The kinetochore is the part of the centromere do mitotic spindle fibers attach during prometaphase.
How is the classification of chromosomes based on the location of the centromere?
Based on where the centromere is located, there are four different types of chromosomes.
Chromosomes with a centromere in the middle are referred to as metacentric chromosomes because they are divided into two equal arms.Sub-metacentric chromosome: A sub-metacentric chromosome is one in which the centromere is positioned somewhat outside of the middle region. Here, one arm is just a little bit longer than the other.Acrocentric chromosome: An acrocentric chromosome is one in which the centromere is found close to one of the terminal ends. One arm is incredibly long and the other is incredibly short in thisA chromosome is referred to as telocentric if its centromere is found at one of the terminal ends.What do centromeres do? Describe them in writing.Listed below are the functions of the centromere:
A chromatid is split into two arms by a region known as the centromere. The kinetochore is situated around the location of the duplicated chromosome in order to connect to the spindle fibers' microtubules. It facilitates correct chromosomal segregation.
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1. How do the heart, lungs, and red blood cells work together to give the muscles what they need?
2. What does your body do in order to help you get more oxygen when you're exercising?
3. What do you think happens to athletes (like the Denver Broncos) that train in areas with "thin" air that has less oxygen? What happens to their lungs, hearts, and red blood cells over time?
Answer:
Explanation:
One
The heart is like a functioning pump. It moves the blood around the body.
The red blood cells carry oxygen which is delivered to the vital organs of the body. Muscles need oxygen to function properly.
The lungs are like a giant sieve. They separate the oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Two
One of the things the body does is increase your heart rate while exercising. That means that the body receives more oxygen from the seive action of the lungs. In other words, your heart rate increases and red cell blood flow consequently increases.
Three
Interesting application. The heart rate will have to increase to get the same amount of oxygen as the heart rate would be at lower altitutes. There is less oxygen in the thin air in Denver Colorado than say Los Angeles California.
why is dark skin (a result of increased melanin production) likely a response to ultraviolet (uv) radiation? group of answer choices because uv radiation can damage stored vitamin d because uv radiation can damage stored folate because uv radiation can cause hypoxia because uv radiation can cause rickets
Dark skin (a result of increased melanin production) likely a response to ultraviolet (UV) radiation because UV radiation can cause Skin cancer.
Why does melanin production increase when UV exposure increases?This is due to an increase in melanin production through increased synthesis of -melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-Msh), which is mediated by Protein 53 (p53), in response to DNA damage produced by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (76).
Why is a person with a darker complexion more protected from the sun's UV rays?
Persons with naturally darker skin are less likely to get burnt than people with lighter complexion, as melanin helps to partially block off harmful UV rays. Your risk of developing skin cancer, including melanoma, is increased by sunburns.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that dark skin (a result of increased melanin production) likely a response to ultraviolet (UV) radiation because UV radiation can cause Skin cancer.
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What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
Using the statements below, place the steps of mitosis in the correct order.
ITS B ITS B ITS B ITS B ITS B
How is carbon dioxide transported around the body
easy explanation of what aklilu lemma institute of pathobiology does
Answer:
Briefly, the Institute carries out considerable research in tropical and infectious diseases and runs postgraduate programs that have been initiated according to its previous strategic plan. Currently, ALIPB has PhD and MSc students under the Tropical and Infectious Diseases programs.
Explanation:
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clomiphene citrate may be used to induce ovulation as a selective estrogen receptor modulator. early data also suggests that metformin is effective for ovulation induction in anovulatory women with pcos.
True, Early data also suggests that metformin is effective for ovulation induction in anovulatory women with pcos.
What is PCOS?
PCOS with full meaning "Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is a common disorder of the endocrine system that is diagnosed based on inclusion criteria of an ovulation or oligo–ovulation, presence of polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. From research, it has shown that many women with PCOS also have hyperinsulinemia, leading to over production of ovarian androgens. This has led to several studies on the use of the insulin–sensitizing agent metformin in inducing ovulation in women with PCOS. Metformin combined with the fertility drug clomiphene citrate (clomid) has shown to be more effective than the placebo in stimulating ovulation. While metformin has not yet gained the title of a first–line pharmacological agent for ovulation induction, research shows it has many benefits in PCOS treatment.
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The body needs glucose from carbohydrates for major organs and tissues. If dietary carbohydrates are inadequate, the body utilizes other sources to provide energy. What is the only source that can not be used to directly make glucose?.
Fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids are the only sources that can not be used to directly make glucose.
The production of glucose is not possible using fatty acids or ketogenic amino acids. As acetyl-CoA cannot be transformed back to pyruvate due to the one-way nature of the transition reaction, it cannot be used as a fuel. As a result, because beta-oxidation results in the production of acetyl-CoA, fatty acids cannot be used to create glucose.
Both the kidneys and the liver engage in glucose synthesis. The diabetes-causing hormones promote the synthesis of glucose (glucagon, growth hormone, epinephrine, and cortisol).
Examples of gluconeogenic substrates include glycerol, lactate, propionate, and a few amino acids. The dicarboxylic acid shuttle moves hydrocarbons from pyruvate to PEP during the gluconeogenesis pathway.
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Stack of membranes in which enzymes attach
carbohydrates and lipids to proteins.
What is that organelle called?
Answer:
Golgi apparatus
Explanation:
Stack of membranes which contains enzymes that attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins. lysosome. small membranous sac filled with enzymes used to break down breakdown matter or old cells!
he primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to a. combine with carbon, forming co2 b. yield energy in the form of atp as it is passed down the respiratory chain c. catalyze the reactions of glycolysis d. act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water
The main function of oxygen in cellular respiration is to serve as an acceptor for hydrogen and electrons to produce water.
The electron is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of one elementary charge less than positive. It is represented by the symbol eor. Given that they have no known components or substructure and are a member of the first generation of lepton particles, electrons are typically regarded as elementary particles. Approximately 1/1836th of a proton's mass is that of an electron. An intrinsic half-integer value angular momentum (spin) with units of the decreased Planck constant,, is one of the electron's quantum mechanical properties. The Pauli exclusion principle states that since electrons are fermions, they can never share the same quantum state. Electrons, like all elementary particles, have the ability to interact with other particles and behave like waves when they are diffracted, similar to how light does.
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through dedicated training, the speed or level of effort coinciding with a person’s lactate threshold improves. within the skeletal muscle cell, what changes might have occurred to permit this improved lactate threshold, resulting in less lactate spilling out into the blood?
During intense, all-out exertion, there is a point known as the lactate threshold at which lactate accumulates in the bloodstream more quickly than the body can eliminate it.
A level of effort or work at which more lactate is generated in cells than can be used. Anaerobic glycolysis, which takes place in anoxic settings, is the only process that can make up the deficit. You can raise your lactate threshold by running intervals. Interval training involves frequently exceeding your lactate threshold while jogging a predetermined distance at your highest speed, followed by a recovery pause.
For instance, you might decide to sprint 400 metres around a track. Once your run has lasted ten minutes, check your heart rate. Run on for another 30 minutes, then stop and take your heart rate. To calculate the average, add your heart rate at 10 minutes and at 30 minutes, then divide by 2. This is a rough estimation of your heart rate at lactate threshold.
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Describe the climate changes that are happening in the world in our time, and name some of the causes of climate change. Tell which of these causes come from human activity and which of them are from natural sources. From your personal perspective, describe one positive and one negative aspect of climate change. (10 points)
climate change is the a shift in an area's typical weather patterns. Climate change is a result of a variety of natural and anthropogenic (caused by humans) processes. Although climate change has always occurred on Earth, as is shown from the geological record, it is the current rate and severity that are causing so much anxiety on a global scale. The atmosphere's greenhouse gases trap heat radiation.
Causes of climate change
Human activity can be seen a major cause of climate change because of the greenhouse gas emissions we produce, humans are mostly to blame for climate change. As heat from the sun travels through Earth's atmosphere, greenhouse gases capture it.
Naturally a volcanic eruption is commonly known to alters the climate due to volcanic activity leading to climate change
From my perspective major benefit of climate change include lower energy demand for heating and crop fertilization with carbon dioxide, while the negative effect can be seen as increased temperature because of an increase in atmospheric gases caused by industrial activities
Conclusively Climate change can affect our health, ability to grow food, housing, safety and work.
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what is A cell created by cloning is genetically
Answer: Identical copy
Explanation:
cloning, the process of generating a genetically identical copy of a cell or an organism. Cloning happens often in nature—for example, when a cell replicates itself asexually without any genetic alteration or recombination. Prokaryotic organisms (organisms lacking a cell nucleus) such as bacteria create genetically identical duplicates of themselves using binary fission or budding.
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When growing living cells in test tubes, biologists are very careful to use a solution known as Ringer's solution. Why is it important that Ringer's solution has a salt concentration. on h exactly equal to body and cellular fluids?
Ringer's solution has a salt concentration exactly equal to body and cellular fluids in order to provide isotonicity to the living cells.
What is Ringer's solution ?Ringer's solution is a mixture of several salts dissolved in water to produce an isotonic solution similar to an animal's bodily fluids. Typically, Ringer's solution includes sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and sodium chloride, with the last two being used to balance the pH.
For bacteria, ringer solution keeps the osmotic equilibrium in check. It is used to prepare samples and other biological stuff for suspension in dilution techniques for counting. Additionally, it is utilized in the rinse arnd swab method of microbiological management of equipment.
Hence, Ringer's solution is the most preferred solution to provide isotonicity.
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Answer:
Explanation:
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Each of the reactants, glucose and oxygen, is used during different stages of cellular respiration. Explain.
Answer:here are three main steps of cellular respiration: glycolysis; the citric acid (TCA) or the Krebs cycle; and the electron transport chain, where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. The TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation require oxygen, while glycolysis can occur in anaerobic conditions.
Glycolysis is the initial breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, a three carbon structure, in the cytoplasm. The pyruvate then moves into the mitochondrial matrix where a transition step called pyruvate oxidation takes place. In this process, pyruvate dehydrogenase converts the three-carbon pyruvate to the two-carbon acetyl-CoA. The TCA cycle begins when acetyl-CoA combines with a four-carbon oxaloacetate in order to form the six-carbon citrate. Because each molecule of glucose produces 2 pyruvate molecules, it takes two turns through the Krebs cycle to completely break down the original glucose.
Finally, the electron transport chain is a series of redox reactions powered by high energy electrons that pumps protons across the membrane, creating a proton gradient. Together, an electrochemical gradient is created. At the end of the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor, O2, combines with protons to produce water (H2O). Meanwhile, ATP synthase uses the movement of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix for ATP synthesis.
Explanation:
If the two characteristics that mendel looked at in his dihybrid cross of smooth yellow peas with wrinkled green peas had been controlled by genes that were located close together on the same chromosome, then the f2 generation __________.
If the two characteristics that Mendel looked at in his dihybrid cross of smooth yellow peas with wrinkled green peas had been controlled by genes that were located close together on the same chromosome, then the F2 generation Would have deviated from the 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio. The correct answer is option(d).
The F2 generation's phenotype would have differed from the expected 9:3:3:1 pattern if two genes were linked together on the same chromosome. Two genes are considered to be related if their loci are near to one another on the same chromosome. Genes that are connected recombinant more frequently than unlinked genes.
Two F1 people were crossed to produce the F2 generation (from the F1 generation). A 3:1 ratio was observed as a result of Gregor Mendel's tests across three generations (i.e. for every three purple-flower-bearing plants there would be one white-flower-bearing plant).
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The complete question is:
If the two traits that Mendel looked at in his dihybrid cross of smooth yellow peas with wrinkled green peas had been controlled by genes that were located near each other on the same chromosome, then the F2 generation __________.
a.Would have contained four phenotypes in a 9:3:3:1 ratio
b.Would have contained only individuals that were heterozygous at both loci.
c.Would have deviated from the 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio
d.Would have contained no individuals that were heterozygous at both loci
Fill in either the missing name of the system the main parts of the body that make up the system or the systems functions
Answer: Hope this helps!
Explanation:
The main human body systems consist of:
Brain and Nervous System
Heart and Circulatory System
Lungs and Respiratory System
Digestive System
Reproductive System
Immune System
Skeletal Structure
Muscular System
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if you were working in a cave and discovered an unusual carnivorous plant, what might this plant lack at the cellular level yet still be able to survive by using carnivory? * 4 points a. e r b. nucleus c. mitochondrion d. chloroplast e. peroxisome
The unknow carnivorous plant discovered in the cave is lack of chloroplast at the cellular level to survive by using carnivory.
What is Carnivorous Plant?Carnivorous plants, often known as insectivorous plants, are any plants that have evolved unique pitfalls and traps for the purpose of trapping and digesting insects and other animals. Across multiple families and orders, carnivory in plants has independently evolved roughly six times. The more than 600 species of known carnivorous plants are a tremendously diverse group with, in some cases, only their carnivorous behavior in common.
The most peculiar adaptations of any plant species to low-nutrient settings are those of carnivorous ones. These plants capture and consume numerous invertebrates, and sporadically even small frogs and animals, in order to gain some nutrition. Some people refer to carnivorous plants as being "insectivorous" since one of their most popular prey items is insects.
It is not unexpected that bogs and fens, where nutrient concentrations are low yet water and sunlight are abundant during specific seasons, are the most prevalent habitat for these plants. One bog has had up to thirteen different species of carnivorous plants (Folkerts, 1982). Through their roots, the majority of plants take up nitrogen from the soil. However, plants that feed on animals use leaves that have been particularly adapted to act as traps to capture the nitrogen from their prey.
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I need help with this practice In your own words, give a general description of the species: Blue Jay Please,(If you use any words that are not your own, please reword it to your own words) as I would like you to explain it
The Cyanocytta crystal commonly known as a Blue jay is native of eastern North America, it lives in deciduous and coniferous forests, though can be found in certain urban areas. It feeds mostly on seeds, sometimes even stockpile generating seed banks, or on rare occasions can feed on small invertebrates and vertebrates si can be considered as mainly a primary consumer.
Long-term goals cannot be accomplished immediately. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f
It takes a long time to achieve long-term goals because they cannot be accomplished right away.
Those things you want to accomplish in the future are called long-term goals. These objectives necessitate extensive preparation and meticulous planning. Throughout the timeline, they frequently consist of multiple smaller or short-term goals. Although the measure of long-term goals is relative, achieving them frequently takes several years. Our health, our career, our education, and our relationship are all examples of long-term objectives.
A goal that is specific, measurable, doable, realistic, and has a time frame is the best example of a long-term goal. A good long-term goal, for instance, might be to learn a new language within two years or lose 50 kilograms in the next three years. In the end, each person has their own individual long-term goals.
(complete question)
Long-term goals cannot be accomplished immediately. please select the best answer from the choices provided
a. True
b. False
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2. Explain how the arrangement of the four chemicals that make up DNA determine how you as a human are different from a zebra.
DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary material in humans and other organisms. Four chemical bases are : adenine , guanine , cytosine , and thymine.
The information in the DNA is stored as a code that is build of four chemical bases: adenine , guanine , cytosine , and thymine. Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases. The sequence bases gives the information available for building an organism. DNA bases pair up with each other like, A with T and C with G. They form base pairs. Each base is linked to a sugar and a phosphate molecule. A base, sugar, and phosphate combined together are called a nucleotide. Nucleotides are arranged in two strands in the spiral form called double helix
The complete set of information in DNA of an organism is called genome. It carries the information for all the proteins the organism will synthesize.
One of the key property of DNA is that it can replicate.
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How does nondisjunction in human female gametes give rise to klinefelter and turner syndrome offspring following fertilization by a normal male gamete?.
Ovarian cells with nondisjunction either have two X chromosomes or none. When the former is fertilized by a sperm that contains Y, it causes Klinefelter syndrome, and when the latter is fertilized by a sperm that has X, it causes Turner syndrome.
Nondisjunction occurs when homologous chromosomes fail to properly separate during meiosis. As a result, gametes that have more or fewer chromosomes than typical ones are produced. As a result, the person may grow a trisomal or monosomal syndrome. Both Meiosis I and Meiosis II of the cellular division might result in non-disjunction. Many aberrant medical diseases, such as Down's syndrome, Patau's syndrome, Edward's syndrome, and Turner's syndrome, are caused by it. Many genetic problems are also primarily caused by it, but its exact origin and mechanism are yet unknown. Both paternal and maternal meiosis I have an impact on it, even though maternal meiosis II mistakes cause it in the majority of cases.
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Paul has brown eyes, a dominant trait, and his wife Emily has blue e trait. Paul and Emily's daughter has blue eyes. How is this possible?
It is possible that Paul and Emily's daughter has blue eyes because the genotype of their daughter is Bb*Bb.
Brown eyes are caused by the dominant gene B. Therefore, both parents must pass on the recessive allele for the progeny to have blue eyes. This indicates that parents with brown eyes must be heterozygous.
The couple's genotype is Bb x Bb since only this combination can result in kids with a 25% chance of carrying the bb gene, which causes blue eyes.
What is genotype?An organism's genotype is made up of all of its genetic components. The alleles or variations that an individual carries in a specific gene or genetic region are also referred to as the genotype.
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Two models of cells are shown belowywood model B be better for moung nutrients andout of the calBAChoiceAIt has a smaller surface area.B.It has a smaller ratio of surface area to volume.С.It has a larger volume.D.It has a larger ratio of surface area to volume.
Model B would be better for nutrient exchange because it has a larger ratio of surface area to volume. This measure allows a larger area of contact with the extracellular space, and therefore a more efficient nutrient exchange mechanism relative to total cell volume.
rank the five levels of structural features of dna. start at the top with the most complex (or largest), and end at the bottom with the least complex (or smallest).
The rank the five levels of structural features of DNA from the start at the top with the most complex (or largest), and end at the bottom with the least complex (or smallest) are in order of B, E, D, C and A
b. Genomee. Chromosomed. Double helixc. DNA stranda. NucleotideWhat are the structural features of DNA?Two lengthy polynucleotide chains made up of four different kinds of nucleotide subunits make up a DNA molecule. The term "DNA chain" or "DNA strand" refers to each of these chains. The two chains are joined by hydrogen bonds between the bases of the nucleotides.
Note that ach DNA strand is a polynucleotide made up of nucleotide-like building blocks. A sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base make up a nucleotide. Deoxyribose is the name of the sugar found in DNA's nucleotides.
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See options below
Rank the five levels of structural features of DNA from the most complex at the top to the least complex at the bottom
a. Nucleotide
b. Genome
c. DNA strand
d. Double helix
e. Chromosome
How do prokaryotic cells vary? A in their ability to move B all are true C in cell shape D in cell wall composition
Prokaryotic cells vary in cell wall composition. The correct option is D.
How do prokaryotic cells differ?Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ from one another in a number of significant ways. These distinctions include structural variance, such as whether a nucleus is present or missing, and molecular variation, such as whether the DNA is in a circular or linear shape.
Which are characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?The nuclear membrane is absent. Lysosomes, chloroplasts, Golgi bodies, and mitochondria are not present. One chromosome contains all of the genetic material. They are deficient in the histone proteins, which are crucial parts of eukaryotic chromosomes. An exterior layer called a plasma membrane divides the interior of a cell from its surroundings.
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Describe the type of fracture sustained by Julie’s opponent. What types of fractures could Julie have suffered what other type of injuries could she have received?
Answer:1. Describe the type of fracture sustained by Julie's opponent. What types of frac- tures could Julie have suffered? What other type of injuries could she have ...
Explanation:
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5. Explain why you think two thin blankets can sometimes be warmer than one thick blanket. [2 marks]
Answer:
Two thin blankets usually warmer than one thick blanket because air is trapped between them.
T or F :
decomposers utilize and recycle the lost energy in an ecosystem by breaking down dead organisms at any trophic level and their wastes
True, decomposers utilize and recycle the lost energy in an ecosystem by breaking down dead organisms at any trophic level and their wastes.
Decomposers are essential to an ecosystem's ability to transfer energy. They disassemble decomposing organisms into more straightforward inorganic components, releasing nutrients for use by primary producers.
Biomass is cycled back into the food chain by decomposers who transform it into carbon dioxide and nutrients. This process results in the release of heat as energy.
In aquatic habitats, the matter is recycled back to the water while in terrestrial situations, decomposers return nutrients from a dead plant or animal waste to the soil.
Decomposers convert decaying and dead animals into minerals. These minerals combine with the soil and are subsequently utilized by plants.
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Can someone answer these?
Water in the chloroplast acts as a reducing agent which provides H⁺ ions that convert NADP to NADPH which is then utilized in Krebs cycle. NADPH is an important reducing agent present in chloroplasts.
What is Photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process by which plants prepare their own food with the help of sunlight which is trapped in the chlorophyll molecules present in the chloroplast. Chloroplast contains different pigments which include chlorophyll a, b, and accessory pigments.
Chlorophyll b absorbs mostly the blue and yellow colored light with less intensity. This reflects green-colored light which makes the plant look green.
Anthocyanin is an accessory pigment. These are water-soluble vacuole pigments which looks red, purple, blue, or black depending on the pH.
Chlorophyll a has the maximal absorption in the red light region with 642 nm and in the blue region with 372 nm. Whereas, chlorophyll b has the absorption maximum values 626 nm and 392 nm, respectively.
The leaf with the green color will show the lowest amount of starch in it. This is because plants absorb blue and red light more than the green light which will affect the photosynthesis rate. Therefore, less amount of starch is produced.
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