under development at mit, photonic crystals allow solar panels to be twice as efficient by absorbing and converting the sun’s ___.

The model depicts two types of distinct, water-soluble ions—solid and spotted—but only the solidly coloured ions traverse the membrane channel into the cell, demonstrating the selective permeability of the membrane to particular ions. Since the membrane is only selectively permeable to the solid coloured ions in this instance, the dotted ions cannot pass through it.

Define selective permeability?

Passive or energetic passage of substances across the membrane are both possible.

Similar conditions must be met for substances to flow through the plasma membrane; for example, glucose must be carried into the gate while tiny, non-polar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide can pass through with ease.

Because of its composition and structure, the plasma membrane exhibits selective permeability. A phospholipid bilayer makes up its structure.

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Answer: 648 Ohms

Explanation:

RA = VI

Resistance = voltage x current

R = 120V x 5.4 = 648 Ohms

To calculate the average density of the hollow sphere learn the radius and density.

What is radius?

Simply halving the circle's diameter yields the radius formula. The radius of the ring is the line segment formed when we join a point on a circle's circumference to the exact center. The radius of a circle is the distance separating its center from its perimeter.

What is density?

When a material is packed tightly, it is said to have a high density. Its definition is the ratio of mass to volume. Density begins with the letter D. density formula is given as = m/V for objects with masses m and volumes V.

Volume of solid sphere = 4 pi r^3 / 3

      = 4 x pi x 5^3 / 3

      = 523.6 cm^3

 mass = 350 g

average density = mass / volume  

        = 0.668 g/cm^3   Or 668 kg / m^3  

If Sphere is hollow, then also it will acquire same volume in the space.

hence average velocity will not change.

Therefore,  its average density is 0.668 g/cm^3   Or 668 kg / m^3

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Predictions about why the object does not accelerate downward are (1) the bonded molecules of the object are repelled upward by the bonded molecules of the ground with the same magnitude as the gravitational force downward on the object, and (2) the normal force is exerted upward on the object from the ground with the same magnitude as the gravitational force downward on the object.

The normal force is simply the force that two surfaces in contact exert to each other to prevent themselves from passing through each other. Since the normal force is a contact force, two surfaces that aren't in contact can't exert  a normal force on each other. The normal force will be as large as necessary to make net force equal zero.

The normal force is generated by the electromagnetic force: the electrons in an object are pushing against the electrons in another object.

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Answer:

Approximately [tex]0.64\; {\rm s}[/tex].

Velocity: approximately [tex]6.3\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}[/tex].

(Assuming that air resistance is negligible, and that [tex]g = 9.81\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-2}}[/tex] assuming that the fall started from rest.)

Explanation:

If air resistance is negligible, acceleration will be constantly [tex]a = (-g) = (-9.81)\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-2}}[/tex] during the fall.  

Let [tex]x[/tex] denote the displacement. In this question, [tex]x = (-2.0)\; {\rm m}[/tex]. Note that [tex]x[/tex] is negative since the position after the fall is below the initial position.

The initial velocity at the beginning of the fall is [tex]u = 0\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}[/tex] under the assumptions.

Let [tex]v[/tex] denote the final velocity right before landing. Apply the SUVAT equation [tex]v^{2} - u^{2} = 2\, a\, x[/tex] to find [tex]v\![/tex]. Rearrange this equation to obtain:

[tex]\begin{aligned}v &= \sqrt{2\, a\, x + u^{2}} \end{aligned}[/tex].

Substitute in [tex]a = (-g) = (-9.81)\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-2}}[/tex], [tex]x = (-2.0)\; {\rm m}[/tex], and [tex]u = 0\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}[/tex] and solve for [tex]v[/tex]

[tex]\begin{aligned}v &= -\sqrt{2\, a\, x + u^{2}} \\ &= -\sqrt{2 \,((-9.81)\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-2}}) \, ((-2.0)\; {\rm m}) + (0\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}})^{2}} \\ &= \left(-\sqrt{2 \, (-9.81)\, (-2.0)}\right)\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}} \\ &\approx (-6.26)\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}} \\ &\approx (-6.3)\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}\end{aligned}[/tex].

(Negative since the final velocity points downwards to the ground.)

In other words, the velocity right before landing would be approximately [tex](-6.3)\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}[/tex].

The change in velocity during the fall would be:

[tex]\begin{aligned}v - u &\approx (-6.26)\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}} - (0\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}) = (-6.26)\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}\end{aligned}[/tex].

Divide the change in velocity by acceleration to find the duration [tex]t[/tex] of the fall:

[tex]\begin{aligned}t &= \frac{v - u}{a} \\ &\approx \frac{(-6.26)\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}}{(-9.81)\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-2}}} \\ &\approx 0.64\; {\rm s}\end{aligned}[/tex].

The rock formations that are visible when the landscape is exposed to energy from the sun are sedimentary rocks.

A landscape is a geomorphological unit that is categorized based on characteristics such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type.

Sedimentary rock or also known as sedimentary rock is a rock that forms on the surface of the earth under conditions of low temperature and pressure. These rocks originate from rocks that were formed earlier, which experience weathering, and erosion, and then weathering is transported by water, air, or ice, which are then deposited and accumulate in depositional basins, forming sediments. These sedimentary materials then compact, harden, undergo lithification, and form sedimentary rocks.

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Using the concepts of angular velocity, we got that    0.025sec is the period of one revolution for a grinding wheel which is rotating with an angular velocity of 251 radians per second.

We know that angular velocity is defined as the change of angular displacement with respect to time.

or ,ω=θ/t

Here, grinding wheel is circular in shape means total angular displacement is 360 degree or 2[tex]\pi[/tex]

So according to the formula,

=>251=2π/t

=>t=2π/251

=>t=(2×3.14)/251

=>t=6.28/251

=>t=0.025sec

Hence, if a grinding wheel is rotating with an angular velocity of 251 radians per second, the period of one revolution is 0.025sec.

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Answer:

E = h ν

E = 6.63E-34 * 2.77E20 = 1.84E-13     energy of incident beam

1 eV = 1.60E-19      10 eV = 1.60E-18 Joules

n = 1.84E-13 / 1.60E-18 = 1.15E5

n = 1.15

Answer: Neon,Sodium, Silicon, Iron and Uranium.

The vast size of our solar system makes it impossible for a large, civilization-threatening asteroid or comet to collide with earth is the False statement.

Small, stony objects called asteroids orbit the Sun. Despite orbiting the Sun similarly to planets, asteroids are far smaller than planets. Small, stony objects called asteroids orbit the sun.

Large ice and dust-based bodies known as comets orbiting the Sun. Most recognisable for their lengthy, streaming tails.

Comet or large, civilization-threatening asteroid has nothing to do with the vastness of solar system in effecting the earth from damage to the human race or to destroy it completely.

Civilization-threatening asteroid or comet large enough to do serious damage to the human race will eventually collide with Earth even if the solar system is very vast.

Hence, the vast size of our solar system makes it impossible for a large, civilization-threatening asteroid or comet to collide with earth is the False statement.

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In order for the satellite to have an orbit with a 48-hour period, its orbit must be positioned in a circular orbit at an altitude of 60.689*106m. At this time, altitude is calculated from Earth's surface.

Therefore, the radius of the Earth is subtracted from the total radial distance to get the altitude of the satellite's orbit. orbit of a satellite Satellite orbits are divided into high and low orbits, polar orbits (when the earth's spin axis is included within the orbit plane), equatorial orbits (when the earth's equatorial plane coincides with the orbit plane), and pro-grade and retrograde or bits (the direction of satellite motion is either eastward or westward).

R = 67.067*10^6 m

As a result, height (h) is equal to total radial distance (r) minus earth's radius (R). For example, h=(60.067 - 6.378)*106m; h= 60.689*106m.

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The electric charge the capacitor store now is  0.065 C.

What is a capacitor?

A capacitor is a device that uses the accumulation of electric charges on two nearby surfaces that are electrically isolated from one another to store electrical energy in an electric field. It has two terminals and is a passive electrical component. referrer=search Results refers to a capacitor's effect. Initially when switch S is open for a long time the charge stored on the capacitor is given by the following equation.

The solution to this question is too large so I am adding this screenshot kindly check the attachment:

Now final charge on the capacitor after closing the switch for a long time

Q = CE

Q = 3.65*10^{-3}*17.76= 0.065 C

Hence, the electric charge the capacitor store now is  0.065 C.

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The final velocity it attains is 70.7 m/s

Velocity is the directional velocity of an object in movement as a demonstration of its price of exchange in function as found from a specific body of reference and as measured by using a specific well-known time.

Speed is the time fee at which an item is shifting along a direction, at the same time as velocity is the rate and route of an object's movement. placed any other way, speed is a scalar cost, whilst pace is a vector.

Speed is the velocity at which something moves in a selected course. for example, the velocity of a car traveling north on a highway, or the velocity at which a rocket travels after launching. In the scalar manner, the absolute price value of the rate vector is continually the velocity of the motion.

Calculation:-

v² = U² + 2aS

V² = 0 + 2×5×500

V² = 5000

V = 70.7 m/s

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The electric field will be 1.9 V /m

The length of the wire is l =  85.

The diameter of the wire is d = 0.25mm

.The voltage of the battery is V = 1.6 V.

(a) The expression for the electric field inside the wire is,

E=( V / L )

Substituting the given values in the above expression, we will get

E = 1.6V / 85cm ( 1m /100cm)

= 1.6V / 0.85 m

=  1.88 V / m

= 1.9 V / m

Hence, the electric field will be 1.9 V /m.

What do you mean by Electric Field ?

Electric field can be defined as an electric property which is associated with each point in the space where a charge is present in any form. An electric field is also described as the electric force per unit charge.

The formula of electric field is given as;

E = F /Q

Where,

E is the electric field.

F is a force.

Q is the charge.

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.

The total open-circuit voltage that is received is 19.41V.

Solution:

RCHP traveling in the z-direction

E = E₁₀ cos(wt - βz) + Ey₀ sin(wt - βz)

E = [tex]\sqrt{E_{y0}^{2} + E^{2} y_{0}[/tex] = [tex]\sqrt{E^{2}_{O} } +E^{2}_{O}[/tex] = [tex]\sqrt{2} .Eo[/tex]

=  [tex]\sqrt{2} Eo = 19.41 = Eo = 19.41[/tex]

Open circuit voltage is the voltage difference measured between two terminals when no current is being drawn or supplied. Short-circuit current is the current that flows when the voltage difference between terminals is forced to zero. No current flows in the circuit, but there is a voltage drop between the two points.

As a result, in an open circuit, the current through it is zero but the voltage is present. The current becomes zero and the power equals VI. When an open circuit is introduced, current flow through the circuit is interrupted. The voltage drop across each resistive element is zero when no current is flowing. However, the source potential difference appears to be open.

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Microwaves are most energy efficient way to send information.

Electromagnetic waves are a general term for familiar light and radio waves, but they also include gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet rays, and infrared rays. All of these forms of electromagnetic radiation or waves travel at the speed of light, the highest possible speed. The only difference between these types of electromagnetic waves is their length, or wave, or "wavelength." Another way to characterize waves is the number of waves received per second, since they all travel at the speed of light. This is the wave frequency. A specific range of radio frequencies from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, "microwaves", is particularly well suited for interstellar communications. At lower frequencies, our galaxy emits enormous amounts of radio waves, creating a large amount of background noise. At higher frequencies, the Earth's atmosphere, and possibly other Earth-like planets, absorb and emit a wide range of radio frequencies. The result is a quiet "microwave window" that enables efficient wireless communication.

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The velocity with which the objects move together after the collision is 5.604 m/s

State the the law of momentum conservation.

The following is an explanation of the law of momentum conservation.

The bullet and the block have the same speed after colliding, therefore we utilize momentum conservation and account for that.

mv1_i + Mv2_i = mv1_f + Mv2_f

Given values from the question,

Mass of bullet = m =25 g = 0.025 kg

Mass of wooden block = M = 35 kg

Initial speed of bullet = v1_i = 250 m/s

Putting the values in the momentum conservation equation,

mv1_i + 0 = (m + M) V

0.025 x 250 = (0.025 + 35) V

V = 35.025 / 6.25

   = 5.604 m/s

Hence,  the velocity with which the objects move together after the collision is 5.604 m/s

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Through the act of counting and calculating the energy of single photons emitted from elements, gamma ray detectors calculate electromagnetic radiation.

Gamma-ray detection is carried out photon-by-photon, just as X-ray detection. By observing the impact they have on materials, gamma rays can be found. A gamma ray can drive an electron to a higher level or collide with it and cause it to scatter like a pool cue (Compton scatter) (photoelectric ionization).

Protons are transformed into neutrons, positrons, and electron neutrinos as part of the proton-proton chain, which generates a significant amount of energy. The primary reaction in the majority of main-sequence stars, including the Sun, is the proton-proton chain. A nuclear fusion reaction, the proton-proton chain releases energy as the energy in the nuclear bonds diminishes. To counteract the protons' natural tendency to resist one another, smaller nuclei must have more energy.

An atom of the unstable isotope germanium-71 can be created when a neutrino interacts with a gallium-71 atom. The germanium was then concentrated and removed chemically. As a result, neutrinos were discovered by monitoring germanium's radioactive decay.

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The role of ATP and NADH in the model is that the ATP is used to synthesize NADH in one step of the chain.

ATP is an organic substance that supplies energy to several functions in living cells, including muscular contraction, nerve signal propagation, condensate dissolving, and chemical synthesis. ATP is the molecular unit of currency of intracellular energy transfer and is found in all known forms of life. When it is utilized in metabolic processes, it either changes to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) (AMP). Other processes recycle ATP. Every day, the human body recycles its own body weight equal in ATP. It is also a coenzyme and a precursor of DNA and RNA. So, ATP is used to synthesize NADH in one step of the chain.

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The range of the ball, given that it was thrown with a velocity of 18 m/s at an angle of 37 ° is 31.78 m

The range of the ball can be obtained by using the following formula:

R = u²Sine(2θ) / g

Where

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

The range of the ball can be obtained as follow:

R = u²Sine(2θ) / g

R = 18² × Sine (2×37) / 9.8

R = 31.78 m

Thus, the range of the ball is 31.78 m

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Option C is the sequence which correctly represents the displacement of the string as the pulses interfere. When a wave pulse encounters a free end then it reflects the same way as incident path which is depicted in option C.

Longitudinal waves are waves in which the medium is moved in the same direction as the wave's propagation. The wavelength determines the separation between the centres of two adjacent compression or rarefaction areas.

An object's position changes if it moves in relation to a reference frame, such as when a passenger moves to the back of an aeroplane or a lecturer moves to the right in relation to a whiteboard. Displacement describes this shift in location.

The amount of medication needed to replace 1 gramme of suppository base is known as the displacement value. Coca Butter or Theobroma oil is the most used foundation for suppository preparation. Suppositories are traditionally made in suppositories moulds, which typically accommodate 1 or 2 grammes of base.

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As light hits the retina, the first structure the light encounters is a rod or a cone is a false statement.

The layers of light-sensitive nerve tissue at the back of the eye that take in images and transmit them as electric signals to the brain via the optic nerve is termed as retina.

Electromagnetic radiation that can be seen by the human eye is known as light or visible light. Typically, visible light is characterized as having wavelengths between 400 and 700 nanometers, or 750 and 420 terahertz, or frequencies between the infrared and the ultraviolet.

Contrary to what might make sense, light has to pass through the ganglion cells first, through the bipolar cells, and finally strikes the rods and the cones.

Hence, as light hits the retina, the first structure the light encounters is a rod or a cone is a false statement.

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The relative age of the crater Copernicus is 800 million years.

Crater is nothing but a large bowl-shaped cavity in the ground or on a celestial object, typically one caused by an explosion or the impact of a meteorite.

Copernicus is a lunar impact crater located in eastern Oceanus Procellarum. It was named after the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus. It typifies craters that formed during the Copernican period in that it has a prominent ray system. It one of the most prominent craters on the Moon. It constitutes a classic example of a relatively young, well-preserved lunar impact crater.

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If the pencil falls from a perfectly vertical position while maintaining its angular acceleration, the time it takes for it to hit the ground is 0.4299s.

The passing time is calculated by dividing the distance by the speed. To find the distance, multiply the speed by the passage of time. The simplified form of these equations is s=d/t, where s stands for speed, d for distance, and t for time.

[Time = Distance Speed] is the formula for calculating time. Utilizing the formula [Distance = Speed Time], one can determine the distance.

The angular acceleration will be determined using Newton's second angular law. As follows:

τ = I α

ωr = I α

Here, the pencil's center is where the weight is placed, ,

sin 10 = r / (L/2)

Maker is the subject of the formula

r = L/2 sin 10

The moment of inertia at that point will be:

I = 1/3 M L²

(1/3 m L2) = mg L / 2 sin 10  

αf = 3/2g/Lsin 10

α  = [3/2 × 9.8] / [0.150 sin10]

α  = 17 rad/s²

The moment of inertia is then: The angle between the vertical and the ground is then:

θ = π / 2

t = √(2 π/2 α )

t = √(π / α )

t = √(π / 17)

t = √3.142 / 17

t = √0.1848

t = 0.4299s

The angle from the vertical to the ground will then be denoted as: As a result, the time it takes for the pencil to touch the ground is 0.4299 seconds.

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Magnitude of the resultant vector is 20.03.

A resultant vector is described as a single vector that has the same consequence as several other vectors taken together. To create the resulting  vector, two vectors facing the opposite direction are subtracted from one another. Here, the vector B is pointing in the opposite direction of the vector A, and the resulting vector is called R.

Resultant vector = [tex]\sqrt{A^2 + B^2 + 2AB cos\theta}[/tex]

Resultant vector = [tex]\sqrt{9.66^2 + 12^2 + 2(9.66)(12) cos45}[/tex]

Resultant vector = 20.03

Magnitude of the resultant vector is is 20.03.

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Using the concepts of light, we got that option b)Mort and Velma both observe that Mort is older than Velma is observed by Velma who is taken on a long trip into outer space, at a speed close to light speed.

Light or visible light is the electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by  human eye. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in  range of 400–700 nanometres (nm), corresponding to frequencies of 750–420 terahertz, between  infrared (with longer wavelengths) and the ultraviolet (with shorter wavelengths).

In physics, the term "light" may actually refer more broadly to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether the visible or not.[4][5] In this sense, gamma rays, X-rays, microwaves and the radio waves are also light. The primary properties of light are the intensity, propagation direction, frequency or the wavelength spectrum and polarization.

Hence, Mort and Velma are twins, born at the same time on Earth, when Velma is taken on a long trip into outer space, at a speed close to light speed, and returns to Earth, and when she returns, Mort and Velma both observe that Mort is older than Velma.

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When an object is placed on the surface of two planets that have the same mass but are very different in size, then the the object would experience a greater gravitational pull on the smaller planet.

What is the weight of an object and what is acceleration due to gravity?

Weight of an object:

        W = mg

Where;

The object's mass is m.

Gravitational acceleration, or g, is measured.

Acceleration due to gravity, g:

The square of the distance from the planet's core and the acceleration caused by gravity, or g, are inversely proportional. Likewise, if there were two planets with the same mass but different sizes. Take into account the fact that planet A's radius is smaller than planet B's radius. This implies that the planet A's g will be higher than the planet B's g. Since the object's mass is constant, the weight of the object on planet A will be higher than the weight of the object on planet B.

Hence, The object would experience a greater gravitational pull on the smaller planet.

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Angle 32rad turn during that time if the angular acceleration is constant.

What is acceleration?

acceleration, rate at which the velocity changes with time, in terms of both speed and the direction. A point or else it's an  object moving in a straighten line is accelerated if it is  speeds up or slows down. Motion on a circle is the accelerated even if the  speed is constant, because of  the direction is continually changing.

Sol-  In an uniformly accelerated circular motion, the angle traveled by the object is given by- ∆=wf+wo/2×t
Here  wf is the final angular speed.
It is the initial angular speed and t is the time of the motion. Replacing the given values-

∆= 12 rad/s + 4 rad/s /2 (4s)

∆= 32rad .

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Answer:

It accepts protons and only partially dissociates in water.

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