Pedigree charts are used to trace the passing out of traits(characteristics) through generations.
In the given pedigree of 5 generations, the pattern of inheritance of genetic abnormality of polydactyly(extra fingers in hands and toes) is studied . The types of pattern of inheritance in traits over generations.
(a) Genotype of the parents for the trait Polydactyly in generation 1
Since each parent provide one allele of each trait to the offspring there are dominant and recessive genes on the basis of the expression of the character or trait. The genotype of the parents for thre trait of polydactyly in generation 1 is Recessive. Because both the parents do not have the abnormality and their offspring shows(expresses) the trait.
(b) In humans there are 46 chromosomes arranged as 23 sets of 2 chromosomes in a cell which is described as (2n). These somatic cells undergo Mitotic division to produce 2 identical daughter cell with 2n chromosomes and they are called diploid cells. When Meiosis takes place one cell is divide into 4 Haploid cells with 23 chromosomes each, ie, the single set of chromosomes represented by n. These Haploid cells are the gamates which transfer the genetic information from parents to offspring. The gamates are 2 types the sperm and egg cells , both are haploid and during fertilization a sperm cell fuses with eggcell to form a zygote with 2n (46) chromosomes.
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Which of these statements about enzyme-catalyzed reactions that obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics is false? A.) At saturating levels of substrate, the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is proportional to the enzyme concentration. B.) The Michaelis-Menten constant Km equals the [S] at which V = 1/2 Vmax. C.) If enough substrate is added, the normal Vmax of a reaction can be attained even in the presence of a competitive inhibitor. D.) The rate of a reaction decreases steadily with time as substrate is depleted. E.) The activation energy for the catalyzed reaction is the same as for the uncatalyzed reaction, but the equilibrium constant is more favorable in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
E. The activation energy for the catalyzed reaction is the same as for the uncatalyzed reaction, but the equilibrium constant is more favorable in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
Catalysts participate in the reaction mechanism, combining with reactants to form intermediates, while free catalysts can be regenerated and then subjected to another catalysis.
Equilibrium position is not affected, but equilibrium is approached faster
This is a thermodynamic principle. Catalysts do not affect the thermodynamics of the reaction, which determines the equilibrium constant (“K”) of the reaction. Catalysts affect reaction rates by increasing the rate (k) of both forward and reverse reactions.
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......................................................
Answer: ok
Explanation:
Which organelles are labeled G?
centrioles
lysosomes
ribosomes
mitochondria
The organelle labeled as G in the image would be the mitochondrion.
Organelles of eukaryotic cellsEukaryotic cells are cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondrion. There are two types of eukaryotic cells:
The plant cellThe animal cellThe cell shown in the image is that of an animal cell. The organelles of the cell are labeled from A to I. The respective organelle of each alphabet is as follows:
A = Golgi apparatusB = RibosomeC = cytoplasmD = microtubulesE = Smooth endoplasmic reticulumF = Rough endoplasmic reticulumG = mitochondrionH = Cell membraneI = NucleusThus, the organelle labeled G is the mitochondrion.
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what are normal values for healthy blood pressure
Answer:
Normal blood pressure is typically defined as a systolic reading of less than 120 mmHg and a diastolic reading of less than 80 mmHg.
Explanation:
Question content area top Part 1 Suppose you deposit $ in a bank account with a simple interest rate of %. You want to keep your deposit in the bank long enough to earn at least $ in interest. How long should you keep your deposit in the bank? Question content area bottom Part 1 To earn at least $ interest, you should keep your deposit in the bank for enter your response here year(s). (Round up to the nearest year.)
7 years, though it is closer to 7 years than to 8, because when you do the math, multiply 600 by 0.025, get an answer, and then keep multiplying it until you receive the $120 in interest; the duration is seven years.
Which is figured out by dividing the principal by the interest rate and the number of years?Additive Interest is determined by dividing the principal amount by 1, adding the annual interest rate multiplied by the number of compound periods, and deducting the principal reduction for the year. A bank or credit union is where you can open a savings account and make a deposit. Afterward, the bank reimburses you for interest on your balance. Depending on the bank, you can keep adding funds to your savings using one or more of these techniques: ATM deposits of cash or checks.
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Which statement is an assumption used in the relative dating of rocks:
Please help this 13 year old.
A. The sediment that the rock is taken from is not disturbed by a geological event.
B. The rock sample does not get carbon-14 from an outside source.
C. The sediment that the rock is taken from must be disturbed by a geological event.
D. The rock sample does not get carbon-12 from an outside source.
There must be a geological event that disturbs the sediment from which the rock was extracted. Geologists begin by assuming that, barring any unusual circumstances,
What is the underlying premise of relative dating for rocks?Geologists use relative dating to establish the relative age of rocks by assuming that, in a series of superficial layers, newer layers always cover older ones unless there is a physical disturbance, like soil erosion. This is known as the superposition rule in science, and it forms the basis of relative dating.
What concepts of relative dating would you apply to ascertain the age of the rock?The lithology of a rock, the principle of inclusions, the principle of biological succession, the principle of superposition, the principle of original lateral continuity, and the principle of cross-cutting relationships are all used to determine the relative age of a rock.
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In fruit flies, red eye color (A) is dominant to white eye color (a). If a fly is homozygous dominant for eye color, what pair of alleles does it possess?
Answer:
AA
Explanation:
The alleles that the fly has are AA. Homozygous means the same letter, and since it is dominant we know the letter is AA. The fly would have red eyes and pass its genes onto its children.
Which of the following statements are true regarding types of stem cells
I. Totipotent stem cells can only become tissues of the body
II. Multipotent stem cells are found in adults and stay dormant until needed
III. Meristematic stem cells are only found in plants
IV. Pluripotent stem cells can become tissues of the body and the placenta
A. II, III, and IV
B. II and III
C. II and IV
Answer:
Explanation:
A
multipotent (able to give rise to multiple cells within a lineage), pluripotent (able to give rise to all cell types in an adult) and totipotent (able to give rise to all embryonic and adult lineages
what is the difference between an embryonic stem cell and a somatic stem cell
Unlike embryonic stem cells, which can differentiate into a wide variety of cells, somatic stem cells can only differentiate into a small number of cell types.
Somatic cells are diploid cells with two pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, and are known as somatic cells. Somatic cells are any cells that are not germ cells (sperm and eggs), gametocytes (cells that divide into germ cells), or undifferentiated stem cells.
However, embryonic stem cells are fundamentally distinct from somatic cells since they can continue to differentiate into a variety of cell types. To have the ability to act as donor cells for tissue transplantation, these cells must maintain genetic stability.
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A molecular biologist has isolated a short segment of DNA that she wants to replicate in vitro. First she heats the DNA, which separates the two strands, and then she adds _____. A nucleotides, primers, and polymerase -PCR requires a pool of nucleotide building blocks, primers to initiate DNA synthesis, and polymerase to continue elongation of the new strands.
A molecular biologist has isolated a short segment of DNA that she wants to replicate in vitro. First she heats the DNA, which separates the two strands, and then she adds nucleotides, primers, and polymerase
Cells duplicate their DNA in two identical copies through a process known as DNA replication. The DNA of the cell is copied into two completely new DNA molecules throughout this procedure. DNA polymerase is an enzyme that facilitates this process. At the replication fork, where the DNA is unraveled and each strand acts as a template for the creation of a new strand, DNA replication starts. A primer, which is a short strand of RNA to which additional nucleotides are added, is needed for the production of the new strands. In the 5'->3' direction, the new strand is created. While the addition of nucleotides in the lagging strand happens intermittently and moves in the opposite direction of the replication fork movement, the addition of nucleotides in the leading strand occurs continuously and in the replication fork movement's direction.To know more about DNA
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Endometriosis is a condition in which See Section 16.6 (Page 389) View Available Hint(s) Hint 1. Hint 1. Consider the structure and function of the inner tissue layer of the uterus_ there is abnormal thickening of the myometrium, creating pressure on the endometrium the endometrium fails to proliferate during the uterine cycle endometrial tissue migrates up the oviduct and grows on other organs the endometrium is insensitive to estrogen and progesterone'
Endometriosis is a condition in which outside of the uterus, endometrium-like cells or uterine lining proliferate.
In endometriosis, the tissue that ordinarily lines the inside of your uterus endometrium grows outside of your uterus. It is a distressing condition. Endometriosis frequently affects the tissue lining your pelvis, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Rarely, endometrial-like tissue may be discovered elsewhere than the area surrounding the pelvic organs. Endometrial-like tissue that has endometriosis behaves like endometrial tissue would: it develops, deteriorates, and bleeds with each menstrual cycle. However, this tissue becomes imprisoned because it can only go inside your body. Endometriomas, also known as endometrial cysts, can develop when endometriosis affects the ovaries. Scar tissue and adhesions, bands of fibrous tissue that can cause pelvic tissues and organs to adhere to one another, can form when nearby tissue becomes inflamed. internal peritoneal cell transformation. According to the "induction theory" of research, hormones or immunological components encourage the development of endometrial-like cells from peritoneal cells, which line the lining of your abdomen.
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Sexual reproduction requires that half of the chromosomes in a zygote come from one parent and the other half from the second parent.
a. Describe the process by which a germ cell's complement of chromosomes is halved in the formation of gametes.
b. Compare and contrast at least four different characteristics of mitosis and meiosis.
Meiosis: In prophase I- Sister Chromosomes pair,
Anaphase I- spindles move chromosomes pairs to poles, In Anaphase II- sister chromatids separate to poles, and DNA replicates in Interphase.
Meiosis: in Meiosis I, homologous pairs are separated, in Meiosis II sister chromatids are separated.
What is Sexual reproduction ?Sexual reproduction, the process of creating new organisms through the fusion of the genetic material from two individuals of different sexes. The genetic material is typically stored on chromosomes in the nuclei of reproductive cells called gametes, which mate to create a diploid zygote.
Sex cells and fertilisation are involved in sexual reproduction. Therefore, the offspring is produced by two parents. Animals and plants are an example. Asexual reproduction does not use sex hormones or fertilization. So, children born to a single parent have children.
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, what advantages does a coelom provide the earthworm and the salamander?
A coelom is a fluid-filled body cavity that is found in many animals, including earthworms and salamanders. It provides several advantages to these animals, including:
The coelom provides a flexible and supportive structure for the organs and tissues of the body. This allows the earthworm and salamander to move and change shape easily, which is important for their locomotion and for carrying out other activities such as eating and reproduction.
The coelom acts as a hydrostatic skeleton, providing support and stability for the body without the need for hard, rigid structures like bones. This allows the earthworm and salamander to be flexible and agile, which is important for their survival in their environments.
The coelom provides a space for the organs and tissues to move and function freely. This allows the earthworm and salamander to perform a wide range of physiological processes, such as digestion, circulation, and respiration.
The coelom provides a space for the storage of nutrients and waste products. This allows the earthworm and salamander to maintain a balanced and healthy internal environment, which is essential for their survival.
Overall, the coelom provides several important advantages to the earthworm and salamander, allowing them to move, grow, and function effectively in their environments.
help! questions in photo below
Answer: A
Explanation: Mean or Average is to measure accuracy, but standard error of the mean will provide an accurate precision of an answer
What would happen to a population
that doesn't adapt to a changing
environmental condition?
A. They would reproduce more.
B. They would all become more similar.
C. They would die off. This is the answer
D. They would mate with other species.
Answer:
.C
Explanation:
What is most likely to happen if an environment changes quickly and a population in that environment does not have variations that are helpful in the new conditions? – If the environment changes so much that the adaptations of a species are no longer enough for the species to survive, extinction will occur
What limiting factor appears to determine the carrying capacity of kelp in a marine ecosystem that is based on this food chain? How can you tell?
The limiting factor is the number of species that is used as food for the Kelp population.
What is the limiting factor?We know that the limiting factor has to do with the factors that influence the availability of organisms in the ecosystem. We can now now realize that the carrying capacity is influenced by the number of the organisms in the ecosystem.
As such the carrying capacity is determined by the number of the organisms that are found. This is clear from the observation of the food chain that is in the marine ecosystem.
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Ganis and coworkers (2004) used FMRI to measure brain activation for perception and imagery of objects. their results showed that ___
Genis and coworkers general has the used of FMRI to measure the imagery object because of image captured.
An fMRI experiment is a unique sort of MRI that suggests how distinctive elements of your mind are working. They assist docs degree blood glide withinside the mind while not having to do surgery. fMRI imaging is a safe, non-invasive manner to diagnose situations and to discover if positive remedies are working.
The belief and imagery spark off the equal regions of the frontal lobe, however belief turns on greater of the lower back of the mind than imagery does.
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if the economy is initially at long-run equilibrium and aggregate demand declines, then in the short run inflation
In the short run inflation and output are lower than in the original long-run equilibrium.
If an economy is stated to be in lengthy-run equilibrium, then real GDP is at its ability output, the actual unemployment rate will same the herbal rate of unemployment (approximately 6%), and the actual fee degree will identical the anticipated fee level.
Population growth increases the deliver of exertions, investments will increase the supply of capital, and upgrades in era boom the effectiveness of each labor and capital. So, it's miles herbal for the lengthy-run combination supply to growth with economic increase.
If inflation increases (decreases), significant bank will growth (decrease) interest quotes. This can dampen (growth) combination demand.
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Explain what went wrong with the above picture (L.16.14)
a. One of the chromosomes failed to bind microtubules from both spindle poles.
b. One of the chromosomes failed to condense.
c. The cell made too many copies of its chromosomes.
d. The cell is actually undergoing meiosis.
Microtubules from both spindle poles could not be bound by one of the chromosomes. Mitotic delay or arrest is caused by kinetochores failing to bind to spindle microtubules or by improper association, such as when both sister kinetochores link to microtubules from the same spindle pole.
How do chromosomes work?
Inside the nucleus are rod-shaped organelles called chromosomes. They are the chromosomes' coiled-up versions of the genes. They are discovered in pairs, which are joined by the centromere.
Varying creatures have different numbers of chromosomes. In humans, there are 46 chromosomes. The chromosomes are joined together during cell division before being split apart and entering a different cell.
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CAN SOMEONE TELL ME IF IM CORRECT
i basically already did it but I just need someone to tell me if im correct
Answer:they all seem pretty good but i would double check just in case
Explanation:
blood travels through your body inside arteries and veins. Compare the function of a plant's vascular system to the function of your arteries and veins
Both Human circulatory system and plant vascular system (xylem and phloem) transports food and water to cells.
What are the veins and arteries of a plant?
The arteries and veins of a plant are compared with xylem (transports water and dissolved minerals) and phloem (transports food materials) from leaves to all parts of the plant.
The circulatory system of animals is made up of heart and blood vessels such as arteries, veins, and capillaries whereas in plants the circulatory system consists of vessels called xylem and phloem.
They both are similar in
They both helps in transporting the substances throughout the body.Both systems are made up of a vast array of tubes.Both systems are moving a combination of liquids and solidsLiquid part of blood is plasma, and the liquid part in plants will be water.The main difference between both the systems is transportation.
In humans, heart helps in moving materials through the tubes whereas in plants, transpiration is used to move water up the xylem and food materials to different parts.
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A botanist wants to examine the effects of a chemical on plant growth, so he runs an experiment. He gives the chemical to one species of plant on the left side of his
greenhouse. The other species of plant on the right side of the greenhouse is assigned to the control group and does not receive the chemical. The botanist discovers
that the plants that received the chemical grew more, on average, than those that did not receive the chemical. He concludes that the chemical is effective for
promoting plant growth.
What are the problems with this experiment and the reasoning of the botanist?
Select all that apply
Most plants keep growing throughout their entire lives. Plants grow through a mix of cell expansion and cell division, just as other multicellular creatures.
What is effect of chemical on Plant growth?Toxic substances raise the risk of developing cancer, interfere with fertility, and create a host of other health issues.
Herbicides, which are chemicals used to kill plants, brought up additional issues. They will always have a toxic effect on plants as a result of how they are designed to work, and frequently they also have a toxic effect on animals and people.
When present in adequate concentrations, certain herbicides are broad-spectrum and kill the majority of plants, while other herbicides are more focused and only kill particular plant species, like weeds. For instance, 2,4-D and comparable pesticides damage broadleaf plants more frequently.
Therefore, Most plants keep growing throughout their entire lives. Plants grow through a mix of cell expansion and cell division, just as other multicellular creatures.
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Phytoplankton are said to release how much of the oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere?
A) between 5% and 10%
B) between 15% and 20%
C) less than 5%
D) more than 50%
Answer:
Explanation: 70 percent of Earth's oxygen production.
Where is the nucleus usually located in a eukaryotic
Answer:
at the heart
Explanation:
hope this helps ya
Which of the following chemical defenses are produced by host cells to destroy invaders' membranes?
a. Acidic pH
b. Superoxides
c. Lysozyme
d. Defensins
The chemical defenses are produced by host cells to destroy invaders' membranes which is called : d.) Defensins.
What do you know about defensins?Defensins are small proteins that are produced by circulating white blood cells and tissue cells. Defensins can be classified into alpha and beta families. Alpha-defensins (α-defensins) are found in neutrophils, macrophages, and Paneth cells in intestine. They are the key effector molecules in host defense against infection due to the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.
Defensins are small cysteine-rich cationic proteins across cellular life, including the vertebrate and invertebrate animals, plants and fungi. They are the host defense peptides with members displaying direct antimicrobial activity or immune signaling activities or sometimes both.
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The __________ __________ is made up of two concentric membranes and is continuous with the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. (a) plasma membrane (b) Golgi network (c) mitochondrial membrane (d) nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope is made up of two concentric membranes and is continuous with the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.
In general, Nucleus is surrounded by a system of two concentric membranes, these are inner and outer nuclear membranes. Outer nuclear membrane is extended with the endoplasmic reticulum. Hence, space present between the inner and outer nuclear membranes is directly connected with the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Nuclear envelope, is also known as the nuclear membrane, and generally consists of two lipid bilayer membranes inside eukaryotic cells that surround the nucleus, and also contains genetic material.
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Question 1 of 10
What happens to the cells located in the apical meristem of a root as the root grows downward?
A. The cells specialize to produce long, hairlike roots.
B. The cells continue to divide and produce more unspecialized cells.
C. The cells die off and harden as they make contact with soil and rocks.
D. The cells form a barrier that protects older cells from diseases.
Even when the root cap is scraped off as the plant pushes through the soil, the apical meristem, which is shielded by it, continues to develop cells.
what is apical meristem ?
The undifferentiated (vague) meristems in a plant are called apical meristems. They are divided into three different categories of essential meristems. Thus, the two optional meristem types are produced by the essential meristems. Due of their connection to parallel growth, these alternative meristems are also known as sidelong meristems.
The plant's root tips, as well as the beginnings of emerging shoots and leaves, contain a tissue called apical meristematic tissue, which is responsible for plant development. The Apical Meristem is one of three varieties of meristems, or tissue that can divide into different cell types. The meristem is the tissue where growth occurs in plants. The term "apical growth" describes development at the top and bottom of a plant. The major plant body is produced by apical meristems, which are also in charge of root and shoot expansion.
Even when the root cap is scraped off as the plant pushes through the soil, the apical meristem, which is shielded by it, continues to develop cells.
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Make a list of the 10 highest mountains and name what type of mountain they are
Explanation:
Currently, There are at least 108 mountains on Earth with elevations of 7,200 metres (23,622 ft) or greater above sea level. The vast majority of these mountains are located on the edge of the Indian and Eurasian plates in China, India, Nepal and Pakistan.A drawback of a prominence-based list is that it may exclude well-known or spectacular mountains that are connected via a high ridge to a taller summit, such as Eiger, Nuptse or Annapurna IV.
As an extreme example, Ulugh Muztagh on the north Tibetan Plateau is often listed as 7,723 m (25,338 ft) to 7,754 m (25,440 ft), but appears to be only 6,973 m (22,877 ft) to 6,987 m (22,923 ft). Some mountains differ by > 100 m (330 ft) on different maps, while even very thorough current measurements of Mount Everest range from 8,840 m (29,003 ft) to 8,850 m (29,035 ft).
Which of the following technological advancements allows scientists to study cells?
In humans, free ear lobes are dominant to attached ear lobes. If a child has the heterozygous genotype for this trait, what phenotype will be expressed?