The Fischer Esterification method is used to accomplish this preparation of isopentyl acetate.
The Fischer esterification is an alternative esterification mechanism that uses an equilibrium process. It is standard procedure to use an excess of one of the reactants, often alcohol or acid, to alter the equilibrium in a way that facilitates the synthesis of esters. Since acetic acid is less costly and more readily removed than alcohol, we will use a lot of it in the current procedure.
Another strategy to trigger a reaction to its products is to remove one of the products as it forms. In this experiment, we will completely remove the water produced in the reaction by directly adding silica beads to the reaction vessel and using a drying tube with a drying agent (calcium chloride), which forbids the entrance of moisture into the reaction.
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Two students performed a calorimetry experiment. One student asked the other how much energy transfer she expected to measure during the experiment. The second student replied, "13°C". If the first student was knowledgeable about thermodynamics, he would most likely
The first student was knowledgeable about thermodynamics, he would most likely to do the experiment with more accuracy so that there is no error while performing the calorimetry experiment.
What is thermodynamics?Thermodynamics is defined as a field of physics concerned with heat, work, and temperature and its relationships to energy, radiation, and the physical characteristics of matter.
There are basically three system of thermodynamic.
Closed systemOpen systemIsolated systemCalorimeter is defined as a device for measuring heat generated during a mechanical, electrical, or chemical reaction and estimating material heat capacity.
Thus, the first student was knowledgeable about thermodynamics, he would most likely to do the experiment with more accuracy so that there is no error while performing the calorimetry experiment.
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a detailed description of the steps in a reaction, including information on the relative order and rate of bond formation and cleavage, is called a reaction .
A detailed description of the reaction steps, along with information on the relative order and cost of forming and breaking bonds, is called a reaction mechanism.
Information is an important stimulus for the recipient in some contexts. Records are entered and stored on a computer but are commonly referred to as statistics. The definition of statistics is news or know-how acquired or provided. A data instance is what is provided to a person requesting information about something. Statistics is a generalized concept that refers to something that has the power to speak. At its most essential level, facts represent the translation of the perceptible. Proper record keeping is believed to improve decision-making, complement productivity, and give employers a competitive advantage that knows more than their competitors. Use facts.
People use the information to find meaning in a variety of situations. Sometimes they use notes as a tool to do real things (eg, to gain abilities or achieve goals). In other cases, statistics are used for cognitive purposes (eg generating ideas).
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Which separation method is used in making coffee at home
Answer:
Filtration eg coffee maker
Why do we take a weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes instead of adding protons and neutrons?
The average atomic mass of an element, which is shown in the element's box on most periodic tables, is the sum of the atomic masses of all its isotopes (at least, the isotopes that exist naturally). The average, nevertheless, is a weighted average.
What is the weighted average of isotopes that are found naturally?The weighted average of an element's naturally occurring isotopes' atomic masses is that element's atomic mass.
The atomic mass is the average of the atomic masses of all the isotopes of a given element, weighted by their relative abundance in nature. Because various isotopes have different masses, it is a weighted average.
Due to its objectivity towards intermediate values and given average value, which most observations fall within, a weighted average is utilised. Furthermore, it is unaffected by extreme values or outliers. Outliers have an effect on the basic average.
Because there is no standard mass for an element, this is done.
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what is the mass of the block of iron illistrated below
The mass of the iron object is 787.4 g.
What is density?The term density has to do with the mass per unit volume of the object. This implies that when we divide the mass of the object by the volume of the object, we get the density of the object.
We also have to note that the density is an intrinsic property of an object could be used as a means that can be harnessed in the process of trying to identify the unknown material that we have.
In this case we have the thorough depiction of the iron as we can see from the image attached and we want to find the mass of the object.
Volume of iron = 2 cm * 10 cm * 5 cm = 100 cm³
Density of iron = 7.874 g/cm³
Mass of iron = Volume * density = 100 cm³ * 7.874 g/cm³ = 787.4 g
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Adult fireflys are active primarily during twilight, which is during dawn and dusk. This kind of animal is classified as ___________.
A)
a dawn and dusk forager
B)
crepuscular
C)
diurnal
D)
nocturnal
E)
perennial
Answer:The answer would be crepuscular! I actually study fireflies as a living after school!
a salad dressing contains oil, vinegar, and water, which separates into an oil layer and a vinegar and water layer if left to sit. when this salad dressing is thoroughly shaken, it is an example of a . a) mixture of elements b) homogeneous mixture (solution) c) molecular compound d) heterogeneous mixture
When the salad dressing (consisting of water, oil, and vinegar) is thoroughly shaken, it is an example of a heterogeneous mixture, and not of a mixture of elements, a molecular compound or a homogenous mixture.
Water is a compound, while vinegar and oil are mixtures of compounds, so their mixture cannot possibly be a mixture of elements (option a) is eliminated). No new compound is formed upon their mixing, so it is not a molecular compound (eliminating option c)). The mixture of oil, vinegar, and water remains heterogeneous even when shaken, so option b) homogenous mixture is eliminated, with option d) heterogenous mixture remaining as the only possible option.
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the following reaction was performed in a sealed vessel at 731 ∘c : h2(g) i2(g)⇌2hi(g) initially, only h2 and i2 were present at concentrations of [h2]
The equilibrium constant for the reaction at the given temperature is 273.03.
What is the equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction at the given temperature?The equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction at the given temperature is calculated as follows:
Making an ICE table from the equation of the reaction and the given concentration values:
H₂ (g) + I₂ (g) ⇌ 2 HI (g)
I 3.85 2.35 0
C 2.30 2.30 2 * 2.30
E 1.55 0.05 4.60
Kc = [HI]² / [H₂] * [I₂]
Kc = (4.60)² / (1.55) * (0.05)
Kc = 273.03
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Complete question:
The following reaction was performed in a sealed vessel at 760 ∘C:
H₂ (g) + I₂ (g) ⇌ 2 HI (g)
Initially, only H₂ and I₂ were present at concentrations of [H₂] = 3.85M and [I₂] = 2.35M . The equilibrium concentration of I₂ is 0.0500 M .
What is the equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction at this temperature?
Describe at least four properties of electrons that
were determined based on the experiments of
Thomson and Millikan.
If element L has 2 isotopes, one with a mass of 67 amu and a relative abundance of 55%, what is the average atomic mass if the other isotope has a mass of 72amu?
Answer: 69.25 AMU
Explanation:
1. find missing %
knowing the first % abundance is 55 you are left with 45%
2. set up an equation
(55% * 67) + (45% * 72) = x
3. solve
(55% * 67) + (45% * 72) =x | break down to solve each part
55% * 67 =36.85 | can be done many ways ex: (55 * 67)/100 or .55 * 67
45% * 72= 32.4| can be done as previously expressed
36.85+32.4=69.25 AMU
,P₁
V₁=X
1. A 3.0 L container of argon has a pressure of 3.5 atm. What volume would be necessary
to increase the pressure to 557.15 kPa?
182
1.64 L volume would be necessary to increase the pressure to 557.15 kPa.
What is pressure?In the physical sciences, pressure is defined as the perpendicular force per unit area or the stress at a point within a confined fluid. A 42-pound box with a bottom area of 84 square inches will press down on a surface with a pressure equal to the force divided by the area over which it is applied, or half a pound per square inch.
Atmospheric pressure, which at sea level is roughly 15 pounds per square inch, is the weight of the atmosphere pressing down on each unit area of the Earth's surface. One pascal is equal to one newton per square metre when expressed in SI units, which is how pressure is calculated. Nearly 100,000 pascals of atmospheric pressure are present.
We can obtain the answer using Boyle's Law
[tex]\frac{P_1 \times V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2 \times V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
As the temperature is constant,
[tex]P_1 \times V_1}= P_2 \times V_2}[/tex]
We have given that
P₁ = 3.5 atm
= 303.975 kPa (One atm equals 101.325 kPa)
V₁ = 3.0 L
P₂ = 557.15 kPa
V₂ = To find
Lets substitute the values
⇒ 303.975 kPa × 3.0 L = 557.15 kPa × V₂
⇒ V₂ = (303.975 kPa × 3.0 L) / 557.15 kPa
⇒ V₂ = 1.64 L
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Describe how the amplitude of a wave is related to the energy in a wave.
As the amplitude of a wave increases, the energy transmitted by the wave increases.
What is the amplitude of a wave?
The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of the wave. The amplitude of a wave is measured in meters.
The amplitude of a wave is related to the energy in a wave in the following equations;
P = ¹/₂μω²A²v²
where;
P is the average power of the wave (J/s)μ is the mass per unit length of the string (kg/m)ω is the angular speed of the wave (rad/s)A is the amplitude of the wave (m)v is the speed of the wave (m/s)Thus, from the equation above, the energy of a wave or energy transmitted per second is directly proportional to the square of the amplitude of the wave.
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please can someone help me define atomic number, Mass number and isotopy urgently
suppose you determine that a particular plant consumes 37.8 g of co 2 in one week. assuming that there is more than enough water present to react with all of the co 2, what mass of glucose (in grams) can the plant synthesize from the co 2? molar mass co 2
mass of glucose (in grams) can the plant synthesize from the co 2 is 25.8g
What mass of glucose (in grams) can the plant synthesize from the co 2?molar mass of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex]= 44.01 g/mol
molar mass of [tex]C_{6} H_{12} O_{6}[/tex] =180.18g/mol
[tex](g)CO_{2}-- > (mol)CO_{2} --- > (mol)C_{6} H_{12} O_{6}-- > (g)C_{6} H_{12} O_{6}[/tex]m
[tex]\frac{1 mol CO_{2} }{44.01 g CO_{2}}[/tex] [tex]\frac{1 mol C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} }{ 6 mol CO_{2}}[/tex] [tex]\frac{180.18 g C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} }{ 1 mol C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} }[/tex]
37.8g x [tex]\frac{1 mol CO_{2} }{44.01 g CO_{2}}[/tex] x [tex]\frac{1 mol C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} }{ 6 mol CO_{2}}[/tex] x [tex]\frac{180.18 g C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} }{ 1 mol C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} }[/tex]
= 25.8g [tex]C_{6} H_{12} O_{6}[/tex]
mass of glucose (in grams) can the plant synthesize from the co 2 is 25.8g.
What precisely is glucose?It is a monosaccharide because it is the most basic type of carbohydrate. It has one sugar, thus this indicates. It's not by itself. Galactose, ribose, and fructose are examples of additional monosaccharides. One of the body's preferred sources of fuel in the form of carbs is glucose, along with fat.
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Saltpeter is a potassium salt. It is 13.9% nitrogen, 38.6% potassium and 47.5% oxygen. What is its empirical formula?
Considering the definition of empirical formula, the empirical formula of the potassium salt is KNO₃.
Definition of empirical formulaThe empirical formula is the simplest expression to represent a chemical compound, which indicates the elements that are present and the minimum proportion in whole numbers that exist between its atoms, that is, the subscripts of chemical formulas are reduced to the most integers. small as possible.
Empirical formula in this caseIn this case, you know:
Nitrogen (N): 13.9%Potassium (K): 38.6%Oxygen (O): 47.5%Assuming a 100 grams sample, the percentages match the grams in the sample. So you have:
Nitrogen (N): 13.9 gramsPotassium (K): 38.6 gramsOxygen (O): 47.5 gramsThen it is possible to calculate the number of moles of each atom in the molecule, taking into account the corresponding molar mass:
Nitrogen (N): [tex]\frac{13.9 grams}{14 \frac{g}{mol} }[/tex]≅ 1 molePotassium (K): [tex]\frac{38.6 grams}{39.1 \frac{g}{mol} }[/tex]≅ 1 moleOxygen (O): [tex]\frac{47.5 grams}{16 \frac{g}{mol} }[/tex]= 2.97≅ 3 molesThe empirical formula must be expressed using whole number relationships, for this the numbers of moles are divided by the smallest result of those obtained. In this case:
Nitrogen (N): [tex]\frac{1 mole}{1 mole}[/tex]≅ 1Potassium (K): [tex]\frac{1 mole}{1 mole}[/tex]≅ 1Oxygen (O): [tex]\frac{3 mole}{1 mole}[/tex]= 3Therefore the K: N: O mole ratio is 1: 1: 3
Finally, the empirical formula is K₁N₁O₃= KNO₃.
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Look at the wave in the picture. If it has a wavelength of 2 cm, how far apart are points A and B? How do you know?
From the description, we can see that A and B is one wavelength thus the distance between the points is also 2 cm.
What is the wavelength?We can define the wavelength as the distance between two successive crests or the distance between two successive troughs. The crests are above the chart and the troughs are below the chart.
In this case, we have been asked to obtain the distance between A and B. Knowing that the points A and B are two successive crests and we have been told that the wavelength is 2 cm thus the distance between A and B is 2cm.
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Get the average mass of candium from two other groups ,what are at least two reasons why the average atomic mass of your candium element that you calculated may not match the average atomic mass of any other lab group.
The reason why the average atomic mass may not match that of any other group are;
1) Random errors in the measurement of mass
2) Differences that arise from the nature of samples used for the experiment.
What is the average atomic mass?The average atomic mass is the mass of the element that is obtained when you consider the masses of all the isotopes that are found in the element as well as the percentage abundance of each of the isotopes.
Let us know that no two samples of the scandium element would be exactly the same. The isotope percentages in each of the samples would not be the same. This means that the results that each group would obtain would slightly differ from each other.
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What's the answer to this problem?
The skeletal system is the system that provides support to an organism, internal and made up of bones and cartilage in vertebrates, external in some other animals.
Tendon is a tough band of flexible but inelastic fibrous collagen tissue that connects a muscle with its bony attachment and transmits the force which the muscle exerts.
The femur is the bone that extends from the pelvis to the knee in humans. It is the largest bone of the human body.
The carpal bones are any of the eight bones of the carpus, which is the group of bones that make up the wrist.
The osseous or bone tissue is the major structural and supportive connective tissue of the body which forms the rigid part of the bone organs that make up the skeletal system.
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A 100.0-mL aliquot of 0.200 M aqueous potassium hydroxide is mixed with 100.0 mL of 0.200 M
aqueous magnesium nitrate.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for any reaction that occurs.
(b) What precipitate forms?
(c) What mass of precipitate is produced?
(d) Calculate the concentration of each ion remaining in solution after precipitation is complete.
i mostly need help on the last one
The balanced equation of the reaction is:
2 KOH (aq) + Mg(NO₃)₂ ---> Mg(OH)₂ (s) + 2 KNO₃ (aq)The precipitate formed is magnesium hydroxide.
The mass of precipitate produced is 0.58 g.
The concentration of the ions remaining in the solution are:
[Mg²⁺] = 0.05 M
[NO₃⁻] = 0.1 M
What is the balanced equation of the reaction of aqueous potassium hydroxide and aqueous magnesium nitrate?The balanced equation of the reaction of aqueous potassium hydroxide and aqueous magnesium nitrate is given below:
2 KOH (aq) + Mg(NO₃)₂ ---> Mg(OH)₂ (s) + 2 KNO₃ (aq)
Magnesium hydroxide is obtained as a precipitate in the reaction above.
The mass of precipitate produced is calculated as follows:
moles of KOH (aq) reacting = 0.200 * 100 / 1000 = 0.02 moles
moles of Mg(NO₃)₂ reacting = 0.2 * 100 / 1000 = 0.02 moles
From the equation of reaction, KOH is the limiting reagent.
Moles of precipitate formed = 0.02 / 2 = 0.01 moles
molar mass of Mg(OH)₂ (s) = 58 g/mol
Mass of precipitate formed = 0.01 * 58
Mass of precipitate formed = 0.58 g
Moles of Mg(NO₃)₂ remaining = 0.02 - 0.01 = 0.01 moles
total volume of solution = 200 mL or 0.2 L
The concentration of each ion remaining in the solution is as follows:
[Mg²⁺] = 0.01 / 0.2 = 0.05 M
[NO₃⁻] = 0.01 * 2 / 0.2 = 0.1 M
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is the product the same with the original material? why compare the materials before and after exposing it (soaked and exposed potato)
the answer is no
Explanation:
the soaked potato is already immersed in water and is likely to get spoilt few days before the exposed potato.because a liquid medium has already been used. while the exposed potato still possesses its same properties as before
How do I round 999999 to 3 sig figs
The number of significant figures in a result simply refers to the number of figures that are known with certainty. Here,
1000000 is 999999 rounded to three significant figures.
What is the best way to round a number to three significant figures?Significant figures are digits of value that have meaning in terms of measurement resolution. In chemistry, they are also known as significant figures. All of the experimental measurements are subject to some degree of uncertainty.The number of significant figures in a result is simply the number of figures that are reliably known.A number is rounded to three significant figures in the same way that it is rounded to three decimal places. For three digits, we start counting from the first non-zero digit. The final digit is then rounded. We use zeros to fill in any remaining spaces to the right of the decimal point.To learn more about significant figures refer to :
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In science class, Ruthie and Heena are conducting a science experiment. They wanted to find out which type of fertilizer would make the plants grow the fastest. The added equal amounts of soil to four identical pots. In three of the pots they added the different types of fertilizer to the soil. They did not add any fertilizer to the fourth pot. Over the next two weeks they measured the height of each of the plants. What is the purpose of the fourth pot that contained no fertilizer?
The purpose of the fourth pot that contained no fertilizer is to observe the actual growth of the plant without any fertilizers.
Fertilizers paintings by means of imparting vital vitamins to developing plants, bushes, and veg, as a form of multi-nutrition or meal substitute for the plant international. Many fertilizers additionally improve the way the soil works by helping it to maintain water higher and allowing air to drift freely, which is right for roots.
Fertilizers increase their growth via the application of fertilizer remedies. development in plant boom was notably discovered by means of the application of each natural and inorganic source of mineral vitamins.
The more fertilizer a crop gets, the faster it grows. We understand if a crop is supplied with too little fertilizer, plant increase response is negative; however if fertilizer charges are immoderate, plant increase slows and there is a potential for root harm or demise from high fertilizer salts.
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please help with this need it in 6 hours
1.)in the thermit reaction 2Al + Fe2o3= al2o3 + 2 fe. what is the mass of aluminium powder is needed to react with 8.0g of iron (3) oxide
2.) what mass of magnesium sulphate crystals can be made from14.0g of magnesium carbonate and an excess of dilute sulphuric acid
3.) what mass of calcium oxide is formed when 25g of calcium carbonate is decomposed by heat?
4.) Lead (ii) oxide PbO, reacts with hydrogen to for lead and steam. calculate the mass of lead in formed when 446g of lead (ii) oxide is reduced in this way.
5.) what volume of gas is given off when excess calcium carbonate is added to 50cm cube of 2.0M by hydrochloric acid , if the gas volume is measured at s.t.p.?
1) Mass of aluminum powder is 2.7 g.
2) Mass of magnesium sulfate is 19.9 g.
3) Mass of calcium oxide is 14g.
4) Mass of lead 412.2 g.
1) In the thermite reaction :
2Al + Fe₂O₃ -----> Al₂O₃ + 2Fe
mass of Fe₂O₃ = 8.0 g
molar mass of Fe₂O₃ = 159.6 g/mol
number of moles = mass / molar mass
= 8.0 g / 159.6 g/mol
= 0.050 moles
1 mole of Fe₂O₃ react with 2 mole of Al ,
0.050 Fe₂O₃ moles react with 2 × 0.050 = 0.1moles of Al
number of moles of Al = mass / molar mass
mass of Al = no. of moles × molar mass
= 0.1 mol × 27 g/mol
= 2.7 g
Thus, the mass of aluminum powder is needed to react with 8.0 g of iron (III) oxide is 2.7 g
2) the reaction is :
MgCO₃ + H₂SO₄ -----> MgSO₄ + CO₂ + H₂O
mass of MgCO₃ = 14.0 g
no. of moles of MgCO₃ = mass / molar mass
= 14 g / 84.3 g/mol
= 0.166 moles
1 mole of MgCO₃ produced 1 mole of MgSO₄,
0.166 mole of MgCO₃ produced 0.166 mole of MgSO₄
mass of MgSO₄ = 120.3 g/mol
no. of moles of MgSO₄ = mass / molar mass
mass of MgSO₄ = no. of moles × molar mass
= 0.166 mol × 120.3 g/mol
= 19.9 g
Thus, mass of magnesium sulfate crystals can be made from14.0g of magnesium carbonate and an excess of dilute sulfuric acid is 19.9 g
3) the reaction is :
CaCO₃ -----> CaO + CO₂
mass of calcium carbonate = 25 g
molar mass of CaCO₃ = 100 g/mol
no. of moles of = mass / molar mass
= 25 / 100
= 0.25 mol
0.25 moles of CaCO₃ produced 0.25 moles of CaO
molar mass of CaO = 56 g/mol
mass of CaO = no. of moles × molar mass
= 0.25mol × 56 g/mol
= 14 g
the mass of CaO produced 14 g.
4) PbO + H -----> Pb + H₂O
mass of PbO = 446g
no. of moles = mass / molar mass
= 446 g / 223.3 g/mol
= 1.99 mols
1.99 moles of PbO produced 1.99 moles of Pb
molar mass of Pb = 207.2 g/mol
mass of Pb = no. of moles × molar mass
= 1.99 mol × 207.2 g/mol
= 412.2 g
Thus, Lead (ii) oxide PbO, reacts with hydrogen to for lead and steam. calculate the mass of lead in formed when 446g of lead (ii) oxide is 412.2g.
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Tissues are composed of groups of:
when a substance undergoes boiling, do the particles move faster or slower?
Heat causes a liquid's particles to gain more energy, which causes them to move more quickly and expand the liquid.
When water boils, what happens to the water molecules?The heat energy used to boil the water is transmitted to the water molecules, which cause them to start moving more swiftly. The energy of the molecules eventually becomes too great for them to remain bound together as a liquid. This causes them to condense into gaseous water vapor molecules, which rise to the surface as bubbles as well as move through the air.
How much thermal energy is there?Thermal energy is the term used to describe the energy present in a system that determines its temperature. The movement of thermal energy is heat.
Briefing:The particles in a liquid gain more energy as it is heated and travel more quickly, causing the liquid to expand. As the liquid becomes warmer, the surface's most energetic particles vaporize and flee.
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Write a balanced overall reaction from these unbalanced
half-reactions.
Sn —> Sn2+
Ag+ + Ag
Answer:
Sn°(s) + 2Ag⁺(aq) => Sn²⁺(aq) + 2Ag°
Explanation:
Sn°(s) => Sn²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ [oxidation]
2Ag⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ => 2Ag°(s) [reduction]
Sn°(s) + 2Ag⁺(aq) => Sn²⁺(aq) + 2Ag°
Food provides calories needed by the body for energy. However, the body must use energy between meals when food is not consumed. What is the most likely response of the body when more energy is needed than the calories that have been consumed?.
When more energy is needed than the calories that have been consumed to release energy from lipids stores throughout the body.
What do food calories mean?Calories are the unit of energy used by your body during food digestion and absorption. A meal might provide your body extra energy if it contains more calories. Your body stores extra calories as body fat if you eat more food than you need. Even foods without fat might have a significant number of calories.
How can I burn calories?The most effective way to burn calories is through aerobic exercise, which includes sports like swimming, cycling, and walking. Include at least 30 minutes of exercise each day as a general goal.
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Is there a periodic trend in oxidation strength of the halogens?
Explanation:
As the halogens become less reactive down the group, their oxidising ability decreases. Remember that oxidation is a gain of electrons. Halogens become less oxidising as you move down the group as it is more difficult to gain an electron.
things in common of non-metals
Answer:
Non-metals are brittle. ...
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (except graphite).
Non-metals are non-lustrous (dull) and cannot be polished (except iodine).
Non-metals may be solids, liquids or gases at room temperature.
Non-metals are neither tough nor strong.
Thing in common of non- metals are :
The elements that absorb or gain electrons to get negative ions square measure referred to as non-metals. In their outmost shell, non-metals typically have four, 5, half dozen or seven electrons.
High inclination and high ionisation energies square measure characteristics of non-metals.
Because of these characteristics, non-metals ofttimes gain electrons after they move with different substances to make valence bonds.
Non-metals often have smaller atoms than do metals. The atomic sizes of non-metals determine a number of their other characteristics.
A high electronegativities are seen in non-metals. This indicates that non-metal atoms exhibit a significant propensity to attract more electrons than they would ordinarily have.
A high electronegativities are seen in non-metals. This indicates that non-metal atoms have a strong propensity to retain their existing electrons.
As opposed to non-metals, which can give up one or more electrons to metals relatively easily, metals can easily form positively charged ions and conduct electricity.
Very little electrical conductivity is displayed by non-metals.
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Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions from the information given.
(a) [H+] = 4.80 *10^-2 M
(b) pOH = 4.71
(c) [OH - ] = 9.61 *10^-3 M
(d) [H+] = 1.37 *10^-8 M
( a ) The pH of 4.8 × [tex]10^{-2}[/tex] M solution is 1.3 ..
( b ) The pH of 4.71 pOH solution is 9.29
( c ) The pH of 9.61 × [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] M hydroxide ion solution is 11.98.
( d ) The pH of 1.37 × [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] M solution is 8.17
( a )
pH = - ㏒ [ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ]
pH = - ㏒ [ 4.8 × [tex]10^{-2}[/tex] M ]
pH = 1.3
Therefore , the pH of 4.8 × [tex]10^{-2}[/tex] M solution is 1.3 .
( b )
The pOH = - ㏒ [ [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ]
Given pOH = 4.71
So put the value of pOH .
pH + pOH = 14
pH = = 14 - pOH = 14 - 4.71 = 9.29
Therefore , the pH of 4.71 pOH solution is 9.29 .
( c )
The pOH = - ㏒ [ [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ]
Given concentration of hydroxide ion = 9.61 × [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] M
So put the value of concentration of hydroxide ion in equation 1
pOH = - ㏒9.61 × [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] M
pOH = 2.01
pH + pOH = 14
pH = = 14 - pOH = 14 - 2.01 = 11.98
Therefore , the pH of 9.61 × [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] M hydroxide ion solution is 11.98.
( d )
pH = - ㏒ [ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ]
pH = - ㏒ [ 1.37 × [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] M ]
pH = 8.17
Therefore , the pH of 1.37 × [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] M solution is 8.17
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