_)
- Plural: Ich gebe den groß~~en~~_en_ Häusern _der Nachbarn_ Dächer. ( "-en" stays and "-n" is added as part of the strong n-declension rule for plural nouns on genitive case)
Note that there are many exceptions to these rules, and regional variations. These are just general guidelines for German adjectives' different endings.