The surfaces of a lipid bi-layer forming the membrane around a cell with a radius of 1.5 μm has a residual charge qr = 9.1×10-15 C on outside of the bi-layer, and the same amount of negative charge on the inside. What is the force in pN (×10-12 N) on a singly-charged positive ion (q =1.6 ×10-19 C) located on the outer surface of this membrane? Hint: Use F = q E = q (σ/e) with σ = qr/A = qr/ (4π r2) and εo = 8.85 x 10-12 F·m-1.

One red blood cell contains an estimated 251 molecules of haemoglobin, according to our estimation.

The average red blood cell has a diameter of 6 to 8 micrometres, according to the American Society of Haematology, and a volume of 113-268 μm³ or 113-268x10⁻¹² L.

Let's first change the haemoglobin concentration from grammes per litre to grammes per litre so that it has the same units as the molecular weight:

200 μg/μL x 1 g/1000 μg x 10⁶ μL/L = 0.2 g/L

Next, let's translate hemoglobin's molecular weight from kDa to grammes per molecule:

64 kDa x 1000 Da/kDa x 1.66x10⁻²⁴ g/Da = 1.06x10⁻²⁰ g/molecule

Using Avogadro's number, we can now determine how many haemoglobin molecules are present in a single litre of blood ([tex]6.022*10^{23}[/tex] molecules/mol): 0.2 g/L x 1 mol/1.06x10⁻²⁰ g x [tex]6.022*10^{23}[/tex] molecules/mol = 1.13x10¹⁵ molecules/L.

Divide the total number of molecules in 1 litre of blood by the volume of red blood cells to get the amount of haemoglobin molecules per red blood cell. The typical red blood cell count range, according to the American Society of Haematology, is between 4.5-5.5 million cells/L, which translates to 4.5-5.5x10¹² cells/L.

When we divide the quantity of red blood cells in 1 L by the quantity of haemoglobin molecules, we get:

1.13x10¹⁵ molecules/L / 4.5x10¹² cells/L = 251 Red blood cell haemoglobin molecules, rounded to the closest integer.

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The power will increase by about 9.27% (when rounded to two decimal places).

Therefore, the correct answer choice is (b) 9.

The power generated by a windmill is proportional to the cube of the wind speed and which means that if the wind speed increases by 3%, the power generated will increase by:

(1.03)^3 −1 = 0.0927

In physics, power is described as the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. In the International System of Units, the unit of power is the watt.

So the power will increase by about 9.27%

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Answer:

N/A

Explanation:

The following formula can be used to compute the power output of a person lifting a lawnmower:

Work (W) / Time (t) = Power (P).

Where:

Work (W) is defined as the force used to lift the lawnmower multiplied by the distance traveled (i.e., work done against gravity).

Time (t) is the amount of time it takes to lift the lawnmower.

To determine the power output, however, we would need to know the force used to lift the lawnmower as well as the distance it was lifted. We won't be able to provide an accurate power output value without this information.

The bicyclist needs to move backward by a distance of 0.2744 m to reach the nearest point of destructive interference.

The wavelength of the sound wave produced by the horns can be calculated as;

λ = v/f

λ = 343/625

λ = 0.5488 m

let the integer multiple of the wavelength = d

d = mλ

d = 4.50 + x

where;

4.50 + x = mλ

4.50 + x = m(0.5488)

let the odd multiple of half the wavelength = d'

d' = (2n + 1)(λ/2)

d' = 4.50 - y

where;

4.50 - y = (2n + 1)(λ/2)

4.50 - y = (2n + 1)(0.2744)

mλ = 2n(λ/2) + (λ/2) + 4.50 - y

x - y = (2n + 1)(λ/2) - 4.50

x - y = (2n + 1)(0.2744) - 4.50

Let n = 0

x - y = (0 + 1)(0.2744) - 4.50

y = 4.50 - 0.2744

y = 4.2256

The distance is cakculated as;

4.50 - y = 0.2744 m

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The speed of the wave is 99 meters per second.

What is Wave?

A wave is a disturbance or variation that travels through a medium or space, transferring energy without the net movement of matter. Waves can occur in various forms, such as mechanical waves that require a medium for propagation (e.g., sound waves, water waves) or electromagnetic waves that can travel through a vacuum (e.g., light waves, radio waves).

The speed of a wave can be calculated using the formula:

speed (v) = frequency (f) x wavelength (λ)

Given that the frequency (f) is 11 Hz and the wavelength (λ) is 9 meters, we can plug these values into the formula to calculate the speed of the wave:

v = 11 Hz x 9 meters

v = 99 meters per second

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In fact, in the absence of air resistance, the amount of GPE (Gravitational potential energy) energy when the ball is held motionless above the floor equals the amount of KE (Kinetic energy) energy at impact with the floor.

a) The main advantages of an epicyclic gearbox are:

b) i) Using the formula for the gear ratio of an epicyclic gear train:

T4/T3 = (t2/t1) x (t5/t2) x (t4/t5)

T4/30 = (1/2) x (60/20) x (40/60)

T4 = 40 Nm

ii) From the law of gearing for an epicyclic gear train:

w21 = (t3/t2) x (t5/t4) x w31 - (t3/t2) x w2

Substituting the given values:

w21 = (30/20) x (60/40) x 200 - (30/20) x 100

w21 = 150 rad/s

iii) The fixing couple that must be applied to wheel 5 can be found from the power transmitted by the gear train:

P = w3 x T3 = w2 x T2 = w1 x T1

Substituting the given values:

9 kW = 200 rad/s x 30 Nm = w2 x T2 = w2 x 20 Nm

w2 = 450 rad/s

T2 = (9 kW) / (450 rad/s) = 20 Nm

The fixing couple that must be applied to wheel 5 is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to T2, so it is -20 Nm.

iv) The tangential force at the pitch point between wheels 3 and 4 can be found from the formula:

Ft = (2 x Pd) / (m x z3)

where Pd is the diametral pitch, m is the module, and z3 is the number of teeth on wheel 3.

Substituting the given values:

Pd = 25.4 / 5 = 5.08 teeth/inch

z3 = t3 / m = 30 / 5 = 6 teeth

Ft = (2 x 5.08) / (5 x 6) = 0.846 N

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To calculate the final temperature of an air-metal mixture, we need to use the principle of heat transfer.

The heat transfer equation states that the heat gained by the metal is equal to the heat lost by the air. This equation can be written as:

mcΔT = mairCpΔT

To make a prediction of the final temperature, we need to consider factors such as the thermal conductivity of the metal and air, the specific heat capacities of the materials, and the heat transfer coefficients at the metal-air interface. Additionally, the shape and size of the metal object and the surrounding environment can affect the final temperature.

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Blood typing is a process that determines the type of antigens and antibodies present on the surface of red blood cells.

There are four major blood types: A, B, AB, and O. Each blood type is characterized by the presence or absence of certain antigens and antibodies. For example, type A blood has A antigens on the surface of red blood cells and B antibodies in the plasma, while type B blood has B antigens on the surface of red blood cells and A antibodies in the plasma.

Blood transfusions are medical procedures in which blood or blood products are transferred from one person to another. Blood transfusions can be life-saving in situations where a person has lost a significant amount of blood due to injury or surgery, or has a medical condition that affects the production or function of their own blood cells. It is important to match the blood type of the donor and the recipient to prevent adverse reactions, such as hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells) or an immune response.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

One of the main benefits of informational interviewing is that it allows the person conducting the interviews to gain insights and information about a particular career or industry.

The acceleration of mass, m2 is determined as 4.2 m/s².

The acceleration of mass, m2 is calculated by applying Newton's second law of motion, which states that force applied to a body is proportional to the product of mass and acceleration of the body.

F(net) = ma

m2g - m1g = m2a + m1a

a = (m2g - m1g)/(m2 + m1)

where;

a = (5 x 9.8  -  2 x 9.8)/(5 + 2)

a = 4.2 m/s²

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Answer:

Explanation:

Ok I am an expert in this class. two balls which is 32 weighted for both. 21+21=41+1.7=42.7/4=10.7  

Both would=10.7

a) Yes, the force of thrust of the engine does work as it is causing the plane to accelerate and lift off the ground.

b) Yes, the kinetic energy of the plane increases as it takes off and gains speed.

c) Yes, the gravitational potential energy of the plane increases as it gains height.

d) Yes, the force of thrust of the engine changes the mechanical energy of the plane.

The kinetic energy of an object is the form of energy that it possesses due to its motion which is also defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity.

The work done by the engine's thrust increases the plane's kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy, thereby changing its mechanical energy.

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It is called static electricity because Charges cannot easily flow, hence option C is the answer.

Static electricity is called "static" because the charges are not free to move around easily. They tend to build up on the surface of an insulator and remain in place, rather than flowing like current in a conductor.

This buildup of charge can occur due to friction, induction, or any other mechanisms in the conductor. Therefore, option C is the correct option that says "Charges cannot easily flow".

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Explanation:

f= 50Hz

wavelength= 20m

Speed of wave (v) = frequency × wavelength

= 50×20

= 1000m/s

Answer:

the magnitude of the electrostatic force between these two charged particles is 4.32 x 10^-28 N.

Explanation:

F = k * (q1 * q2) / r^2

where:

F is the electrostatic force

k is the Coulomb's constant (9 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2)

q1 and q2 are the charges of the particles

r is the distance between the particles

Plugging in the given values:

q1 = 8 x 10^-19 C

q2 = 4.8 x 10^-19 C

r = 1.2 x 10^-4 m

k = 9 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2

we can calculate the electrostatic force:

F = (9 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2) * (8 x 10^-19 C) * (4.8 x 10^-19 C) / (1.2 x 10^-4 m)^2

F = 4.32 x 10^-28 N

The electrostatic force between these two particles is therefore calculated to be **1.44x10⁻¹⁴ N**1 using Coulomb's equation of electrostatic force.

With a force proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, Coulomb's law states that like charges repel and opposite charges attract. There is a formula that may be used to calculate the force between two point charges. Charles-Augustin de Coulomb created Coulomb's law in 1785

The electrostatic force between two charges is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them and directly proportional to the product of their magnitudes1.

The centers of the two tiny charged particles in this example are separated by a distance of **1.2x10⁻⁴ meter**, with charges of **8x10⁻¹⁹** and **4.8*10⁻¹⁹**, respectively.

F is the electrostatic force

k is the Coulomb's constant (9 x 10⁹ Nm²C²)

q1 and q2 are the charges of the particles

r is the distance between the particles

Plugging in the given values:

q1 = 8 x 10⁻¹⁹ C

q2 = 4.8 x 10⁻¹⁹C

r = 1.2 x 10⁻⁴ m

k = 9 x 10₉ Nm²/C²

we can calculate the electrostatic force:

F = (9 x 10⁹Nm²/C²) * (8 x 10⁻¹⁹ C) * (4.8 x 10⁻¹⁹ C) / (1.2 x 10⁻⁴ m)²

The electrostatic force between these two particles is therefore calculated to be **1.44x10⁻¹⁴N**1 using Coulomb's equation of electrostatic force.

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The traffic cop needs 23.3 seconds to pass the automobile.

When your velocity (not speed) changes, you are accelerating. A automobile moving at a steady 100 km/h in a straight line has no acceleration. Average acceleration is equal to (change in velocity) / (duration). The car's acceleration is zero because its change in velocity is also zero.

[tex]d1 = v1*t1 = 35.0 m/s * 1 s = 35.0 m[/tex]

[tex]d = d1 = 35.0 m[/tex]

[tex]d2 = v2*t + (1/2)at^2[/tex]

[tex]d2 = (1/2)at^2[/tex]

[tex]v2*t + (1/2)at^2 = (1/2)at^2[/tex]

[tex]v2*t = (1/2)at^2[/tex]

Solving for t, we get:

[tex]t = (2v2/a) = (235.0 m/s)/3.0 m/s^2 = 23.3 s[/tex] (rounded to 2 decimal places)

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Claims that if temperature is kept constant, the end result of both volume and pressure is constant. The new level is 1036 Pa, which is how this can be expressed.

So either a strong force or a strong force applied over a short area can cause a lot of pressure. When we stand up compared to when we are walking, more of our feet are in proximity to the earth. Pressure would be lower if there was more surface area in contact.

An external force is an agent that has the power to alter the resting or moving condition of a body. It has a direction and a magnitude. There are both living things and non-living objects in the concept of a force.

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The intensity increases by a factor of 16.

option D.

According to the inverse-square law of sound propagation, the intensity of a sound wave decreases proportionally to the square of the distance from the source.

I ∝ 1/r²

where;

when distance from the source is reduced by a factor of 4, the intensity of the sound wave becomes;

I ∝ 1/4²

I ∝ 1/16

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The composition of the nucleus of bismuth-214 can be described using its nuclide notation, which consists of the element symbol, atomic number, and mass number.The element symbol for bismuth is Bi, which has an atomic number of 83, meaning that all atoms of bismuth have 83 protons in their nucleus.The mass number of bismuth-214 is 214, which means that a typical bismuth-214 nucleus contains 83 protons and 131 neutrons (since mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons).Therefore, the nucleus of bismuth-214 can be represented by the nuclide notation: ^214Bi.

Answer:one centimeter is equal to one hundredth of a meter (1 cm = 0.01 m).

Explanation:

The Pennsylvanian towns of Donora were struck by a smog at the end of October 1948 that forever altered the way environmental protection was practiced in the country.

During this, 20 people were confirmed dead, according to conservative estimates, while 5900 more people, or 43% of Donora's population, were adversely affected by the smog.

A firetruck and an ambulance from Donora's first responders started responding to calls. These rescue cars had to be led by a man walking in front carrying a torch due to the darkness. Later, when this technique was rendered impossible, firefighters started going door to door to give residents of Donora oxygen. Doctors advised anyone with long-term medical concerns to leave, but as the fog grew thicker, the routes became impassable.

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The electric potential energy lost in this reaction is approximately 2.81 eV.

What is potential energy?

To calculate the electric potential energy lost in this reaction, we first need to calculate the difference in electric potential energy between the initial and final states. We can use the following formula to calculate electric potential energy:

E = kq1q2/r

where E is the electric potential energy, k is Coulomb's constant (8.99 x [tex]10^{9}[/tex] N*m²/C²), q1 and q2 are the charges of the two particles, and r is the separation distance between them.

In this case, we have an electron and a proton, which have charges of -1.602 x [tex]10^{-19}[/tex]  C and +1.602 x [tex]10^{-19}[/tex]  C, respectively. The initial separation distance is 0.115 nm, which is 1.15 x [tex]10^{-10}[/tex]  m, and the final separation distance is 0.105 nm, which is 1.05 x [tex]10^{-10}[/tex]  m.

So, the initial electric potential energy is:

E_initial = kq_electronq_proton/r_initial

= (8.99 x [tex]10^{9}[/tex]  N*m²/C²) * (-1.602 x [tex]10^{-19}[/tex] C) * (1.602 x [tex]10^{-19}[/tex]  C) / (1.15 x [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] m)

= -1.44 x [tex]10^{-18}[/tex]  J

And the final electric potential energy is:

E_final = kq_electronq_proton/r_final

= (8.99 x [tex]10^{9}[/tex] N*m²/C²) * (-1.602 x [tex]10^{-19}[/tex]  C) * (1.602 x [tex]10^{-19}[/tex]  C) / (1.05 x [tex]10^{-10}[/tex]  m)

= -1.89 x [tex]10^{-18}[/tex] J

The electric potential energy lost in this reaction is:

ΔE = E_final - E_initial

= (-1.89 x [tex]10^{-18}[/tex] J) - (-1.44  x [tex]10^{-18}[/tex] J)

= -0.45 x [tex]10^{-18}[/tex]   J

To express the electric potential energy lost in units of eV, we can use the following conversion factor:

1 eV = 1.602 x [tex]10^{-19}[/tex] J

So, the electric potential energy lost in this reaction is:

ΔE = (-0.45 x [tex]10^{-18}[/tex] J) / (1.602 x [tex]10^{-19}[/tex] J/eV)

= -2.81 eV

Therefore, the electric potential energy lost in this reaction is approximately 2.81 eV.

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The power in kilowatts (kW) of a realistic ocean wave is 40 kW.

option B.

The power in kilowatts (kW) of a realistic ocean wave can be estimated using the following formula:

Power (kW) = 0.5 x (Crest Length in meters) x (Wave Height in meters)^2 x (Wave Period in seconds) x (Density of Water in kg/m^3) x (Gravity in m/s^2)

Given the wave parameters for the Baltic Sea: wave height of 1.25 m, wave period of 5 s, and a crest length of 10 m, we can plug in these values to calculate the power.

Wave height (H) = 1.25 m

Wave period (T) = 5 s

Crest length (L) = 10 m

Density of water (ρ) = 1025 kg/m^3 (typical value for sea water)

Gravity (g) = 9.81 m/s^2 (typical value on Earth)

Plugging in these values into the formula:

Power (kW) = 0.5 x 10 x (1.25)^2 x 5 x 1025 x 9.81

Calculating the above expression, we get:

Power ≈ 40 kW

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"Greenland ice sheet melting at alarming rate of 8,300 tonnes per second" is a recent article addressing some aspect of environmental science that we have covered so far this year.

This article, published in The Guardian in January 2021, addresses the melting of the Greenland ice sheet, which is a topic covered in environmental science. The article highlights a new study that found the ice sheet is melting at a rate of 8,300 tonnes per second, which is seven times faster than in the 1990s.

The melting of the Greenland ice sheet contributes significantly to rising sea levels and could have disastrous consequences for coastal communities worldwide. The article discusses the causes and potential consequences of this rapid melting, as well as the urgent need for action to mitigate climate change and its effects. This topic relates to the study of climate change, the cryosphere, and the impacts of human activity on the environment.

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Answer:

13.6569 minutes

Explanation:

The eagle flies east for 4 minutes and then north for 4 minutes. This creates a right triangle with sides of 4 and 4. You can find the other side of a right triangle (hypotenuse) by using the Pythagorean theorem, a^2 + b^2 = c^2

C is the hypotenuse which is the longest side, and A and B are the other two sides. So C equals 4^2 + 4^2 = c^2. c=5.6569. So the total distance traveled is 4+4+5.6569=13.6569