Homologous structures are the Structures from creatures with a common ancestry. Homologous structures are modified differently to perform various tasks in various organisms.
Give an explanation of homologous structures and a sample.Animals with homologous structures have basic body parts that are structurally identical but serve distinct functions. For instance, the basic elements of a human arm, a bat wing, and a horse's front leg are all identical but have entirely distinct purposes. In reality, it is necessary for homologous structures to share a common ancestor.A homologous structure is defined as .Structures from creatures with a common ancestry are known as homologous structures. The similarity of their anatomical characteristics can be used to support theories about how they evolved.To know more about homologous structures visit:-
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What does the principle quantum number tell you?
What is the symbol we use for it?
What are shells?
Compare the energy in the 4th shell to that of the 3rd shell.
1) The energy level of the electron
2) The symbol is n
3) The shells correspond to the energy levels
4) The 4th shell has more energy than the 3rd shell
What is the quantum number?We know that the term quantum number has to do with the position of the electron in the atom. According to the Bohr model of the atom, the electrons that are found in the atom are said to have a specific energy and the electron can move from a lower to a higher energy level by the absorption of energy.
Given the fact that the principal quantum number can also be designated as energy levels or shells, we know that all the electrons that can be found in the atom are said to be classified into certain specific principal quantum levels.
Thus, when we have electrons in an atom, the most basic quantum number is the principal quantum number.
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How many grams of nano3 will dissolve in 100g of water at 20 C?
Nano3, or sodium nitrate, is a highly soluble compound, 22.5 g of nano3 will dissolve in 100 g of water at 20° C.
How to calculate grams?At 20° C the solubility of NaNO3 is 74 g/100 g
Thus, 74 g of NaNO3 will dissolve in 100g of water.
What is solubility? The amount of a substance that will dissolve in the most amount possible in a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature is known as its solubility. Varied compounds have significantly different solubilities. Solubility is a distinctive attribute of a particular solute-solvent pair.The substance is more soluble in water the more polar it is. The high water solubility of BTEX chemicals contributes to their frequent occurrence in groundwater.Common examples of solutions include adding sugar cubes to a cup of tea or coffee. Solubility refers to the quality that makes sugar molecules more easily dissolved.For more information on solubility kindly visit to
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HCl + NaOH 2. Write the balanced chemical reaction for reaction 3. Be sure to include the states of matter and correct formulas. If applicable (ie: if you classified it as a precipitation reaction) include the net ionic equation as well. CH₃Cool & Noot 1. Write the balanced chemical reaction for reaction 1. Be sure to include the states of matter and correct formulas. If applicable (ie: if you classified it as a precipitation reaction) include the net ionic equation as well. Write the balanced chemical reaction for reaction 5. Be sure to include the states of matter and correct formulas. If applicable (ie: if you classified it as a precipitation reaction) include the net ionic equation as well. + Naz po + Fecla 3. Write the balanced chemical reaction for reaction 5. Be sure to include the states of matter and correct formulas. If applicable (ie: if you classified it as a precipitation reaction) include the net ionic equation as well. Naz pa + Fecha 4. Write the balanced chemical reaction for reaction 7. Be sure to include the states of matter and correct formulas. If applicable (ie: if you classified it as a precipitation reaction) include the net ionic equation as well. (NH4)2CO₃ + Cucla
The balanced chemical equation is HCl + NaOH2 ----> NaCl2 + H2O. This is double displacement reaction.
Chemical formulas and symbols used in chemical equations are used to represent chemical reactions symbolically. The reactant entities are supplied on the left, and the product entities are given on the right, with a plus sign separating the entities in both the reactants and the products, and an arrow pointing in the direction of the products to show the direction of the reaction. Chemical equations can be either mixed, structural, or both. Coefficients are displayed next to the symbols and formulas of the various entities, together with the absolute values of the stoichiometric numbers. A chemical equation is made up of a list of reactants (the chemicals used to start the reaction) on the left, an arrow symbol, and a list of products (the substances created during the reaction) on the right. Each substance is described by its chemical formula, which may be followed by a stoichiometric coefficient, a numerical value. The coefficient describes the number of molecular entities (such as molecules) of that chemical that are engaged in the process. If not stated specifically, the coefficient is + sign separates two or more substances on any side of the equation from one another.
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Is cornstarch a physical or chemical property?
The reaction between cornstarch and water comes under physical change this is because at the end of the reaction cornstarch remains as cornstarch.
There is no formation of any new substance but rather there is a web like arrangement between the cornstarch and the water molecules.
The combination of cornstarch and water results in the formation of a suspension having non-Newtonian properties.
This is comparable to quicksand. When hot water is added to the to cornstarch causes it stars to denature, resulting in a more gelatinous solid.
Cornstarch is typically composed of 27% amylose and 73% amylopectin.
During the reaction the size and viscosity of the cornstarch molecules increases.
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When 42 grams of potassium chloride KCl is dissolved in 100 grams of water at 50 ºC the solution can be correctly described as?
The solution can be correctly described as saturated solution.
What is saturated solution?
The chemical solution with the highest amount of a solute dissolved in the solvent is known as a saturated solution.
As clearly observed from the solubility diagram, the maximum amount (approx. 42 g) of KCl can be dissolve in 100g of water at 50°C. No more KCl will be dissolve in water at this temperature.
Saturated solution is a kind of solution that contains the maximum amount of solute being dissolve in solvent at a particular temperature.
Therefore, the solution can be correctly described as saturated solution.
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What Is The Conjugate Base Of HBrO? (Hypobromous Acid) A. H+ B. H2BrO2 C. BrO- D. H2BrO+
The conjugate base of HBrO is BrO⁻.
In ionic equilibrium, we have a concept of conjugate base and conjugate acid.
According to bronsted lowry's acid and bases concept acid is defined as a substance that can donate a proton, and the base is defined as a substance that can accept a proton.
The base formed from acid is known as the conjugate base of the acid. Similarly, the acid formed from a particular base is called the conjugate acid of the base.
To form conjugate acid of HBrO, remove the hydrogen atom from HBrO.
Hence, the conjugate base of HBrO is BrO⁻.
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Nucleotide
Phosphate
Hydrogen Bond
Deoxyribose
Nucleotide identifies the part of the DNA segment labeled as X in the given image.
What is Nucleotides?Nucleotides are organic compounds composed of phosphate and a nucleoside and are nitrogen containing base.
They function as monomeric units of the deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid polymers, which are both crucial macromolecules for all kinds of life on Earth.They consists of nitrogen containing base such as :adenine guanine thymineand cytosine in DNA RNA:RNA is often single-stranded, unlike DNA. Instead of the deoxyribose present in DNA, the backbone of an RNA molecule is made up of alternating phosphate groups and the sugar ribose.
They similarly Consists of the following in RNA :
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What is the formula for Mononitrogen tetrafluoride ?
Answer:
NF[tex]_{4}[/tex]
Explanation:
Mononitrogen tetrafluoride is a simple inorganic compound consisting of a single nitrogen atom bonded to four fluorine atoms. The formula for mononitrogen tetrafluoride is therefore simply NF4.
John is doing a barbecue. He is using coal as fuel as he is cooking beef burgers.
Describe two chemical reactions that must happen in John's barbeque
Answer:
smoke
Explanation:
cause he must put a flame fire on the coal to heat the barbecue
The chemical reactions that must happen in John's barbeque the heat from your grill, frying pan, or toaster breaks down the proteins in your meal into amino acids in a process known as the Maillard Reaction. These amino acids then combine with the carbohydrates in the food to form this delicious brown mass.
What is Maillard Reaction ?The chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars known as the Maillard process is what gives browned food its characteristic flavor. Foods that experience this reaction include grilled steaks, fried dumplings, cookies and other biscuits, breads, and toasted marshmallows.
By rearranging amino acids and particular simple sugars, which subsequently arrange themselves in rings and groups of rings that reflect light in such a way as to give the meat a brown color, the Maillard reaction specifically forms brown pigments in cooked meat.
Transformations of energy can be quite beneficial. For instance, when natural gas undergoes a chemical transformation in a furnace or grill. The gas' chemical energy is converted into heat energy, which cooks our food or keeps us warm.
Thus, the heat from your grill, frying pan, or toaster breaks down the proteins in your meal into amino acids in a process known as the Maillard Reaction.
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What is the molarity of a solution containing 7.78 gram of urea in 203 gram of water?
The solution by dividing the number of moles of urea by the volume of the solution 0.637 M.
What is molarity?Molarity is a unit used to measure the concentration of a solution. It is defined as the number of moles of a solute per liter of a solution.
The molarity of a solution can be calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the volume of the solution. In this case, the solute is urea (NH2CONH2) and the volume of the solution is 203 grams of water.
To calculate the molarity of the solution, we first need to calculate the number of moles of urea present in the solution. This can be done by using the formula:
Moles of urea = (mass of urea (g))/(molecular weight of urea (g/mol))
Therefore, the number of moles of urea present in the solution is:
Moles of urea = (7.78 g)/(60.06 g/mol) = 0.129 moles
Now, we can calculate the molarity of the solution by dividing the number of moles of urea by the volume of the solution (in liters):
Molarity = (0.129 moles)/(0.203 liters) = 0.637 M
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what is the final pressure in the bottle for a monatomic gas, for which cv,m = 3r/2?
The final pressure in the bottle for a monatomic gas is 1.20*10^3 Pa.
Given that,
lnitial temperature T = 328 K
Pressure P = 1.606 *10^5 Pa
After the gas expands adiabatically,
P' = 1.203 * 10^5 Pa
Temperature = T'
[tex]P^{f} = P' * (P'/P)^{1-gamma/gamma} \\P^{f} = P^{1/gamma}* P^{gamma-1/gamma}\\[/tex]
For monatomic gas (CV, m = 3R/2 , gamma = 5/3),
[tex]P^{f} = (1.203*10^5)^{3/5}*(1.606*10^5)^{(5/3-1)/5/3} \\ = 1117.27 * 116.59\\ = 1.30 * 105 Pa[/tex]
Part B:
For diatomic gas ( CV, m = 5R/2 , gamma = 7/5)
[tex]P^{f} = (1.203*10^5)^{5/7}*(1.606*10^5)^{(7/5-1)/7/5} \\P^{f} = 1.20*10^{3}Pa[/tex]
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The compound cobalt(II) nitrate, Co(NO3)2 is soluble in water. Write the net ionic equation for the dissociation reaction that occurs when solid cobalt(II) nitrate dissolves in water: specify states such as (aq) or (s).
The compound cobalt(II) nitrate, Co(NO3)2 is soluble in water. The net ionic equation for the dissociation reaction is Co(NO3)2 (s) = CO2+(aq) + Na3(aq) + PO4-(l).
In general, during the dissociation process in chemistry, molecules (or ionic compounds like salts, or complexes) separate or divide into different entities like atoms, ions, or radicals. This procedure is typically reversible. For instance, the covalent bond between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom is broken when an acid dissolves in water due to heterolytic fission, in a reaction which releases a proton (H+) and a negative ion. Dissociation is the antithesis of connection or recombination. Separation of the anions and cations occurs when salts are dissociated by solvation in a solution, such as water. The solvent can be evaporated in order to recover the salt. A substance that has free ions and can be employed as an electrically conducting medium is referred to as an electrolyte. In a weak electrolyte, the majority of the solute does not dissolve, whereas in a strong electrolyte, a higher proportion of the solute dissociates to generate free ions. A weak electrolyte is a material whose solute primarily occurs in solution as molecules (which are referred to as being "undissociated"), with a very tiny amount existing in solution as ions.
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If sodium (na) has 4 neutrons, 3 protons, and 2 electrons, which would be the correct ion symbol? responses.
If sodium has 4 neutrons, 3 protons, and 2 electrons, the correct symbol for the ion is: Na⁺.
How to determine the symbol of sodium ion?To write the symbol for sodium ion, we need to examine the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons it has. Generally, a neutral atom has the same number of protons and electrons. It also has the same number of neutrons and protons. This sodium has 3 protons and 2 electrons. Therefore, this ion needs 1 more electron to reach neutrality. Hence, the total charge for the ion is +1 and the correct symbol is Na⁺.
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What are 3 uses of oxygen?
Answer: The main applications of oxygen in order of importance are: 1) melting, refining and manufacture of steel and other metals; 2) manufacture of chemicals by controlled oxidation; 3) rocket propulsion; 4) medical and biological life support; 5) mining, production and manufacture of stone and glass products.
Explanation:
What is safe freezer temperature?
0 ° F is considered as a safe freezer temperature. Most germs are not killed by freezing, although it does halt them from multiplying.
What is safe freezer temperature?A freezer should generally be kept as close to 0°F as you can, with the exception of when you're adding a lot of fresh, warmer food. A flash freeze feature is available on some freezers, which lowers the freezer's temperatures for 24 hours to prevent freezer burn from temperature changes. For a few hours, you can choose to manually lower the freezer's temperature, but don't forget to adjust it back. Maintaining your freezer at a temperature that is too low may increase your energy costs and will result in food losing moisture and flavor. A freezer with a lot of ice buildup is a solid sign that the temperature is too low.For more information on freezer temperature kindly visit to
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Arrange the oxoacids of bromine according to strength. Strongest acid 0 L00 Weakest acid 100 Answer Bank 100 about us careers privacy policy terms of use contact us help
The strength of oxoacids increases as the number of oxygen atoms increases. Therefore, the strongest one is HBrO₄ >HBrO₃> HBrO₂> HBrO.
What is oxoacids?Oxoacids are inorganic acids containing oxygen atoms. Group 15 elements such as phosphorus, groups 16 elements such as sulfur, and halogens forms oxoacids.
The strength of oxoacids depends on the number of oxygen atoms and possible resonating structures. The more the number of possible resonating structures the more will be the strength.
Therefore, the order strength of the oxoacids of Br is as follows:HBrO₄ >HBrO₃> HBrO₂> HBrO.
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Your question is incomplete. But your complete question is as follows:
Arrange the oxoacids of bromine according to strength. HBrO, HBrO2, HBrO3, HBrO4.
What is 2 examples of a function?
y = 2x + 1
y = 3x – 1
these two are the example of functions.
Functions
A function is defined as a relation between a set of inputs having one output each. In simple words, a function is a relationship between inputs where each input is related to exactly one output.
Every function has a domain and codomain or range. A function is generally denoted by f(x) where x is the input. The general representation of a function is y = f(x).
An example of a simple function is f(x) = x2. In this function, the function f(x) takes the value of “x” and then squares it. For instance, if x = 3, then f(3) = 9.
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What type of chemical bond is cornstarch?
Starch is a complex carbohydrate that is a polymer of sugar molecules. The sugars in starch have OH bonds that can interact and stick together through a process known as hydrogen bonding.
A hydrogen bond is an electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen atom covalently bound to a more electronegative "donor" atom or group and another electronegative atom bearing a lone pair of electrons—the hydrogen bond acceptor—in chemistry.
Hydrogen bonding is not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom, but rather a type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules. The attractive force between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom such as an N, O, or F atom and another very electronegative atom causes it. Because hydrogen bonds have the strongest permanent molecular dipoles of any covalent bond, they have the strongest intermolecular forces for covalent compounds.
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Which statement is TRUE about elements in group 16?
They need 6 electrons to complete their octet.
They have 2 valence electrons.
The have an oxidation number of 2+
They have an oxidation number of 2-
Six electrons occupy the outermost shell in the electron configurations of the elements in Group 16 of the periodic table, which distinguish them from other elements.
What is true about elements in group 16?Any of the six chemical elements that make up Group 16 (VIa) of the periodic table—oxygen (O), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), polonium (Po), and livermorium—is referred to as an oxygen group element (Lv). Tellurium was given its place by 1865, and polonium was discovered in 1898. The first three members of the group were connected as early as 1829, with tellurium being allocated its position. Livermorium, the sixth member of Group 16, was produced in a particle accelerator by Russian and American researchers in 2000.After hydrogen, helium, and neon, oxygen is estimated to make up about 4 percent of all atoms in the universe. However, as hydrogen atoms make up the majority of the remaining atoms and helium makes up the majority of the remaining atoms, the significance of this ranking is negligible.To Learn more About periodic table, refer To:
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Identify the sugars in amygdalin. Select all that apply. Sucrose Glucose Fructose Ribose Identify the glycosidic linkage that connects the sugars. 1, 5' 1.3' 1.4' 1.6'
Amygdalin is a carbohydrate which contains sugar glucose and glycoscidic linkage that connects the sugars is 1.5'.
What is a carbohydrate?A carbohydrate is defined as a bio-molecule which consists of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen atoms which are usually in the ratio of 2:1 with the empirical formula C[tex]_n[/tex](H₂O)[tex]_n[/tex].
This term is most commonly used in biochemistry as a synonym of saccharide which is a group of sugars, starch and cellulose.
They perform various functions in living organisms. They serve as an energy source and as well as structural components . They are a key component in providing nutrition and are found in wide variety of natural as well as processed foods.
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What is the first step of an enzymatic reaction?
The first step of an enzymatic reaction is, substrate molecule (S) collide with enzyme(E) and react to form an intermediate compound called the enzyme-substrate (E–S) complex.
Enzymatic catalysis of a reaction between two substrates. The enzyme provides a template on which the two substrates are brought together in the correct position and orientation to react with each other. Enzyme-catalyzed reactions take place in at least two steps.
In the first step, an enzyme molecule (E) and a substrate molecule or molecules (S) collide and react to form an intermediate called an enzyme-substrate (E–S) complex. (This step is reversible, as the complex can dissociate into the original substrate or substrates and the free enzyme.) Once the E–S complex is formed, the enzyme is able to catalyze the formation of the product (P), which is then released from the enzyme surface:
S+E→E–S
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Because a few alpha particles bounced back from the foil, Rutherford concluded that they were
a. striking electrons.
b. repelled by densely packed regions of positive charge.
c. magnetic.
A few alpha particles bounced back from the foil, Rutherford concluded that they were repelled by densely packed regions of positive charge. So the option b is correct.
Rutherford's experiment on scattering of α-particles showed for the first time that the atom has nucleus. He observed that the positively charged α-particles were repelled and deflected by the positive charges in the atom. Rutherford's named this positively charged portion of atom as nucleus.
As alpha particle is also positively charged and we know that same charges repel each other so a few alpha particles bounced back from the foil, Rutherford concluded that they were repelled by densely packed regions of positive charge.
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48 moles of NaOH to grams of N2?
2NBr3 + 3NaOH = N2 + 3 NaBr + 3HOBr
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, a mass of 448 grams of N₂ is formed when 48 moles of NaOH reacts.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
2 NBr₃ + 3 NaOH → N₂ + 3 NaBr + 3 HOBr
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
NBr₃: 2 molesNaOH: 3 molesN₂: 1 moleNaBr: 3 molesHOBr: 3 molesThe molar mass of the compounds is:
NBr₃: 253.7 g/moleNaOH: 40 g/moleN₂: 28 g/moleNaBr: 102.9 g/moleHOBr: 96.9 g/moleThen, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:
NBr₃: 2 moles ×253.7 g/mole= 507.4 gramsNaOH: 3 moles ×40 g/mole= 120 gramsN₂: 1 mole ×28 g/mole= 28 gramsNaBr: 3 moles ×102.9 g/mole= 308.7 gramsHOBr: 3 moles ×96.9 g/mole= 290.7 gramsMass of N₂ formedThe following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 3 moles of NaOH form 28 grams of N₂, 48 moles of NaOH form how much mass of N₂?
mass of N₂= (48 moles of NaOH× 28 grams of N₂)÷ 3 moles of NaOH
mass of N₂= 448 grams
Finally, 448 grams of N₂ is formed.
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If 0.1 M NaOH solution was used in this titration, which statement correctly explains point B on the curve?
O This is the equivalence point of the curve.
O 0.003 mol of OH ions are present in the flask at this point.
O 0.0005 is the number of excess moles of OH ions at this point.
O 0.0005 is the number of moles of H* ions present at this point.
Answer:
The correct statement is: O This is the equivalence point of the curve.
Explanation:
The equivalence point is the point in a titration where the number of moles of acid added is equal to the number of moles of base needed to neutralize the acid. At this point, the acid and base react to form water and a salt. The pH at the equivalence point depends on the strength of the acid and base being used and the total volume of the solution. In general, the pH at the equivalence point will be higher for a strong acid-strong base titration than for a weak acid-strong base titration.
Compounds are held together by chemical bonds, can be represented by a chemical
formula,
__(can or cannot) be broken down by a physical process, and are made
up of ___________ or more different elements.
cannot, two
can, two
cannot, one
can, one
Answer:
Cannot, two
Explanation:
The component elements of a compound can only be separated via a chemical reaction that breaks the atomic bonds that bind its molecules. Also, compounds are formed by 2 or more different elements.
Rank the radicals in order of decreasing stability. Most stable Least stable Answer Bank (CH3)2ĊCH2CH3 (CH3)2C=CHCH2 (CH3)2CHCH2CH2 (CH3)2CHCHCH3
(CH3)2ĊCH2CH3, (CH3)2CHCHCH3, (CH3)2CHCH2CH2,(CH3)2C=CHCH2 is the ranking order of the radicals in decreasing stability
In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is a molecule that contains one unpaired electron. Most molecules have an odd number of electrons, and the covalent bonds form bonds that hold the atoms together within a molecule are typically made up of pairs of electrons shared by the atomic nuclei connected by the bond. Radical was first used as an adjective in the 14th century, derived from the Late Latin radicalis, which was derived from the Latin radic-, radix, – this means "root." And the first uses of radical are all about literal roots, with the meaning "of, relating to, or going to proceed from a root." The most well-known free radical, oxygen, serves as the foundation for the formation of the majority of free radicals in the body. Oxygen is a naturally unstable molecule
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Early tables of atomic weights (masses) were generated by measuring the mass of a substance that reacts with 1.00 g of oxygen. Given the following data and taking the atomic mass of hydrogen as 1.00, generate a table of relative atomic masses for oxygen, sodium, and magnesium. How do your values compare with those in the periodic table? How do you account for any differences?
The correct formula of the compounds is: H2O,Na2O, and MgO but I don't know if this would help
in a laboratory experiment, a student found that a 195-ml aqueous solution containing 2.494 g of a compound had an osmotic pressure of 12.2 mmhg at 298 k. the compound was also found to be nonvolatile and a nonelectrolyte. what is the molar mass of this compound?
The compound's mole ratio in a laboratory setup is 3125.12 g/mol, according to the statement.
Water: an electrolyte or not?Water that is completely free of ions is said to be pure. This could conduct electricity as a result. The inclusion of ions in the mixture allows the solution to carry an electric current when other substances, such as ionic compounds, are dissolved in water.
Briefing:Osmotic pressure is given by;
π = C * R * T
∵ 760 mmHg = 1 atm
10.3 mmHg = 1 * 12.2/760 atm
= 0.016 atm
π = no. of moles * R * T/volume (L)
π = Weight (g) * R * T / Molar mass * V (L)
0.016 atm = 2.494 * 0.082 L atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ * 298 K/ M.W * 195 * 10⁻³
M.W = 3125.12 g/mol
Consequently, the compound's molar mass is 3125.12 g/mol.
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what is a consquence of electron pair repulsion around an atom
Answer: Option c
Explanation:
What happens when pyruvate is broken down?
Pyruvate enters mitochondria and then enters the Krebs cycle, where it is broken down into carbon dioxide and water to produce ATP and other byproducts, which then enter the electron transport chain to produce more ATPs.
The citric acid cycle is regulated by calcium ions by activating pyruvate dehydrogenase, the first component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction that produces acetyl-CoA. The cycle converts acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)'s chemical energy into the reducing power of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).
The Krebs cycle, also known as the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) or the Citric acid cycle, is a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that occur in the mitochondrial matrix and involve the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to form carbon dioxide and the reduction of coenzymes to generate ATP in the electron transport chain. The citric acid cycle is the mitochondrial hub for the final stages of carbon skeleton oxidative catabolism for carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids.
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