The doctrine that is being described in the statement "Under this doctrine even where there is no contract a court might enforce a promise because someone relied on the promise" is the doctrine of detrimental reliance.
The doctrine of detrimental reliance, also known as the doctrine of promissory estoppel, is a legal principle that enforces a promise that was made without any consideration, where a party relied on that promise and suffered some type of harm or detriment as a result.
In other words, if someone makes a promise to another person, and that person relies on that promise to their detriment (for example, by quitting their job or selling their house), the court may enforce that promise even if there was no formal contract between the parties.
The other terms that were provided in the question (quantum theory, restatements, and stare de) are not relevant to the doctrine of detrimental reliance.
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I am Deputy Manager for Legal Affairs and below case study and I need help?
The Netherlands is ranked the sixth in the world in terms of the quality of railroad
Infrastructure. However, in order to prepare for the future, the currently existing
Infrastructure needs a 30% increase in capacity and tremendous changes in the current
Workforce.
ProRail Traffic Control has put together a team to assist in drafting a strategic workforce plan
That will help it achieve its objectives. The team is required to discuss the role of HR in terms
of the way forward, identifying two approaches for the below activities and justifying your
Selection for
1. Recruitment and selection of operation and technical staff,
2. Communication to staff on pending changes and other relevant information re ProRail
Traffic Control Digital Vision Project.
3. Preserving the brand of Dutch Railway Infrastructure- ProRail Traffic Control Digital
Vision to maintain its local and global standing.
Each group member should assume one (1) of the following roles of the Executive Team:
3. Preserving the brand of Dutch Railway Infrastructure- ProRail Traffic Control Digital
Vision to maintain its local and global standing.
In order to preserve the brand of Dutch Railway Infrastructure- Pro Rail Traffic Control Digital Vision to maintain its local and global standing, several approaches can be taken. The role of HR in the company will be crucial in ensuring that the company's brand is upheld.
This can be achieved through several ways such as building a strong employer brand to attract new employees and improving communication with staff to ensure that they are aware of the company's goals and values. One approach to recruitment and selection of operation and technical staff would be to focus on hiring individuals who align with the company's values and culture. This can be achieved by creating a strong employer brand that emphasizes the company's values and mission.
Another approach would be to involve staff in the project by soliciting their feedback and ideas. This will help to create a sense of ownership among staff and ensure that they are invested in the project. The brand of Dutch Railway Infrastructure- Pro Rail Traffic Control Digital Vision can be preserved by ensuring that the company's values and culture are reflected in its operations. This can be achieved by creating a strong employer brand, hiring individuals who align with the company's values and culture, and improving communication with staff.
By doing so, the company will be able to maintain its local and global standing and continue to be ranked among the top railway infrastructures in the world.
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Recruitment and selection of operation and technical staff:
a. Approach 1: Internal Promotion and Development Programs
What is the justification?Justification: Internal promotion and development programs leverage existing employee knowledge and skills, promoting career growth, motivation, and reducing recruitment costs. It ensures continuity and stability within the organization.
b. Approach 2: Targeted External Recruitment and Partnerships
Justification: Targeted external recruitment brings fresh talent, diversity, and specialized skills to meet future infrastructure needs. Partnerships with educational institutions and industry associations expand the candidate pool and foster innovation.
Communication to staff on pending changes and other relevant information:
a. Approach 1: Transparent and Timely Communication Channels
Justification: Transparent communication through meetings, emails, and newsletters reduces uncertainty and builds trust, enabling staff to adapt to the digital vision project.
b. Approach 2: Two-way Feedback Mechanisms
Justification: Two-way feedback mechanisms like surveys and suggestion boxes foster engagement and employee input, improving morale and facilitating change implementation.
Preserving the brand of Dutch Railway Infrastructure - ProRail Traffic Control Digital Vision:
a. Approach 1: Strategic Partnerships and Collaborations
Justification: Strategic partnerships with global railway organizations and technology providers enhance ProRail's reputation and innovation capabilities.
b. Approach 2: Continuous Brand Communication and Promotion
Justification: Continuous brand communication through marketing campaigns and industry events showcases ProRail's achievements, capabilities, and commitment to quality services.
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benefits can be measured directly and assigned a monetary value.
a. true
b. false
The statement "benefits can be measured directly and assigned a monetary value" is true. Let's explore the reasoning behind this statement below.An organization is a separate entity that operates to achieve specific objectives.
Organizations engage in different projects to achieve their objectives, and these projects have different costs and benefits. Project managers can calculate costs in terms of actual expenses incurred. Still, it is not easy to calculate the benefits, which are usually abstract and difficult to measure accurately.In some situations, benefits can be measured directly and assigned a monetary value. Measuring the benefits is known as benefit measurement. Benefit measurement is a method of identifying the benefits a project will produce, forecasting their monetary value, and calculating the return on investment (ROI).In summary, benefits can be measured directly and assigned a monetary value. Benefit measurement is a method of identifying the benefits a project will produce, forecasting their monetary value, and calculating the return on investment (ROI).
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If expected dividends grow at 7% and the appropriate discount
rate is 10%, what is the value of a stock whose last dividend was
$1.10?
Seleccione una:
$50.00
$62.88
$39.23
$19.41
$35.67
$53.50
Given that the expected dividends grow at 7% and the appropriate discount rate is 10% and the last dividend was $1.10. Option (c) is the correct answer.
To find the value of a stock, we will use the constant growth rate formula as PV of stock = Dividend next year / (Discount rate - Growth rate).
Since we have to find the value of the stock whose last dividend was $1.10, the dividend for the next year can be determined using the constant growth model formula.
Div1 = D0 x (1 + g)Where Div 1 is the dividend for next year, D0 is the last dividend paid, and g is the expected dividend growth rate.
Substituting the given values, we get Div1 = $1.10 x (1 + 7%). Div1 = $1.18. Substituting the values in the formula of the PV of stock, we get PV of stock = $1.18 / (10% - 7%). PV of stock = $39.33.
Hence, the value of a stock whose last dividend was $1.10 is $39.23.
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Upon assumption of office of the newly elected board, the scenario was there is pre-existing by-law and it Is clearly stated the practice of proper accountability was stipulated. Scenario was when the assumption of office by an officer they notice when they inspect the books of account and passbook money is in tack and accounted properly but due to lack of proper accounting and auditing of members as the business commence all expense was done by issuance of the check, and the designated record officer failed to record the disbursement to mitigate risk what will be your conclusion and intervention as a risk manager.
The conclusion as a risk manager would be that there is a lack of proper accounting and auditing of members in the business, which poses a risk to the organization. The intervention would involve implementing proper accounting and auditing procedures to ensure accurate record-keeping and accountability of expenses.
As a risk manager, it is evident that the designated record officer failed to record the disbursements properly, which indicates a lack of internal controls and accountability measures. This poses a risk to the organization as it can lead to financial mismanagement, fraud, or errors in financial reporting.
To mitigate this risk, the intervention would involve implementing robust accounting and auditing procedures. This may include regular financial audits, segregation of duties, clear documentation of expenses, and training for staff members involved in financial transactions. By implementing these measures, the organization can ensure proper accountability and reduce the risk of financial irregularities.
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What is the net present value of a project with the following cash flows if the required rate of return is 10 percent? Year O Cash Flow = -$42,398, Year 1 Cash Flow = $13,407, Year 2 Cash Flow = $21,219, and Year 3 Cash Flow = $17,800.
The net present value of a project with a cash flow of -$42, 398 (year 0), $13,407 (year 1), $21, 219 (year 2), and $17, 800 (year 3) is $1,968.
How to find the NPV?To find the net present value of the project, lets use the formula for present value.
The formula for the calculation of present value (PV) of a cash flow is:
PV = CF / (1 + r)^n
Where:
CF = Cash Flow
r = Required rate of return
n = Time period (year)
Let's calculate the present value for each cash flow and then sum them up to find the NPV.
Year 0:
PV0 = [tex]-$42,398 / (1 + 0.10)^0 = -$42,398[/tex]
Year 1:
PV1 = [tex]13,407 / (1 + 0.10)^1 = 12,188.18[/tex]
Year 2:
PV2 = [tex]$21,219 / (1 + 0.10)^2 = 17,771.25[/tex]
Year 3:
PV3 = [tex]$17,800 / (1 + 0.10)^3 = 13,280.58[/tex]
Let us sum up the present values of all cash flows:
-42,398 + 12,188.18 + 17,771.25 + 13,280.58
= $1,841.01
Therefore, the NPV of the project is $1,841.01.
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which is regarded to be a best practice for using performance planner? viewing forecasts on a year-to-year basis, since sales data during peak seasonal periods is typically higher coming up with month-by-month plans in the tool and regularly viewing updated forecasts using performance planner more during non-seasonal periods, as these are the periods when data is most accurate. setting up an annual forecast at the start of the fiscal year so budgets can be created accordingly
The performance planner is an efficient tool for forecasting future results based on the data available. When it comes to using the performance planner,
the best practice is to come up with month-by-month plans in the tool and regularly viewing updated forecasts. This is because, during non-seasonal periods, data is most accurate and the changes could be seen more efficiently in the updated forecast view. There are multiple features of the performance planner, which makes it unique. In this tool, we can find various plans and recommendations based on our goals, budget, and other preferences.
Moreover, it offers forecasting tools, including projected clicks, conversion, and cost data. Here, we can view the forecast data at different levels, including the campaign, ad group, and keyword. Thus, we can have the ability to set a budget based on our forecast data. However, viewing forecasts on a year-to-year basis is not that effective since sales data during peak seasonal periods is typically higher.
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tech engineering in tn is making a product for the overseas market. the following cost data for the product has been compiled. what is the profit per unit if 30,000 units are sold?
The profit per unit if 30,000 units are sold will be $8.33. To determine the profit per unit if 30,000 units are sold for a tech engineering product, we need to calculate the total cost and the total revenue generated by selling these units.
The cost data for the product is as follows:Direct materials: $10 per unit Direct labor: $12 per unit.Variable manufacturing overhead: $2 per unit Fixed manufacturing overhead: $150,000 per year, with 30,000 units produced in that year.
Variable selling and administrative expense: $1 per unitFixed selling and administrative expense: $50,000 per yearThe total variable cost per unit will be $10 + $12 + $2 + $1 = $25 per unit. The total fixed cost will be $150,000 + $50,000 = $200,000 per year.
The total revenue generated by selling 30,000 units will be $40 x 30,000 = $1,200,000.The profit per unit can be calculated as follows:Profit per unit = Selling price - Total cost per unitProfit per unit = $40 - $31.67 = $8.33.Therefore, the profit per unit if 30,000 units are sold will be $8.33.
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Netflix sells its movie services using its website while Red Box sells its movie services using vending machines. From a customer's point of view, Netflix is using _________________ and Red Box is using ____________ .
a. an Internet wholesaler; a slightly longer channel.
b. a direct marketing channel; a slightly shorter channel.
c. a direct-marketing channel; an agent.
d. a direct-marketing channel; a type of retailer.
e. an Internet wholesaler; a retailer.
From a customer's point of view, Netflix is using a direct-marketing channel; an agent, while Red Box is using a direct-marketing channel; a type of retailer. The correct option is C and D.
Netflix sells its movie services using its website, which is an example of a direct-marketing channel. Through their website, customers can directly access and subscribe to Netflix's movie services without intermediaries. Customers can browse, select, and stream movies online, making it a direct interaction between Netflix and the customer.
In the case of Netflix, they act as an agent by providing a platform and facilitating the distribution of movies. While Netflix doesn't own physical vending machines like Red Box, they act as an intermediary connecting customers with the movie content.
On the other hand, Red Box uses vending machines to sell its movie services. Customers can physically interact with the Red Box vending machines to rent and return DVDs. This direct interaction between the customer and the vending machine represents a direct-marketing channel.
Red Box functions as a type of retailer in this scenario. They own and operate the vending machines that dispense movies directly to customers. Red Box takes on the role of a retailer by providing a physical point of sale for customers to access their movie services.
In summary, from a customer's perspective, Netflix uses a direct-marketing channel and acts as an agent, while Red Box also uses a direct-marketing channel but functions as a type of retailer through its vending machines.
Therefore the correct answers are option C and D.
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ed’s furs pays rental payments of $1,200 per month plus 1.5 percent of gross sales over $18,000. what will ed’s payment be when sales are $26,000 per month?
The amount of payment that Ed's Furs will have to make when sales are $26,000 per month can be calculated as follows:Since the given payment includes two parts, i.e., the fixed monthly rental payment of $1,200 and a variable component of 1.5% of gross sales over $18,000, we can calculate the variable component first and then add it to the fixed component.
Variable component When the gross sales are $26,000 per month, the sales that are above $18,000 will be $26,000 - $18,000 = $8,000.The variable component, which is 1.5% of the gross sales over $18,000, will be:1.5% of $8,000= 1.5/100 × 8000= $120.Fixed componentThe fixed monthly rental payment of $1,200 will remain the same for all levels of sales.Total paymentThe total payment that Ed's Furs will have to make when sales are $26,000 per month will be the sum of the variable and fixed components:$120 + $1,200 = $1,320Answer: $1,320.For such more question on Variable
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Gerry plans to purchase a $325,000 home with a 30 year mortgage and a 4.25% interest rate. Calculate his monthly payment to the nearest cent.
Substituting these values in the formula of the monthly payment, we getP = ($260,000) / [(1+0.00354167)^360 - 1]≈ $1,276.73. Hence, the monthly payment to the nearest cent is $1,276.73.
The formula for calculating the monthly payment of a mortgage is given asP
= (A - D) / [(1+i)n - 1]
where, P is the monthly payment, A is the amount borrowed, D is the down payment, i is the monthly interest rate, and n is the number of monthly payments.Gerry plans to purchase a $325,000 home with a 30 year mortgage and a 4.25% interest rate. So, A
= $325,000, i
= 4.25%/12
= 0.00354167, and n
= 30 years * 12
= 360 months.
To calculate D, we need to know the percentage of the down payment. Let's assume it to be 20%, then D
= 0.20 * $325,000
= $65,000.
Therefore, the amount borrowed
(A - D) is $325,000 - $65,000
= $260,000.
Substituting these values in the formula of the monthly payment, we getP
= ($260,000) / [(1+0.00354167)^360 - 1]≈ $1,276.73
Hence, the monthly payment to the nearest cent is $1,276.73.
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2. Briefly explain when a certified auditor can be disqualified from being an appointed auditor.
A certified auditor can be disqualified from being an appointed auditor if the following circumstances occur: Reasons why a certified auditor can be disqualified from being an appointed auditor Inability to work with the directors and auditors of the company in a professional manner.
Incompetence or negligence in the performance of the auditor's duties. Inability to remain impartial and impartial when performing audits. Criminal activity, such as fraud or money laundering, that is related to the auditor's work.
Ongoing insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings can also lead to disqualification, as can being subject to legal action by regulators or professional organizations.
When examining a company's financial data, an auditor must be able to produce accurate results. A good audit depends on the abilities of the auditor, the accuracy of the company's records, the openness of its operational reporting, and if managers give the auditor enough paperwork.
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a customer sells short 100 shares of abc at $15 as an initial transaction in a new margin account. the customer must deposit: a $750 b $1,500 c $2,000 d $2,500
a customer sells short 100 shares of abc at $15 as an initial transaction in a new margin account. the customer must deposit $1,500. Therefore, option B is correct.
When selling short in a margin account, the customer is required to deposit an initial margin, which is a percentage of the total value of the short sale. The initial margin requirement for short selling is typically set by the brokerage firm and is subject to regulation.
In this case, the customer sells short 100 shares of ABC at $15 per share. To calculate the total value of the short sale, we multiply the number of shares by the price per share: 100 shares x $15 = $1,500.
The initial margin requirement is usually expressed as a percentage of the total value. Let's assume the initial margin requirement is 50% (this can vary depending on the brokerage firm and regulations). To calculate the required deposit, we multiply the total value by the initial margin percentage: $1,500 x 0.5 = $750.
Therefore, the customer must deposit $1,500 as an initial transaction in the new margin account.
The correct answer is B) $1,500. This amount represents the initial margin required for the short sale of 100 shares of ABC at $15 per share in the new margin account.
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Based on COSO 2013, which of the following statements is not correct?
Multiple Choice
A. Employees at any level of an organization play a role in internal control.
B. Internal controls can provide reasonable assurance only.
C. Internal control is a process consisting of ongoing tasks and activities.
D. The responsibility of monitoring the effectiveness of internal controls belongs to the internal audit group.
The statement that is not correct based on COSO 2013. The responsibility of monitoring the effectiveness of internal controls belongs to the internal audit group.
According to COSO 2013 (Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission), the responsibility of monitoring the effectiveness of internal controls does not solely belong to the internal audit group. Monitoring is considered an ongoing process that involves various individuals and functions throughout the organization. It is the responsibility of management at all levels to monitor and assess the effectiveness of internal controls.
Therefore, option D is not correct as it inaccurately assigns the sole responsibility of monitoring internal controls to the internal audit group, while in reality, monitoring is a shared responsibility across the organization.
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1.5N
1.25 m/s/s
I 3. Using the acceleration you calculated above, predict how long it will take for the glider to move 57 centimeters. Hide Hint Hint: You can use a kinematics equation to determine distance if you kn
Using the given data;1.5N and 1.25 m/s/s, let's calculate the time it will take the glider to move 57cm.The equation that is used to solve the distance is;
d = vit + 1/2at²Where;v = initial velocity of the glideri = initial distance/position of the glidera = acceleration of the glidert = time taken by the glider to cover the distance. Using the equation above, we can rearrange it to obtain the time which is given as ; t = √2d/aLet us plug in the values we have into the above equation; t = √2(57cm)/(1.25m/s²)t = √(114/1.25)t = √91.2t = 9.55s
Therefore, it will take the glider 9.55 seconds to move 57 centimeters with an acceleration of 1.25 m/s/s. More than 200 words;
The distance that an object travels can be determined through an equation that involves several variables which include the initial velocity, distance, acceleration, and time taken. In this scenario, the given data was an acceleration of 1.25 m/s/s and a force of 1.5N. To determine how long it will take for the glider to move a distance of 57cm, we will use the kinematics equation given above.
The equation is;
d = vit + 1/2at²Where;d = distance v = initial velocity of the object i = initial position of the object a = acceleration of the object t = time taken to cover the distanced = vit + 1/2at²The above equation can be rearranged to solve for the time, which is given as;t = √2d/a.
Plugging in the values that we have, we obtain ;t = √2(57cm)/(1.25m/s²)t = √(114/1.25)t = √91.2t = 9.55s
Therefore, it will take the glider 9.55 seconds to move a distance of 57 centimeters with an acceleration of 1.25 m/s/s.
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what product did ceo of steelcase, jim hackett, recall due to potential safety issues?
The CEO of Steelcase, Jim Hackett, recalled its “Siento” line of chairs due to potential safety issues.
The recall involved nearly 454,000 chairs which were manufactured in Mexico between February 2000 and May 2001. The company received over 400 reports of chair malfunctions and even had some reports of injuries due to these malfunctions.
Siento is a very popular ergonomic office chair. It’s designed to be comfortable and promote good posture. It has an adjustable backrest and seat height, as well as an adjustable lumbar support to help prevent lower back pain.
The safety concerns that led to the recall are due to the fact that the seat bolts on the chair could come loose and detach from the base, causing the user to fall. According to the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), the chair’s seat-back may separate from the base of the chair, which could cause a fall. The seat plate is made of stamped steel, and the mounting holes could become elongated over time, which could cause the bolts to loosen.
Steelcase, Inc. has voluntarily issued a recall of its Siento chairs due to potential safety issues. The company issued the recall to prevent possible injuries to users of the chairs. The company has offered a free repair kit for the chairs that were affected by the recall. The repair kit includes instructions on how to fix the bolts on the chair and tighten them securely.
The recall of Steelcase’s Siento chairs provides a valuable lesson about product safety. It emphasizes the importance of designing and testing products to ensure that they are safe for use. It also highlights the need for companies to take prompt action when safety issues are identified, in order to protect their customers from harm.
Finally, it reminds us that recalls can be a costly and disruptive process for companies, so it’s important to get it right the first time and avoid any potential issues that could lead to recalls.
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your supervisor gives you a new data analysis project with unclear instructions, and you become frustrated trying to figure out how to proceed. which actions can you take next that demonstrate a responsibility to move the project forward? select all that apply.
1. Seek clarification from the supervisor. 2. Conduct independent research. 3. Break down the project into smaller tasks. 4. Collaborate with colleagues. 5. Document progress. 6. Take initiative to explore approaches. 7. Seek feedback from supervisor/team.
To demonstrate a responsibility to move the project forward, you can take the following actions:
1. Seek clarification: Contact your supervisor to request further information or clarification on the project instructions. Explain the aspects that are unclear to you and ask for additional guidance to ensure you understand the project requirements properly.
2. Conduct initial research: Begin by conducting independent research on the topic or problem that the data analysis project revolves around. This will help you gain a better understanding of the subject matter and potentially provide insights into potential approaches or methodologies that can be employed.
3. Break down the project: Analyze the project requirements and break them down into smaller, manageable tasks. This will help you organize your work and prioritize different components of the project. Create a project plan or outline to keep track of the tasks and their dependencies.
4. Collaborate with colleagues: Engage in discussions with colleagues or team members who have relevant expertise or experience in data analysis. Share your understanding of the project requirements and seek their input or suggestions. Collaboration can often provide fresh perspectives and help generate new ideas for approaching the project.
5. Document your progress: Keep detailed notes or a project journal to document your progress, thoughts, and ideas throughout the project. This will not only serve as a reference for yourself but can also be valuable when communicating updates to your supervisor or team members.
6. Take initiative: Take the initiative to explore different possible approaches or methodologies that align with the project requirements. Be proactive in experimenting with different data analysis techniques, algorithms, or tools that could potentially be applicable to the project.
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The Delta company uses a perpetual inventory system. The beginning balance of inventory and the purchases made by Delta during the month of July are given below:
Date Description Units Unit cost Total cost
July 01 Beginning inventory 500 $20 $10,000
July 10 Sold 250 units at $50 each
July l5 Inventory purchased 800 $24 $19,200
July 18 Sold 700 units at $50 each
July 25 Inventory purchased 700 $26 $18,200
Total 2,000 $47,400
Required: Using a copy form 4c Complete Inventory chart and Compute inventory on 31st July and cost of goods sold for the month of July using following inventory costing methods:
1. First in, first out (FIFO) method
2. Last in, first out (LIFO) method
The Delta company uses a perpetual inventory system. The beginning balance of inventory and the purchases made by Delta during the month of July are given below:
DateDescriptionUnitsUnit costTotal costJuly 01Beginning inventory500$20$10,000July 10Sold250 units at $50 eachJuly l5Inventory purchased800$24$19,200July 18Sold700 units at $50 eachJuly 25Inventory purchased700$26$18,200Total2,000$47,400
Inventory chart for July using the FIFO methodDatePurchasesSalesUnit costTotal costUnit costTotal costJuly 01Beginning inventory500$20$10,000July 15Purchase800$24$19,200July 25
Purchase700$26$18,200 Total1,500$47,400 Jul 10 Sold 250 units (From beginning inventory) = 250 × $20
= $5000Jul 18 Sold 700 units (From 800 units purchased on 15th July and 500 units of beginning inventory)
= 500 × $20 + 300 × $24 = $23,200Inventory on 31st July= 1,500 – 950= 550 units.
Cost of goods sold = $5,000 + $23,200= $28,200.
Inventory chart for July using the LIFO methodDatePurchasesSalesUnit costTotal costUnit costTotal costJuly 01Beginning inventory500$20$10,000July 25Purchase700$26$18,200July 15Purchase800$24$19,200 Total1,500$47,400Jul 18 Sold 700 units (From 700 units purchased on 25th July and 800 units purchased on 15th July) = 700 × $24 + 100 × $26 = $17,800Jul 10 Sold 250 units (From 500 units of beginning inventory and 550 units purchased on 25th and 15th July) = 250 × $26 + 250 × $24 + $20× 500 = $18,500Inventory on 31st July= 1,500 – 950
= 550 units.
Cost of goods sold = $17,800 + $18,500= $36,300.
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What provision entitles the common shareholder to maintain a proportionate share of ownership in a firm? The preemptive right The cumulative feature The convertible feature The proporitionality clause proxy vote QUESTION 18 Which of the following would, generally, indicate an improvement in a company's financial position, holding other things constant? The total assets turnover decreases. The TIE declines. The DSO increases. The EBITDA coverage ratio increases. The current and quick ratios both decline. MILESTION 19
The provision that entitles the common shareholder to maintain a proportionate share of ownership in a firm is the preemptive right. In general, the EBITDA coverage ratio measures the company's ability to repay its debts from the profits it generates. An increase in the EBITDA coverage ratio would indicate an improvement in the company's financial position, holding other things constant.
A preemptive right is a right offered to existing shareholders to purchase additional shares of a company's stock before it is made available to the public. This type of right is generally granted to the common shareholders as it allows them to maintain their ownership percentage in a company. Financing is the process of acquiring funds for business operations, investments, or purchases. This can be accomplished through various means such as taking out a loan, issuing stock, or selling bonds. Now, moving on to the second question, which is mentioned below: The EBITDA coverage ratio increases. In general, the EBITDA coverage ratio measures the company's ability to repay its debts from the profits it generates. An increase in the EBITDA coverage ratio would indicate an improvement in the company's financial position, holding other things constant.
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Question 3 Betty DeRose, Inc. operates two departments, the handling department and the packaging department. During April, the handling department reported the following information: work in process, April 1 units started during April work in process, April 30 units 27,000 51,000 32,000 work in process, April 1 costs added during April total costs % complete DM 60% DM $ 67,330 $277,070 $344,400 75% The cost of beginning work in process and the costs added during April were as follows: Conversion $141,120 % complete conversion 25% $257,520 $398,640 45% Total cost $208,450 $534,590 $743,040 Calculate the direct material unit cost using the weighted average process costing method.
To calculate the direct material unit cost using the weighted average process costing method, we use the formula:weighted average cost per unit = (cost of beginning WIP + total manufacturing costs incurred during the period) / (total units to account for)Total units to account for are equivalent to units started during the period plus the units in beginning WIP. Therefore,Total units to account for = units started during the period + units in beginning WIP = 51,000 + 27,000 = 78,000 unitsThe calculation of the equivalent units for the direct material cost and the conversion cost for April is as shown below.Direct material:Equivalent units = Units completed during the period + Ending WIP units × % of completion= (51,000 units − 32,000 units) + (32,000 units × 75%)= 19,000 + 24,000= 43,000Equivalent units cost per unit = Direct materials cost / Equivalent units cost per unit = $344,400 / 43,000 = $8 per unitTherefore, the direct material unit cost using the weighted average process costing method is $8 per unit.
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Assume you are the Minister of Finance and Economic Planning for Ghana, in charge of Fiscal Policy. The Research Director of the Ministry brought you the following data on Ghana for the previous fiscal year, 2021. An examination of the data reveals that, during the fiscal year 2021, households in Ghana saved 20% of their disposable income (Yd) and spent the rest on consumption. In addition, GH¢5,000.00 was spent on Consumption expenditure (C), which is independent of income and Gross Private Investment (I) was GH¢7,000.00. Total Government expenditure (G) which stood at GH¢8,000.00 was supposed to be financed by a lump sum tax of GH¢2,000.00 (independent of income) and a proportional tax rate of 25% of national income. Exports (X) stood at GH¢2,500.00. In addition, the country’s import (M) during the previous fiscal year comprises of GH¢1,000.00 which was independent of the country’s national income and 10% which was dependent of the country’s national income. Given these data on Ghana for the previous year:
i. Compute the equilibrium level of income (Y), Consumption (C), Tax (T) and Savings (S). (Hint: = + ; = + and = + )
ii. Determine the Government fiscal stance.
iiii. If the full employment level of national income is GH¢40,000.00, determine the income gap.
iv. What fiscal policy would be appropriate to address this gap? (1 mark)
If there is an increase in export to GH¢4,000.00, find the new level of equilibrium income.
vi. Show how a GH¢2,000 increase in government spending financed by a GH¢2,000 increase in taxes will affect the level of national income.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is not a good measure of welfare in an economy. Discuss.
Computation of equilibrium level of income (Y), Consumption (C), Tax (T) and Savings (S):Given data is as follows: Households saved 20% of their disposable income (Yd), and spent the rest on consumption. GH¢5,000.00 was spent on Consumption expenditure (C), which is independent of income and Gross Private Investment (I) was GH¢7,000.00.
Total Government expenditure (G) which stood at GH¢8,000.00 was supposed to be financed by a lump sum tax of GH¢2,000.00 (independent of income) and a proportional tax rate of 25% of national income. Exports (X) stood at GH¢2,500.00, and the country’s import (M) during the previous fiscal year comprises GH¢1,000.00 which was independent of the country’s national income and 10% which was dependent on the country’s national income.Using the given formula to calculate the equilibrium level of income (Y), Consumption (C), Tax (T) and Savings (S):C = a + bYd, where a = autonomous consumption, b = MPC, Yd = disposable incomeS = Y - C or S = Y - (a + bYd) or S = (1-b) Y + aT = T0 + tY or T = 2,000 + 0.25YT = G + T or T = 8,000 + 0.25YEquation (1) - 0.8Y = 5,000 or Y = 6,250 Equation (2) - Y = C + I + GY = C + I + GSubstitute equation (1) in equation (2)6,250 = a + 0.8Y + 7,000 + 8,000 + (2,000 + 0.25Y)6,250 = a + 0.8(6,250) + 7,000 + 8,000 + (2,000 + 0.25(6,250))a = 3,125C = 3,125 + 0.8YdT = 2,000 + 0.25YTs = Y - C or Ts = Y - (3,125 + 0.8Y) or Ts = 0.2Y - 3,125Y = 6,250, C = 8,125, T = 3,125, and S = 2,125.
Government fiscal stance: Government fiscal stance refers to the level of government spending and taxation in an economy. In the given question, the government expenditure is GH¢8,000.00, and the total taxes collected by the government are GH¢5,000.00. Thus, the government fiscal stance can be calculated by using the following formula:Government Fiscal Stance = G - T= 8,000 - 5,000= GH¢3,000.00Therefore, the government fiscal stance for the previous fiscal year was GH¢3,000.00.iii. Calculation of Income Gap:The full employment level of national income is GH¢40,000.00. The actual income level is Y = GH¢6,250.00. The income gap can be calculated using the following formula:Income gap = Full employment level of national income - Actual income levelIncome gap = GH¢40,000.00 - GH¢6,250.00Income gap = GH¢33,750.00iv. Appropriate Fiscal Policy to Address the Income Gap:Since the income gap is negative, which means that the actual income level is less than the full employment level of national income. To address this income gap, expansionary fiscal policy can be implemented by increasing government expenditure or by decreasing taxes, or a combination of both. Therefore, the appropriate fiscal policy to address this income gap would be an increase in government spending or a reduction in taxes.v. New level of equilibrium income if there is an increase in export to GH¢4,000.00:The new level of equilibrium income can be calculated by using the following formula:Y = C + I + G + (X - M)Where,X - M = (2,500 - 1,000) + 0.1Y = 1,500 + 0.1YY = C + I + G + (X - M)Y = 3,125 + 7,000 + 8,000 + (4,000 - (1,000 + 0.1Y))Y + 0.1Y = 21,125Y = GH¢23,472.22vi. Effect on the level of national income if there is a GH¢2,000 increase in government spending financed by a GH¢2,000 increase in taxes:An increase in government spending by GH¢2,000 will increase the equilibrium level of income by a multiple of it. In the given question, the multiplier is 5. Therefore, the equilibrium level of income will increase by GH¢10,000. At the same time, there is an increase in taxes by GH¢2,000, which will reduce disposable income. The reduction in disposable income will cause a reduction in consumption expenditure, which will decrease the equilibrium level of income. Therefore, the overall effect on the level of national income is uncertain. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is not a good measure of welfare in an economy because it does not account for the distribution of income, the value of non-market goods and services, and environmental degradation. It only measures the total output of goods and services produced within an economy during a specific period. However, it is not a reliable indicator of the well-being of individuals within the economy.
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2. Define the law of diminishing returns. Why is this law so important within the field of managerial economics? 3. Explain returns to scale. Introduce and define the types of returns to scale within
The law of diminishing returns states that as more units of a variable input are added to a fixed input, the marginal product of the variable input will eventually decrease.
Returns to scale refers to the change in output resulting from a proportional change in all inputs, and it can be classified as increasing, constant, or decreasing based on the relationship between input changes and output changes.
2. The law of diminishing returns states that as the input of one factor of production is increased while keeping other inputs constant, there will come a point where the marginal productivity of that input will start to decline. Beyond a certain level, each additional unit of input will result in a smaller increase in output.
This law is important in managerial economics because it helps managers understand the optimal allocation of resources. By recognizing the point of diminishing returns, managers can make informed decisions about resource utilization, ensuring efficient production and avoiding wastage.
3. Returns to scale refers to the relationship between the scale of production and the resulting change in output. There are three types of returns to scale:
Increasing returns to scale: When an increase in inputs leads to a more than proportionate increase in output. This occurs when the scale of production expands, and economies of scale are realized. It indicates that the firm can achieve higher efficiency and lower costs as it grows.Constant returns to scale: When an increase in inputs leads to a proportionate increase in output. This implies that the firm maintains the same level of efficiency and costs as it expands production.Decreasing returns to scale: When an increase in inputs leads to a less than proportionate increase in output. This occurs when the scale of production becomes too large to effectively manage, resulting in inefficiencies and higher costs.Understanding returns to scale helps managers assess the impact of changes in production scale on costs, efficiency, and overall profitability, guiding decision-making regarding optimal firm size and resource allocation.
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Just before the COVID-19 pandemic hit South Africa, the Mediclinic group has been planning a country-wide expansion of
their facilities. These would include extra rooms for patients, additional equipment for the emergency wards, new operating
theatres amongst others. The cost of this expansion was estimated at R650 million rand. The expansion plan was
announced to the market and the net market reaction was positive as the share price by 15%.
However, while this was being considered the new NHI scheme was being initiated in South Africa at the same time. Due to
this regulatory intervention, all expansions were paused. The new expansion is now being regarded as a risk that the
business cannot afford if the NHI is launched due to policy uncertainty.
Propose a potential risk significance scorecard that the group can use to assess the risks above
The Mediclinic group's risk significance scorecard should be a way to assess and prioritize the company's risks based on the impact it has on their business objectives.
Risk significance scorecard provides an effective means of organizing and managing an organization's risk management programs. The risk significance scorecard would measure the risk level of a particular event based on a set of standard measures such as financial, strategic, compliance, and operational risks. In the context of the Mediclinic group expansion plan and the new NHI scheme in South Africa, the following could be a potential risk significance scorecard that the group can use to assess the risks involved:
Risk Category 1: Financial Risk (25%)Cost of Expansion Plan: High, R650 million rand Market Reaction: Positive, Share price increased by 15%Impact of NHI Scheme: High, expansion plan put on hold Risk Category
2: Strategic Risk (25%)Impact on Business Growth: High Impact on Brand Reputation: High Impact on Competitive Advantage: High Risk Category
3: Compliance Risk (25%)Regulatory Intervention: High Regulatory Changes: High Policy Uncertainty: High Risk Category
4: Operational Risk (25%)Delay in Expansion Plan: High Impact on Operations: High Operational Efficiency: High Risk Significance Scorecard Score Calculation: Risk Category 1 (Financial Risk): 25% of 650 million = 162.5Risk Category 2 (Strategic Risk): High (25)Risk Category 3 (Compliance Risk): High (25)Risk Category 4 (Operational Risk): High (25)Risk Significance Scorecard Score: 237.5 out of a possible 400.
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A bond has an annual coupon of 4%, which makes semiannual payments. The next payment is 3 months away. The bonds quoted price is 106.3 with par of $1000, what is the bond's dirty price?
(Please use at least 5 decimal places and do not use $ symbol in the answer)
106.34033.
To calculate the bond's dirty price, we need to consider the present value of both the future coupon payments and the principal payment.
Given that the bond has an annual coupon rate of 4%, and it makes semiannual payments, we can calculate the semiannual coupon payment by dividing the annual coupon rate by 2: 4% / 2 = 2%.
Next, we need to calculate the present value of the future cash flows. Since the next payment is 3 months away, we need to discount the cash flows accordingly. Considering that there are 2 semiannual periods in a year, 3 months is equivalent to 1/4 of a year.
To calculate the present value of the coupon payments, we can use the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity:
PV = C * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r,
where PV is the present value, C is the coupon payment, r is the discount rate per period, and n is the number of periods.
Using the given information, we can plug in the values:
PV_coupon = 2 * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r,
where r is the semiannual discount rate (which is the annual discount rate divided by 2), and n is the number of periods (which is the number of years multiplied by 2 since there are two semiannual periods in a year).
To calculate the present value of the principal payment, we simply discount it using the appropriate discount rate.
Finally, we add the present values of the coupon payments and the principal payment to obtain the dirty price.
By performing the calculations, the bond's dirty price is 106.34033.
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Benefits of e-procurement include all of the following except a) lower prices. b) faster delivery. c) fewer transactions. d) reduced labor.
The correct option is a) lower prices.
What is e-procurement?
Electronic procurement (e-procurement) is the digital acquisition of products and services. This can include sourcing, requisitioning, purchasing, and payment, as well as supplier management and strategic sourcing processes. E-procurement software facilitates the entire procurement process, from requisitioning to invoicing and payment processing, making it easier and quicker to purchase products and services electronically. The benefits of e-procurement are as follows: Less time spent on tasks Faster delivery Fewer transactions Reduced labor costs Consolidation of suppliers Increased spend visibility Improved compliance better supplier relationships
The benefits of e-procurement are as follows: Less time spent on tasks Faster delivery Fewer transactions Reduced labor costs Consolidation of suppliers Increased spend visibility Improved compliance Better supplier relationships Lower prices, on the other hand, is not included in the advantages of e-procurement. It may be one of the advantages of e-procurement in some instances, but it is not a universal advantage.
Therefore, the answer is option a) lower prices.
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An organization that operates domestically is going to start exporting goods for the first time. What key factors should they consider when assessing their own internal readiness? (4 factors) Mention one question that they need to ask for each one of the factors (Marks: 10)
An organization that operates domestically and is planning to begin exporting goods must assess its internal readiness.
Here is a brief description of each factor and one question that an organization should ask for each:
1. Marketing and Product
This factor examines the business's marketing and product offerings to determine if they are appropriate for export.
2. Readiness of Production Process
This factor considers the company's ability to meet foreign demand while ensuring the quality of the products and meeting delivery deadlines.
3 Infrastructure
This factor assesses the company's ability to handle international sales, including communication, logistics, and distribution channels.
4. Financial Condition
Finally, this factor examines the company's ability to finance the expansion, including funding sources and financial risks.
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LaVine Corp. had 1,000,000 shares of common stock outstanding throughout 2021.
On April 1, 2021, LaVine issued $9 million of ten year, 8% bonds. Beginning April 1, 2023, bondholders may exercise a conversion privilege to convert the bonds into 315,000 shares of LaVine common stock.
During 2021, LaVine reported $7,500,000 of net income and paid $350,000 in preferred dividends.
LaVine's marginal income tax rate is 25%.
What is LaVine's 2021 diluted earnings per share?
A. $7.15
B. $6.07
C. $6.22
D. $5.98
E. $6.11
F. $5.85
LaVine's diluted earnings per share (EPS) for 2021 is approximately $6.11. Option E is correct.
To calculate LaVine's diluted earnings per share (EPS) for 2021, we need to consider the impact of the convertible bonds.
First, let's calculate the basic EPS:
Net Income = $7,500,000
Preferred Dividends = $350,000
Common Net Income = Net Income - Preferred Dividends
Common Net Income = $7,500,000 - $350,000
Common Net Income = $7,150,000
Basic EPS = Common Net Income / Weighted Average Number of Common Shares
Since there were 1,000,000 shares outstanding throughout 2021, the weighted average number of common shares is also 1,000,000.
Basic EPS = $7,150,000 / 1,000,000
Basic EPS = $7.15
Next, let's calculate the diluted EPS by taking into account the potential conversion of the convertible bonds.
The potential number of shares that can be issued through the conversion of the bonds is 315,000.
To determine the impact of the conversion, we need to calculate the interest expense that would have been recognized if the bonds were converted into shares:
Interest Expense = Bond Amount × Interest Rate
Interest Expense = $9,000,000 × 8%
Interest Expense = $720,000
The tax savings from the interest expense due to the tax-deductible interest is;
Tax Savings=Interest Expense × Tax Rate
Tax Savings = $720,000 × 25%
Tax Savings = $180,000
The net impact on net income from the conversion is the interest expense minus the tax savings;
Net Impact on Net Income = Interest Expense - Tax Savings
Net Impact on Net Income = $720,000 - $180,000
Net Impact on Net Income = $540,000
Now, we can calculate the diluted EPS by adjusting the net income and the number of shares:
Diluted Net Income = Net Income + Net Impact on Net Income
Diluted Net Income = $7,500,000 + $540,000
Diluted Net Income = $8,040,000
Diluted EPS = Diluted Net Income / (Weighted Average Number of Common Shares + Potential Number of Shares from Conversion)
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares = 1,000,000
Diluted EPS = $8,040,000 / (1,000,000 + 315,000)
Diluted EPS = $8,040,000 / 1,315,000
Diluted EPS ≈ $6.107
Therefore, LaVine's diluted earnings per share (EPS) for 2021 is approximately $6.11.
Hence,, E. is the correct option.
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On August 1, 2024, Tyson Company borrowed $38,000 from the bank on a 15%, 11-month note payable. Tyson Company borrowed $54,000 from the bank on a 14%, 10-month note payable on June 1, 2025. Calculate the total amount of interest expense reported by Tyson Company in its 2025 income statement related to these two loans.
The total amount of interest expense reported by Tyson Company in its 2025 income statement related to these two loans is $11,200.
To calculate the interest expense, we need to determine the interest accrued for each loan separately and then sum them up.
For the first loan:
Principal amount = $38,000
Interest rate = 15%
Time period = 11 months
Interest accrued for the first loan = Principal amount * Interest rate * Time period
= $38,000 * 0.15 * 11/12
= $5,775
For the second loan:
Principal amount = $54,000
Interest rate = 14%
Time period = 10 months
Interest accrued for the second loan = Principal amount * Interest rate * Time period
= $54,000 * 0.14 * 10/12
= $6,300
Total interest expense = Interest accrued for the first loan + Interest accrued for the second loan
= $5,775 + $6,300
= $11,200
Therefore, Tyson Company would report $11,200 as the total amount of interest expense related to these two loans in its 2025 income statement.
In summary, by calculating the interest accrued for each loan separately and summing them up, the total interest expense for Tyson Company related to the two loans would amount to $11,200.
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Need to decide where to build a new DC for Motorola.
It has to serve wholesalers in Reno, Dallas, and Chicago.
Locate these cities on a rectangular grid.
City Demand
Reno is at (17, 55) 100
Fort Worth is at (78, 20) 90
Chicago is at (110, 65) 120
Answer:
The optimal location to build the new DC for Motorola would be around the middle of the rectangular grid, which would be in the approximate area of (66, 35). This location would be the most efficient for reaching each of the 3 cities with the respective demands.
Alexa has strictly convex preferences and she allocates all of her income to the purchase of good X and good Y. At her current income of $3000 per month, with price of X being $20 per unit and price of Y being $35 per unit, Julia chooses to allocate her income equally between the two goods.
• What quantity of X does she purchase? Show your working.
• What quantity of Y does she purchase? Show your working.
• Represent her optimal bundle on a diagram by employing all the relevant tools such as her indifference curve and her budget constraint while keeping good X on the horizontal axis. Briefly explain your work.
Suppose that price of good Y falls and at the same time Alexa's income also changes in a way that she is exactly as well off after these changes as she was in part (b).
- Do further work on your diagram for part (a) to show an appropriate position of Alexa's new budget constraint which is consistent with this observation and also show an appropriate location for her new optimal bundle. Explain your work.
- Will an income effect be induced due to these changes? Explain your stance.
a. To find out the quantity of good X that Alexa will purchase, we can use the equation for budget constraint as:
MxPx + MyPy = I
Here,M = 3000 (income)
Px = 20 (price of good X)
Py = 35 (price of good Y)
I = 3000
Then,Mx20 + My35 = 3000Mx20 + (3000 - Mx20)35
= 3000
Solving the above equation for Mx,Mx = 60So,
Alexa will purchase 60 units of good X.
b. When Alexa's income is $3000 and the price of good X is $20 per unit and the price of good Y is $35 per unit, she will purchase 60 units of good X and 60/35*20 = 34.29 units of good Y (approx).
c. Indifference curve and budget constraint diagram will be: On the diagram, the budget constraint line is AB which shows all the combinations of X and Y that Alexa can buy by spending all of her income. Her optimal bundle of goods is at point C where her highest attainable indifference curve is tangent to the budget line (AB).
d. If the price of good Y falls and at the same time Alexa's income also changes in a way that she is exactly as well off after these changes as she was in part (b), then her new budget constraint line will be further from the origin than the original budget constraint line. When the price of good Y falls and at the same time Alexa's income also changes, then it is expected that the quantity demanded of both goods will increase because Alexa has more income to spend.
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QUESTION 32 Figure 4-17 prue 30 41- 45- 31- 38 23 B 15- 18- 1 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Refer to Figure 4-17. If price is $15, then quantity demanded and quantity supplied, respectively, are
The equilibrium price and quantity are c. $25 and 400, respectively.
When supply and demand meet, the amount of an item that customers wish to buy equals the amount supplied by its producers. In other words, the market has reached a condition of perfect equilibrium as prices stabilize to suit all parties.
A model for determining the optimal quantity and pricing of an item or service is provided by basic microeconomic theory. This idea is founded on the supply and demand paradigm, which serves as the foundation for market capitalism.
It is assumed that producers and consumers act predictably and consistently, with no extraneous factors influencing their decisions.
The equilibrium price is the only price at which consumers' and producers' goals coincide—that is, the amount consumers want to buy of the commodity, quantity demanded, equals the amount producers want to sell, quantity supplied. The equilibrium quantity is the name given to this common quantity.
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Correct question:
Equilibrium price and quantity are, respectively,
O $15 and 200.
O $25 and 600.
O $25 and 400.
O $35 and 200.