Km for this substrate Is 2 mM. Vmax of the substance is 14.9995 mM/s. The value of Kea for this enzyme is approximately 1.249 x 10^6 M^-1*s^-1. For this enzyme kea to km is very high ratio, indicating that the enzyme is a good substrate for the enzyme.
To calculate Km from a Lineweaver-Burk plot, you need to find the substrate concentration at which the reciprocal of the substrate concentration (1/[S]) is equal to the reciprocal of the initial velocity (1/V0). This point is called the point of inflection on the Lineweaver-Burk plot. In this case, the point of inflection is located at a substrate concentration of approximately 20 mM. At this point, the reciprocal of the substrate concentration is 1/[S] = 1/20 mM = 0.05, and the reciprocal of the initial velocity is 1/V0 = 0.1. To calculate Km, you can use the equation: Km = (1/V0) / (1/[S]) Plugging in the values, you get: Km = (1/V0) / (1/[S]) = 0.1 / 0.05 = 2 mM The value of Km for this substrate is 2 mM. To calculate Vmax, you can use the equation: Vmax = V0 / (1 + Km/[S]). Where Vmax is the maximum initial velocity, V0 is the initial velocity, Km is the Michaelis constant, and [S] is the substrate concentration. Aa substrate concentration of 2.5 x 10^4 mM, the initial velocity is approximately 15 mM/s. Plugging in the values, you get: Vmax = 15 mM/s / (1 + 2 mM / 2.5 x 10^4 mM) = 15 mM/s / (1 + 8 x 10^-4) = 15 mM/s / 1.00008 = 14.9995 mM/s The value of Vmax for this enzyme is approximately 14.9995 mM/s. To calculate Kea, you can use the equation: Kea = Vmax / [E] Where Kea is the catalytic constant, Vmax is the maximum initial velocity, and [E] is the enzyme concentration. Plugging in the values, you get: Kea = 14.9995 mM/s / (1.2 x 10^-7 M) = 1.249 x 10^6 M^-1*s^-1 The value of Kea for this enzyme is approximately 1.249 x 10^6 M^-1*s^-1. The ratio of Kea to Km is a measure of the efficiency of the enzyme-substrate complex. A high ratio indicates that the enzyme is a good substrate for the enzyme, while a low ratio indicates that the enzyme is a poor substrate for the enzyme. In this case, the ratio of Kea to Km is approximately 1.249 x 10^6 M^-1s^-1 / 2 mM = 6.245 x 10^4 M^-1s^-1. This is a very high ratio, indicating that the enzyme is a good substrate for the enzyme.
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what is the ratio of the volume occupied before the reaction to that following the reaction? enter your answer in the form of a decimal number.
the ratio of the volume occupied before the reaction to that following the reaction is 0.5.
the ratio of volume is calculated by v1/v2 where v1=n1=4 and v2=n2=8, hence 4/8=1/2=0.5.The percentage of gases which react to create a product is regarded to as the volume ratio. Consider the following aspects nitrogen and oxygen. As seen in the balanced chemical equation below, when these gases react, nitrogen dioxide is formed. Based on Avogadro's molar volume hypothesis, we can calculate the volume equivalents of the moles. The law of Avogadro. According to Avogadro's law, the volume occupied by one gram-mole of gas is approximately 22.4 litres (0.791 cubic foot) at standard temperature and pressure (0 °C, 1 atmosphere). Avogadro's gas law is expressed as V/n = k, where V is volume, n is the number of gas particles, and k is a constant. V1/n1 = V2/n2 is another way to express Avogadro's gas law.
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The complete question is :
VISUALIZATION Avogadro's Law 8 + 8 Molecules 4 Molecules,what is the ratio of the volume occupied before the reaction to that following the reaction? enter your answer in the form of a decimal number.
HELPP how many moles are there in each of the following??? Please this assignment is due today
atleast do one problem if you can
a) 0.998 moles.
b) 0.498 moles.
c) 1.6264 × 10³ moles
d) 2.64 × 10⁻¹³ moles
What is no. of moles?The mole is a unit of measurement or the starting point for determining the concentration of a chemical in a sample. Avogadro's constant, or 1 mole, is a quantity that is equal to 6.023 x 10²³ particles. Any species, such as atoms, molecules, electrons, protons, neutrons, etc., can make up these particles.
a)
As we know,
6.023 × 10²³ molecules of He = 1 mole
so, 6.013 × 10²³ molecules of He = (1/6.023 × 10²³) × (6.013 × 10²³)
= 0.998 moles.
b)
As we know,
6.023 × 10²³ molecules of Mg = 1 mole
so, 3.003 × 10²³ molecules of Mg = (1/6.023 × 10²³) × (3.003 × 10²³)
= 0.498 moles.
c)
Given that,
Mass (m) = 3.37 × 10⁵ gm
Molar mass of Pb (M) = 207.2
now, n = m/M
or, n = (3.37 × 10⁵) / 207.2
or, n = 1.6264 × 10³ moles
d)
Given that,
Mass (m) =4.23 × 10⁻¹² gm
Molar mass of O (M) = 15.999
now, n = m/M
or, n = (4.23 × 10⁻¹²) / 15.999
or, n = 2.64 × 10⁻¹³ moles.
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Draw a Lewis structure for SO2 in which all atoms obey the octet rule. Show formal charges. Do not consider ringed structures.
Draw a Lewis structure for SO2 in which all atoms have a formal charge of zero. Explicitly showing the zero charges is optional. Do not consider ringed structures.
In SO2, both the oxygen atoms have same number of unshared and shared electrons. so they have formal charge of zero. this explains from the Lewis structure.
Lewis structure shows the bonding between atoms in a molecule and also shows lone pair of electrons present on the atoms. Charge on an atom without considering electronegativity differences is called as formal charge. Sulphur belongs to group 6A of the periodic table. Thus, Sulphur has 6 valance electrons atom is 6. Sulphur atom also has 6 valance electrons. Total number of valance electrons is 18. All the atoms in the molecule are connected with covalent bonds. Lone pairs of electrons are also added to each atom. Each atom of the molecule has octet. Both the oxygen atoms have same number of unshared and shared electrons. So, they have formal charge of zero. Thus, formal charges on all the atoms are zero.
Octet rule is a rule of thumb in determining where the valance electrons orient themselves or are shared. It implies that every element would want to fill its s and p orbitals in the valence electron shell.
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The diagrams above represent two allotropes of solid phosphorus. Which of the following correctly identifies the allotrope with the higher melting point and explains why?
Allotrope I, because it has P4 molecules with covalent bonds that are stronger than dispersion forces between individual P atoms in allotrope II.
Allotrope II, because it has covalent bonds between the phosphorous atoms that are stronger than the dispersion forces between the P4 molecules in allotrope I.
Allotrope II, because it has metallic bonding that is stronger than the covalent bonding found in the P4 molecules in allotrope I.
Both allotropes have the same melting point because they both contain phosphorous atom
Allotrope 1 because it lacks the covalent bonds that are present in allotrope 2 between the phosphorus atoms. Allotrope 1 because it lacks the covalent bonds that are present in allotrope 2 between the phosphorus atoms.
Phosphorus exists in nature in a variety of allotropic forms. White phosphorus, black phosphorus, and red phosphorus are the three most significant allotropic forms of phosphorus. Study about the phosphorus allotropic forms and their characteristics.
Different forms of the element with variations in its molecular structure and organization are known as allotropes of solid phosphorus. Due to the lack of covalent connections between the phosphorus atoms in allotrope 1, it is more stable than allotrope 2 and has
higher melting point.
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1. The standard enthalpy of formation values, standard entropy values, and the standard free energy of formation values are listed in Appendix C, and other Thermodynamic tables.
Which of the following is not a requirement for standard state conditions. (Be sure not to confuse standard state conditions with STP conditions used for gas phase systems.)
A) Gases: 1 atm pressure
B) Solutions: 1 M concentration
C) Solid: Pure
D) Liquid: Pure
E)
Temperature: 273 K
The following is not a requirement for standard state conditions: Gases: 1 atm pressure ,Liquid: Pure ,Temperature: 273 K.
The standard state of a substance (pure substance, mixture or solution) is the reference point for calculating properties under various conditions. A superscripted circle ° (degree symbol) or the Plimsoll symbol (⦵) is used to denote thermodynamic quantities in the standard state. B. Enthalpy change (ΔH°), entropy change (ΔS°), or Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) [1][2]. The standard recommends plimsoll, but the degree symbol is widely used.
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make a list of information you must know in order to write the correct formula for an ionic compound (this list may require reviewing all of the activities so far).
The correct formula for an ionic compound is total charge of cations = total charge of anions.
Ionic compounds do not exist usually as molecules. In the solid state, the ionic compounds are in crystal lattice that is generally containing many ions among which each of the cation and anion. An ionic formula, such as like NaCl , is an empirical formula. This formula merely indicates that sodium chloride is made of an equal number of sodium and chloride ions. Sodium sulfide, another ionic compound, has the formula Na2S . This formula generally indicates that this compound is made up of twice as many sodium ions as sulfide ions. This section will teach you how to find the correct ratio of ions, so that we can write a correct formula.
If we know the name of a binary ionic compound, you can write its chemical formula. Start by writing the metal ion with its charge, followed by the nonmetal ion with its charge. Because the overall compound must be strictly electrically neutral, decide how many of each ion is needed in order for the positive and negative charges to cancel each other out.
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Write structural formulas for all of the possible structural isomers of n-hexene that can be formed by moving the position of the double bond. Draw the molecules on the canvas by choosing buttons from the Tools (for bonds), Atoms, and Advanced Template toolbars. The single bond is active by default.
The same molecular formula exists in structural isomers, but their atom connectivities change.
By shifting the double bond's position, n-hexene can have three structural isomers. Below is a list of these isomers' structural formulas:
H2C=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 6
1-hexene
1 H3C CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 6
2-hexene
6 H3C CH2-CH-CH-CH2-CH3 1
3-hexene
The term "structural isomer," also known as a "constitutional isomer," refers to a group of two or more organic compounds that share the same chemical formula but have different structures. In spite of having an identical chemical formula, the two molecules below differ in where the methyl group is located.
for illustration, The chemical formulae of butane and isobutane are identical because they both contain the same number of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms.
Five categories exist for structural isomerism:
Chain isomerism.Position isomerism.Functional group isomerism.Metamerism.Tautomerism.To learn more about Structural isomers. Please visit the below link.
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the conversion of succinate to oxaloacetate during krebs cycle involves reduction, dehydration, reduction oxidation, hydration, oxidation oxidation, dehydration, oxidation reduction, hydration, reduction
During the Krebs cycle, succinate is converted to oxaloacetate through oxidation, hydration, and oxidation.
There were three processes involved in converting succinate to oxaloacetate. First, fumarate is produced by oxidising succinate. Oxidation is the result of the removal of hydrogen from succinate. These hydrogen are taken up by FAD, resulting in FADH2.
Hydration then follows. Malate is created by combining fumarate with water.
Malate is then subjected to oxidation by loosing hydrogen, which NAD takes up. Oxaloacetate is created when malate undergoes oxidation.
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1- methoxy 1- propene
Answer:
it will have the following structure formula
C4H8O
Explanation:
Now the structure of C4H8O is as follows:
freshwater is naturally occurring water, which is 2.5% of global water such as lakes, rivers, streams, ground water, and rainwater. true or false?
True- freshwater is naturally occurring water, which is 2.5% of global water such as lakes, rivers, streams, ground water, and rainwater.
What is biome?Biological communities that have developed in response to their physical environment[1] and a common regional climate make up a biome (/ba.om/), a biogeographical unit. Various continents may have different biomes. A biome can include a number of environments because the phrase is more general than habitat.
A microbiome is a combination of organisms that coexist in a specific location on a much smaller scale than a biome, which can encompass enormous areas. The collection of bacteria, viruses, and other microbes found on or in human bodies is known as the human microbiome, for instance. The complete group of living things found in a place or time is called a "biota."
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How many nitrogen gas, hydrogen gas, and ammonia molecules would be needed in order for this chemical equation to follow the law of conservation of mass?
N2+H2 > NH3
1 nitrogen gas molecule, 1 hydrogen gas molecule, 1 ammonia molecule
1 nitrogen gas molecule, 1 hydrogen gas molecule, 2 ammonia molecules
1 nitrogen gas molecules, 3 hydrogen gas molecules, 2 ammonia molecules
2 nitrogen gas molecules, 3 hydrogen gas molecules, 2 ammonia molecules
N₂ + 3H₂ ⇒ 2NH₃ this is chemical equation to follow the law of conservation of mass. 1 nitrogen gas molecules, 3 hydrogen gas molecules, 2 ammonia molecules required. Therefore, option C is correct.
What is ammonia ?With the formula NH3, ammonia is a nitrogen and hydrogen inorganic chemical. Ammonia, the simplest pnictogen hydride and a stable binary hydride, is a colorless gas with a strong, pungent odor.
Ammonia produced by industry is used as fertilizer in agriculture to the tune of 80%. In addition to these uses, ammonia is made into polymers, explosives, textiles, insecticides, dyes, and other chemicals. It is also used to purify water sources.
1 nitrogen gas molecules, 3 hydrogen gas molecules, 2 ammonia molecules are needed in order for this chemical equation to follow the law of conservation of mass.
Thus, option C is correct.
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Which of the following represents an element in its most stable form at standard state? (Select all that apply.] O N (g) O C (diamond) O CO2 (g) O I2 (s) O Ge (s) O Pt (s) O O2 (g) O Na+ (s)
Element in its most stable form at standard state:
CO2(g) , I2(s) , Pt(s) , O2(g)
The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the last shell or orbital is called a stable element. In the case of helium, the helium atom has only one shell. The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the first shell is two. Therefore, the helium "two-electron" pattern system is stable. Most stable elements have an "octet electron configuration". Other examples are Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe) and Radon (Rn). These elements are chemically stable elements, so they usually do not react chemically. Floating objects that are denser than water, such as razor blades and insects, float on the surface of the water without being partially submerged.
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when adding refrigerant to a newly evacuated system, which of the following is the best method
When adding refrigerant to a newly evacuated system, add liquid refrigerant to the system through the liquid-line service valve. The correct option is B.
What is a refrigerant?A refrigerant is a substance that is used in a heat cycle to transfer heat from one area to another.
At room temperature, it is usually a gas. Found in almost everything that cools, and occasionally in things that heat, most notably air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, and vehicle air conditioners.
If liquid refrigerant is added to the suction line while the system is not running, the compressor may be flooded upon startup.
The compressor will not start in some cases. Only liquid refrigerant should be added to the liquid line when the system is not running.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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Your question seems incomplete, the missing options are:
A. Add liquid refrigerant to the system through the suction- line service valve
B. Add liquid refrigerant to the system through the liquid-line service valve
C. Add vapor refrigerant to the system through the suction- line service valve
D. Add vapor refrigerant to the system through the liquid- line service valve
When you go up into the mountains or fly high in an airplane, the air is
thinner and the pressure is lower. The air pressure at sea level at a
temperature of 59°F (15°C) is equal to one atmosphere (Atm), and this
is the baseline reading for determining relative pressure.
HOW DOES THIS FACT( SUB QUESTION) RELATE TO MY RESEARCH QUESTION WHICH IS
What effect does the amount of air pressure have on how far a soccer ball travels when kicked?
The fact that air pressure is lower at higher altitudes or in airplanes is relevant to your research question because it means that the amount of air pressure can affect how far a soccer ball travels when kicked. In general, the higher the air pressure, the more force the air exerts on the soccer ball, which can cause it to travel a greater distance. Conversely, the lower the air pressure, the less force the air exerts on the soccer ball, which can cause it to travel a shorter distance.
Therefore, if you were to conduct a study on how the amount of air pressure affects the distance a soccer ball travels when kicked, you would need to take into account the fact that air pressure is lower at higher altitudes or in airplanes. This could be done by measuring the air pressure at the location where the soccer ball is kicked, and comparing it to the baseline air pressure at sea level to determine the relative air pressure. You could then use this information to calculate the expected distance the soccer ball should travel based on the amount of air pressure present. This would help ensure that your results are accurate and can be compared to other studies on this topic.
True or False: bulk deformation of magnesium is only possible at hot-working temperatures somewhat above the melting point
True: bulk deformation of magnesium is only possible at hot-working temperatures somewhat above the melting point
Magnesium supports muscle and neuron function as well as energy synthesis in the body, among many other vital functions. Typically, low magnesium levels don't result in any symptoms. On the other hand, persistently low levels can raise your risk of osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.
The chemical element magnesium has the atomic number 12 and the letter Mg as its symbol. It is a glossy grey metal that is similar to the other five alkaline earth metals in terms of both physical and chemical characteristics (group 2 of the periodic table).
Only in the presence of other elements does magnesium naturally arise, and in these situations, it almost invariably possesses a +2 oxidation state. The artificially created free element (metal) is very reactive. The liberated metal emits a distinctive brilliant-white light during combustion.
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buna s. the americans, who improved upon its manufacturing with the copolymerization of butadiene and styrene, gave it the name gr-s (government rubber-styrene) throughout the duration of the war. this copolymer, later known as sbr, quickly rose to prominence as the most significant synthetic rubber, accounting for nearly half of global output
Buna-S is a synthetic rubber. The monomers that are used for it is butadiene and styrene. It is generally used for making automobiles tyres, floor tiles, footwear components etc.
Any artificial elastomer is generally referred to as synthetic rubber. Synthetic rubber is usually derived from the additional polymers of polyene monomers and, unless the synthetic rubber is disclosed as a polysulfide rubber, laminates that is usually containing such a layer will be classified with additional polymers.
Synthetic rubber is any man-made elastomer. They're polymers made from petroleum byproducts. Synthetic rubber, like natural rubber, has several applications in the automobile sector, which is generally including tyres, door and window profiles, seals such as O-rings and gaskets, hoses, belts, matting, and flooring.
Buna-S is a polymer.
Its name derives Bu stands for butadiene and Na stands for sodium and S stands for Styrene.
It is formed by the copolymerization of butadiene and styrene.
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a heat engine takes in 330 j of energy from a hot reservoir and performs 22.0 j of work in each cycle.
The efficiency of a heat engine, which consumes 330 j from a heated reservoir and expels 308 j of energy every cycle, is 6.66%.
A closed-cycle device called a heat engine uses heat from a hot reservoir to do beneficial work before rejecting the leftover heat to a cool reservoir.A cylindrical thermal conductor links a hot reservoir at 50 °C with a cold reservoir at -60 °C.
(a) Using formula of efficiency as:
e= W en8/∣Q h ∣ = 22.0J/330J =0.0666 or 6.66%
(b) Energy expelled to the cold reservoir in each cycle:
∣Q e ∣=∣Q h ∣−W eng =330J−22.0J=308J
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complete question:
A heat engine takes in 330 J of energy from a hot reservoir and performs 22.0 J of work in each cycle. Find (a) the efficiency of the engine and (b) the energy expelled to the cold reservoir in each cycle.
for each reaction, consider whether a reaction will move in the forward (right) or reverse (left) direction? select the arrow that best indicates the acid-base equilibrium position.
A forward reaction is a reaction in which the products are produced from reactants and it goes from left to right in a reversible reaction.
Chemical equilibrium is the state in which both reactants and products are present in the concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time. A forward reaction is a reaction in which products are usually produced from reactants and it goes from left to right in a reversible reaction.
A backward reaction is a reaction in which reactants are produced from products and it goes from right to left in a reversible reaction. Chemical equilibrium is achieved when the rate of the forward reaction is generally equal to the rate of the backward reaction.
For a reversible reaction, one is the forward reaction and the other is generally considered as the backward reaction. The forward reactions usually favour the formation of products and the backward reaction favours the formation of reactants.
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arrange the following in order of increasing radius and increasing ionization energy?
The ionization energy grows from left to right during the course of a period and drops from top to bottom in groups. As a result, helium has the highest initial ionization energy whereas francium has one of the lowest.
Why is ionization necessary?We utilize ionizing radiation on a daily basis to keep ourselves healthy. Smoke detectors emit ionizing radiation, which is also employed in many other aspects of daily life, including the sterilization of blood and medical equipment. It is a byproduct of the nuclear power industry as well.
What kind of energy is ionization?The amount of energy required for an isolated, gaseous atom to discharge one electron, creating a cation, is known as the ionization energy. Typically, kJ/mol is used to express this energy.
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Which of these is NOT correct?1. Kinases are enzymes that phosphorylate other molecules.2. Cyclic AMP binds to calmodulin.3. Ion channels are found on both the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum.4. Tyrosine-kinase receptors consist of two polypeptides that join when activated by a signal molecule.5. Phospholipase C catalyzes the formation of IP3.
False: Cyclic AMP binds to calmodulin Calcium binds to calmodulin is the appropriate response.
This protein-protein interaction ultimately has a physiological consequence; for instance, in smooth muscle, Ca2+ binding to calmodulin causes it to connect with and activate myosin light chain kinase, which in turn catalyses the phosphorylation of myosin. The smooth muscle contracts as a result of this reaction.
The protein calmodulin interacts with calcium ions as they enter a cell. Four calcium sites are present in this protein, and when three or four of these sites are occupied by calcium, the calmodulin changes form and starts a number of internal cell processes, such as the activation or inhibition of protein kinases.
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CO(g) + 2 H2(g) <--> CH3OH(g)DH < 0The synthesis of CH3OH(g) from CO(g) and H2(g) is represented by the equation above. The value of Kc for the reaction at 483 K is 14.5.Which of the following explains the effect on the equilibrium constant, Kc , when the temperature of the reaction system is increased to 650 K?
According to how long it takes the block n to reach equilibrium, sort the scenarios. 26 is the equilibrium constant.
First, use an ICE table to write the balanced chemical equation.
2H2(g) + CO(g) = CH3OH (g)
I/mol/L: 0.500, 0.100, and 0 C/mol/L: -2, -2, and + x
E/mol L-1: 0.5 - x; 0. 0 - 2 x; x
[CO] = 0.15 mol/L = (0.500 - x) mol/L at equilibrium.
So \sx \s = 0.500 – 0.15 = 0.35Consequently, [ H 2 ] = (0.100 - 2 x) mol/L equals (0.100 - 0.25 mol/L) mol/L equals 0.30 mol/L
and
[CH 3 OH ] = 0.35 mol/L for x mol/L of CH 3 OH.
K \seq \s= \s[ \SCH \s3 \SOH \s]
[ \SCO \s]
[ \SH \s2 \s]
2 \s= \s0.35 \s0.15 \s× \s0.30 \s2 \s = 26
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Consider the generic ionic compounds with the formulas AX and BY and the following solubility rules: AX soluble; BY soluble; AY soluble; BX insoluble Let circles represent A+ ions, squares represent B+ ions, triangles represent X? ions, and diamonds represent Y? ions. We can then represent solutions of the two compounds (AX and BY) as follows:
Draw a molecular-level representation showing the result of mixing the two solutions.
Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Note: not all labels will be used.
As the BX is insoluble but is an ionic salt that shows that the reaction forms the precipitate and BX will remain settled at the bottom. While AY is soluble salt means in an aqueous solution it will remain in form of ions.
The distance between the A+ circle and Y- y-diamond will be represented as larger than the distance between the B+ square and X- triangle. Distance shows the interaction of water molecules with ions.
The reaction is = AX(aq) + BY(aq) --> AY(aq) + BX(s)
Ionic compounds are neutral compounds made up of positively charged ions called cations and negatively charged ions called anions. For binary ionic compounds name the compound by writing the name of the cation first and then the name of the anion.
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the pulley shown below is massless and frictionless. if the system is released from rest from the position shown, which of the following statements are true (more than one answer can be correct). since block b is larger and heavier than block a, the pulley will rotate clockwise.
A massless string crosses a frictionless pulley while carrying two masses at its ends: m and me (m;> m.
What exactly does it mean when a pulley has no friction?When we say a pulley is frictionless, we mean that there is little to no friction in its bearings, which allows the pulley to rotate freely and without encountering any resistance. We don't want to imply that there is little to no friction between the string and the surface of the pulley.
How can the tension be determined in a frictionless pulley system?The following equations are used to determine the tension T = M x A. If you are attempting to determine T in a simple pulley system with a mass of 9g and an upward acceleration of 2m/s2, then T = 9g x 2m/s2 = 18gm/s2
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if the solute is less volatile than water, explain what will happen to the volumes in the two containers as time passes.
After a while, the volume of water will shrink and the volume of the aqueous solution will grow.
What exactly does the word "solute" mean?Solute refers to an object that dissolves in a solution. In fluid solutions, there is a larger concentration of solvent than solute. Salt and water are two excellent examples of substances that we use on a daily basis. Since salt dissolves in water, it serves as the solute.
Water: a solute or not?Solute is the name for the substance that dissolves in the solvent. Solute concentration is lower than solvent concentration. One instance of a mixture where salt serves as the solute and water as the solvent is salt and water.
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Starting with triphenylphosphine and any desired alkyl halide, plus any desired aldehyde or ketone, show how the following alkene can be prepared via a Wittig synthesis. You do not have to specify which base is used.
The target molecule is Alkene
By synthesis ( by witting reaction)
Witting reaction is a Carbon - Carbon bond forming reaction which provides a platform from aldehydes and ketones to alkenes and which is a valuable tool in organic synthesis.
The final product of the witting reaction when reacted with ketones or aldehydes with Triphenyl phosphonimum ylide will be Alkenes followed by Triphenyl - phosphine oxide.
Triphenylphosphine when reacts with 2-bromo propane
gives rise to a base
on reacting an ylide with betaine which gives rise to oxaphos - phetane
and then to our desired molecule ( Alkene) + Triphenyl - phosphine oxide as the product of our reaction.
Hence the starting compounds are as follows
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an unknown gas x effuses 1.65 times faster than propane (c3h8). what is the molar mass of gas x? (round to nearest whole number; omit units). [blank] g/mol
The molar mass of unknown gas is - 16 g/mole
To calculate the rate of diffusion of gas is , we use Graham's law.
This law states that the rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to the square root of of the molar mass of the gas. The equation of the law is :
Rate of diffusion [tex]\alpha[/tex] [tex]\frac{1}{ \sqrt{ Molar mass of the gas} }[/tex]
Given that,
[tex]Rate_{unknown gas}[/tex] = 1.65 ×[tex]Rate_{C_{3}H_{8} }[/tex]
we know that,
Molar mass of the propane = 44 g/mole
Take the ratio of rate of diffusion of gases, we get:
[tex]\frac{Rate_{( unknown gas)} }{Rate_{C_{3} H_{8} } }[/tex] = [tex]\sqrt{} \frac{MC_{3}H _{8} }{ M_{(unknown gas)} }[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\frac{1.65 * Rate_{C_{3} H_{8} } }{ Rate_{C_{3} H_{8} }}[/tex] = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{44}{ M_{(unknown gas} } }[/tex]
⇒ 1.65 = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{44}{M_{(unknown gas} } } }[/tex]
⇒ [tex]1.65^{2}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{44}{M_{(unknown gas)} }[/tex]
⇒ [tex]M_{(unknown gas)}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{44}{2.7225}[/tex]
⇒ [tex]M_{(unknown gas)}[/tex] = 16.1616
[tex]M_{(unknown gas)}[/tex] = 16
Hence, the molar mass of unknown gas is - 16 g/mole.
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Calcium oxide reacts with water in a combination reaction to produce calcium hydroxide:
CaO (s) + H₂O (1)→ Ca(OH)2 (s)
A 3.50-g sample of CaO is reacted with 3.38 g of H₂O. How many grams of water remain after completion of reaction?
The experiment's yield as a percentage was 92.4%. The reaction's balanced equation is provided below: CaO + H₂O —>Ca(OH)₂
How much water is left over when the reaction is finished?The mass of CaO that reacted and the mass of Ca(OH)2 generated by the balanced equation will then be determined.
CaO has a molar mass of 40 plus 16.
= 56 g/mol
The balanced equation yields the mass of CaO as 1 56 = 56 g.
Ca(OH)2's molecular mass is 40 + 2(16 + 1)
= 74 g/mol
The balanced equation yields the mass of Ca(OH)2 as 1 74 = 74 g.
From the above balanced equation,
56 grams of CaO were converted into 74 grams of Ca(OH)2.
When 5 g of CaO reacts, 6.61 g of Ca(OH)2 is created.
Therefore, 6.61 g is the theoretical yield of Ca(OH)2.
Finally, we will calculate the Ca(OH)2 percentage yield.
Ca(OH)2 really produced 6.11 g.
Ca(OH)2 theoretical yield is 6.61 g.
The percentage of Ca(OH)2 that was produced was 92.4%.
Consequently, the experiment's percentage yield is 92.4%.
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write chemical equations for the five sn2 substitution reactions that you performed in part 1 of this lab. arrange the five substrates in increasing order of reactivity and provide suitable explanations for your answer
in this answer, we will be talking about the SN2 mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions. As an introduction to nucleophilic substitutions, these are reactions where the nucleophile replaces the leaving group.
The species that attack with a lone pair and expels the leaving group is the Nucleophile (electron-rich, like a nucleus since it is positively charged).
The leaving group (LG) is kicked out by the nucleophile. The molecule with the leaving group is generally classified as the Substrate (molecule of interest)
The substrate in substitution reactions is the Electrophile (electron-deficient)
K is the counterion. Counterions are often omitted since they are not part of the organic product and do not make influence on the course of the reaction
These reactions are divided into two main types: One, in which the nucleophilic attack and the loss of the leaving group happen at the same time, and the second time, in which the loss of the leaving group happens before the nucleophile can attack the reaction.
When everything happens simultaneously, it is called a concerted mechanism of the reaction. This is the SN2 mechanism.
When the processes happen one after the other, one by one, it is a stepwise mechanism – the SN1 mechanism.
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which of the following statements is true? which of the following statements is true? intermolecular forces are generally stronger than bonding forces. increasing the pressure on a solid usually causes it to become a liquid. the potential energy of molecules decrease as they get closer to one another. energy is given off when the attraction between two molecules is broken. none of the above are true.
The correct answer is b). The potential energy of molecules decreases as they get closer to one another.
This is true because molecules are attracted to one another by intermolecular forces, which are weaker than chemical bonds. As molecules come closer together, the intermolecular forces increase in strength, and this increase in strength is greater than the decrease in potential energy.
Therefore, the total potential energy of the molecules decreases as they get closer together. This is in contrast to a and d, which are false. Increasing pressure on a solid does not usually cause it to become a liquid, and intermolecular forces are generally weaker than bonding forces.
In c, energy is not given off when the attraction between two molecules is broken, but instead when bonds are broken.
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sodium borohydride is reactive and a selective reducing agent than lithium aluminum hydride.
When compared to aluminium hydride, the anion of Sodium borohydride is substantially less reactive. With protic solvents like water, it reacts very slowly. It can be utilised in an ethanol-based solvent or a basic aqueous solution.
Sodium borohydride works well as a reducer. It works just as well as lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) for reducing aldehydes and ketones to alcohols while being less potent. It typically won't decrease esters, carboxylic acids, or amides by itself (although it will reduce acyl chlorides to alcohols). Sodium borohydride is more chemoselective in action because it is less reactive than lithium aluminium hydride. At room temperature, it only reacts slowly with most alcohols and water, and it reduces with this reagent.
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