The vertebral column is composed of 33 bones before fusing; some later fuse to form 26 separate bones.
The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine, is a long, flexible column of bones extending from the skull to the tailbone. It is made up of 33 vertebrae, separated into five sections: the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. In between each vertebra is a disc of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber, allowing the bones to move independently of one another.
The vertebral column also houses the spinal cord, which is a bundle of nerves that runs from the brain to the lower back. It is responsible for transmitting signals to and from the brain and body.
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cracking the codon . picture below
The process of protein synthesis is as follows:
Original DNA sequence - GGC GAG AAT GAA ACT ATT TGT AGCReplicated DNA sequence - CCG CTC TTA CTT TGA TAA ACA TCGTranscripted RNA sequence - GGC GAG AAU GAA ACU AUU UGU AGCMystery message - Gly Glu Asn Glu Thr Ile Cys SerWhat are codons?Codons are triplets of nucleotides that are present on an mRNA molecule that code for specific amino acids.
The codons present in mRNA are complementary to the anticodons present in tRNA molecules.
During the process of protein synthesis from the genes present in the DNA, the processes involved are:
replication - copies of the DNA are made from the DNA strand.transcription - the DNA template strand is used to make mRNA moleculetranslation - the mRNA molecules are used to make proteins in the ribosomes.Learn more about protein synthesis at: https://brainly.com/question/13022587
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A student measures the length of a root growing from a sprouted seed. What
determines whether the measurement is precise?
O
A. A precise measurement can be repeated multiple times.
B. A precise measurement is displayed in the largest possible units.
C. A precise measurement contains the fewest significant figures.
D. A precise measurement is close to the actual value.
A precise measurement can be repeated multiple times. The correct option is A.
What is precise measurement?Precision, also known as reproducibility or repeatability, is the extent to which repeated measurements under identical conditions yield the same results.
Precision is determined by standard deviation, which is the amount and frequency with which measurements differ. If a standard deviation is high, then it suggests low precision.
A student measures the length of a sprouted seed's root. A precise measurement can be repeated as many times as necessary.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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In radishes the shape may be long or round or oval. The color may be red or white or purple. A long red variety was crossed with a round white variety. The F1 were all oval purple. In the F2 the following results were obtained: 8 long red, 15 long purple, 17 oval red, 31 oval purple, 7 long white, 15 oval white, 8 round red, 16 round purple, 9 round white. What is the genetic basis for these characters?
Genetic traits are passed down through the generations as genes, which are DNA molecules that contain the instructions for each trait.
What does "genetic basis" mean?The term "genetic foundation of common disease" refers to the degree to which a person's individual risk of contracting a particular common disease is influenced either by hereditary material she or he inherited at conception.
What constitutes heredity's genetic foundation?The fundamental unit of life is the gene, which is a hereditary unit. Until they are passed from parents to children and from to the next generation during sexual reproduction, genes are hereditary units. Due to the gene contained in the chromosomes, we inherit genotypic and phenotypic traits from our parents.
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Luca wants to identify and quantify the chemicals causing air pollution in a city, but he is using a manual air sampler to collect air samples.
Why should he update his current sampler to an electronic one?
a.to maintain the current way air sampling data are stored
b.to diagram exactly what portions of the city are affected by air pollution
c.to make predictions about air pollution that are precise but not accurate
d.to account for broad-scale factors that affect the number of chemicals identified
The answer is: d.to account for broad-scale factors that affect the number of chemicals identified.
Answer:
To account for broad scale factors that affect the number of chemicals identify.
Explanation:
Hunter has been completing research for his environmental science class. During the course of his studies, Hunter reviewed some of the requirements for becoming an
occupational health and safety specialist. He was very interested to learn about the educational requirements as well as the projected job growth in his area.
Hunter has been studying biology and will graduate in May with his bachelor's degree. He plans on searching for a job within the local, state, or federal government
after graduation. Because of Hunter's anticipated degree completion, he will be eligible for graduate safety practitioner (GSP) designation. GSP designation is one
pathway to sit for the certified safety professional exam.
The following questions relate to occupational health and environmental science. Please help Hunter answer them based on what you have learned from this chapter.
Once Hunter completes his certified safety professional exam, he will need to complete which of the following in order to keep his certification?
OA Yearly community Service hours
OB. Periodic continuing education
OC Examination completion every 2 years
OD. Thirty additional internship hours
Answer:
B. Periodic continuing education
Explanation:
The certified safety professional (CSP) exam is a comprehensive examination that tests the knowledge and skills of occupational health and safety specialists. Once an individual has passed the CSP exam and received their certification, they will need to complete periodic continuing education in order to maintain their certification. Continuing education is a requirement for many professional certifications, and it is designed to help professionals stay up-to-date on new developments in their field and maintain their skills and knowledge.
The other options listed in the question do not appear to be requirements for maintaining CSP certification. Option A, yearly community service hours, is not typically a requirement for professional certification. Option C, examination completion every 2 years, is also not a typical requirement. Option D, thirty additional internship hours, may be required in some cases, but it is not specified in the information provided.
How many genotypically different types of gametes could be produced by the individual represented by XxYYzz?
Answer:
Explanation:
An individual with the genotype XxYYzz has two copies of each chromosome and two alleles at each locus. Since there are three loci (X, Y, and Z), the individual has a total of 2^3=8 genotypically different types of gametes. These gametes could be represented as follows:
XYZ
XYz
XyZ
Xyz
xYZ
xYz
xyZ
xyz
Therefore, the individual could produce 8 genotypically different types of gametes.
what major part of the food chain is more or less missing from the galapagos island
The part of food chain which is more or less missing from the galapagos island are the bacteria.
How bacteria are missing in galapagos island food chainFood chain simply refers to those networks of food web system transferring energy from the producers and ending at the decomposers.
That being said, the bacteria are microscopic decomposers which are missing in the food chain of the galapagos island. It shows the relationship between organisms as to who eats whom and to avoid a crash on the population.
In conclusion, we can now confirm from above that food chain shows how living organisms are related or connected with each other.
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In the auditory pathway, axons of the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve synapse with neurons in the
A: cochlear nuclei in the medulla on the same side
B: inferior colliculus in the midbrain on the opposite side
C: superior olivary nucleus in the pons on each side
D: primary auditory area in the cerebral cortex on each side
Option A, In the auditory pathway, axons of the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve synapse with neurons in the cochlear nuclei in the medulla on the same side.
Nerve impulses pass along the axons of these neurons, which form the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve.
These axons synapse with neurons in the cochlear nuclei in the medulla oblongata on the same side.
The cochlear nuclei are a pair of tiny, specialized sensory nuclei that make up the cochlear neuron component of the upper motor neurons. They are located in the upper medulla. They are a large portion of the brainstem's enormous cranial nerve nuclei.
Central extensions of bipolar neurons from the vestibular ganglion make up the vestibular nerve. These neurons' peripheral processes form connections with the inner ear's ciliated sensory cells.
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Ardipithecus ramidus can be described as:
a) possessing thin tooth enamel
b) lacking any knuckle-walking adaptations
c) human-like lower limb proportions
d) lack of a canine diastema
Answer: All of the following statements are true about Ardipithecus ramidus:
a) possessing thin tooth enamel
b) lacking any knuckle-walking adaptations
c) human-like lower limb proportions
d) lack of a canine diastema
Ardipithecus ramidus is an early hominid species that lived about 4.4 million years ago in Africa. It is considered to be one of the oldest known hominids and is considered a key transitional species between apes and humans. Some of the characteristics that distinguish Ardipithecus ramidus from other hominids and apes include thin tooth enamel, lack of knuckle-walking adaptations, human-like lower limb proportions, and a lack of a canine diastema (a space between the upper canine tooth and the incisor tooth). These features suggest that Ardipithecus ramidus was a bipedal species that may have had some degree of social complexity and may have used tools.
Retroviruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), carry their genetic information as RNA and convert it to DNA using the enzyme
A. DNA polymerase II.
B. retrograde polymerase.
C. RNA to DNA polymerase.
D. reverse transcriptase.
RT is referred to as Hiv infection (HIV) and other retroviruses carry their genetic material in the form of RNA, which is then converted to DNA by an enzyme.
What kinds of viruses fall under the retrovirus classification?There are two more retroviruses that can harm humans in addition to the one that causes AIDS, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The first one is referred to as human T-lymphotropic viruses type 1 (HTLV-1), and the second one is referred to as human M o virus type 2. (HTLV-II).
what are The four retroviruses ?Oncoviruses, Lentiviruses, or Spumaviruses make up the three families of retroviruses. A-type, A and, C-type, and D-type retroviruses are categorized as well depending on how they appear under an electron microscope.
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The tops of bulb-producing plants should be allowed to continue growing until they die naturally because
A) they add beauty to the flower garden
B) they continue to manufacture food for storage in the bulb
C) they grow larger and provide good mulch for the bulbs
D) They shade the bulbs and keep them cool
The tops of bulb-producing plants should be allowed to continue growing until they die naturally because (B) they continue to manufacture food for storage in the bulb.
Geophytes are plants that produce tubers, corms, bulbs, and other subterranean storage organs. Some epiphytic orchids (Orchidaceae family) produce pseudobulbs, which look superficially like bulbs and are above-ground storage organs.
Amaryllis, Crinum, Hippeastrum, Narcissus, and numerous other members of the amaryllis family Amaryllidaceae are among the almost all monocotyledon plants that produce real bulbs. Members of the Amaryllid subfamily Allioideae that fall within this category include onion, garlic, and other alliums.
A huge bulb can sprout from a small one. Renewal bulbs are small, medium-sized bulbs that grow to take the place of the original bulb. Increase bulbs are little bulbs that form on each of a bulb's leaves or on the ends of short subterranean stems that link to the parent bulb.
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The first step in the replication of dna is catalyzed by . primase helicase dna polymerase single-strand binding protein ligase
The first step in the replication of DNA is catalyzed by the enzyme DNA helicase. The primary action of this enzyme is to unwind the section of the double-stranded DNA that will be replicated.
Helicases are a type of enzyme that is regarded to be essential to all life. Their primary role is to unpack the genetic material of an organism. Helicases are motor proteins that use ATP hydrolysis to travel directionally along a nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone, separating two hybridized nucleic acid strands.
DNA helicases catalyze the dissolution of the hydrogen bonds that connect the two strands of double-stranded DNA. This energy-demanding unwinding reaction produces single-stranded DNA, which is used as a template or reaction intermediate in DNA replication, repair, and recombination.
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The large Oldowan stone tool assemblages in the archaeological record of East Africa have been determined to represent what?
a) cache sites for stone tools
b) hunting blinds
c) areas in which raw materials to make stone tools was mined from the ground
d) home bases where females and their infants slept
The large Oldowan stone tool assemblages in the archaeological record of East Africa have been determined to represent areas in which raw materials to make stone tools was mined from the ground and is therefore denoted as option C.
What is Oldowan stone tool?This is referred to as a widespread stone tool archaeological industry in prehistory which served as a quarrying site.
The Oldowan stone tool assemblages were composed of pebbles of quartz, quartzite, or basalt etc which denotes that the stone tools were mined in the East Africa area and is therefore the reason why option C was chosen as the correct choice in this scenario.
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describe the similarities and difference between the biochemical pathways of aerobic repsiration and photosynthesis
In the process of respiration,oxygen and glucose produce water and carbon dioxide,while carbon dioxide and water produce glucose and oxygen during the process of photosynthesis.
Image result to describe the similarities and differences between the biochemical pathways of aerobic respiration and photosynthesis.Both respiration and photosynthesis include the conversions of energy from one form to another through the series of biochemical reactions.Both processes use and produce ATP in the reactions.Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration are part of a cyclical process of biochemical reactions.Photosynthesis requires the products of aerobic respiration (carbon dioxide and water),while aerobic respiration requires the products of photosynthesis (glucose and oxygen). While water breaks down to form oxygen during photosynthesis,in cellular respiration oxygen combines with hydrogen to form water.While photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and releases oxygen,cellular respiration requires oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
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in mice, and other mammals, black fur is dominant to brown fur. one gene assigns the color, while another gene deposits the pigment in the fur.
Both a dominant black pigmentation and a hereditary brown pigment can be produced by a different gene that is not connected to the agouti gene.
A gene example is what?Many of your characteristics, like your skin and hair colours, are determined by genes that are handed down to you. Perhaps Emma inherited the red hair gene from her mother, who contains the both brown and red haired genes. If her father possesses two red hair genes, then developing red hair could have a hereditary foundation.
What could make a gene useful?The main structure and function component of inheritance is a genome.. Genes are made out of DNA. However, a large part of genomes lack protein coding.
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Segmentation only occurs in bilaterally symmetrical animals. True or False? Explain your answer
Answer:True
Explanation:
There are many organisms with bilateral symmetry, including humans and other mammals. These organisms exhibit segmentation that is not seen in organisms with radial symmetry. Segmentation is a distinctive feature of bilateral microorgBilateral symmetry refers to organisms with body shapes that are mirror images along a midline called the sagittal plane. The internal organs, however, are not necessarily distributed symmetrically.
The vast majority of animals display bilateral symmetry; also known as plane symmetry, this is a trait that applies to 99% of all animals, in the majority of phyla: Chordata, Annelida, Arthropoda, Platyzoa, Nematoda, and most Mollusca.
On the other hand, the Cnidaria display radial symmetry and the Porifera exhibit no symmetry.
The Echinodermata are unique, in that they display bilateral symmetry in their larval stage, and a special form of fivefold radial symmetry, pentamerism in their adult life stage.
Bilaterally symmetrical animals have a dorsal side (top), a ventral side (bottom) and distinct left and right sides. They also have an anterior side (head), and a posterior side (tail), and exhibit cephalization. Cephalization is the clustering of sensory organs at the anterior; a body plan that arose because animals use forward motion, and so this end is the first to encounter the environmental stimuli to which an organism must react. The bilateral body plan may also be advantageous because it permits organisms to be more streamline. This would have been particularly important for ancestral organisms, which moved through the oceans.anisms present in both the body and the appendages.
The system border process is one of the processes needed to establish system context. The system border
process defines which features a new system will cover and which features are
relational
O contextual
educational
O environmental
The system border process defines which features a new system will cover and which features are educational.
What is system border process ?The process of defining and justifying which elements of a product's life cycle should be included in a life cycle assessment study is known as the setting of system boundaries for an analysis.System boundary decisions should, at least in part, be guided by the particular suite of sustainability impacts that are of interest, as specific activities and their associated resource use and emission profiles will be of varying importance to the spectrum of potential impact indicators that might be considered in a study.It will be crucial to set the system limits for studies concentrating on potential interactions between nutritional factors and sustainability impacts such that all life cycle activities having an impact on one or more of these issues are included.To learn more about system boundaries refer :
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HELP IM ON LIMITED TIME
A scientist compares the bone structure of the monkey arm to that of
the bat wing, and observes that the same bones are present in each
animal, but with variations in thickness, length, and shape. What
evidence of evolution is this an example of?
Select one:
DNA
Molecular
Embryological
Homologous structures
Answer:
homologous structures.
Explanation:
This evidence of evolution is an example of homologous structures. Homologous structures are structures in different species that have a similar underlying structure and are thought to have evolved from a common ancestor. In this case, the scientist is observing that the bones in the monkey arm and the bat wing are similar, but with variations in their characteristics. This suggests that these structures evolved from a common ancestor, providing evidence for the theory of evolution.
What are some ways to assess the strengths and weaknesses of a graph/chart
Answer:
When assessing the strengths and weaknesses of a graph or chart, there are several key factors to consider.
Firstly, the accuracy of the data presented should be evaluated. The data should be checked for any errors or discrepancies, and the source of the data should be verified. Additionally, the data should be relevant to the topic being discussed, and should be up-to-date.
The visual presentation of the graph or chart should also be taken into account. The graph should be easy to read and interpret, with a clear title, labels, and legend. The graph should also use appropriate scales, and the axes should be labeled correctly.
The type of graph or chart should also be considered. Different types of graphs and charts are better suited to different types of data. For example, a bar graph is better suited to comparing categorical data, while a line graph is better suited to showing trends over time.
Finally, the graph or chart should be compared to other graphs or charts on the same topic. This will help to identify any potential discrepancies or inaccuracies in the data.
Overall, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of a graph or chart requires careful consideration of the accuracy of the data, the visual presentation, the type of graph or chart, and comparison to other graphs or charts on the same topic.
Can someone give me the answers to 2 5 and 6? PLEASE
2-7 levels of the food chain exist.
5-The fifth point is that sunlight is a producer of food.
6-If the producer is not in the chain, nothing will happen in step six.
What is a brief explanation of the food chain?How energy and nutrients travel through an environment is described by a food chain. Energy is first produced by fundamental organisms like plants, then by higher-level organisms like herbivores. Energy is then transferred from herbivores to carnivores when they consume one another.
Which three food chains exist?Plants at Level 1 (producers) Animals classified as herbivores or at level two (primary consumers) Level 3: Herbivore-eating animals (secondary consumers, carnivores).
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In which type of rock would you find a large amount of silica?
Responses
glass
metamorphic
igneous
sedimentary
Answer:
igneous
Explanation:
Igneous rock is the type of rock that contains a large amount of silica. Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma or lava) cools and solidifies. Silica is a common component of magma, so igneous rocks are often rich in silica. Glass, which is also made from silica, is not a type of rock. Metamorphic and sedimentary rocks are formed through processes that do not involve the melting of rock, so they typically contain lower amounts of silica.
Answer: Igneous
Explanation:
igneous should be your answer because igneous is a type of silica rock
When naming a compound with two elements, the ending of the second element is changed to.
A. -ion
B. -ine
C. -ide
D. -ade
Answer:
C. -ide
Explanation:
Example: Sodium+chlorine turns into Sodium-chloride
Which of the following mechanisms uses high-velocity microprojectiles, coated with DNA, to produce a transgenic plant?
A. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
B. electroporation
C. microinjection
D. biolistic gene transfer
E. None of the answers are correct.
In order to create a transgenic plant, biolistic gene transfer techniques employ high-velocity microprojectiles coated with DNA. (Selection D)
What is DNA, and how does it work?The biological blueprints that distinguish each species are found in a molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA is transferred from adult organisms to their progeny during reproduction, along with the instructions it contains.
Why do humans possess DNA?Genes, which make up DNA and are the foundation of all life. DNA's capacity to repeatedly duplicate itself is its most significant property. When cells divide, when parents give genetic information to their children, and when RNA (ribonucleic acid) is used to code for proteins, DNA must be duplicated.
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Which of the following helps to stabilize eukaryotic mRNA by inhibiting its degradation while in the cytoplasm? A. Spliceosomes B. A 5' modified guanosine triphosphate cap
C. Sigma proteins
D. TATA box E. A 3' Poly(A) tail
Eukaryotic mRNA by inhibiting its degradation while in the cytoplasm are
A. Spliceosomes
B. A 5' modified guanosine triphosphate cap
E. A 3' Poly(A) tail
Translation and mRNA stability are enhanced by the presence of a poly(A) tail. These tails interacts with a conserved polypeptide and poly(A) binding protein.
cap have many important biological roles, such as protecting mRNA from degradation by 5′ exoribonucleases and directing pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA export from the nucleus . In general ,the poly(A) tail at the 3′ end of the transcript often protects messages from degradation.
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What will it cost to carpet a room 12 feet wide and 15 feet long if carpet costs $20.80 per square yard?
a. $334.60
b. $374.40
c. $416.00
d. $504.60
e. $560.00
Option C, The carpet for the room will cost $416.00.
First, we have to Convert the feet to yards first.
12 feet = 4 yards
15 feet = 5 yards
4 yards x 5 yards = 20 square yards.
To calculate this we have a formula:
c=(converted square yards)x(Given cost)
The price is (20 square yards) x ($20.80 per square yard) = $416.00
If you don't convert the feet to yards first, make sure to be very careful with the number of square feet.
12 feet x 15 feet = 180 square feet.
Trying to convert to square yards by dividing by 3 will give you 60 foot-yards, which isn't right, so you have to divide by 3 again to get 20 square yards (i.e there are 9 square feet in a square yard).
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What happens when an organism has
low fitness?
A. It runs the fastest.
B. It has many offspring.
C. It eats well.
D. It struggles to survive.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Which is true about eukaryotic
cells?
A. This classification includes bacterial and
amoeba cells.
B. This classification includes plant and animal
cells.
C. All cells except fungal cells are classified as
eukaryotic cells.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Match the term on left with those on the right. PP Recessive phenotype[Choose ] Homozygous Homozygous recessive Heterozygous Homozygous dominant pp [Choose] True breeding [Choose ] -
The predicted genotypes seen in the progeny of a hybrid between a heterozygous parental plant and a recessive plant are (Pp) and (pp).
Is PP heterozygous dominant or recessive?The predicted genotypes seen in the progeny of a hybrid between a heterozygous parental plant and a recessive plant are (Pp) and (pp). A 1:1 genotypic ratio is anticipated. The progeny will be heterozygous (Pp) in half and homozygous recessive in the other half (pp). Additionally, the phenotypic ratio will be 1:1.Due to the fact that both of their alleles are the same form—PP persons have two dominant alleles and pp individuals have two recessive alleles—PP and pp individuals are referred to as homozygotes.The alleles for each gene in the plant make up the genotype. Here, Pp is the genotype. A plant is homozygous if it has two copies of the same allele. Heterozygous refers to a plant with two distinct alleles.To learn more about homozygotes refer,
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as lisa drove home, she was suddenly alerted to the sound of a blaring horn and realized she had drifted off to sleep. which nervous system division dominated when she was startled awake? question 25 options: sensory nervous system sympathetic nervous system parasympathetic nervous system somatic nervous system
She was shocked awake, according to the statement, and the sympathetic nervous system took over.
How does the sympathetic nervous system work?The best-known function of your sympathetic nervous system is how it reacts to risky or stressful circumstances. Your sympathetic nervous system becomes active in these circumstances to help you escape danger by increasing your heart rate, delivering more blood to your body's oxygen-depleted regions, and other actions.
What causes the sympathetic nervous system to act?The hypothalamus triggers the sympathetic nervous system by communicating with the adrenal glands via the autonomic nerves following an amygdala distress signal. Epinephrine, often known as adrenaline, is released into the bloodstream by these glands as a response.
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Question 1-6
The Artic tundra has an annual temperature range of -34° C to 12° C. Annual precipitation ranges from 15 cm to 25 cm.
Based on these conditions, what characteristic does the Arctic tundra exhibit
O high nutrients
Olow biodiversity
long growing season
small population changes
Answer:Low biodiversity
Explanation: