Use the kinetic-molecular theory to explain each observation given.
a. Wax melts near the flame of a burning candle.
b. Liquid water may be converted into ice cubes in a freezer.
c. Ginger ale flows to match the shape of a glass.
d. Water gradually evaporates from a swimming pool.
e. Water vapor condenses inside house windows on cold days.
f. Snow gradually disappears, even when the tem- perature remains below freezing. g. Solids and liquids cannot be compressed as much as gases.
Answers
a. Wax melts near the flame of a burning candle because the kinetic-molecular theory states that the higher the temperature, the faster the molecules move. Since the flame of a burning candle is hot, the wax molecules move faster, allowing them to take up more space and eventually melt.
What is kinetic-molecular theory?The kinetic-molecular theory is based on the following five fundamental principles:
A gas's average molecular lengths between its constituent molecules are significantly greater than their individual sizes. The volume occupied by the gas' molecules is negligible in comparison to the volume of the gas itself.Both the molecules and the container walls are not attracted to one another in a perfect gas.As physical objects, the molecules move erratically and continually and are governed by Newton's laws of motion. The molecules travel in a straight line until they come into contact with one another or the container walls. Collisions are totally elastic; even if the kinetic energies and orientations of two molecules may change during a collision, the total kinetic energy is preserved. Collision is not "sticky".The average gas molecule's kinetic energy and absolute temperature are directly correlated. Because individual molecules' velocities and kinetic energies will vary greatly, with some even experiencing zero velocities at some moments, the word "average" is significant in this context. This implies that all molecular motion would cease if the temperature dropped to absolute zero.
Continued:b. Due to the fact that the kinetic-molecular theory predicts that molecules move more slowly at lower temperatures, liquid water can be frozen into ice cubes in a freezer. The water molecules travel very slowly and arrange because a freezer is significantly colder than room temperature, which enables them to form ice cubes.
c. All matter is made up of a large number of tiny particles that are always in motion, according to the kinetic-molecular theory. When the ginger ale is poured into the glass, the velocity of the liquid's molecules causes them to spread out and fill the form of the vessel.
d. The kinetic-molecular theory states that the molecules in a liquid are in constant motion, and that when they move, they bump into each other, passing energy from one to the other. This energy causes the particles to move faster. As they move faster, they create turbulence that causes them to break away from the liquid surface. These particles then form a vapor, which is an invisible form of water called water vapor. As these particles accumulate together, they gradually evaporate from the swimming pool, eventually diminishing its water level.
e. Water vapor condenses inside house windows on cold days because the molecules of water vapor slow down and as they lose energy they no longer have enough kinetic energy to remain in the gaseous state. The molecules then condense and form liquid water droplets on cool surfaces such as windows.
f. Snow gradually disappears even when the temperature remains below freezing because the heat stored in the snow starts to melt the snow. This occurs even when the outside temperature remains at freezing or below because the heat is released from the snow and warms the surrounding air.
g. Solids and liquids cannot be compressed as much as gases because the particles of gases have more energy and thus more freedom of movement than particles of solids and liquids. The particles of gases can move around and can occupy larger spaces than particles of solids and liquids, allowing them to be compressed more effectively.
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Related Questions
Using the following equation:
4NH3 +502 --> 4NO + 6H₂O
How many grams of oxygen gas (0₂) are needed to react with 85 grams of ammonia
(NH3)?
Answers
Answer: 199.68 grams of oxygen gas (O2) are needed to react with 85 grams of ammonia (NH3).
Explanation: The equilibrium chemical equation is as follows:
The chemical equation expressed as 4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O is a representation of a chemical reaction that describes the reaction between four molecules of ammonia and five molecules of oxygen to yield four molecules of nitrogen monoxide and six molecules of water.
The stoichiometric analysis indicates that the reaction between oxygen and ammonia necessitates five moles of the former to react with four moles of the latter.
The present ratio can be employed for the computation of the requisite quantity of O2 necessary for the reaction with 85 grams of NH3, in the ensuing manner:
Determine the quantity of moles of NH3.
The molar mass of ammonia (NH3) can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of its constituent elements. The atomic mass of nitrogen (N) is 14.01 g/mol, and the atomic mass of hydrogen (H) is 1.01 g/mol. Therefore, the molar mass of NH3 is determined by adding the atomic mass of N to three times the atomic mass of H. Mathematically, the molar mass of NH3 is expressed as 14.01 g/mol + 3(1.01 g/mol), which yields a value of 17.04 g/mol.
The quantity of NH3 in moles can be determined by dividing the mass of NH3 by its corresponding molar mass, according to the fundamental principle of stoichiometry.
The number of moles of NH3 can be determined as 85 grams divided by the molar mass of NH3, which is 17.04 grams per mole.
The calculated value of the quantity represented by "moles of NH3" has been determined to be 4.99 mol, with insignificance beyond two decimal places due to rounding.
Determine the quantity of moles of O2 necessary.
The number of moles of O2 present is equivalent to five-fourths of the moles of NH3.
The amount of oxygen, represented by the unit of moles, can be mathematically expressed as (5/4) multiplied by 4.99 mol.
The quantity of oxygen, expressed in terms of moles, corresponds to 6.24 mol.
The conversion of moles of O2 to grams can be made by utilizing the molar mass of O2, which is 32 g/mol. This entails multiplying the given number of moles by the molar mass in order to obtain the corresponding mass in grams.
The molar mass of O2 was determined to be 32.00 g/mol, which was derived by multiplying 2 with the molar mass of oxygen, 16.00 g/mol.
The computation of the mass of O2 is achieved by multiplying the number of moles of O2 by the molar mass of O2.
The expression denoting the quantity of molecular oxygen, where mass is represented as a product of 6.24 moles and a molecular weight of 32.00 grams per mole, can be expressed in a manner consistent with academic writing.
The mass of O2 is 199.68 g.
Which statement describes gases
according to kinetic molecular theory?
A. The gas particles have essentially zero volume and no attraction
for one another.
B. The gas particles have a large volume and strong attraction for
one another.
C. The gas particles have a small volume and strong attraction for
one another.
D. The gas particles have a large volume and weak attraction for one
another.
Answers
Answer:A. The gas particles have essentially zero volume and no attraction
for one another.
Explanation:
A phosphoric acid (H3PO4) solution is 14.8 M with a density of 1.71 g/mL.
a) Determine the molality of the solution.
b) Determine the percent by mass of H3PO4 in the solution.
Answers
a) Molarity = 57.0 mol/kg
b) Mass percentage = 84.8%
Explanation:
a) To find the molality, we need to first convert the density of the solution into its mass percent concentration. The mass percent concentration is the mass of the solute divided by the total mass of the solution, expressed as a percentage.
Mass of solution = density x volume
Mass of solution = 1.71 g/mL x 1000 mL = 1710 g
Mass percent concentration of H3PO4 = (mass of H3PO4 / mass of solution) x 100%
We can find the mass of H3PO4 by multiplying its molarity by its molar mass and then converting to grams.
Molar mass of H3PO4 = 3(1.01 g/mol) + 1(30.97 g/mol) + 4(16.00 g/mol) = 98.00 g/mol
Mass of H3PO4 = 14.8 mol/L x 98.00 g/mol = 1450.4 g
Mass percent concentration of H3PO4 = (1450.4 g / 1710 g) x 100% = 84.8%
Now that we have the mass percent concentration, we can use it to find the molality. Molality is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
Mass of solvent = mass of solution - mass of solute
Mass of solvent = 1710 g - 1450.4 g = 259.6 g
Molality = moles of solute / kilograms of solvent
We can find the moles of solute by dividing the mass of solute by its molar mass.
Moles of H3PO4 = 1450.4 g / 98.00 g/mol = 14.80 mol
Molality = 14.80 mol / 0.2596 kg = 57.0 mol/kg
b) The percent by mass of H3PO4 in the solution is 84.8%, as we found in part a).
O Macmillan Learning
What is the IUPAC name for the compound shown?
IUPAC name:
Answers
The compound shown has the IUPAC name O Macmillan Learning. -3-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-hexane Incorrect.
Why was 1 6 dimethylhexane wrong?Explanation and response: Because it implies that there's methyl groups on carbons number one and sixth of the parent carbon chain, the name — appears-dimethylhexane is incorrect. Because the name "hexane" implies that a parent atom chain only has six molecules long, the methyl groups are located at the ends of every molecule.
Is hexane considered an organic chemical?Hexane, commonly referred to as sextane, is an organic compound that belongs to the alkane class. They are acyclic branched as well unbranched hydrocarbons with the standard structure CnH2n+2, and thus entirely composed of hydrogen and saturated oxygen atoms. Hexane is a colorless, clear liquid.
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0.12g of compound "Y" dissolves in 10mlof acetone at 25 degree celsuis and 0.85g of the same compound dissolves in 10ml of boiling acetone. what volume of acetone would be required to purify a 5.0g sample of compound?
Answers
The volume of acetone would be required to purify a 5.0g sample of compound is 58.82ml
Volume calculation.
Let use the solubility data of acetone provided to calculate the volume.
First we will need to calculate the solubility of Y in 25 degree.
Solubility of Y= 0.12g/10ml= 0.012g/ml.
Solubility of y in boiling acetone = 0.85g/10ml =0.085g/ml.
In order to purify y, we need to dissolve the amount of y in the 5.0g sample.
The amount of acetone needed to dissolve y in the sample is
amount acetone= mass of y/ solubility of y in boiling acetone.
amount acetone= 5.0g/0.085g/ml= 58.82ml.
Therefore, the volume of acetone would be required to purify a 5.0g sample of compound is 58.82ml
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Part c moles of base in antacid sample
Mole base In antacid/mass of antacid sample
Average molole base in antacid/mass of antacid sample
Answers
An antacid tablet's CaCO content should be between 25 and 35% by mass.
To completely neutralise 20 ml of HCl solution, 19.85 ml of 0.01 M NaOH solution is required.
How many moles of NaOH are required for neutralisation?It is a neutralisation reaction in which sodium hydroxide, a basic, interacts with to form salt sodium phosphate, which is salt and water. According to the stoichiometric mole ratio, three moles of sodium hydroxide are needed to neutralise one mole of phosphoric acid.
To calculate the amount of moles of acid neutralised by the tablet, subtract the number of moles of acid neutralised in the titration from the starting solution's moles of acid.
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a metal worker used a cutting torch that operated by reacting acetylene gas with oxygen gas, as shown in the unbalanced equation below. balance the following equation for the reaction of acetylene and oxygen, using the smallest whole-number coefficients. (the values are 1,2,3,4,5)
Answers
The balanced equation for the reaction of acetylene (C₂H₂) and oxygen (O₂) is; 2 C₂H₂(g) + 5 O₂(g) → 4 CO₂(g) + 2 H₂O(g) + heat
The coefficients in the balanced equation represent the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants and products in the chemical reaction. In this case, 2 molecules of acetylene (C₂H₂) react with 5 molecules of oxygen (O₂) to produce 4 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and 2 molecules of water (H₂O), along with the release of heat.
The balanced equation shows that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both the sides of the equation, in accordance with the law of conservation of mass.
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Amount of CuO formed when 63.5 g of copper is heated strongly in air is:
Answers
The mass (in grams) of CuO formed when 63.5 g of copper, Cu is heated strongly in air is 79.5 g
How do I determine the mass of CuO formed?First, we shall write the balanced equation for the reaction, This is given below:
2Cu + O₂ -> 2CuO
Now, we shall determine the mass of CuO formed from the reaction. Details below:
Molar mass of Cu = 63.55 g/molMass of Cu from the balanced equation = 2 × 63.55 = 127.1 g Molar mass of CuO = 79.55 g/molMass of CuO from the balanced equation = 2 × 79.55 = 159.1 gFrom the balanced equation above,
127.1 g of Cu reacted to form 159.1 g of CuO
Therefore,
63.5 g of Cu will react to form = (63.5 × 159.1) / 127.1 = 79.5 g of CuO
Thus, the mass of CuO formed is 79.5 g
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If 355 mL of 0.325 M Pb(NO;)2 (molar mass 331.2 g/mol) is added to 255 mL of 0.225 M K,POA, (molar
mass 212.27 g/m), how many grams of Pb, (PO4)2 (molar mass 811.54 g/mol) precipitate will be formed? The
balanced equation is
3 Pb(NO;) (ag) + 2 K,PO, (ag) -> Pb, (POA)2 (S) + 6 KNO; (ag)
0.0385 mol
0.0287 mol
31.2 g
23.3 g
46.6 g
Answers
If 355 mL of 0.325 M Pb(NO)₂ (molar mass 331.2 g/mol) is added to 255 mL of 0.225 M K₃PO₄, (molar mass 212.27 g/m), 2.57 grams of Pb(PO₄)₂ (molar mass 811.54 g/mol) precipitate will be formed.[tex]\frac{355ml * 0.325M}{331.2 g/ml}[/tex]
What is precipitation reaction?The word "precipitation reaction" refers to a "chemical reaction occurring in an aqueous solution where two ionic bonds combine, yielding the formation of an insoluble salt." The insoluble salts produced by precipitation reactions are known as precipitates. The precipitate, a solid type of residue, is formed during precipitation reactions, which are frequently double displacement processes. When two or more solutions with different salt concentrations are combined, these reactions lead to the formation of insoluble salts that precipitate out of the solution.
One of the best examples of a precipitation reaction is the chemical interaction between potassium chloride and silver nitrate, which results in the precipitation of solid silver chloride. The insoluble salt is a result of the precipitation reaction.
The number of grams of Pb(PO4)2 precipitate that is formed can be calculated using the following equation:
Moles Pb(NO₃)₂ x Molar Mass Pb(PO₄)₂ / Moles K₃PO₄ = Grams of Pb(PO₄)₂
So the calculation is:
[tex]\frac{355ml * 0.325M}{331.2 g/ml}[/tex] x [tex]\frac{811.54g/mol}{255ml * 212.27g/mol}[/tex]) = 2.57 g Pb(PO₄)₂
Therefore, 2.57 g of Pb(PO₄)₂will be formed when 355 mL of 0.325 M Pb(NO₃)₂ and 255 mL of 0.225 M K₃PO₄ is mixed.
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2Li + 1Fe(NO3)2 = 1Fe + 2LiNO3
How many moles of iron (II) nitrate would be needed to produce 4 moles of lithium nitrate?
Answers
Total, 2 moles of iron (II) nitrate would be needed to produce a 4 moles of lithium nitrate.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is;
2Li + 1Fe(NO₃)₂ → 1Fe + 2LiNO₃
From this equation, we can see that 2 moles of lithium nitrate are produced for every 1 mole of iron (II) nitrate used.
To determine how many moles of iron (II) nitrate are needed to produce 4 moles of lithium nitrate, we can use the mole ratio from the balanced equation;
moles of LiNO₃ = 4
moles of Fe(NO₃)₂ = (4 mol LiNO₃) x (1 mol Fe(NO₃)₂ / 2 mol LiNO₃)
= 2 mol Fe(NO₃)₂
Therefore, 2 moles of iron (II) nitrate is needed to produce 4 moles of lithium nitrate.
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Aniyah has a special type of paper that can permanently change color, she wonders whether light can cause the paper”s color to change. The table below shows what happens when different types of light hit the paper
Answers
The color of the paper may change as a result of the UV light.
Yes, that is conceivable if the table you are referring to shows that ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause the paper to change colour.
Compared to visible light, UV light is more energetic and has shorter wavelengths. The molecules of the paper may experience a chemical reaction as a result of this high-energy radiation, changing the colour of the paper.
The term "photochemical reaction" or "photochemistry" refers to this process. The molecules of the paper are affected by UV radiation, which can result in chemical reactions that create new compounds with various colours.
For instance, some dyes have chemical connections that are UV-sensitive. These connections may rupture in the presence of UV radiation, changing the dye's colour.
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2Ca+1O2 -> 2CaO
How many grams of calcium is used in this reaction, if 15.0g calcium oxide are produced
Answers
1:1 ratio
0.267… x 40.1 = 10.721…
10.7g
How many lone pairs of electrons are in the ion OH⁻?
0
1
3
6
Answers
There are 1 lone pairs of electrons are in the ion OH⁻
An OH ion has how many lone pairs?Since oxygen creates two bonds, we know that two electrons are required to create those two bonds. There are now just two electron pairs remaining that are not involved in bonding. Oxygen thus contains two lone pairs.
Is there a single pair of electrons in OH?The O and H atoms are connected by a solitary covalent link. The oxygen atom has a net -1 charge, which normally manifests as the whole charge on the OH- ion. On the O atom in the OH- Lewis structure, there exist lone electron pairs.
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How many liters of a 0.200 M sodium cyanide solution would be needed to react with 45.0kg of rocks that contain 2.00% by mass of gold?
Answers
There are 91.84L of a 0.200 M sodium cyanide solution would be needed to react with 45.0kg of rocks that contain 2.00% by mass of gold
Percentage weight by weightThe formula for % w/w is mass of solute /mass of solution*100
Substituting the values in the equation
2%= mass of solute/45000 *100
mass of solute= 2*45000/100
mass of solute = 900 gram
Now, to calculate the volume we use the molarity given
molecular weight of sodium cyanide is 49 g/mol
Molarity= mass of solute/molecular mass *volume
0.2=900/49* volume
volume= 900/49*0.2
volume= 91.84 liter
The mass percentage of a solute in solution is the percent concentration of a substance (solute) in solution when it is stated as 'w/w'. This phrase is frequently used when the solute and solution are weighted.
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Choose the properties that the following element may have based n its location in the periodic table.
Magnesium (Mg):
- dull
- less reactive than sodium
- a gas
Answers
Why: Due to being in the second period, we can say that Mg has two electrons as opposed to one. More electrons generally means less reactive. Because Mg is a metal, dull might not make sense, and it wouldn’t be a gas.
2H2O(l) --> 2H2(g) + O2(g), How many moles of H2O are required to yield 22.4 L of O2 at STP?
Answers
To produce 22.4 L of O2 at STP, we need 2 moles of H2O.
What is Standard temperature and pressure ?Standard temperature and pressure (STP) is a set of reference conditions used in chemistry and physics. It is defined as a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 Kelvin) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere (760 mmHg or 101.3 kPa). At STP, 1 mole of any ideal gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters.
The balanced chemical equation is :
2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g)
From the equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of H2O, 1 mole of O2 is produced.
At STP (standard temperature and pressure), 1 mole of any ideal gas occupies 22.4 L.
Therefore, to produce 22.4 L of O2 at STP, we need 2 moles of H2O.
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Refer to picture for question, all must be answered to be considered for Brainliest!!!
Answers
Li₃PO₄ + 3 Zn(NO₃)₂ → 3 LiNO₃ + Zn₃(PO₄)₂. In this balanced equation, one of the products is Zn₃(PO₄)₂. To ensure that the equation is balanced, we need 3 moles of Zn(NO₃)₂ for every 1 mole of Li₃PO₄.
What is product in any given reaction?In a chemical reaction, a product is a substance that is formed as a result of the chemical reaction. It is the end result of a chemical reaction, and it is produced by the rearrangement of atoms and/or ions of the reactants.
In the given equation, we end up with 1 mole of Zn₃(PO₄)₂ for every 3 moles of Zn₃(PO₄)₂. This means that the molar ratio of Zn₃(PO₄)₂ to Zn₃(PO₄)₂ is 1:3, indicating that we need three times as much Zn₃(PO₄)₂ as Zn₃(PO₄)₂ to balance the equation. Therefore, one of the products, Zn₃(PO₄)₂, must be produced in a smaller quantity than the other product, LiNO₃.
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Why will the results be slow for test on the possible solutions for decreasing the impact of human activities on the ocean shores zones?
A. It will be slow because you will have to wait for control
B. It will be slow because you will have to wait for natural processes to affect each area
C. It will be slow because you will have to wait for more human activity within the area
D.It will be slow because you will have to wait to build sand dunes
Answers
B. It will be slow because you will have to wait for natural processes to affect each area.
What is Ocean?
An ocean is a vast body of saltwater that covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface. Oceans are the largest bodies of water on our planet and are essential for supporting life on Earth. Oceans play a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate, absorbing heat and carbon dioxide, and generating oxygen.
The impact of human activities on ocean shores zones, such as coastal development, pollution, and overfishing, can have long-lasting and sometimes irreversible effects on these ecosystems. Restoring or mitigating the impacts of human activities on ocean shores zones requires time and effort, as natural processes need to take place to restore the affected areas.
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How much heat, in kJ, is required to melt 13.3 g of ice at 0°C in water at 0°C if ΔHfus for water = 6.01 kJ/mol?
Answers
The amount of heat required to melt 13.3 g of ice at 0°C in water at 0°C is approximately 4.43 kJ.
What is Heat?
Heat is a form of energy that is transferred between objects or systems as a result of a temperature difference. It is a form of energy associated with the motion of particles, such as atoms and molecules, within a substance. Heat energy is responsible for changing the temperature of a substance or causing phase transitions, such as melting, boiling, or condensing.
Given:
Mass of ice (m) = 13.3 g
ΔHfus for water = 6.01 kJ/mol
First, we need to convert the mass of ice from grams to moles, using the molar mass of water. The molar mass of water (H2O) is:
2(atomic mass of hydrogen) + atomic mass of oxygen
= 2(1.008 g/mol) + 15.999 g/mol
= 18.015 g/mol
So, moles of ice (n) = mass of ice (m) / molar mass of water
= 13.3 g / 18.015 g/mol
= 0.7386 mol
Now, we can use the formula to calculate the heat required:
Q = m * ΔHfus
= 0.7386 mol * 6.01 kJ/mol
= 4.43 kJ (rounded to two decimal places)
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1c. A car drives 464 km in 4 hours. What is its average speed in kilometers per hour? Please SHOW YOUR WORK and INCLUDE UNITS!
Looking for km/hr
Answers
The car's average speed is 116 kilometers per hour.
The entire distance traveled divided by the total time elapsed is the definition of average speed. It is typically stated in terms of the amount of time or distance per unit, such as meters per second (m/s) or kilometers per hour (km/hr).
Average speed = total distance ÷ total time
In this case, the total distance is 464 km and the total time is 4 hours.
Average speed = 464 km ÷ 4 hours
Average speed = 116 km/hr
Therefore, the car's average speed is 116 kilometers per hour.
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In the chemical reaction below, how many grams of KCN will react with 8.55g of H2SO4?
Answers
In this reaction, 8.55 grammes and 11.34 grammes of KCN will react.KCN's molar mass, 65.12 g/mol, is equal to its molecular mass, or mass of KCN, which is equal to 0.1744 mol.
What best sums up a reaction?Something that occurs in response to another event is called a reaction. A reaction is an procedure where any number of compounds are changed into other substances in science. This occurs when chemical bonds are broken & new ones are formed.
What does the word "reaction" mean in practise?They responded favourably to the news. He expressed disbelief when I first informed him what had transpired. Most attendees at the conference reacted to the announcement with anger or shock. When I initially met him, I didn't believe he was trustworthy.
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When 33.6 g of NO and 26.9 g of O, reacted together, the actual NO, product obtained was 20.2g, What was
the percent yield for the reaction?
2 NO (g) + O2 (g) -> 2 NO2 (g)
Answers
The percent yield for the reaction is 13.1%. it is the weight of the product that was obtained to the theoretical yield as a percentage.
What is revealed by the yield percentage?The percentage yield is the figure computed to represent the discrepancy between the theoretical yield and the actual yield of an experiment. Both the desired products and the by-products are produced when experimenting with various solutions or when preparing chemical solutions.
We must convert the amounts of NO and O2 to moles since 1 mol of NO reacts with 1/2 mol of O2:
moles of NO = 33.6 g / 30.01 g/mol = 1.12 mol
moles of O2 = 26.9 g / 32.00 g/mol = 0.84 mol
Since O2 is limiting, Our calculations will be based on the amount of oxygen present.
moles of NO2 = 0.84 mol O2 × (2 mol NO2 / 1 mol O2) × (2 mol NO / 1 mol NO2)
= 3.36 mol NO2
The molar mass of NO2 is 46.01 g/mol,
the theoretical yield in grams is:
mass of NO2 = 3.36 mol × 46.01 g/mol = 154.34 g
percent yield = (20.2 g / 154.34 g) × 100% = 13.1%
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Device an experiment to study the dependence of rate ov precipitation of sulphur upon the nature of monobasic acid for the reaction between thiosulphate ion and hydrogen ion
Answers
The expected result of the experiment is that the rate of precipitation of sulfur will be faster with hydrogen chloride than with acetic acid.
What is Precipitation?
Precipitation refers to the process in which a substance in a solution comes out of solution and forms a solid. This occurs when the concentration of the substance exceeds its solubility limit in the solution, resulting in the formation of solid particles that settle at the bottom of the solution.
Procedure:
Prepare a series of solutions with different monobasic acids. For example, you can prepare solutions of sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) with different monobasic acids, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3), at a constant concentration and volume.
Place equal volumes of the thiosulphate solution and each monobasic acid solution in separate beakers or test tubes.
Start the timer or stopwatch as soon as the two solutions are mixed. The thiosulphate ions will react with the hydrogen ions from the monobasic acid, resulting in the formation of sulphur precipitate according to the following chemical equation:
S2O3^2- + 2H+ -> H2O + S + SO2
Observe the reaction and record the time taken for the formation of sulphur precipitate in each solution.
Compare the rates of precipitation of sulphur for each monobasic acid solution to study the dependence of the rate on the nature of the monobasic acid. Note any trends or differences in the rates of precipitation among the different acids used.
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When a hydrogen sulfide ion reacts with water, water acts as a Brønsted-Lowry base.
Choose the reaction that describes this.
Answers
Answer:
H₂S(aq) + H₂O(l) → HS⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)
Bronsted-Lowry Theory:
The Bronsted-Lowry Theory defines acids as substances that act as proton donors (proton refers to the H⁺ ion which only consists of a single proton, no electron). Bases are therefore substances that act as proton acceptors. This theory can apply to practically any solvent.
For example, neutralisation of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide:
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l)
The HCl donates an H⁺ to the NaOH, and is thus an acidThe NaOH accepts an H⁺ from the HCl and is thus a baseThe OH₂ breaks off from the Na⁺ to become H₂OThe Cl⁻ and Na⁺ bond to form NaClIn the reaction provided, hydrogen sulfide reacts with water.
H₂S(aq) + H₂O(l) → HS⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)
The H₂O is an base as given, and thus accepts a H⁺ from the H₂SThe H₂S donates a H⁺ to the H₂O, and is thus an acidBy donating its H⁺ ion, H₂S becomes HS⁻By accepting a H⁺ ion, H₂O becomes H₃O (hydronium ion).To learn more about Brønsted-Lowry Theory:
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what does not react with oxygen to give an acidic oxide
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Dilute laboratory bench reagents are generally 6.0 M. What volume of dilute HCI must be used to prepare 500 mL of 0.25 M HCI?
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Answer:
Volume required ≈ 20.8 mL
Dilutions:When a solution is diluted, the total number of moles of solute (n), does not change. Only the total solution volume changes. As n=cV (molarity formula, where n = moles, c = concentration, V = volume), then the value of cV is a constant when diluting solutions. This can be expressed by the ratio:
c₁V₁ = c₂V₂, where subscripts 1 and 2 represent the concentrated and dilute solutions.
To dilute a solution of 6.0 M HCl to 0.25 M with a total volume of 0.500 L, we can use the dilution formula, where initial and final concentrations = 6.0 M and 0.25 M respectively, and final volume = 0.500 L (500 mL).
Hence, 6.0×V₁ = 0.25×0.500 = 0.125
V₁ = 0.125/6.0 = 0.02083 L
Therefore, the volume we require is ≈ 20.8 mL
The volume of a sample of a gas at 0°C is 100 liters. If the volume of the gas is increased to 200 liters at constant pressure, what is the new temperature of the gas, in K?
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The new temperature of a sample of gas initially at 0°C and contains 100L is 546K.
How to calculate temperature?The temperature of a gas can be calculated using the Charles' law equation as follows:
V₁/T₁ = V₂T₂
Where;
V₁ and T₁ = initial volume and temperatureV₂ and T₂ = final volume and temperatureAccording to this question, the volume of a sample of a gas at 0°C is 100 liters. If the volume of the gas is increased to 200 liters at constant pressure, the new temperature is as follows:
100/273 = 200/T₂
200 × 273 = 100T₂
T₂ = 546K
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Consider this unbalanced equation: Na₂Cr₂O7+ HCI → CrCl3 + NaCl + Cl₂ + H₂O
a. If we introduce 12g of HCl into this equation, how many moles of sodium
chloride are produced?
b. If we introduce 2.1 moles of sodium dichromate into this reaction, how many
moles of chromium (III) chloride are produced?
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a. On introducing 12g of HCl, 0.047 moles of sodium chloride are produced and b. On introducing 2.1 moles of sodium dichromate, 4.2 moles of chromium (III) chloride are produced.
How to calculate number of moles of a molecule?Number of moles = Mass of the molecule (in grams) / Molar mass of the molecule (in grams per mole)
a. To solve this problem, we need to balance the chemical equation first:
Na₂Cr₂O7 + 14HCl → 2CrCl₃ + 2NaCl + 7Cl₂ + 7H₂O
The balanced equation shows that for every 14 moles of HCl, 2 moles of NaCl are produced.
So, to find the number of moles of NaCl produced from 12g of HCl, we first need to convert grams to moles using the molar mass of HCl.
Molar mass of HCl = 1.008 + 35.453 = 36.461 g/mol
Number of moles of HCl = mass / molar mass = 12g / 36.461 g/mol = 0.329 mol
Now, we can use the mole ratio from the balanced equation to find the number of moles of NaCl produced:
2 moles NaCl / 14 moles HCl * 0.329 mol HCl = 0.047 moles NaCl
Therefore, 0.047 moles of sodium chloride are produced.
b. Using the balanced equation from part a, we can see that the mole ratio between sodium dichromate and chromium (III) chloride is 1:2.
So, if 2.1 moles of sodium dichromate are introduced, we can find the number of moles of chromium (III) chloride produced by multiplying the number of moles of sodium dichromate by the mole ratio:
2.1 moles Na₂Cr₂O₇ * 2 moles CrCl₃ / 1 mole Na₂Cr₂O₇ = 4.2 moles CrCl₃
Therefore, 4.2 moles of chromium (III) chloride are produced.
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Listen A gas mixture contains O2. N₂, and Ar at partial pressures of 100, 150, and 200 torr, respectively. If CO2 gas is added to the mixture until the total pressure reaches 575 torr, what is the partial pressure of the CO₂? 575 torr 125 torr 450 torr 0.50 M E
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We can start by using Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, which states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas component.
Let PCO2 be the partial pressure of CO2 in the mixture after it is added. Then, we can set up the following equation:
PO2 + PN2 + PAr + PCO2 = Ptotal
Substituting in the given partial pressures and total pressure, we get:
100 torr + 150 torr + 200 torr + PCO2 = 575 torr
Simplifying the equation, we get:
PCO2 = 575 torr - 100 torr - 150 torr - 200 torr
PCO2 = 125 torr
Therefore, the partial pressure of CO2 in the gas mixture is 125 torr. Answer: B) 125 torr.
A new band sensation is playing a concert and recording it for a live album to be released this summer. Select all the statements that are true for when the recorded sound moves through the wave display.
a. The recorded waves are mechanical waves.
b. The recorded waves are electromagnetic waves.
c. The wave display does not change the wave type.
d .The the wave display changes the wave from mechanical wave to an electromagnetic wave.
e. The frequency or amplitude of the waves could change.
f. The frequency or amplitude of the waves will not change.
g. The wave display changes the wave from an electromagnetic wave to a mechanical wave.
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Answer:
a. The recorded waves are mechanical waves.
c. The wave display does not change the wave type.
e. The frequency or amplitude of the waves could change.
These statements are true. Recorded sound waves are mechanical waves, meaning they require a medium to travel through, such as air or water. The wave display is a device that displays the shape, frequency, and amplitude of the sound waves. It does not change the type of wave from mechanical to electromagnetic, or vice versa. The frequency and amplitude of the sound waves could change, depending on the characteristics of the source producing the sound.