In order to create sets of comparable orbitals that are correctly orientated to form bonds, the localised valence bonding theory employs a mathematical process known as hybridization.
hybridization combines atomic orbitals that are same in energy but not equal. Because these new combinations are made by combining (hybridising) two or more atomic orbitals from the same atom, they are known as hybrid atomic orbitals. The 2s orbital of beryllium and any one of the three degenerate 2p orbitals can be combined to create two equivalent orbitals in BeH2. Using the difference and total of the Be 2s and 2pz atomic orbitals.
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how does the mass of the products of a nuclear fusion reaction compare to the mass of the original elements?
The mass of the products element of a nuclear fusion reaction is more than the mass of the original elements.
H2+H2= He
Nuclear fusion is the process by which light elements interact to create heavier elements (up to iron). Significant amounts of energy are released when interacting nuclei from low atomic number elements, like hydrogen (atomic number 1) or its isotopes deuterium and tritium, are involved. Thermonuclear weapons, also known as hydrogen bombs, were created in the decade immediately following World War II and were the first to use the vast energy potential of nuclear fusion. See nuclear weapon for a thorough history of this development. Meanwhile, there has been a significant push to harness nuclear fusion for the generation of power due to the potential peaceful applications of the process and the virtually infinite supply of fusion fuel on Earth.
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the surfaces of a dewar flask are silvered for the purpose of minimizing heat transfer by what process?
Radiative heat transfer through the glass is reduced by the silvering. The vacuum flask was created in 1892 by James Dewar.
By what method are the surfaces of a thermos container silvered to reduce heat transfer?Because of the vacuum between its double walls and the inner bottle's silver coating, heat cannot move through the inner bottle by convection. Conduction cannot transfer heat into or out of the flask due to the thickness of the glass walls.
How may heat transfer be reduced with a thermos flask?Using using a vacuum area between the outer and inner vessels and a few heat-insulating supporters to support the inner container, it is possible to completely stop heat loss by this method.
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What is the difference between the rate law and the equilibrium constant? How do you use them to express the relationship between the concentrations of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction?
Answer:The rate law and the equilibrium constant are two ways to describe the relationship between the concentrations of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
The rate law is an equation that describes how the rate of a chemical reaction depends on the concentrations of the reactants. It is typically expressed in the form rate = k[A]^m[B]^n, where k is the rate constant, [A] and [B] are the concentrations of the reactants, and m and n are the exponents that describe how the rate of the reaction changes with the concentration of the reactants. The rate law can be used to predict how the rate of a reaction will change if the concentrations of the reactants are changed.
The equilibrium constant (K) is a value that describes the relative concentrations of the reactants and products at equilibrium, the point at which the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. The equilibrium constant is typically expressed in the form K = [C]^c[D]^d / [A]^a[B]^b, where [C] and [D] are the concentrations of the products and [A] and [B] are the concentrations of the reactants. The exponents a, b, c, and d are the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and products in the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. The value of the equilibrium constant can be used to predict the direction in which a reaction will shift if the concentrations of the reactants and products are changed.
Explanation:
Which of the following best explains why atomic radius decreases from left to right across a period?
Atomic radius decreases because the effective nuclear charge increases. Option C
What is the atomic radius?We know that the atomic radius can be defined as the measured distance between the nucleus and the electrons that lies far outside in the outermost shell of the atom.
We know that the atomic radius is one of the periodic properties that we have in the atom. It is a periodic property that decereases across the period but increases adown the group.
As we add more protons to the nucleus of the atom, the attractive forces would increase and the atomic radius would now tend to decrease across the period for the atoms of elements.
Thus, the greater the effective nuclear charge that we have in the atom, the lesser the atomic radius of the atom.
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In Chemistry class, students have been discussing the differences between physical and chemical changes.
The students carried out several procedures and recorded their observations. The students determined that
one of the procedures is an example of a physical change, but not a chemical change.
Which of the following tests conducted shows a physical change?
A A colorless liquid changes to blue when another solution is added.
B Two clear liquids are combined, and the beaker becomes cloudy.
A cube of metal aluminum is flattened to create aluminum foil.
D Two clear liquids are combined, and the beaker becomes hot.
C
The option that shows a physical change would be a cube of aluminum metal being flattened to create aluminum foil. Option C.
What are physical changes?In chemistry, physical changes refer to reactions that only alter the physical properties of substances and not their chemical properties.
It is opposed to chemical changes which are changes that alter the chemical properties of substances, often along with their physical properties.
The changes to the color of a liquid when another liquid is added is a chemical change because the original color may not be recoverable.
The combination of two clear liquids resulting in a cloudy solution is a chemical change. So also is the combination of two clear liquids resulting in the beaker becoming hot.
The only physical change is the flattening of an aluminum cube to create aluminum foil. The chemical properties of the aluminum remain intact.
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how would you change the concentrations of the solutions at each electrode in the voltaic cell below in order to increase the cell potential
The potential of the cell helps to evaluate the voltage difference between two half-cells.
Changing the concentration of one solution in the cell will increase the voltage potential of the cell because putting the system further out of equilibrium.
A chemical reaction is affected by three main variables mainly temperature, surface area, and concentration. In an electrochemical cell, the higher concentration allows the increase in voltage difference.
The higher concentration of reactant moves the reaction in the forward direction to react at a higher pace, and as a result, higher voltage is observed.
A concentration cell acts to dilute the more concentrated solution and concentrate the more dilute solution, creating a voltage as the cell reaches an equilibrium.
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for a new element, 61.74% is an isotope with mass 281.5 amu, 2.52% is an isotope with mass 283.5 amu, and 35.74% is an isotope with mass 284.5 amu. calculate the average atomic mass of this new element.
When the definition of atomic mass, isotopes, and average atomic mass of an element are kept in mind, the average mass of the metal is 20. 2. Exactly how does atomic mass mean?
The atomic mass of an element is its average atomic mass given in number of atoms (amu, also known as daltons, D). The atomic mass of a particular element is its arithmetic mean across all of its isotopes.
What does atomic mass look like?
An average atomic value is a number that is the only mass of an isotope of carbon-12. The carbon-12 reference standard is used to represent the mass of any isotope of any element. For illustration, the weight of an atom of information as appropriate is 4.0026 amu.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. of the following, only ________ is a valid unit for reaction rate.
Every item in motion contains kinetic energy, which is equal to 1 / 2 mv 2, where m is the object's mass and v is its speed. The electromagnetics equation is (6 10 - 19 C).
Electron velocity (V) = 1/(mqv2) An electron's energy is 0 while it is infinitely far from the nucleus, but as it approaches closer, it is bounded from the nucleus and its energy changes to negative. Energy increases to a bigger negative value as the distance decreases because it is inversely proportional to equation. The speed of an electron in the ground state of a hydrogen atom is 1 137 times faster than the speed of light.
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hydrochlorofluorocarbons (hcfcs) have a complex effect on global warming. explain the effect that hcfcs have on radiative forcing.
CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs take in infra-pink radiation and therefore are greenhouse gases which can exert a further radiative forcing that has a tendency to heat the climate.
HFCs are mighty greenhouse gases that may be masses to hundreds of instances stronger than carbon dioxide (CO2) in contributing to weather alternate in line with unit of mass. They do not virtually purpose any harm locally. So in contrast to particulate count or nitrogen oxides, they do not damage human beings uncovered to them and respiratory them in. What they do damage, however, is the ozone layer. HFCs are a greenhouse gas, and so emitting them contributes to global warming.
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identify the major product that is expected when nitrobenzene is treated with br2 in the presence of catalytic albr3 and heat.
The major product formed when nitrobenzene is treated with br2 in the presence of AlBr3 and heat is m - Bromo nitrobenzene.
Nitrobenzene reacts with Br2 in the presence of AlBr3 to give m-Bromo nitrobenzene as the major product. The σ-complex formed by the attack of Br+ at the meta position is the least destabilized and the most stable among the three σ-complexes. Hence, the nitro group acts as meta directing group. It deactivates the ring.
This is an electrophilic substitution reaction. It takes place in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is aluminum chloride. Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces a functional group in a compound.
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xx grams of water were added to 80 grams of a strong solution of acid. if as a result, the concentration of acid in the solution became 1y1y times of the initial concentration, what was the concentration of acid in the original solution? (1) x
The concentration of acid in the original solution is equal to (80/ (xxx + 80)) * (1/1y1y).
What is concentration?Concentration is the ability to focus one's attention on a particular task or activity. It involves the ability to block out distractions and other stimuli in order to concentrate on the task at hand. Concentration requires mental effort and discipline, and it is an essential skill for success in many areas of life. It is particularly important in education, as it helps students to stay focused and retain information. Concentration can also be beneficial for athletes, allowing them to stay focused and in the zone during competition. Finally, it is important for anyone attempting to achieve any sort of goal, as it helps to stay focused and motivated in order to reach that goal.
The concentration of acid in the original solution can be calculated using the following formula:
Concentration = (Mass of Acid/Total Volume of Solution)
Given that 80g of acid was added to the solution, and the resulting concentration of acid is 1y1y times stronger, we can calculate the initial concentration of acid.
Original Concentration = (80 g/80 g + xxx g) * (1/1y1y)
Original Concentration = (80 g/ (80 + xxx)) * (1/1y1y)
Original Concentration = (80/ (80 + xxx)) * (1/1y1y)
Original Concentration = (80/ (xxx + 80)) * (1/1y1y)
Therefore, the concentration of acid in the original solution is equal to (80/ (xxx + 80)) * (1/1y1y).
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The picture below shows the snowfall during a snowstorm in New England in 1983.
A. the climate of New England, because it shows the precipitation over a few days
B. the climate of New England, because it shows the precipitation over many decades
C. weather conditions in New England, because it shows the precipitation over a few days
D. weather conditions in New England, because it shows the precipitation over many decades
The picture given shows the weather of New England, because it shows the precipitation over a few days.
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Climate describes how the weather is in a certain location over a long period of time as opposed to weather, which refers to short-term changes in the atmosphere.
The average of the weather is the climate. As an illustration, you can anticipate snow in the Northeast in January or hot and muggy weather in the Southeast in July. Climate is this. Extreme values, such as record-breaking high temperatures or heavy rainfall, are also part of the climatic record.
The map only shows precipitations only for 2 days hence it is depicting the weather conditions.
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Arrange the organic compounds from most soluble in water to least soluble in water: Most soluble in water Least = soluble in water...
Alcohol is more soluble in water than ether. And CH4 is non polar. So, CH4 will be almost insoluble water.
CH3OH - most soluble
CH3-O-CH3 - second
CH4 - least soluble.
Solubility is defined as the maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a specified amount of solvent at a specified temperature. Solubility is a characteristic property of a particular solute/solvent combination, and different substances have very different solubilities.
Solubility can be expressed in grams of solute in one liter of saturated solution. For example, the solubility in water at 25 oC is 12 g/L. Molar solubility is the number of moles of solute per liter of saturated solution. For example, 0.115 mol/L at 25 oC
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A certain weak acid, HA , with a Ka value of 5.61×10−6 , is titrated with NaOH .Part A: A solution is made by titrating 8.00 mmol (millimoles) of HA and 2.00 mmol of the strong base. What is the resulting pH?Part B: More strong base is added until the equivalence point is reached. What is the pH of this solution at the equivalence point if the total volume is 71.0 mL ?Express the pH numerically to two decimal places.
Part A : pH = 4.77 when a solution is made by titrating 8.00 mmol (millimoles) of HA and 2.00 mmol of the strong base. Part B : pH = 9.15 if More strong base is added until the equivalence point is reached in solution of total volume 71.0mL.
Part A :
Ka value of 5.61 x 10 -6
pKa = -log Ka = 5.25
And the reaction:
HA + OH- = A- + H0
excess millimoles HA = 8.00 - 2.00 = 6.00
mmol A- formation = 2.00
pH = 5.25 + log 2.00/6.00
=5.25 + log 0.333
=4.77
Part B:
A- millimoles formed at the equivalence point = 8.00 => 8.00 x 10^-3 mol
[A-]= 8.00 x 10^-3 mol/ 0.0710 L=0.113 M
A- + H0 <=> HA + OH-
Kb = Kw/Ka = 1.0 x 10^-14 / 5.61 x 10^-6 = x^2/ 0.113-x
1.78*10^-9 = x^2/0.113-x
Due to the small value of Kb, we can write 0.113-x = 0.113.
1.78*10^-9 = x^2/0.113
X = 1.42*10^-5
x = [OH-] = 1.42 x 10^-5M
pOH = -log[OH-] = 4.85
and pH + pOH = 14
Therefore pH = 14-4.85
pH = 9.15
Equivalence point is the titration point where the amount of titrant added is just sufficient to completely neutralize the sample solution. At the equivalence point in an acid-base titration, moles of base = moles of acid, and the solution contains only salt and water. Diagram of equivalence points.
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if a radiometric analysis of an isotope and its stable element yielded 50% of each, how many half-lives would have occurred? a. 5 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2 e. 1
The half-lives that have occurred if a radiometric analysis of an isotope and its stable element yielded 50% is 1. Hence, the option E is correct.
The half-life of a chemical reaction can be described as the time taken for the concentration of a given reactant to reach 50% of its initial concentration (i.e. the time taken for the reactant concentration to reach half of its initial value). Half-live of a reaction is denoted by the symbol 't(1/2)' and is usually expressed in seconds.
Radiometric analysis is one of the oldest methods used for the quantitation of drug molecules. Radiometric analysis generally involves quantitation of radiation from beta-emitting radioactive isotopes such as ¹⁴C, ³H or ³²P.
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10. sodium tripolyphosphate, na5p3o10, is added to detergents to increase their cleaning power. calculate the number of phosphorus atoms in 0.325 moles of this compound.
There are approximately 0.975 phosphorus atoms in 0.325 moles of sodium tripolyphosphate.
A phosphorus atom is a type of atom that is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. It is one of the chemical elements and is represented by the symbol "P" on the periodic table. Phosphorus is a member of the nitrogen group and is a nonmetal. It is a highly reactive element and is found in several different forms, including white phosphorus, red phosphorus, and black phosphorus.
To calculate the number of phosphorus atoms in 0.325 moles of sodium tripolyphosphate, you need to know the formula for the compound. The formula for sodium tripolyphosphate is Na5P3O10.
Each molecule of sodium tripolyphosphate contains 3 phosphorus atoms. To find the number of phosphorus atoms in 0.325 moles of the compound, you need to multiply the number of phosphorus atoms per mole (3) by the number of moles you have (0.325).
The number of phosphorus atoms in 0.325 moles of sodium tripolyphosphate is:
3 phosphorus atoms/mole * 0.325 moles = 0.975 phosphorus atoms
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A particle ‘A’ of mass of 2.0 kg has charge 1.2 μC deposited on it. Determine the ratio of electric and gravitational force between ‘A’ and ‘B’ if mass of ‘B’ is 1.5 kg and charge on it is 0.92 μC. distance between particle ‘A’ and ‘B’ is 4.8 m.
Answer: The correct answer is 4.956 * 10^7.
Explanation:
For Electrostatic force,
Given qA =1.2 × 10∧-6 C (Since 1 micron = 10∧-6)
qB=0.92 ×10∧-6 C Since 1 micron = 10∧-6)
r = 4.8m
Electrostatic force = (K×qA×qB)÷r∧2 where K is Coulomb's constant or electrostatic constant =8.98755×10∧9
Therefore Electrostatic energy =(8.98755×10∧9×1.2×0.92×10∧-12)÷4.8∧2
=0.00043065 N ················ eq1
Now for Gravitational force,
mA=2Kg ,mB=1.5Kg ,r=4.8m,G is Gravitational constant =6.67408 × 10-11 N m2 kg-2
Gravitational force=(G×mA×mB)÷r∧-2
=(6.67408 × 10-11 ×2×1.5)÷4.8∧-2
=0.869021875 ×10∧-11 N...............eq2
Ratio of electric and gravitational force between ‘A’ and ‘B’ = eq1÷eq2
=49555714.5785
Electrostatic force occurs due to interaction either between like charges that is either between positive-positive or negative negative charges or between unlike charges like positive-negative. Its strength depends on the charges and the distance between the charges which decreases as the distance increases.
Gravitational force occurs due to the fact every particle attracts each and every other particle in the universe. Its strength depends on the mass and the distance between the particles which decreases as the distance increases.
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citrate and oxalate are usually added to embalming fluids to act as question 90 options: a) surfactants b) buffers c) preservatives d) vehicles
Option (c) is correct. Citrate and oxalate are usually added to embalming fluids to act as Preservatives.
A Preservative is defined as a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food products, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, wood, and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. preservation is implemented in two modes, chemical and physical. Chemical preservation entails adding chemical compounds to the product. Physical preservation involves the processes such as refrigeration or drying. Preservatives are of various types that are suited to certain products and are effective against specific chemical changes.
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when phenol is prepared industrially in a process that involves the formation and oxidation of cumene, what industrially important by-product is formed?
When phenol is prepared industrially in the process that involves the formation and oxidation of cumene, then industrially important by-product acetone is formed.
What by product is formed in the process that involves the formation and oxidation of cumene?When oxidation of cumene takes place in the presence of air, cumene hydroperoxide is obtained. Phenols are obtained on further treatment of cumene hydroperoxide with dilute acid, Acetone is produced as one of the by-products of this reaction.
The process of acidifying sodium salt results in phenol. A diazonium salt is created by reacting an aromatic primary amine with nitrous acid (NaNO2 + HCl) at 273-278 K. By heating diazonium salts in water or subjecting them to weak acids, phenols are produced as a byproduct.
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the decay rate for a radioactive isotope is 5.4 percent per year. find the half-life of the isotope.
The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the amount of time it takes for half of the atoms in a sample to decay.
What is radioactive isotope?A radioactive isotope is an unstable form of an element that emits radiation as it decays. It is produced when a neutron is added to the nucleus of an atom, making it unstable and prone to radioactive decay. Radioactive isotopes are used in a variety of medical, scientific and industrial applications. In medicine, they are used to diagnose and treat diseases, while in industry they are used to detect flaws in materials. In scientific research, they are used to measure age and composition of materials.
Therefore, the half-life of this isotope is 12.75 years, since it takes 5.4 percent of the atoms in a sample to decay per year. This means that if we start with a sample of 100 atoms, after 12.75 years, only 50 atoms would remain in the sample. After 25.5 years, only 25 atoms would remain, and so on. This can be calculated by taking the natural log of 2 and dividing it by the decay rate of the isotope, which in this case is 5.4%.
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a glass vessel fitted with a stopcock has a mass of 337.428g when evacuated completely. when filled with ar, it has a mass of 339.854g. when evacuated and refilled with a mixture of ne and ar (under the same conditions of temp and pressure), it has a mass of 339.076g. calculate the mole fraction of ne in the mixture
a glass vessel fitted with a stopcock has a mass of 337.428g when evacuated completely. when filled with ar, it has a mass of 339.854g. when evacuated and refilled with a mixture of ne and ar. the mole fraction of ne in the mixture is 64,8%
You filled the first run with m = 339.854g - 337.428g = 2.426g of pure Argon. which is equivalent to N = m / M(Ar) = 2.426g / 39.948g/mol = 0.06073 mol. Assume the gas in the vessel behaves perfectly. The amount in the vessel is then given by: N = pV / (RT) and is independent of the type of gas. If you fill the vessel with the same mixture of N(Ne) moles of Neon and N(Ar) moles of Argon as in the first run, the total number of moles will be the same: N = 0.06073 mol N(Ne) + N(Ar) = N. The total mass of gas is calculated as: N(Ne) M(Ne) + N(Ar) M(Ar) = m', which is measured as: m' = 339.07g - 337.428g = 1.648g. Next, initiate the mole fraction of Neon x(Ne) = N(Ne)/N from the simple equation for the number of moles: N(Ar)/N = 1 - x(Ar) (Ne). Divide the mass equation by N to get: x(Ne) M(Ne) + (1-x(Ne)) M(Ar) = m'/N. As a result, the mole fraction of Neon is calculated as follows: x(Ne) = (M(Ar) - m'/N) = (M(Ar) - M(Ne)) = (39.948g/mol - 1.648g/0.0607mol) / (39.948g/mol - 20.1797g/mol) = 64,8%.
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in the laboratory, a student dilutes 24.8 ml of a 11.0 m hydrochloric acid solution to a total volume of 200.0 ml. what is the concentration of the diluted solution?
There are various approaches to answering this question. The most typical method is to use the formula M1V1=M2V2 . the concentration of the diluted solution is 1.364 M
Make sure M is Molarity and V is Volume in Liters when entering this formula. To solve this issue, you must divide 24.8 mL 1,000 to obtain.0248 L. M1 denotes the given molarity (11.0M), and V1 denotes the given molarity's volume (.0248 L). V2 is the final volume of M2, the final molarity that we are looking for. This makes sense given that we increased the volume of the solution while maintaining the same number of moles in the concentration . Our solution should be less concentrated (have a smaller molarity) is 1.364 M
(11.0M) * (.0248 L) = (X) * (.2000 L)
(11.0M) * (.0248 L) / (.2000 L) = (X)
1.364 M = X
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What can we say about the temperature change of a sample of water when the value of q is negative?
The temperature of the water increased.
The temperature of the water decreased.
It depends on whether mass and specific heat values are positive or negative.
The temperature of the water increased when the value of q(specific heat capacity) is negative.
Explanation of Specific Heat CapacityThe hydrogen bonding in water is the cause of its high specific heat capacity, which we can explain. The water molecules must shake in order for the numerous connected hydrogen bonds to raise the temperature of the liquid. Because there are so many hydrogen bonds, it takes more energy for the water molecules to break. Similarly to this, it takes some time for warm water to cool down. The temperature drops as heat escapes and the vibrational motion of water molecules slows. The warmth released balances the chilling impact of the heat loss from the liquid water.
Specific Heat of WaterThe specific heat capacity (Cp) of a liquid at atmospheric pressure and temperature is roughly 4.2 J/g°C. This suggests that to increase 1 gramme of water by 1 degree Celcius, 4.2 joules of energy are required. Actually, this Cp number is rather high. The specific heat of liquid water, also known as the specific heat capacity of liquid water, is 1.9 J/g°C..
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why do most fatty acids contain an even number of carbon atoms? q a) fatty acid biosynthesis incorporates succinyl-coa. b) fatty acids do not have an even number of carbons.
This is because their biosynthesis involves acetyl-CoA, a coenzyme with two carbon groups.
Due to the mechanism of synthesis, most fatty acids have an even number of carbons, but odd carbon chains can occur. The double bonds between carbons can produce even more diversity. Fatty acids are usually composed of two carbon molecules, so they have an even number of carbon atoms.
Fatty acids differ in the number of carbon atoms they contain and the number of carbon-carbon double bonds. Most fatty acids are unbranched and contain an even number of carbon atoms. Unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point than saturated fatty acids with the same number of carbon atoms.
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what amount of al2o3 is produced from the reaction of 3.0 mol al with 2.0 mol fe2o3? 2al fe2o3 --> al2o3 2fe
1.5 moles of Al₂O₃ is produced from the reaction of 3.0 mol Al with 2.0 mol Fe₂O₃.
What is mole?In chemistry, a mole, also spelled mol, is a standard scientific unit for measuring large amounts of very small entities such as atoms, molecules, or other specified particles.
The mole denotes a massive amount of units, 6.02214076 10²³. Since May 20, 2019, the General Conference on Weights and Measures has defined the mole as this number for the International System of Units (SI).
Previously, the mole was defined as the number of atoms found in 12 grammes of carbon-12 as determined experimentally. In honour of the Italian physicist Amedeo Avogadro, the number of units in a mole is also known as Avogadro's number, or Avogadro's constant (1776–1856).
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As a result, the answer we have is 1.5 moles of l 203, and this is it. The reaction results in a significant quantity of al2o3.
What are chemical changes exactly?
The conversion of one or more chemicals, known as chemical components, into one or more new compounds, known as byproducts, is referred to as a reaction mechanism. Substances are composed of chemical elements or compounds.
How do chemical reactions happen?
When atoms' chemical bonds are established or ruptured, chemical processes take place. The materials that initiate a chemical reaction are termed as reactants, while the materials created as a result of the reaction are known as products.
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(a) can a hydrogen atom in the ground state absorb a photon of energy less than 13.6 ev?
Yes, a hydrogen atom in the ground state can absorb a photon of energy less than 13.6 ev.
The wavelength of the matter waves that make up an electron orbit around a nucleus is the same as the radius of the orbit. Any fractional number would not fit the circle of the electron orbit, but a whole number of wavelengths might. Atomic excitations, in which the electrons take in a photon to enter a higher energy state, are another process that an atom goes through. As a result, electrons' wavelength can shift, which also causes the electron's orbit to alter. The relationship between an electron's energy and wavelength is inverse. An electron in the ground state can therefore absorb a photon with energy equal to the energy difference between the ground state energy and excited state energy during atomic excitation.
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Gooey substance made of cornstarch and water, with a name that comes from Dr. Seuss
The gooey substance which made up of cornstarch and water is the oobleck. It gets it name from Dr. Seuss
Oobleck is a non-newtonian fluid. Oobleck is a suspension, or a substance that has both solid and fluid-like properties. These substances are categorized as non-Newtonian fluids as well. A Newtonian fluid, like water or gasoline, has a constant viscosity. A non-Newtonian fluid's viscosity changes, as you might expect. Examples include oobleck, ketchup, and silly putty.
In his law of viscosity, Sir Isaac Newton described Newtonian fluids. In conclusion, he discovered that Newtonian fluids have a constant viscosity/flow and that changes in temperature or pressure only cause these fluids' flow behavior to vary. This kind of fluid is not affected by stress.
Water is a good example. Its viscosity is affected by temperature. It becomes a solid at 0 degrees Celsius and a gas at 100 degrees Celsius, but between those two points, it behaves normally and maintains a constant viscosity. Applying stress does not change the viscosity of water.
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qualitatively estimate the relative melting points for each of the solids, and rank them in decreasing order.
The relative melting points for each of the solids, and rank them in decreasing order Graphite> sodium chloride> solid ammonia.
What determines melting point?More energy is required to overcome them the strong the forces of interaction between the particles are. The melting point rises with increasing energy demand. Thus, a crystalline solid's melting temperature serves as a barometer for stability of it's own lattice.
Why is the melting point important?A solid's freezing temperature is a physical characteristic that can be used to identify a substance. In reality, a solid typically melts across a wide temperature range as opposed to at a single, set temperature. For this reason, speaking of a range of melting point is more useful.
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which of the molecules would a flame ionization detector (fid) be sensitive to after separation on a gas chromatography column?
Hexane bc it is a hydrocarbon is the molecules would a flame ionization detector (fid) be sensitive to after separation on a gas chromatography column.
How does chromatography function and what is it?Separating mixture's constituent parts by chromatography is a method. The combination is dissolved in a material known as the mobile phase to start the process, which then transports it through a material known as the stationary phase.
What serves as chromatography's primary objective?Chromatography's goal is to distinguish between the various components of a mixture. Applications can be anything from a straightforward analysis of a compound's purity to a precise breakdown of its constituent parts.
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What are the important things about atomic structure? Everything you need to know
An atom is a complicated configuration of negatively charged electrons grouped around a positively charged nucleus in certain shells. The majority of the atom's mass is concentrated in this nucleus.
What are the most significant atomic structure discoveries?In Thomson's "plum pudding" atom model, a positively charged "soup" was surrounded by negatively charged electrons. The majority of an atom is empty space, with a small, dense, positively-charged nucleus, as demonstrated by Rutherford's gold foil experiment. Rutherford postulated the nuclear model of the atom in light of these findings.
What fundamentals of atomic structure are there?Protons, neutrons, and electrons are the three fundamental building pieces that make up an atom in any element. In the grand scheme of things at the subatomic level, protons are positively charged particles while neutrons are uncharged particles.
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