This Chapter 12 provides an enormity of information regarding the skeletal system and its abilities, support, functionality, and its limitations, based on the tissue structure contributing to specific and general anatomical areas. Since you are all college students and more than likely have busy and active lives, you may be involved in everything from sports, to physically demanding employment, to general physical actions in your daily lives. All while, you are able to carry out such activities, with the help of your skeletal-muscular system support!

Answers

Answer 1

Chapter 12 of Anatomy and Physiology provides an enormous amount of information regarding the skeletal system and its abilities, support, functionality, and limitations.

Tissue structure is the foundation of specific and general anatomical areas. College students are likely to have busy and active lives, participating in sports, physically demanding jobs, and daily physical activities. Thanks to the support of the skeletal-muscular system, they can carry out these activities effectively. The skeletal system provides the body with shape, support, and protection. It also assists in body movement and stores minerals such as calcium.

The musculoskeletal system is a combination of the skeletal and muscular systems, which work together to allow movement. Muscles are attached to bones by tendons, which are responsible for pulling the bones when they contract. The bones then act as levers to create movement. The skeletal system also has limitations, such as being unable to heal itself quickly. Despite this limitation, bones can repair themselves over time. Bones are made of living cells, which are continuously renewing themselves throughout an individual's life.

In conclusion, the musculoskeletal system is an essential part of the human body. It provides the body with support, protection, and the ability to move. Despite its limitations, the skeletal system can repair itself over time. Its contribution to the body's abilities, support, functionality, and limitations cannot be overstated.

To know more about skeletal system visit:

https://brainly.com/question/1283837

#SPJ11


Related Questions

organize at least seven of your body's cell processes that require energy

Answers

Answer:

search up the question and you find lots of accurate results

Energy is required for a variety of vital biological and cellular functions, including ATP hydrolysis. These include active transport, Purinergic signaling, synaptic signaling, intracellular signaling, DNA and RNA synthesis, and muscular contraction.

What do you understand by cell ?

The fundamental units of all living things are cells. There are many billions of cells in a human body. They provide the body structure, absorb nutrients from meals, turn those nutrients into energy, and perform certain tasks.

Adenosine triphosphate molecules directly provide the energy needed for cellular functions (ATP). One adenosine molecule and three phosphate groups, or Pi for short, make up ATP. The chemical energy that is stored in each ATP molecule is not very large. By dissolving ATP into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a phosphate group, this energy may be released.

The energy process include active transport, Purinergic signaling, synaptic signaling, intracellular signaling, DNA and RNA synthesis, and muscular contraction.

Learn more about cell processes, here:

https://brainly.com/question/28785925

#SPJ2

A 52-year-old woman has difficulty initiating voluntary movements. She can clearly state what she intends to do, describe exactly how she would do it, and picture herself doing it easily. When she is able to begin the motion, she can complete it smoothly and accurately, but she has difficulty beginning the motion. If the difficulty arises from a defect in one particular area of the nervous system, which area is most likely to be involved

Answers

Answer:

Basal Ganglia

Explanation:

The Basal ganglia function is to regulate the voluntary movements or autonomic movement. This is done by receiving and transmission of impulses. Impulses are received for upcoming movement from the cerebral cortex and then process and adjust from where it is convey to the thalamus which then relays this information back to the cortex. The well defined movement instruction is finally sent to the skeletal muscles through the tracts of the pyramidal motor system. It also function in planning and modulation of movement, memory and eye movement.

There are five types of basal ganglia corpus striatum, claustrum, amygdala, substantia nigra and subthalamic sails which all function together.

true/false. make a distinction between air distribution and gas exchange in the respiratory system. identify the organs that serve as air distributors and gas exchangers.

Answers

False because air and organs savor the same

true/false. the sirt3 protien has been reported to increase the growth of certain types of cancer cells. reserachers studying the metabolism and development of stomach cancer cells ivestigatef

Answers

True. The SIRT3 protein has indeed been reported to increase the growth of certain types of cancer cells. Researchers studying the metabolism and development of stomach cancer cells have investigated the role of SIRT3 in cancer progression.

SIRT3 is a member of the sirtuin family of proteins, which are involved in regulating cellular processes such as metabolism, DNA repair, and cell survival. SIRT3, specifically, is found predominantly in mitochondria and is known for its role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In the context of cancer, studies have shown that elevated levels of SIRT3 can promote the growth and survival of cancer cells. It has been implicated in various types of cancer, including stomach cancer. Researchers have investigated the molecular mechanisms by which SIRT3 promotes cancer cell growth, including its involvement in metabolic reprogramming and resistance to cell death. By understanding the role of SIRT3 in cancer development, researchers hope to identify potential therapeutic targets and develop strategies to inhibit its activity. This could potentially lead to the development of novel treatments for cancers, including stomach cancer, that are dependent on SIRT3-mediated pathways for their growth and survival.

To learn more about cancer cells click here; brainly.com/question/6321656

#SPJ11

quick help will give brainliest​

Answers

Answer:

the correct answer is c i just tuck the text

Explanation:

C. The centromeres of sister chromatid separate

A dam is built that stops water from being able to flow out of a bog. What is
the most likely effect of this change?
A. The bog will have more oxygen.
B. The bog will have more photosynthesis.
C. The bog will grow more plants.
D. The bog will become less productive.

Answers

Answer: the bog will become less productive

Explanation:

Answer:

D. The bog will become less productive.

Explanation:

I got this answer correct in the ape x 3.1.2 quiz in late May 2021. Good luck copying my answer! (It's right.)

you are a researcher studying aquatic parasites at point reyes national seashore. during your studies, you come across a new animal species. after a thorough examination, you determine that the organism has bilateral symmetry, tissues, and lacks a body cavity. what kind of animal is it?

Answers

As a researcher studying aquatic parasites at Point Reyes National Seashore, after a thorough examination of an animal species with bilateral symmetry, tissues, and no body cavity, it can be concluded that it belongs to Phylum Platyhelminthes which contains flatworms. The organism belongs to the Phylum Platyhelminthes, which contains flatworms.

The phylum consists of free-living and parasitic organisms that have a simple body structure without a coelom (body cavity) and lack specialized respiratory and circulatory organs. Because the organism lacks a coelom, which is a major characteristic of higher animals like mammals and birds, it is a flatworm. The absence of a body cavity makes flatworms very thin and flattened with tissues and organs directly attached to each other. These animals are known for their parasitic lifestyles. They can live in marine, freshwater, and even damp terrestrial environments. Bilateral symmetry, which means that the animal has a left and right side that are mirror images of each other, is also a common feature of this phylum. The nervous system of flatworms consists of a ganglionated nerve cord with one or two pairs of nerve ganglia.

The flatworm's digestive system is incomplete and mouth-like structures can be found on both ends of their body. Their mode of reproduction includes sexual and asexual reproduction. Some flatworms are free-living, while others are parasites and are responsible for many diseases in humans and animals.

To know more about Platyhelminthes visit:

https://brainly.com/question/14441797

#SPJ11

describe the steps to regeneration of nerve fibers:

Answers

The process for regeneration of nerve fibers include formation, extension, guidance, synaptogenesis, recovery.

The following are involved in the regeneration of nerve fibers:

1: The formation of the growth cone- The leading edge of a growing axon during neuronal development or regeneration is called the growth cone. The growth cone has the ability to sense its surrounding environment, as well as a motile structure, allowing it to move in response to environmental cues.

2: Extension of Axon- Once the growth cone has been formed, the axon can start extending through it. The growth cone moves by a series of cyclic steps that involve extension, attachment, and retraction, all of which are under the control of various molecules.

3: Directional Guidance- Once the growth cone is extended, the nerve fiber should now be guided to its target area. Growth cones are guided in different directions by a variety of guidance cues, such as cell adhesion molecules, neurotrophic factors, and semaphorins.

4: Synaptogenesis - When the nerve fiber reaches its destination, it will need to make contact with other cells, which will be accomplished via synapse formation. Synaptogenesis allows neurons to communicate with each other, and it is a critical component of nervous system function.

5: Functional Recovery- The final phase is functional recovery, where the axon reestablishes its connection with the target cell and resumes the function it was intended to carry out before being damaged.

Regeneration of nerve fibers is a complex process that depends on numerous factors, including the location of the injury, the nature of the injury, the age of the patient, and various other factors. It's also worth noting that, in some cases, nerve regeneration may not be possible at all.

Learn more about nerve fibers here: https://brainly.com/question/28199936

#SPJ11

pls help me I'll give 15​

Answers

Answer:

i dont care

Explanation:

i dont know

How many sugar phospha te backbones are in one strand of DNA?

Answers

Answer: Two

Explanation: In double-stranded DNA, the molecular double-helix shape is formed by two linear sugar-phosphate backbones that run opposite each other and twist together in a helical shape. The sugar-phosphate backbone is negatively charged and hydrophilic, which allows the DNA backbone to form bonds with water.

explain the effects on anaerobic respiration on plants and animals​

Answers

Answer:

Anaerobic respiration in plants produces ethanol (C2H5OH) whose accumulation may kill the plant, whereas in animals anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid (CH3CH(OH)COOH) that however cannot cause death of animal but lead to minor muscle cramps, but they can be cured with hot water bath or a massage.

Which layer appears to be the least resistant to
weathering?

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

A is at the top therefore would be most affected by the weathering

Compare blood cells to plant cells

Answers

Answer:

Plant cells are encompassed by a rigid cell wall, while human white blood cells have a plasma membrane.

Explanation:

Many cellular processes are performed by cells. A typical cell and a common process are shown in the diagram below.

Which of the following is the best reason this cell is going through the process shown?
to reproduce another cell
to compete with another cell
to maintain homeostasis of the cell
to provide protection for the cell from the environment

are shown in the diagram below.

Answers

To reproduce another cell.

Which of the following molecular models represents an element?

Answers

the last yellow one should be the answer

A fish population of 250 in a pond has maximum annual rate of increase of 0.8_ If the carrying capacity of the pond is 1,500 for this species, what is the expected population size after_ one year? 167
417
450 500

Answers

The expected population size after one year is 450 individuals because it is less than the carrying capacity of the pond.

The annual rate of increase of a fish population of 250 in a pond has a maximum annual rate of increase of 0.8, and the carrying capacity of the pond is 1,500 for this species, what is the expected population size after one year?The annual rate of increase for a fish population is defined as the maximum number of new individuals that can be produced in a population during a year.

The formula for calculating the rate of increase is:

Rate of increase = (birth rate + immigration rate) - (death rate + emigration rate)For this population, the annual rate of increase is 0.8. That means that in one year, the population can increase by 0.8 * 250 = 200 individuals. So if the population size at the start of the year is 250, the population size at the end of the year would be 250 + 200 = 450 individuals.

The carrying capacity of a pond is the maximum number of individuals of a species that can be sustained by the environment. In this case, the carrying capacity is 1,500 individuals. However, the population size cannot exceed the carrying capacity of the pond, so we need to adjust our answer accordingly. Therefore, the expected population size after one year is 450 individuals because it is less than the carrying capacity of the pond. Therefore, the answer is 450.

Learn more about carrying capacity : https://brainly.com/question/14645317

#SPJ11

When digested food is absorbed into the blood vessels, it is carried to the rest of the body by the

lymph

white blood cells

lungs

plasma

blood

Answers

The plasma carries nutrients throughout the body to the cells, as well as takes waste products.

what is one cause for the 21,000 protein encoding sequences in the human genome producing between 200,000 and 1 million different proteins?

Answers

One reason why the 21,000 protein encoding genes in the human genome can produce between 200,000 and 1 million different proteins is due to alternative splicing.

The 21,000 protein-encoding genes present in the human genome have the potential to generate between 200,000 and 1 million different proteins, despite the fact that the number of protein-encoding genes is significantly less than the number of proteins produced. Alternative splicing is one mechanism that contributes to the generation of a large number of proteins from a limited number of genes.
Alternative splicing is a process that allows for the creation of multiple different proteins from a single gene. This process occurs when different regions of a gene's RNA molecule are spliced together in different ways, resulting in different protein isoforms. This splicing process may occur in different ways, allowing for a high level of diversity in the resulting proteins.
The generation of different protein isoforms through alternative splicing is made possible by the fact that the human genome contains a large number of regulatory elements that influence gene expression and splicing patterns. Additionally, environmental factors can also contribute to the generation of different protein isoforms by altering the expression of genes or by modifying the splicing process.
Therefore, one reason why the 21,000 protein encoding genes in the human genome can produce between 200,000 and 1 million different proteins is due to alternative splicing.

To know more about protein visit: https://brainly.com/question/31017225

#SPJ11

Can someone help me with this one question please

Answers

The answer should be A

Dihybrid Punnett Square Homework 1 Susan and Tim both have red hair which is recessive to brown hair. Susan is heterozygous for dimples(dominant) and Tim has no dimples. Create a Punnett square that shows the genotypes of all the possible offspring that could result from Tim and Susan! Use R or r for hair color. Use D or d for dimples or no dimples. What is the genotypic percentage? What is the phenotypic percentage?​

Answers

Answer:

1222

Explanation:

121

Which is NOT an example of a natural environmental change?
A. a beaver dam
B. a hurricane
C. a volcanic eruption
D. a housing development
(Plz answer quick)

Answers

A housing development

Mitigation Cost of Solar Cell Phone Charger 0.0/10.0 puntos (calificado) In an upcoming section of the course we'll look carefully at rooftop and industrial solar PV. For now, let's look at the mitigation cost of using a small, portable solar charger, something commonly reviewed on tech websites. In general, energy system technologies become more cost-effective with scale, so we can guess these might be expensive mitigation options, but they do have some advantages over larger systems, like not requiring installation costs or staff to clean and maintain them. The cheapest chargers Daniel could find were $10 at the time of this writing. They would take around 5 hours to charge a typical 11 Watt-hour smartphone battery under bright sunlight. Part 1: What is the levelized cost of electricity from this system, if it's used to charge an 11 Wh battery every day of the year? Use a modest individual capital charge factor of 0.15; you may neglect all costs other than the $10 purchase price. $/kWh Part 2: What is the mitigation cost for Daniel to use this sytem instead of using grid electricity? Assume grid electricity costs $0.20/kWh, with 0.5 kg CO₂e emitted per kWh. Answer in dollars per ton of CO2. Enviar $/tCO2 Ha realizado 0 de 10 intentos Guardar Reiniciar calculadora Notas Oculta

Answers

The mitigation cost for Daniel to use this system instead of using grid electricity is $656 per ton of CO2.

Part 1: The given data is

Initial Cost,

I = $10

Individual capital charge factor,

i = 0.15

Annual usage of 11 Watt-hour smartphone battery = 365 / 5 = 73

We can calculate the lifetime of the solar cell phone charger,

n = 1 / 365 = 0.00274 years

Levelized Cost of electricity, L = I × i × (1 + i)n/((1 + i)n - 1)

Put the given data, we get,

L = 10 × 0.15 × (1 + 0.15)-0.00274 / ((1 + 0.15)-0.00274 - 1)

= $0.048/kWh

Therefore, the levelized cost of electricity from this system is $0.048/kWh.

Part 2: The given data is

The cost of grid electricity,

G = $0.20/kWh

The CO2 emissions per kWh of grid electricity,

E = 0.5 kg CO₂e per kWh

Let's calculate the cost of electricity from the solar cell phone charger,

ES = L × 11 WhES = 0.048 × 11 Wh

= $0.528

Now we can calculate the mitigation cost.

Mitigation Cost = (ES – G) × (1000 / E)

Put the values, we get

Mitigation Cost = (0.528 – 0.2) × (1000 / 0.5)= $656

Therefore, the mitigation cost for Daniel to use this system instead of using grid electricity is $656 per ton of CO2.

To know more about grid electricity visit:

https://brainly.com/question/30794010

#SPJ11

Unicellular organisms are able to survive on their own because they have structures that have what important characteristic?

Answers

Answer:

A unicellular organisms depends upon its one cell for all the functions and survival of the organism. It has all the important characteristics that is necessary for its survival.

Explanation:

A unicellular organism is one which contains only one cell. And so all the life processes occurs in that one particular cell in an unicellular organism. A n unicellular organism is also called as the single cell organism.

The unicellular organisms uses cilia as well as the flagella to achieve locomotion by creating currents around and move about places. The take up nutrients by diffusion process. They reproduce asexually and produce their offspring.

Which group of fungus convert sugar to alcohol

Answers

Answer:

yeast

Explanation:

yeast are another group of fungi important for both food and beverage fermentation the process that converts sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide

which of the following is amphiprotic? select the correct answer below: hs− h3po4 po3−4 cn−

Answers

Out of the given options b.[tex]h2po4[/tex] is an amphiprotic

Amphiprotic entities are molecules or ions that, depending on the situation, can either give or take a proton. A material that can take and give a proton (H+ ion) is said to be amphiprotic. The dihydrogen phosphate ion, or [tex]h2po4-[/tex], is one of the available possibilities and is amphiprotic because it has the ability to function as both an acid and a base.

The phosphate ion ([tex]po3-4[/tex]) can be created when the dihydrogen phosphate ion contributes a proton. It serves as a basis in this instance. Phosphoric acid ([tex]h3po4[/tex]) can be created when the dihydrogen phosphate ion takes a proton. It serves as an acid in this situation.

Read more about amphiprotic on:

https://brainly.com/question/28519774

#SPJ4

Complete Question:

which of the following is amphiprotic? select the correct answer below:

a. hs−

b. h2po4

c. po3−

d. 4 cn−

Name 3 stages of cell division, and give a brief description of what happens in each stage? please help I really need some help with this much appreciated​

Answers

Answer:

Prophase

- Mitosis begins with prophase, during which chromosomes recruit condensin and begin to undergo a condensation process

Metaphase

- Next, chromosomes assume their most compacted state during metaphase, when the centromeres of all the cell's chromosomes line up at the equator of the spindle

Anaphase

- The progression of cells from metaphase into anaphase is marked by the abrupt separation of sister chromatids. Two separate classes of movements occur during anaphase. During the first part of anaphase, the kinetochore microtubules shorten, and the chromosomes move toward the spindle poles. During the second part of anaphase, the spindle poles separate as the non-kinetochore microtubules move past each other

Answer:

the 3 stages are: Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

Explanation:

Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life. Interphase is the 'daily living' or metabolic phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients and metabolizes them, grows, replicates its DNA in preparation for mitosis, and conducts other "normal" cell functions.

Mitosis: a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

Cytokinesis: The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

6. What is one main human activity that causes smog, acid rain, and con-
tributes to global warming?

Answers

the main human activity is air pollution

When rotating a fischer projection, if you hold one substituent constant and rotate around the other 3 the stereochemistry will be:_________

Answers

When rotating a Fischer projection, if you hold one substituent constant and rotate around the other three, the stereochemistry will be inverted.

Fischer projection is a structural formula that helps in representing three-dimensional molecules on a planar surface. It is useful for visualizing enantiomers. The rotation of Fischer projection causes the inversion of the stereochemistry of the molecule that leads to the interchanging of the groups present on each side of the molecule.

This can be demonstrated with the following example: Let's say that we have a molecule with 4 substituents on a carbon atom. In Fischer projection, it would look like the following: Let's rotate the molecule 90 degrees to the left without interchanging the position of the substituents.

The result will be as follows: Now if we compare the two structures, we can see that the molecule is inverted. Therefore, if we hold one substituent constant and rotate around the other three, the stereochemistry will be inverted.

You can learn more about Fischer projection at: brainly.com/question/30088701

#SPJ11

In a certain breed of horses, the allele for a white coat (W) is co-dominant with the allele for a brown coat (B). A white horse (WW) is crossed with a brown horse (BB)What do you predict for genotype (s) and phenotype(s) of the offspring?

Same thing with incomplete dominant

Answers

Answer:

Hope this helps have a good day <3

Explanation:

If you know the genotypes of two parents, you can predict the genotype and phenotype of their offspring. The B allele is dominant, so its phenotype is expressed, even when the b allele is present in the genotype. ... Write the second allele for the Bb horse here.

3. Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?

A. bacterial
B. plants only
C. animals only
D. both plant and animal cells

Answers

Answer:

D. Both plant and animal cells

Explanation:

The explanation is that animal and plant cells are eukaryotic cells which means they have a nucleus which contains and protects the genetic material. Bacteria is a prokaryotic cell which means it does have genetic material but doesn't have a nucleus.

Other Questions
Martha had just returned from the National Hardware show inChicago. Standing in the trade show display booth for long hoursand answering the same questions hundreds of time had been tiring.Yet, all For ABC Corporation, in principal-agent theory of corporate governance, who is an agent? OTwo answers are correct O Customer O Three of the answers are correct Any worker in the firm O Shareholder or stockholder O Manager Use backtracking (showing the tree) to find a subset of (29,28, 12, 11, 7,3) adding up to 42. Alejandro Corporation's convertible preferred stock was converted into common stock issued by Alejandro. How would you categorize this transaction or reorganization? Briefly state your reasoning? the distance between slits on a diffraction grating is 0.60 mm, and one of the angles of diffraction is 0.30. the light forms a second-order bright band. calculate the percent dissociation for a 0.27 m solution of chlorous acid (hclo2, ka = 1.2 102). Which of the following describes an antibiogram?Select one:a.a compilation of all known antibiotic resistant bacteria found in the United Statesb.a compilation of local antibiotic susceptibility data broken down by bacterial pathogen*c.a sterile disk infused with antibiotic and used in a Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assayd.a synthetic antibiotic Which late 19th century and early 20th century intellectuals were present-minded?Question 6 options:a)Booker T Washingtonb)W.E.B. Du Boisc)John Deweyd)All of the above given that the ka for hocl is 3.5x10^-8, calculate the k for the reaction:HOcl(aq)+OH-(aq)OCl-(aq)+H2O(l) write a balanced chemical equation for the decomposition reaction. do not include phases.2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 (g) + H2O (g) chemical digestion: a. peristalsis b. segmentation c. chewing d. enzymatic hydrolysis felicia is in the seventh month of her pregnancy, and she has noticed a decrease in the amount her baby moves. how should she react to this? If a Volkswagen Passat costs $22,050 in Baltimore and 21,000 in Frankfurt, what is the implied exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the euro? How does a natural monopoly differ from a legal monopoly?A natural monopoly is a market in which _______. A legal monopoly is a market in which _______.A.economies of scale enable one firm to supply the entire market at the lowest possible cost;competition and entry are restricted by the granting of a public franchise, government licence, patent, or copyrightB.close substitutes exist but a natural barrier to entry protects the firm from potential competition;a firm could practise price discrimination but is unable to do so due to the granting of a public franchise, government licence, patent, or copyrightC.a significant portion of a natural resource is owned by one firm;competition has been deemed to be legal and in the best interest of consumersD.demand is perfectly elastic due to economies of scale;many producers of similar products lobby the government to restrict entry to new firms Which perceptual illusion has been shown to vary across cultures and as a result is one of the most well-known and extensively researched perceptual illusions? describes platos philosophical views on body-soul dualism in the most accurate way? element x decays radioactively with a half life of 5 minutes. if there are 700 grams of element x, how long, to the nearest tenth of a minute, would it take the element to decay to 20 grams? y=a(.5)^((t)/(h)) According to the Nebular Theory, the solar system began as a large, slowly rotating cloud of gas about one light-year in size. As the cloud cooled, it collapsed due to its own gravity. Conservation of angular momentum caused it to distort into a rotating pancake shape because it had to spin faster as it shrank. Then the Sun began to form at the center, and rings formed around the Sun. Next the rings coalesced into planets. Two problems with the old Nebular Theory are: (i) rings would not form around the Sun; (ii) Planets would not form because the gas pressure would be too high. sparks corporation has a cash balance of $18,900 on april 1. the company must maintain a minimum cash balance of $15,500. during april, expected cash receipts are $67,000. cash disbursements during the month are expected to total $80,500. ignoring interest payments, during april the company will need to borrow: The following information is available for Trinkle Company for the month of June 1. The unadjusted balance per the bank statement on June 30 was $57,016. 2. Deposits in transit on June 30 were $2,620. 3. A debit memo was included with the bank statement for a service charge of $28. 4. A $3,057 check written in June had not been paid by the bank. 5. The bank statement included a $1,200 credit memo for the collection of a note. The principal of the note was $1,160, and the interest collected amounted to $40. Required Determine the true cash balance as of June 30. (Hint: It is not necessary to use all of the preceding items to determine the true balance) True cash balance